kerala solvent extractions limited

7/29/2019 Kerala Solvent Extractions Limited

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KERALA SOLVENT EXTRACTIONS LIMITED

An Organisation Study Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the MBA (Full time) Degree of the

Anna University, Chennai

Submitted by

Dinoop Devaraj

Reg No: 722711631025

Batch 2011-2013

Sree Narayana Guru Institute of Management Studies

(Anna University, Chennai)

Palakkad Main Road, K.G. Chavadi

Coimbatore - 641105

July 2012


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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the organizational study report on KERALA SOLVENT

EXTRACTIONS LIMITED, IRINJALAKUDA is a bona-fide record of work done by

me, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Master of Business Administration under the supervision of Mr.M.D Johny,

Personal Manager, KSE LTD and Asst.Prof Ms. Devi Premnath, Sree Narayana

Guru Institute of Management Studies, and that no part of this report has

formed the basis for award of any Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar

title or recognition in any other institution.

Place Dinoop Devaraj

Date


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude to all the

people who have helped me with sound advice and able guidance throughout

the completion of my organizational study report.

First and foremost I express my thanks and gratitude to the god for successful

completion of my organizational report.

I would like to record my obligation to my project guide Asst.Prof. Ms. Devi

Premnath, whose immense support, valuable suggestions, guidance,

encouragement and resourceful help for this organizational study.

I would like to specially thank Mr. M.D Johny, Personal Manager KSE Ltd., for

his whole hearted support and cooperation.

My sincere thanks to all the directors and staff of KSE Ltd, Irinjalakuda for

permitting me to do the project work in their company and for their kind

cooperation.

I would also like to thank teaching and Non-teaching Staffs for their supportwhich enabled me to complete this organizational study report successfully.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS TOPICS Pg.NO

1. INTRODUCTION 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 2-3

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 4

2, INDUSTRY PROFILE 6-7

3. COMPANY PROFILE 8

INTRODUCTION TO KSE LTD. 9-13

VISION AND MISSION 13-14

STARTING OBJECTIVE 14-15

PROMOTERS 15


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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE 16

AN EXCEPTIONAL RANGE OF PRODUCTS 18

COMPETITORS 20

4. FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS 22

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT 23-30

FINANCE DEPARTMENT 31-36

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 37-41

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT 42-44

MARKETING & SALES DEPARTMENT 45-52

QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT 53-55

STORES DEPARTMENT 56-58

5. SWOT ANALYSIS 59-62

6. CONCLUSION 64

7. BIBILOGRAPHY 65


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LIST OF FIGURES/GRAPHS/CHARTS

S.NO: CONTENTS Pg.NO

1. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE 16

2. GENERAL MANAGER 17

3. PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE 24

4. FINANCE DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE 32

5. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE 38

6. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE 43

7. MARKETING & SALES DEPARTMENT

STRUCTURE

46

8. QUALITY CONTROL STRUCTURE 54

9. STORES DEPARTMENT 57


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1. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Organization is viewed as a group of persons for achieving its goals. The study

about organization is termed as organization study. Organization affects the

quality of human life in modern society. The study of organization is thus very

essential for understanding the behavior of human being.

Organization can be studied in two perspectives that are micro and macro. In

micro perspective, the focus of study is on individuals. It concerns itself with

each individuals psychological makeup, his interaction with other individualsand groups. The micro view of individuals in organization is recognized as a

discipline called organizational behaviour.

The macro view considers organization as the unit of analysis in place of an

individual. It is concerned with organization as the unit of analysis in place of

an individual. It is concerned with organizational goals, organizational

structure, technologies used in organization and how organization interact

with the environment. The macro perspective is recognized as a discipline

called organizational theory. Both these aspects taken together to present a

complete picture of organizational study.

The organization study is a relevant part of our MBA program; this would

enable to meet and attain a practical and real time feed of various aspects

concern and to relate it to be concept and theory studies in the classroom. This

exercise would help the future managers to meet the challenges lying ahead.

All organizations are required to handle multiple problems and procedures.

The intention of an organization is to overcome these hurdles.Different techniques are being employed by every organization to accomplish a

favourable organization climate. It is the study of the culture and sub culture in

all dimensions. The study is conducted to know the functions of the

organizations. It is conducted in KSE LTD, IRINJALAKUDA.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

* To get an idea about the organization

* To familiarize with different management activities

* To get an idea about the authority structure and effectiveness of thecompany

* To analyse the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the

company.

* To study the functional aspects of the department of KSE LTD.

SOURCE DATA

There are mainly two types of data are used for this study are:1. Primary Data

* Observation

* Unstructured Interviews

2. Secondary Data

Secondary Data are those data which are already collected by someone else.

They are collected from journals, existing records, and files report of the

company.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Scope of the study is immense as it is named at covering the entire operation

of plant and workers department in the organization. The study gives an

insight in to the day to day operation and management of the organization.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. The researcher could not see all the employees personally and hence the

research could no collect the opinion of all the employees.

2. The top management was reluctant to disclose matters related to the

internal affairs of the company


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2. INDUSTRY PROFILE

Cattle play a vital role in the economy of India. Cow and bullocks are regarded

as the foundation of agriculture in India. Cattle feed supplies the motive powerfor almost all agriculture operations such as ploughing, lighting water from

wells and the transport of produced to the market. They provide most of the

manure used by the farmers in India and often enable them to earn some this

during this spare time by carting for hire; they again yield valuable product such as milk,

butter and ghee. The unawareness of farmers about the proper feeding methodsof cows affects the milk productivity cows in rural areas. Due to this reason the

importance of cattle feed industry has been increased in India.

Indian livestock feed industry, though quite old, is still in a very primitive stage, as it is

supplying only about 5 % for cattle feed, and 30% for poultry feed in India. The

bulk of the feed is being produced by un-organized sector compressed of home andcustom mixers. Our human population is ever growing and more people are likely to

consume more animal product as the economy and income of the people grow. Thisexpands the market for animal products and therefore compound feed also.

India is deficient in green fodder. The increasing allocation of arable land and

other natural resources for growing food grains, cereals, and oil seeds for

human consumption and cash crop for exports, the problem of shortage of green

for animal feeding is bound to increase. This opens up prospects for compoundlivestock industry.

