kawar lake bird sanctuary--02 (2)

8/2/2019 Kawar Lake Bird Sanctuary--02 (2)

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KAWAR LAKE BIRD

SANCTUARYCURRENT STATUS

BY THE

STUDENTS OF BACHLAR OF TOURISM STUDIES

IGNOU, PATNA

NAME-_______________________________________________________

ROLL-________________________________________________________

COURSE CODE-________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE-________________________________________________

REGIONAL CENTRE-_____________________________________________

Mr. Bipin Prasad

BTS

PATNA

BIPIN PRASA


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTCompleting a task is never a one man effort. It is always a

result of invaluable contribution of a number of individuals in a direct or indirectmanner.

The successful culmination of our efforts reminds us of ourdebt towards our venerated guide Dr. ASHA TRIPATI for his invaluable guidanceand encouragement throughout the project. He gave me invaluable advice in thehour of need and provided me with the requisite facilities for the completion ofthe project work.

I would also like to express my gratitude towards Dr. ASHOK GHOSH, whoprovided me all the required information and idea of Kawar Lake as well aspractical environment together with his whole hearted co-operation during theperformance of project work.

Last but not the least, I would like to express my gratitude towards myparents for their blessing and whole hearted supports during the performance ofproject work. Also, I thanks to all my friends for their cooperation and support.

Bipin prasasd


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OBJECTIVES OF THEPROJECT

a. To know about the bird species present and extinct.b. To check the Water quality of KAWAR LAKE, which give adverse effect

on birds?c. To know the physico-chemical analysis of drinking water.d. To create awareness mass and class about water pollution and its ill effects on

birds as well as on their environment.e. To know about people suggestion about bird conservation.


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CONTENT

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

RAMSAR CONVENTION

IMPORTANCE OF WETLANDS

INTRODUCTION OF KAWAR LAKE BIRD SANCTUARY

IMPORTANCE OF LAKE FOR LOCAL RESIDENTIALS

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT AREA

BIODIVERSITY OF KAWAR LAKE BIRD SANATURY

Water quality of kawar lake

Local people suggestion

KAWAR LAKE AS A TOURISM SITE

FINDING AND RESULT

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

REFERENCE


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GENERAL INTRODUCTIONWetlands are those areas inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency

and duration sufficient to support and that, under normal circumstances, do support aprevalence of vegetation typically adopted for life in saturated soil conditions.

Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar

areas. In general wetlands are areas of land that remains waterlogged for a substantial

period of a year. Wetlands are also home to a large range of birds, mammals,

amphibians, fish, insects, crustaceans and reptiles; and a variety of medicinal plant

species used by the rural masses to treat many kinds of disorders. Some of the best

known species that have therapeutic values include pistia (Pistia stratiotes), tholkuri

(Hydrocotyle asiatica) and kesuti (Eclipta alba). Pistia, for instance, has been used for

centuries to cure skin diseases, dysentery and asthma.

According to Ramsar Convention definition

Under the Ramsar international wetland conservation treaty, wetlands are defined as

follows:Article 1.1: "...wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural

or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh,

brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does

not exceed six meters."

Article 2.1: "[Wetlands] may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the

wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide

lying within the wetlands".

Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of

all ecosystem Wetlands have also been described as Eco tones, providing a transition

between dry land and water bodies Mitsch and Gosselink write that wetlands exist "...at the

interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems, making them inherently

different from each other, yet highly dependent on both.


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IMPORTANCE OF

WETLANDSWetlands have played a crucial role in human history;

major stages in the evolution of life itself probably took place in nutrient rich coastal

waters. Some of its benefits for environment are as following:-

(1) Flood control

(2) Binding of the vegetation

(3) Stabilization of banks and shores

(4) Groundwater recharge

(5) Deposition of rich nutrients for aquatic fertility

(6) Immobilization and transformation of a wide range of environmental

contaminants

(7) Sink for various contaminants as NITRATE.

(8) Decomposition of complex compounds to simpler ones.


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Economically, too, the lake is significant because it yields about two tons of fish every day

and is the single biggest source of irrigation in the area. The wetland is used simultaneously

for rice cultivation, fishing, and many other uses. In 1986, Kabar Tal was declared a

protected area. There is threat because of reclamation of land for agriculture and excessive

removal of biomass by human population. The lake is threatened by pollution and effluents

released by the local habitants.

