Organised by

Author/presenter

Kenneth Cram

Occupancy SensorsThe Promise, The Delivery, The Cost

� Although use of occupancy sensors to control lighting is well established elsewhere, it is not in South Africa

� The Promise - A sensor technology overview

� The Delivery - A detailed case study

� The Cost - Cost and ROI information

Abstract

� Electricity crisis predicted > 10 yrs ago

� Crisis upon us - time for action is now

� Low costs for electricity = little reason to conserve

� Gov’t & Eskom - long term plan to increase supply

� Years to implement

� Does not diminish need to conserve now

When someone else’s lights go off it is Eskom’s problem, when your lights go off it quickly becomes your problem!

Introduction

Bank City – Sunday Night

Nedcor – Voter’s Day

RMB – Sunday Night

Nestlé – Sunday Night

Werkmans – Sunday Night

DiData – Sunday Night

� Motion sensors have existed for many years

� Passive infrared (PIR) has evolved dramatically in recent years

� Two new technologies developed

� Ultra sensitive microphonics technology

� High frequency ultrasonic wave reflection

� Technology combinations

History

� Effective Detection of Human Presence� Modern PIR - fine finger movement� Microphonics - “hear” human noise� Ultrasonics - detect through walls

The Promise

Occupancy detection has come a long way from the days of jumping up and down and waving your arms in front of a “security passive” to get the sensor to activate

� Detects heat

� More switching zones = greater sensitivity

� “Security passives”

� 1 PIR, 3 – 6 switching zones, 1200

� Unsuited to lighting control

� Advanced PIR sensors

� 3 PIR, >1400 switching zones, 360°

� Designed for lighting control

� Fine finger movement up to 3-4 metres

� Larger movements up to 40 metres

The Technology - PIR

Speakers should try to limit themselves 24 slides

� Do not forget to bring a copy of your presentation with you on the day!!!

� It is preferable that speakers bring their own note-books

� Please do not number your slides

Typical PIR Locations

� Detects sound rather than heat� Microphonics and PIR - Dual technology� Filter out background noise� Pick up human noise only� Detection range varies depending upon ceiling, wall and floor materials and ambient noise levels.

� Line of sight to activate PIR� Can “hear” around corners or where there is obstructed line of sight

� PIR/microphonics dual technology sensors are highly immune to false triggering

The Technology – Microphonics

Typical Microphonics Location

� Transmits high frequency sound waves that strike any object in their path and reflect back to the sensor

� Motion disrupts pattern of reflected waves -activates the sensor

� Ultrasound waves inaudible - high frequencies

� Moderate sensitivity – moderate range� Ultrasonic/PIR - dual technology� Some false triggering

The Technology – Ultrasonic

� Dimension Data in Bryanston - The Campus.

� 17 buildings

� 86,000 m2 office

� 113,000 m2 car park

� Cricket pitch/athletic field/outdoor concert venue in the centre,9 hole pitch and putt golf course and a helipad on the perimeter

� One of the most modern and efficient office facilities in South Africa, < 5 years old

� Total Projected Savings over 10 years:

� R 22,285,009

The Delivery – Case Study

� Total buildings 3

� Total watts of switchable lighting 154,644� Total sensors required 507� Average watts controlled per sensor 305� Saving percentage projected 67%� Eskom Demand Side Management (DSM)� M&V – 20%, 30 days baseline & sensors

The Delivery – Case Study

� Consumption results

� Baseline March 2005

� Baseline 600,995 kwh

� Sensors July/August 2005

� Sensors 87,333 kwh

� Savings 513,662 kwh

� % Savings 85.5 %

The Delivery – Case Study

� Demand results

� Evening Peak Demand Reduction

� Weekday 43%

� Saturday 88%

� Sunday 86%

� Total Savings over 10 years

� R 22,285,009

The Delivery – Case Study

� Environmental/Social impact� Saved kwh kwh 513,662

� Support 1,027 low income families� Water saved l 652,351

� Support 429 people� Coal usage kg 251,694� Ash produced kg 68,122� S02 emissions kg 3,883� NOx emissions kg 1,824� C02 emissions kg 457,159

� Remove 2,167 cars from our roads� Every Month!

Environmental and Social Impact

� Total cost: R1,089,870

� Total sensors: 507

� ROI: 36 months

The Cost – Case Study

� Occupancy sensor-based lighting control system at Dimension Data Campus facility in Bryanston:

� Functions as promised

� M&V’d savings

� Cost effective

� ROI of 36 months, > 12 years on lease

� Positive environmental and social benefits

� Long-term savings as electricity costs rise

Conclusion