Feed industry come into existence in India in 1961 with establishment of feedplant in Ludhiana, India. The animal feed industry has developed since

the beginning of 20th

century, initially supplying feedstuffs only for ruminants and

later, as demand developed, also for pigs and poultry. In the past feed mills

were usually built at major ports or close to inland water ways. Many of the raw materials

were imported, including serials such as wheat, barley and maize, and proteins

from groundnuts, linseed, cottonseeds and fishmeal. Some home produced

materials were also used generally by products of the food industry. These

included wheat feed, left over from flour manufacture; oilseed cakes and meal,

from the manufacture of margarine and cooking oils. It can be seen as the compound feedproduction for cattle increased between 1974 and 1983. This increase was

influenced by the financial incentives for dairy farmers to produce as much milk

as possible, there by requiring large volume offered for their cattle.

The quality standards of Indian feeds are high are high and up to internationallevels. The industrys production is about 3.0 million tones, which represents

only 5 % of total potentials, and feed exports are not very high. The feedindustry has modern computerized plants and latest equipments for

analytical procedure and least cost ration formulation, and its employs the latest

manufacturing technology. In India the most research work on animal feed


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is practical and focuses on the use of by products the upgrading of ingredients

and the enhancing of productivity

Feed manufacturing on commercial and scientific basis started around1965 with

the setting up of medium- sized feed plants in northern and western India. Feed

was produced mainly to cater to the need of dairy cattle. India is currently self sufficientin live stock feed and does not depend on imports. Instead, the country exports

large quantities of solvent extracted metals, which are a major source of foreign

exchange earnings. BIS has produced guideline feed standards and the industry

also has its own guidelines. Currently there is no compulsion to use BIS standards, but

the central government has been advising states to introduce their own

regulatory standards.

GROWTH OF ANIMAL FEEDS INDUSTRY

The manufacturing of feed in the organized sector in India began around the

mid- sixties with the setting up of medium- sized feed plants in the northern and

western parts of the country. The early seventies established sixty feed factories

in the country and their number increased manifold to over 400 by the late nineties. Thepace of increase was much faster in 70s (compound annual growth rate12.7%) as

compared to the subsequent decades. The industrial deli censing in 1991as part

of the economic reform package in India did not impact on the expansion

of feed industry. The 6.3% rate of expansion in pre deli censing period (1976/77 1990/91) remained much the same at 6.88% during the post de-licensing hadon the food processing industry in general and dairy industry in particular where large

number of new factories/plants came up after 1991 -1992.

FEEDING PRACTICES AND THE USE OF COMPONENT

FEED

In India the term Compound Feed refers to feed that is nutritionally balancedand has been manufactured using the facilities of an analytical laboratory and under thesupervision of nutritionists. There are also a large number of small scale feed

mixers who produce feed for local consumption. Such feed is termed Self Mixed Feed

or Home Mixed Feed.

CATTLE FEED

The productivity of the cattle is limited because of their poor genetic make up , so highquality compound feed ( Industry Feed ) may not necessarily generate a


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significant improvement in productivity and this has hampered growth of a

cattle feed industry. Instead they compromise by using such feed in proportion

of 5 to 60 percent, making up the balance with their own formulations. It is only in the case

of highly productive animals that compound feed has been able to show its real potential

and the importance of technology has been demonstrated. The share of compoundcattle feed manufactured by the industry in relation to the overall potential , is low for the

following reason; The cattle population is fragmented and spread over large part of the

country. Farmers low level of education and strong traditional beliefs mean that

there is generally little awareness of compound cattle feed.According to Extract From Animal Feeding Safely , report of an FAQ expert

consultation present condition of cattle feed is worldwide, tonnage of feed

exceeds 4 billion tons per annum of which some 550 million tons are milled

feeds . The largest portion of the 4 billion tons of feed involves subsistence

farming on the Indian subcontinent and Asia.

India is currently self sufficient live stock feeds and does not depend on

imports. Instead, the exports large quantities of solvent extracted meals whichare a major source of foreign exchange earnings


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3. COMPANY PROFILE

A BRIEF HISTORY OF KSE LIMITED

KSE ltd is a public limited company is a incorporated with substantialcapital participation by the Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation

ltd.Trivandram and though loans from industrial finance corporation of India,

New Delhi. The company is engaged in the solvent extraction of ground nut cake and rice

bran also. The oil thus obtained is moved for industrial purpose into the market. In addition

is full-fledged livestock feed division engaged in the production of ready mixed Cattle Feed.

The Company was registered in the year 1963. In 1973 the solvent extraction

plant was started with processing capacity of 60 metric tons of cake per day. In

1976the company stated production of ready mixed feed with the production

capacity of 50 metric tons per day and in 1983 the company increased the production ofcattle feed to 120 mt per day which has recently been increased to 180 tons per day by theconstruction of a fully automated computerized plant. In 1988 company started

a solvent extraction and cattle feed plant at Swaminathpuram near Palani,

with production capacity of 150mts of cattle feed per day and processing

capacity of 100-120mts of expeller extracted deoiled cake.In 1972, the company

lased new cattle feed plant at pothannur near Coimbatore with a production capacity of 80tons per day and in 1995 company has leased a plan in Mysore with the capacity of 50

tons per day. In 1996 the company started a new plant I Vedagiri at Kottayam in

Kerala with the capacity of 240 tons per day. Kerala solvent extraction ltd comes outwith a premium public issue on March 1993 which was oversubscribed, through

the stock markets are showing a low trend, now Kerala Solvents share is still

quoted at Rs.140 per share whose face value isRs.10. This reflects theconfidence of investing in the company. It was in 1963 that Kerala Solvent Extraction

limited now known as KSE ltd entered the solvent extraction industry setting up the

very first solvent extraction plant in Kerala. The traditional coconut oil industry

in state was facing a decline then. Though the largest producer of copra in the

country, as much as 80% of it, Kerala the infrastructure to exploit the potential

of its abundant produce. While the oil industry in other parts of the country werethriving. The Dr. Lokhanathan committee, set up to feasibility of starting new

industries in Kerala, recommended the establishment of 3 solvent extraction

plants. And one of them, in Thrissur district. The oil mill owners in and around

Irinjalakuda, who were thinking in similar lines saw the opportunity and look the

initiative to establish a solvent extraction unit. The solvent extraction plant wenton the stream in 1972 and in 1976 a new plant was setup to manufacture ready mixed

cattle feed, which was a pioneering step. Since then there, was no looking back. The last