Recently national committee on wetlands, mangroves and coastal reefs identified 24

wetlands of national importance .among them MAP(Management action plan) for 10 siteshas been prepared, Kabar Lake is also included in this list.

IMPORTANCE OF KABARLAKE FOR

LOCAL RESIDENTIALSThe Kawar Lake has a vital importance for the local residential as the lake is used by them

through several aspects. One of the most important faces of the use is its role in agriculture.

The lake is used for irrigation purpose, since the water has high nutrient content in theform of organic matters. The lake is also used by the people for daily uses of water such as

for washing, bathing and other sanitation purposes. Sometimes the water is used even for

drinking purpose by the poor sahnis (fishermans),because in summer days when thesahnis working in the fields feels thirst, they dig a small ditch in which the water is

collected through seepage and the water is used to quench the thirst.

Since the lake is enriched with nutrient, the encroached part of the lake in which the

farming has started is very fertile resulting a good crop production. Sometimes seeds ofsome aquatic plants are also used as a food by local peoples.


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INTRODUCTION OF THE

PROJECT AREA

The lake Kawar (2530 and 8610 E) is one of the important fresh water lakes in eastern

India spreading over an area of 67.37 sq. km (Bihar Govt., 1999) in the district Begusarai

under the block Cheriabariapur and Bakhari of Central Bihar (previously north Bihar)

During rainy season water from the adjoining villages viz. Jaimanglagarh, Rajour, Parora,

Narainpur, Sonbarsa, Kumbhi.

The lake is surrounded by the river Burigandak in the west and south, the N.E. Railway

line from Samastipur to Khagaria in the north and east. It is situated at about 22 km north

from Begusarai town. In the south-east corner of the lake there is an island, locally called

Jaimanglagarh famously known as MONKEY ISLAND which covering an area of about sq. km and on the west of the Kawar there is another chaur called Nagree Jheel The lake

has been formed due to cut of meander of the river Burigandak and occurred in the

extensive plains of deep alluvial field Mean rainfall ranges from 1000-1800 mm.

BIODIVERSITY OF LAKE& SANATURYThe kabar lake has very rich ecological diversity of plants, birds and fishes and some

common animals. About 106 macrophytes, phytoplanktons and hydrophytes were also

found. Among 106 species of birds known, about 60 were of migratory birds and rest was

common or local species. while in macrophytes about 120 species were known in and

around the lake.In hydrophytes ICORNIA, Nymphaea nouchali Burm, Nymphaea pubescens wild etc. are

abundant.

Instead of some local trees, inland bushes, grasses Some big trees are also found in

abundance such as Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) and Sisso (Dalbergia sissoo) with in the

Jaimanglagarh island planted by forest department. These trees are sometimes useful for the


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birds as they use it for shelter. In kawar lake there are also some common varieties of

fishes, insects and molluscs etc. Although the area of the lake has shrinked due to

encroachment of land for agricultural and residential purposes which is impacting the

organisms adversely, and due to several interventions by human activities to their life cycle

some of them are threatened. There was a time when this lake was also economically

significant for the local stakeholders as the lake was used for the production of

makhana(foxnut) and singhara(water chestnut). The local stakeholder also gets benefitfrom fishing because the lake is productive and has a wide range of varieties of fishes which

is consumed into the local market.

Following are the picture of2004 Above are the picture of 2011


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SL NO. NAME OF THE PLANTS FAMILY