3decades have seen KSE emerging as a leader in solvent extraction and ready

mixed cattle feed in the county and though these years of consolidation and

diversification KSE has crate a niche for itself. Today KSE commands the


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resources, expertise and infrastructure to manufacture a range of live stock feed in

high volumes, coconut oil from coconut cake and refined edible oil. Since the early,

KSE had endeavored to supply its products to customers through extensive

network of dealers and retailers which from a dedicated force behind the

success of KSE. It is matter of pride that KSE is household name today. The KSE isa public limited company having around 6000 shareholders. The board of directors

consisting 10 directors in the executive committee responsible for the

management the article of association of the company empowers the board of

directors of directors to appoint one as the Chief Managing Director. The

company has one Executive Director and one Whole Time Director. The Chief

Managing Director, Executive Director and Whole time Director are the smooth

running of day to day affairs of the company. Strategic decision of the company

are taken by an executive body consisting of the Managing Director, Executive

Director, Whole time Director, General Manager, Finance Manager, Nutritionist

, Marketing Manager, Plant Manager and Purchase Manager. These executives

are professionals with vast experience in their areas of specialization.

GROWTH CHRONICLE OF KSE

1972 - Solvent plant commences operation.

1976 - Mixed cattle feed production begins.

1987 - Cattle feed production reaches 180 tons Introduction of computers in the

factory and office.

1988 - A new mixed cattle feed plant starts operation at Swaminathapuram,

Tamil Nadu with a daily product ion capacity of 180 tones.

1989 - Solvent Extraction Plant of Swaminathapuram unit with a capacity of

120 MTs per day started production.

1990 - Cattle feed production capacity at Swaminathapuram unit increased to

150 MTs per day.

1991 - Palakkad Branch started.

1993 - Enter exports market

1994 - Keyes Forte, the new feed supplement for cattle introduced.

Cattle feed production capacity at Swaminathapuram increased to 180MTs per day.


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1995 - Calicut Branch opened.

1996 - 240 TPD cattle feed Plant at Vedagiri in Kottayam District started

operation.Company renamed as KSE Limited. (Formerly Kerala Solvent

Extractions Limited)

1998 - Company acquired its fourth manufacturing unit at Palakkad for

manufacturing Cattle feed.

1999 - A modern CHILDRENS' PARK AND INFORMATION CENTRE was

completed at Irinjalakuda for the benefit of the Public.

Company introduced 'K.S. Deluxe Plus" the Pelleted feed in HDPEbags for Kerala Market.

2000 - Company started production and marketing of Pasteurized Milk and

Milk products from Konikkara Dairy, Trichur District, Kerala and Thalayuthu

Dairy, Palani Taluk, Tamil Nadu.

2002 - Cattle feed production at Irinjalakuda unit increased to 195 MTs per

day.

'VESTA' Ice Cream launched.

2003 - Started production of Cattle feed in a leased plant at Edayar,

Kalamassery.

Cattle feed production at the Swaminathapuram unit increased to 195

MTs per day.

2004 - Acquired Land from KINFRA for starting the new project of 200 TPD

Solvent Plant and 100 TPD Oil Physical Refining Plant at Kinfra

Park, Koratty.

ISO 9001:2008 Accreditation for Irinjalakuda.

2005 - Cattle feed Production capacity at the Irinjalakuda unit increased to

210 MTs per day.

Company acquired property at Mysore.

ISO 9001:2008 accreditation for Vedagiri and Swaminathapuramunits.


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2006 - The 200 TPD Solvent Extraction Plant at Koratty commissioned.

100 TPD Physical Refining Plant at Koratty commissioned.

Solvent Plant at Irinjalakuda dismantled.

2008 - Ice cream production unit commissioned at Thalayathu.

2009 - Cattle Feed production capacity at Swaminathapuram increased to 200

MTs per day.

Commissioned Fractionation Plant at Koratty.

Commenced 500 TPD Fully State-of-the-Art German Technology

Animal

Feed Plant at Irinjalakuda.

2010 - Ice cream production unit at Vedagiri commissioned.

OBJECTIVES OF KSE LIMITED

To produce, manufacture ,extract, purchase refine, prepare import ,export,sell and generally to deal in oil from seeds and other oil bearing materialsto carry on the business of refining the hydrogenation of oil and the

manufacturing of by products there from and of trades connected there

with.

To acquire erect, construct, establish operate, and maintain oil mills,extraction plants, and workshops.

To purchase for the purpose of business of the company. Oil expellersdenigrators , filter press , oil neutralizing , washing , dyeing bleaching ,filtration andhydrogen plants , punch machines and other machines .

To purchase, manufacture, treat purchase sell or otherwise deal inoilcakes, washing soaps, toilet soaps, hair oils and timed products.


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VISION AND MISSION OF KSE

VISION

We shall Endeavour to maintain leadership through quality products, explore

new avenues in product development and marketing, create a stronger bondbetween the management, Workforce , dealers and customers ,contribute to

social development and rural enlistment, and constantly strive for excellence inall spheres of our activities.

MISSION

To become a marker driving company from market driven company.

Educate and train the livestock frames to practice scientific feeding to

optimize livestock productivity.

To support the development of knowledge based network on the feedrelated activities.

To a culture of innovation and creativity amongst the employees.

To be an active partner in community development program.

To add more Ice-cream production units across Kerala in coming years.

KSE, with a capital base of Rs.36 crores embarks on the expansion to double

its solvent extraction capacity and add a most modern eco-friendly vegetable

refining plant.

KSE

PRODUCTION UNITS

KERALA

KSE LIMITED, Irinjalakuda unit KSE LIMITED, Vedagiri unit, Kottayam KSE LIMITED, Palakkad unit KSE LIMITED, Edayar unit, Cochin KSE LIMITED, Konikkara unit (dairy) KSE LIMITED, Koratty

TAMILNADU

KSE LIMITED, Swaminathapuram unit KSE LIMITED, Thalayathu (dairy) KSE LIMITED, Erode

KARNATAKA

KSE LIMITED, Mysore unit


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AWARDS AND RECOGINATIONS

The solvent Extractors Association of India-SEA Award for highestprocessor of coconut cake in India, since institution of the awardcontinuously for 20 years including 2009-10.

Best productivity performance for Cattle feed in India Award fromNational Productivity Council continuously for Eleven Years 1996-97 to

2005-06.

ISO 9001-2000 Certification. Kerala state productivity Council award. Top Cattle feed Award for aflatoxin free feed from The Indian

Association of Veterinary Pathologists (IAVP) and Kerala AgriculturalUniversity.

Tamil Nadu productivity Council Safety Award. Animal Nutrition Society of India Award for Companys contributions for

propagation of balanced compound livestock feed in India.

Industry Excellence Award from the Indian Society for the study ofAnimal Reproduction for the year 2001.

Entrepreneur Award from the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.SOCIAL SERVICE AND RESPONSIBILITY

The company gave so many contributions to the country at the time

of uncertainties.

It contributed 5 lakh each for Kargil and Tsunami Fund. As a part of social responsibility the company introduced KS

PARK for the enjoyment and fun children. They are also spending

Rs.50000 in each month for it. Also they were conducting some

competitions for children occasionally.


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KSE & ITS PRODUCTS

1.K.S Cattle feed : One of the all times favourites in the cattle feed.There are two forms of Cattle Feed

o Mash formo Pellets formMash form contains

K.S. Super: A Special cattle feed that has won immensepopularity.

K.S. OrdinaryPellets form contains

K.S. Deluxe Pellets: A bypass protein fed with ISI mark, speciallymade for cattle with superior germ plasma and high production

potential.

K.S. Deluxe plus pellets K.S. Supreme pellets

2. K.S Supreme (Refined Sunflower Oil)

3. Jersey Copra Cake: Protein rich, tasty, de-oiled coconut cake.

4. K.S Forte (Feed SupplementTonic): An invigorating feed supplement for

cattle.

5. K.S Mineral Mixture

6. Milk Products

K.S Paal K.S Ghee K.S Curd K.S Butter Milk Vesta Ice Creams


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COMPETITORS

In cattle feed sector, competition is high, as government sector company

Kerala Feed set a plant at Kalletumkkara (Irinjalakuda). They have come up

with MSE brand of cattle feed.Other milk making federation of Kerala is also strong competitor of KSE. Other

players in the market are Amul, Godrej, Tata, HLL (Gold Maher brand), Mysore

feeds, Prima.Vesta Ice-cream has also competitors some of them are Joy, Arun, and Uncle

John etc.

In the milk and milk product Sector Company have lot of competitors. In fact

the company is not allowed to compete the market with its strongest

opponent MILMA. Government is showing high protectionism towards Milma.

KSE Ltd is given permission to procure milk only from certain areas of Thrissur

District and it is only allowed to market milk in Thrissur and Ernakulam District.

PROMOTERS

Kerala Solvent Extraction limited has been promoted by the persons

traditionally engaged in the business of oil extraction, trading in the cattle

feed. The Promoters are well known for their quality products.

The Promoters are:

* Mr. M.C. Paul - Chairman and MD

* Mr.T.O.Paul - Executive Director

* Mr.P.K.Varghese - Whole time directors

* Mr.A.P.George - Director and Legal Advisor

Chief General Manager - Anand Menon


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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

DIAGRAM 1 :ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Board ofDirectors

ExecutiveDirector

ManagingDirector

GeneralManager

FinanceManager

Assistant A/cManag

er

AssistantFinancialManage

r

Clerk

ShareDepartment

PurchaseManager

Executive

officer

Clerk

PersonnelManager

Executive

officer

Clerk

SecurityOfficer

SecurityGuard

MarketingManager

Assist

antSalesMana

ger

Executives

Custom

erService

SalesRepresentative

QualityManager

Chief

Nutritionist

LabAttender

Production

Manager

Engineer

Worker

WholeTime

Director


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FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

The departmentation helps in specialisation of work in

each field.It helps in better planning and better concentration in the particular

work handled by a particular department

The Various Departments in KSE Ltd are as follows:

1.Personnel Department

2.Finance Department

3.Purchase Department

4.Production Department

5.Marketing & Sales Department

6.Quality Control Department

7.Stores Department


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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

DIAGRAM 2 : Structure of PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

PersonalManager

ExecutiveOfficer

Officer

Junior Officer

SeniorAssistant

OfficerAssistant

Clerk

SecurityOfficer

SecurityOfficer

SeniorSecurityOfficer

Secutiy

Guard

Watchman


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The workers have the important role in existence and the growth of an

organization. So it should be managed carefully. The growth of industries is to

larger and complex units employing various categories of workers created

special problems. Hence, a separate department specialized in the knowledge

of human relations is inevitable.The personnel manager utilizes the maximum individual ability,

promotions of team spirit, develop job satisfaction, reduce labor turnover and

improve production. And also leads to attain the organizational goals the

personnel department of KSE ltd is very efficient and functioning very well

under the control of an efficient personnel manager.

FUNCTIONS

Recruitment Man Power Planning Welfare Functions Grievance Handling Discipline Industrial Relations Job Description Job Analysis Job Specification Training Development Performance Appraisal Career Planning Public RelationRECRUITMENT

The recruitment is done on the basis of the requirement of the company. Atthe initial stage, an expert will be asked to submit a project report on the

requirement & recruitment will be based on the report. The requirement of

employee is based on the request of each department.

The selection committees consist of General Manager, Personnel Manager,

and the Manager of concerned department. On determining the

requirement, notification is given on various media. A written test is

conducted, from candidates those who are selected in 3:1 ratio to the

number of vacancies. Interview is conducted to select apt candidate


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Unskilled Workers

He Should be in age group 25 30 years He should not have Studied more than 8th standard He should be reciding within a radius of 5 kms of KSE LTDOffice Staff

He should be graduateShift Engineer

He should be a Diploma holder from ITISecurity Man

He should be an ex-service man in age group of 35 40 yearsTRAINING

KSE LTD gives the job training to the employees. They are kept in

probation for 6 months. If company found it unsatisfactory , then probation

period may be extended. Induction training is given at this period

PERFORMANCE APPRAISALKSE LTD follows a system of performance appraisal. The department

makes appraisal report of the employees, workmen, to the Personnel manager

and confirmation of job is done only after this report

TRANSFER

According to discretion of the management employees or work men

may be transfer from one department to another department or from one

section to another section or from one job to another job

CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES /WORKMEN

The employees/workmen are classified as permanent probationer, badali, or

substitute, temporary and the casual.