1. Hydrilla verticillata Royle Hydrocharitaceae

2. Vallisneria spiralis L. Hydrocharitaceae

3. Caldesia oligococca Buch. Alismataceae

4. Polygonum plebejum R. Br Polygonaceae

5. Peristrophae bicaliculata Acanthaceae6. Cyanodon dactylon Poaceae

7. Hygroryza aristata Nees ex Wt. Poaceae

8. Phragmites vallatoria (L.) Veld. Poaceae

9. Najas minor Allioni Najadaceae

10. Aeschynomene aspera L. Fabaceae

11. Ipomoea aquatica Forss. Convolvulaceae

12. Nymphoides indica (L.) Kurz. Menyanthaceae

13. Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kurz. Menyanthaceae

14. Oryza rufipogon Griff. Poaceae

15. Utricularia aurea Lour Lentibulariaceae

16. Utricularia exoleta R. Br. Lentibulariaceae17. Aponogeton natans (L.) Engl ex Krause. Aponogetonaceae

18. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Hydrocharitaceae

19. Polygonum barbatum L. Polygonaceae

20. Leersia hexandra Sw. Poaceae

21. Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash Poaceae

22. Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae

23. Pseudographis brunoniana Poaceae

24. Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland. Poaceae

25. Hygrophylla spinosa Andr. Acanthaceae

26. Limnophila indica (L.) Druce Scrophulariaceae

27. Cyperus platylis R. Br. Cyperaceae

28. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Ceralophyllaceae

29. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Poaceae

30. Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Compositae/ Asteraceae

31. Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae

32. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Solanaceae

33. N. tabacum L. Solanaceae

34. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Grume Verbenaceae

35. Alternanthera philoxeroides Grisebach. Amaranthaceae.

36. A. sessiles R. Br. Amaranthaceae.

37. Cannabis sativa Cannabinaceae38. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. Nymphaeaceae.

39. Nymphaea pubescens willd. Nymphaeaceae.

40. Ludwiga adsendens Hara Onagraceae

41. Abutilon indica Malvaceae

42. Nelumbo nucifera Gaerthen Nelumbona Ceae.

43. Eichhorria crassipes Solm-Laub. Pontedeniaceae

44. Pistia stratiodes Araceae


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45. Spirodella polyrhiza (L.) Schl. Lemnaceae.

46. Coccinia indica

47. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae.

48. Spilanthus calva A. P. decandole Asteraceae.

49. Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae

50. Commelina diffusa Burman. Commelinaceae51. Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl. Cyperaceae

52. Potamogeton crispus Putemofetrnace

53. P. nodosus

54. Azolla bipinnata R. Br. Azollaceae

55. Salvinia natans (L.) Allione Salviniaceae

In addition to this some chars are also found which provide

nesting facility to birds,some common waterfowls of kawar lake are-

1) Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruticollis

2) Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

3) Indian cormorant P. fuscicollis

4) Little cormorant P. niger

5) Grey heron Fulica atra and several others.

6) Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruticollis

7) Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

8) Indian cormorant P. fuscicollis

9) Little cormorant P. niger

Grey heron Fulica atra and several others. Species of birds were found in these region

spreaded over 6737 hectares, in addition to this a diverse range of trees,


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O.Bird name ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES BINOMIAL NAME

Little grebe Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus T. ruficollis Tachybaptus rufico

Indian shag Podicipediformes Phalacrocoracidae phalacrocoracidae P. fuscicollis Phalacrocorax fusci

Little cormorant Podicipediformes Phalacrocoracidae Microcarbo M. niger Microcarbo niger

Large cormorant Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax P. carbo Phalacrocorax carbo

Grey heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea A. cinerea Ardea cinerea

Purple heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea A. purpurea Ardea purpurea

Little green heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Butorides B. virescens Butorides virescens

Indian pend heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardeola A. grayii Ardeola grayii

Cattle egrat Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Bubulcus B. ibis Bubulcus ibis0 Large egrat Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea A. alba Ardea alba

1 Smaller or madia egrat Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea A. intermedia Ardea intermedia

2 Little egrat Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta E. garzetta Egretta garzetta

3 Indian reef heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta E. gularis Egretta gularis

4 white bellied heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea A. insignis Ardea insignis