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A permanent employee or workmen in one who has engaged on apermanent basis by a return order to that effect and includes any person

who has satisfactorily completed probationary periods of six months

Probationer is one who provisionally employed to fill a permanentvacancy in a permanent or temporary post, otherwise than temporary or

casual employees and continuous as such until he has been notifies by

the management that he is made permanent from the temporary post

after satisfactory completion of the probationary period of the

employment

Badali / substitute are one who is appointed in the post of permanentworkman and the probationer who is temporary absent.

A temporary employee is one who is employed for the work which isessentially temporary nature likely to be finished within a limited

periods or who is employed temporarily in permanent post.

A casual employee or workmen is one whos employment or anoccasional or casual nature and who is not entitled to claim for the

future and continuous employment.

TERMINATION OF SERVICEThe employment of permanent employee/workmen

other than those working under special contract shall not be terminated

without giving 1 months notice in writng either by employee or workmen in

the case of monthly rated and 14 days notice in the case of daily rated

employees or 1 month pay or 14 days pay, as the case may be. Such notice of

payment however will not apply in case of terminated of service consequent

on disciplinary action

Any employee of work men who lives the service

without giving prescribed notice shall be liable to be sued for damages. In case

of termination of Service, the workmen/employees will be entitled for

payment of wages earned by them subject to deduction of amounts due. If any

to the company within 2 days of termination


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GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE

All complaints of individual nature regarding payment of wages,

wage calculation, grant leave, overtime, work assignment, working conditions,

confirmation, transfer, interpretation of service agreement and othercompliments of similar nature arising in the course of employment may

constitute grievances and the same shall be redressed in a systematic manner.

EMPLOYEES SELECTION PROCESS

Employees are selected strictly based on their education

qualification, work experience, technical knowledge and age. The company will

do the recruitment by giving the advertisement through:

Newspapers Employment Exchange By promoting their own employees based on their performance.

REMUNERATION

There are 3 types of wage earners

Unskilled but permanent workers gets daily wages Badali workers wage on weekly basis Office staff salary on the last working day of every month

Salary Consists of

Basic pay Fixed Dearness Allowances Variable Dearness Allowances

ALLOWANCES

Dearness Allowance Conveyance Allowance House Rent Allowance Washing Allowance Shift Allowance Canteen Subsidy/ Tea Allowances Leave Travel Allowance Statutory Allowances


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STATUTORY ALLOWANCES

1.PROVIDENT FUNDEmployee provident fund have three parts. They are:

Provident fund Pension fund Deposit linked insurance

The employer provides an amount equal to 12% of employees

salary to employee provident fund. 8.33% goes to provident funds

and rest of the amount goes to pension fund. 5% of his salary to

deposits linked insurance.2.BONUS

Company can give bonus in the range of employee salary. KSE is paying

20% of bonus to all employees.

3.GRATUITYAccording to central legislation half month salary for every year service

should paid as gratuity on retirement. Company also joined LICs group

graduate insurance scheme, under this scheme if employees determines

to leave before completing his term in office, gratuity will be paid

considering his remaining years of work as well.

TRADE UNION

Trade Union is association of workers formed with the intension to

protect workers from the exploitation of employers and also to improve the

working conditions.

The main objectives of trade union are to ensure better wages, good workculture and conditions, protection against injustice, labour welfare, peace and

collective bargaining. In KSE 3 trade unions are working they are,

INTUC CITU BMS


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EMPLOYEES WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Employee pays Rs.20 per month. The employer also pays 20% per

month towards this fund. This is utilized to give loan, scholarship for students

of employees etc. On the death of employee one month salary is paid todependants towards funeral expenses.

SAFETY MEASURES

For Safety of workers at plant they provided with

Mask First Aid Facility Dust Extraction System in plant, which helps to suck the dust

arising at the time of production

LEAVE AND HOLIDAY

Company allows & sick leaves for non ESI employee. Company allowed 9 days

casual leave for daily rated wages and 11 days for monthly rated employees.

Government has notified 4 national holidays and festival holidays. KSE ltd allow

all these holidays.

RETIREMENT

Retirement age of employee is 58 years. The personnel Department

was seen as a place where the lesser productive employees could be placed

with minimal damage to the organisation ongoing operation. Individual in the

personnel department were perceived as those responsible for planning

company picnics, vacation schedules and retirement parties. Perssonal as an

activity were seen as a necessary but unimportant part of the organisation.

Fortunately things have changed for better and the status of the personnel

department has improved enormously over the year.


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FINANCE DEPARTMENT

DIAGRAM 2 : STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

FinanceManager

DeputyAccountant

ExecutiveOfficer

Officer

Junior Officer

Senior OfficerAssistant

OfficeAssistant

Clerk

Deputy FinanceManager

ExecutiveOfficer

Officer

Junior Officer


OfficeAssistant

Clerk

Deputy ShareManager

ExecutiveOfficer

Officer

Junior Officer


OfficeAssistant

Clerk


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Classification of finance function1. Money Management

2. Record keeping & reporting

3. Control function

4. Auditing function

Aims of finance function1. Accruing sufficient funds

2. Proper utilization of funds

3. Increasing profitability

4. Maximizing firms value

Scope of finance function1. Estimating the financial requirements

2. Deciding capital structure

3. Selecting the source of finance

4. Implementing financial controls

Source of finance

Source means come where the money was come thebusiness there are mainly three source of generating funds.

They are:

Share capital Reserves Bank loan

Accounts department plays a vital role in any organization. KSE Ltd has

an efficient accounting department. The chief finance manager controls

all function of this department. The deciding of accounting policy andtheir implementation is the main duty of finance manager. The main

function of this department are making payments and receipts,

preparation of books of accounts and income tax return, and controlling

all affairs of financial aspects of the organization this department thus

makes all payments to provident fund, gratuity, employees welfare fund

etc.

Company has 8 crore of working capital. In this 6 crore in Irinjalakuda

plant, 1.25 core at Swaminathapuram and 1.75 cores at Vadagiri.


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Company keeps as inventory required for production for 20 days

minimum stock.

Company pays wages of daily workers in cash while salaries are paid in

either cash or cheques as per requirements of employees.

KSE follows the cost accounting principles and procedures. Almost all

departments are computerized. All work is done by special application

program developed for use of the company. The main aim of the finance

department is maximum utilization of fund at minimum cost.

Functions of Finance Department

1. Payment of raw materials

In purchasing raw material 90% of the payment is made on the delivery

time. Balance payment is made after checking the quality and quantity

of the material. This needs material receives report. Order bill and lab

report. It includes item, weight, gross quantity, net quantity etc. If the

quality is not satisfactory rebate is charged.

2. General payments

This includes stationary charges, telephone charges, ESI, PF, housingloan, taxes etc.

3. Receipts& cheque collection

This mainly includes sales receipt. The company accepts sales receipts

and Payments in the form of cash, DD, cheque etc. Company has

accounts with 12 banks. The company avails credit mainly from Bank of

Baroda. Company makes all payments by cheque and receives payments

by cheque only, if the amount is more than 25000. As per policy LSE Ltd

not allow sales on credit.

4. Salary payment

Plant workers will get salary on 6th day of the month and office staff will

get salary on 31st of the mount. If an employee needs salary as advance,

he can take 50% of the salary another function of finance department is

to collect or transfer surplus fund to centre unit.

Since from 1976 KSE has been making steady profits and paying

uninterrupted dividend and a yearly 20% bonus to the employees.


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Another important function of finance department is preparation of

monthly profit & loss account. This statement called for all board

meeting once in a month. On the basis of quarterly results the company

statutory accounts are published in the leading newspapers. Thus the

financial future of KSE looks secure and bright.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS2011-12 2010-11

Rs.in Lakhs Rs.in Lakhs

Sales and Other Income 54336.28 45436.07

Gross Profit 2387.83 1446.98(Profit Before Dep and Finance Cost)

Profit before Tax 1587.04 667.31

Net Profit After Tax 1044.93 449.81

Shareholders Equity 3971.18 3335.35

Capital Employed 4898.67 4498.23

Gross Fixed Assets 7308.62 7194.27

In Rs. In Rs.

Shareholders equity/share 124.10 104.23

Earnings/share of Rs.10 each 32.65 14.06

Dividend Rate 110% 100%


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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Figure 4.3: Structure of Producation Department

Production Manager

Engineer

Plant Engineer

Shift Engineer

Main Foreman

Boiling

Operator

MaintainanceOperator

ElectricalForeman

Electrical

Supervisor

Store Officer

Store

Supervisor

GodownExecutives

Officer


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All functions relating to production is managed by a separate department. The

main production of KSE is cattle feed. Production process is controlled by

computerized systems using microprocessors. The unit has a well-equipped

modern laboratory.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT

Preparatory section

The raw material (coconut oil cake) is brought here and is cut to size from here

oil cake is transferred to the extraction plant through the elevator.Extraction

Here, continuous counter current extract is used for extraction. Hexane is

used as a solvent. Cake is removed in left through the extract while heatedhexane at 63-70oC is sprayed on it. It takes 1 hour for the cake to pass through

the extract by this time most of the oil cake would have dissolved in hexane.

The mixture of oil and hexane is called Misulla. Oil is separated from hexane

by distillation. Oil is boiled at 3000C while hexane is boiled at

60.2*C. Following this function all hexane from oil is removed. Hexane in gas

form is condensed in an condenser and used again. Cake is removed of its

hexane by drying in a drier. Before packing this deep-oiled cake a little water is

sprayed upon it as hot cake cannot be packed as such.

CATTLE FEED PLANT

Using the de-oiled cake, which is a by-product of solvent extraction process,

starts steady mixed cattle feed production. Cattle feed is produced, using more

than 20 raw materials. The formula for cattle feed production is formulated by

nutritionist. The formula will exchange according to the availability of the raw

materials. Seasonal fluctuations affect the availability and the price of the raw

materials. The important raw material used for this purpose is coconut oil

cake, soya bean cake, cotton seed cake, maize, rice, wheat barn, and nutrientsetc.

RAW MATERIALS

The various raw materials used for production of cattle feed are as follows:

Maize Tower Sun flower extraction DORB Rice polish


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De-oiled coconut cake Ground nut extraction Soya bean meal Tamarind seed powder Wheat bran/flakes Rape seed extraction Ragi powder Cotton seed extraction Molasses Calcite powder Urea Salt MineralsIn the cattle feed production MMCP formula is used, i.e., 4 steps of

production process.

M- Milling M- Mixing C- Cooking P- pelleting

Cattle feed is produced in two forms:

* Mash form

* Pellet form

The raw materials are mixed and milled together. Mash form requires

only these two processes to make it in the pellet form. The mixed raw

material is cooked and converted in to pellet form.


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PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Figure 4.4: Structure of Purchasing Department

PurchaseManager

ExecutiveOfficer

Junior Officer

SeniorAssistant

Officer

Office

Assistant

Clerk


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The purchase department places an important role because purchasing has itseffect on every vital factor. Its function is procure material supplier, and

service, machine, and tools at most favorable terms consistent with maintain

the desired stand of quality. Purchasing is an important function, because for

the purchase of materials a, substantial part of the companies finance is

committed which affects cash flow position of the company. The purchase

committees make important decision about purchasing raw material for the

cattle feed production.

FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

1. To give order for raw material

2. To ensure continuous availability of raw material so that there may be

uninterrupted flow of material for production

3. To contact brokers all over India to know about market price

4. To purchase proper quality of raw material at reasonable standard

5. To ensure weight of the purchased goods and storing it in proper place for

easy retrieval and use6. To develop alternative sources of supply, so that material may be

purchased from that alternative source, if a particular supplier fails to supply

the material.

Purchase of raw material for cattle feed production is an important

procedure of purchase department. Therefore, the purchase of raw material is

on requirement for production. The raw material is purchased according to the

availability and capacity of go down. The nutritionist prepares the formula for

the production and the raw material arranged on the basis of it. The formula is

prepared on the basis of availability of the raw material.

The other important purchase procedures are placing order, price of raw

material, purchase contract and material receipt.


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MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT

DIAGRAM 5 :STRUCTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

MarketingManager

SalesManager

SalesExecutive

SeniorAssistant

OfficeAssistant

Clerk

CustomerService

Manager

SalesExecutive

SeniorAssistant

OfficeAssistant

Clerk


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The vision of the marketing department is to find project and to give tenders

according to the marketing condition and on the basis of the previous project

in order to get good turn over for the organization and is also the basis for the

future trends in the organization. Marketing department can also study the

future trends of the economic condition and government policy in order torespond to tenders. The department has to plan whether to go for low cost or

high cost.

FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

To conduct market survey for the future requirement. To make detailed survey on the trends.

To maintain the relationship with customer and their agencies To maintain good relationship with government

MARKETING MIX

Product Price Place Promotion, are the factors of the marketing mix.

This four Ps are equally important for the marketing of the product. Ifany P is weak, the products will be a failure. Marketing activities taken

place in KSE involves the market survey. Information is collected from

the market through the market survey . in order to know the pulse of

the market information is collected from various sources like dealers,

distributors, competitors, newspapers, journals and magazine and sales

force.

The important marketing strategies are:-

1. Pricing strategy

2. Product strategy

3. Distribution strategy

4. Promotion strategy


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SALES PROCEDURE

The purpose of marketing is to promote sales.

The important procedures taken place in the sales division of the department

is:-

First procedure is receipt of incident with demand draft Entering into order book. Next step is preparing the dispatch plan Dispatch vehicle is arranged Delivery order is issued Weighting before and after loading Invoicing preparation

SALES OF CATTLE FIELD

Cattle feed id bi-furcates into mash form and pellet form. KSE has an

exceptional range of products. Cattle feed in mash and pellet forms are divided

according to their quality.

K.S supreme pellet has got ISI mark. De- oiled cake marketed in the name

jersey copra cake has also feed supplements KS forte. Sales of all products

are through authorized dealers.

Ex-factory

In ex-factory sales all risks are borne by the party from the factory gate

itself. In this risk are borne by the company up to parties go down ex-factory

sales are common.

Customer Induction

It is a difficult process in cattle feed industry. The following methods are

adopted by KSE in the various situations.1. Demonstration/customer education

This is intended to give first-hand knowledge about the product to the

customers.

2. Samples/ free coupon scheme

This method id used as an introduction tool.

3. Trade credit scheme

In this the customer is supplied with a bag for current use. The cost of this bag


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will collect along with the supply of replacement bag. This put a moral

obligation on the part of the customer to purchase KSE product again. The KSE

did away this practice; because of technical reason the dealers are encouraged

to do so.

4. Door delivery system

In a high competitive market prompt delivery is an attractive one and KSE insist

on dealers to follow this method.

5. Exhibition and Mela scheme

* Festival exhibitions

* Agricultural exhibitions of government* Livestock shows in Wayanad etc.

* Diary exhibition Vetinary college etch

Customer service

The customer servicing refers to the process of understanding the minds and

needs of them and solving their problem gracefully. The product of KSE is

supplied to all parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and

strong in rural marketing .The products are segmented and marketed with

Different strategies in the local areas. The main advantage is that it is cheap to

compare with similar cattle feeds of others like Vijay, Godreg and Kerala feeds.

The areas of services are identified as follows;

Medical backup facilities

It is an essential follow up service. The KSE has employed vetinary doctors to

find out the effect of each type of cattle feed in each geographical area. This

will have a goodwill effect on customers of the feeds. If any area isdisorganized soon remedial measures can be taken the earliest.

Counselling

The KSE has definite counselling plan for all customers.

Redressal cell

Majority of the customer are farmers of economically weaker sections of the

society. KSE ltd is concentrating on this point and providing instant redressal to


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such class of claim.

Publications

To impart latest information and to adopt customers with changing trends. KSE

publish its own bulletins and leafs lets to the customer in selected areas.

Recognition and training

Every year KSE select few members of customers and give them suitable award

like the best cattle power, largest milk producing cow etc. to boost the

spirit among the customers. KSE also imparts farm training to selected group of

workers.

MARKETING PROMOTINAL SYSTEM

In modern marketing, customer is the king. Marketing is connecting the link

between producers and customers. KSE ltd has effective and energetic sales

department. Sales management forms to only one aspect of the whole of

marketing.

Function of marketing department:

1. Product planning

Product have the company must have the quality of satisfying the need of the

customer. KSE ltd has a vetinary doctor as nutritionist. It is in consultation with

nutritionist, marketing department decides on new project.

2. Packing policy

Packing has important effecting sales. A cattle feed is not a customer product.

Package design decision involves mainly weight of packing, convenient to thecustomer. Recently small package of 10 kg is introduced for convenient sales.

3. Pricing

Price is fixed on the basis of availability of raw material, transportation cost,

and storage and distribution charges. KSE has adopted a competitive pricing

strategy

4. Market survey


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KSE ltd has % supervisory agencies throughout Kerala and they give feeds back

about the market and customer attitudes toward the product. Based on the

survey, KSE makes suitable modifications on product and marketing channels.

5. Some promoters are considered before giving fresh dealership

They are,

* Social status

* Financial backgrounds

* Trust worthiness

6. Sales procedure

The purpose of marketing is to promote sales. KSE ltd makes an order incidentbook. This includes date, name of the product; amount etc. so the dealer can

mention the product and its quality then sales department will sends delivery

order to go down stock given to dealer after security clearance.


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QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

DIAGRAM6 : STRUCTURE OFQUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

QualityControl

Department

Nutritionist

AssistantManager

Chemist

JuniorChemist

LabAttendent


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OBJECTIVE OF QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

To take necessary steps to maintain the quality of products To take different measures to improve the standards of products To achieve a better quality level and better conformity of quality

KSE has developed a tradition of trust. An on-going improvement in

manufacturing process plays a vital role in ensuring high standards. KSE

has adopted mechanized production and computerized quality control in

its operation.

QUALITY CONTROL ACTIVITIES

Quality control activities are mainly at three stages:

Incoming raw material Production process In finished goods

Raw material must maintain its specification. It must

contain required quality of protein, fat, moisture etc. Any increase or

decrease in these items wills adversely affects the quality. Before using

for production process the raw material are checked in companys labfor good quality input.

The formula for the cattle feed production is formulated by nutritionist.

This formula includes all specification needed for the product. Only the

purest and best raw materials find its way in to the factory.

Well-equipped laboratories under the expertise of scientists, continuous

supervision by experienced nutrition specialists and the assimilation of

international developments. In the field of animal nutrition, KSE has an

edge in product development and quality.

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

1. KS Cattle feed Protein : 14 - 16% Oil content : 2%

2. KS Special Cattle feed Protein :14 16% Crude fibre : 11 -12%


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3. KS Super Cattle feed Protein : 16% Oil : 2% Fibre : 12%

4. KS Deluxe Protein : 16 -17% Fat : 2% Fibre :3%

5. KS Deluxe Plus Protein : 17 18% Fat : 3% Fibre : 12%

6.

KS Supreme Protein : 22% Fat : 2% Fibre : 12% Sand & Silica : 2%

STORES DEPARTMENT


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DIAGRAM 6 : STRUCTURE OF STORES DEPARTMENT

Stores

Department

StoresOfficer

StoresSupervisor

Stores Clerk

Worker

GoDownExecutive

GoDownSupervisor

GoDownAssistant

Worker


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In the company stores department is divided into two

1. General Stores

2. Go down

FUNCTIONS OF STORES DEPARTMENT

1. Identify the material that has reached the recorder level.

2. Storage and proper keeping of the materials.

3. Issuing material to the customer department.

4. Stores all data regarding the storage and supply of raw materials in the

computer. Computerization of this department helped the company to save a

lot of time and eliminate various records like storage holder.

STORAGE CONSUMPTION DEPARTMENT

It is prepared by the store keeper and sends the account

department for recording it in the profit and loss account. The consumption of

material by each department is shown in this department.

GENERAL STORE

The officer in charge of general store is storekeeper.The store

keeper is responsible for identifying the materials that has reached the reorder

level and is responsible for its storing.The main item purchased and stored

here are spare part of machinery , packing material , and belt , chain and other

miscellaneous articles

GODOWN

The Compny store raw material for one month or one and half month. The

company has got more than 7 godwns. In the case of sampling of good all thevisible impurities are identified. The impurities like fatty acid can be found only

after lab analysis. In the godown they follow FIFO. As the department

computerized annual stock can be calculated easily


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SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH

Experience in the field over 40 years. Leadership in the Cattle feed Market. Reputation and brand image of the company for the quality of its

products.

Good network of dealership in South India. Fully computerized plant as compared to the technology used by

other manufacturers, KSE has got upper hand.

Good employer-employee relationship; good employee welfareprograms and benefits like gratuity, allowance, bonus etc.

WEAKNESS

In adequate promotional activities for dairy products, company isgiving more priority to the promotion of its cattle feed products.

Employee overhead is high as it is a public limited firm. Limitations of Management; role of trade unions.

OPPORTUNITIES

Financial strength of the company leading to better purchasingpower.

Exemption of value added tax on sale of cattle feed, de-oiled cakesand coconut oil enabling the company to effectively combat with the

competitors.

Expanding its distribution areas. Adequate infrastructure can be made available for the production of

other animal feeds.


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THREATS

Competition from other manufacturer of organized and unorganizedsector, e.g. Kerala feeds.

Probable entry of multinational entities. Upward revision of fuel price increasing the price of ingredients

manifold.

Granting of subsidy on animal feed by the Government selectivelyavoiding private manufacturers.

Indirect control of Government over price of milk. Stagnant numbers in cattle population affecting market growth in

future, as cattle rearing are still not very economical.

Import of cheaper oils leading to fall in demand for solvent extractedcoconut oil.


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CONCLUSION

KSE is the brand leader in the cattle feed, where ever its products are available.

The ever increasing popularity of KSE is range of high quality products. They

understand the need and preference of the customer. KSE has always been at

work to provide the right product, at right price. KSE enjoys the brand loyalty

and sizeable share of market, especially in the home state, Kerala.

This study always also gives an idea about the performance of the

management functions which leads to success. The management practices

gave the real picture of the functions like planning, organizing, staffing,

controlling, coordinating, etc. The social responsibility of the management,

business ethics, strategy, decision, organization development techniques etc.

gave the image of the professional management of KSE ltd.

FINDINGS

The total turnover during the year under review improved by 19.52%compared to previous year.

Despite of adverse condition in cattle industry , company maintains agood performance in cattle feed division without drop in sales.

The price of several ingredients has doubled during the last 2 years. The oil cake processing has marginally improved compared to

previous year.

There is adequate internal control system so as to ensure safety to itsassets against loss.

The company is now catering the Tamil Nadu market also. In Diary division the milk operation are carried out at a lower level so

as to meet requirements of milk and cream for production of Ice-

cream with true quality.

KSE ltd to give more importance to its marketing activities so thatthey can tap the potential and future market.

The concerned authority should spend the time to hear thesuggestions of their employees and consider their innovative ideas

seriously for the development of their company.

Although the company has provided safety masks for the workersthey are not using it.


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Earlier they have more customers in the Thrissur District but nowbecause of the competition from Kerala Feeds they have more

customers in Sothern Districts

SUGGESTIONS

The company should pay more attention to the markets outsideKerala.

Increase the price of the cattle feed judiciously without loosing themarket share.

Setting up of more ice cream production units for improving volumeof production thereby profitability of diary division

Customer retention measures should be enhanced. Create awareness among the workers about the importance of safety

measures

Company can earn more profits by expanding its diary market. Use TV Advertisements to promote the products.


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BIBILOGRAPHY

Annual reports ofKSE ltd

www.kselimted.com KSE Newsletters and booklets

Marketing review- magazine

kerala solvent extractions limited

Documents