5 Little bittern Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus I. minutus Ixobrychus minutus

6 Chestnut bittern Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus I. cinnamomeus Ixobrychus cinnamo

7 Black bittern Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus I. flavicollis Ixobrychus flavicolli

8 Yellow bittern Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus I.sinensis Ixobrychus sinensis

9 Night heron Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Nycticorax N. nycticorax Nycticorax nycticora

0 White necked stork Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia C.episcopus Ciconia episcopus

1 Adjutant stock Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Leptoptilos L. dubius Leptoptilos dubius

2 Black necked stork Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus E. asiarticusEphippiorhynchus

asiaticus

3 White lbis Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Threskiornis T. aethiopicus Threskiornis aethio

4 Indian black lbis Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Pseudibis P. papillosa Pseudibis papillosa

5 Large whistling teal Anseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna D. bicolor Dendrocygna bicolo

6 Large whistling teal Anseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna D. javanica Dendrocygna javan

7 Cotton teal Anseriformes Anatidae Nettapus N. coromandelianusNettapus

coromandelianus

8 Conb duck Anseriformes Anatidae Sarkidiornis S. melanotos Sarkidiornis melano

9 Black winged kite Accipitriformes Accipitridae Elanus E. caeruleus Elanus caeruleus

0 Pariah kite Falconiformes Accipitridae Milvus M. migrans Milvus migrans

1 Brahminy kite Falconiformes Accipitridae Haliastur H. indus Haliastur indus

2 Indian shikra Falconiformes Accipitridae Accipiter A. badius Accipiter badius

3 White-eyed buzzard-eagle Falconiformes Accipitridae Butastur B. teesa Butastur teesa

4 Greater spotted eagle Falconiformes Accipitridae Buteoninae A. clanga Aquila clanga5 Pallass fishing eagle Falconiformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus H. leucoryphus Haliaeetus leucorph

6 Indian white backed vulture Accipitriformes Accipitridae Gyps G. bengalensis Gyps bengalensis

7 Indian scavenger vulture Accipitriformes Accipitridae Neophron N. percnopterus Neophron percnopt

8 Crested serpent eagle Accipitriformes Accipitridae Spilomis S. cheela Spilornis cheela

9 White breased waterhen Gruiformes Rallidae Amauromis A. phoenicurns Amauronis phoenic

0 Water cock Gruiformes Rallidae Gallicrex G. cinerea Gallicrex cinerea

1 Indian moorhen Gruiformes Rallidae Gallicrex G. chloropus Gallinula chloropus

2 Purple moorhen Gruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio P. porphyrio Porphyrio porphyrio

3 Pheasant-tailed jacana Charadriformes Jacanidae Hydrophasianus H.chirurgus Hydrophasianus chi

4 Redwaffled lapuing Charadriformes Charadriidae Vanellus V. indicus Vanellus indicus

5 Great gested grehe Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Porphyrio P. cristatus Podiceps cristatus

6 Great bittern Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Botaurus B. stellaris Botaurus stellaris

7 Open bill stork Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Anastomus A. oscitans Anastomus oscitans8 Glossy ibis Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis P. falcinellus Plegadis falcinellus

9 Eurasian spoonbill Pelecaniformes Threskiornithidae Platalea P. leucorodia Platalea leucorodia

0 Greylag Goose Anseriformes Anatidae Anser A. anser Anser anser

1 Bar-headed goose Anseriformes Anatidae Anser A. indicus Anser indicus

2 Bateaded Goose Anseriformes Anatidae Tadoma T. ferruginea Tadorna ferruginea

3 Pintail Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. acuta Anas acuta

4 Common teal Anseriformes Anatinae Anas A. crecca Anas crecca

5 Spot bill duck Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. poecilorhyncha Anas poecilorhynch

6 Mallord platyrhyachos Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. platyrhynchos Anas platyrhynchos

BIRDS NAME WHICH FOUND IN KAWAR LAKE


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7 Gadwall Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. strepera Anas strepera

8 Wigeon Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. penelope Anas penelope

9 Gerganey Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. querquedula Anas querquedula

0 Shovellor Anseriformes Anatidae Anas A. clypeata Anas clypeata

1 Red gested poachard Anseriformes Anatidae Netta N. rufina Netta rufina

2 Common poachard Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya A. ferina Aythya ferina

3 White eved poachard Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya A. nyroca Aythya nyroca

4 Tufted duck Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya A. fuligula Aythya fuligula

5 Sea up duck Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya A. marila Aythya marila

6 Pale harrier Falconiformes Accipitridae Circus C. macrourus Circus macrourus

7 Marsh harrier Falconiformes Accipitridae Circus C. aeruginosus Circus aeruginosus

8 Eastern pergime Falconiformes Falconidae Falco F. peregrinus Falco peregrinus

9 Indian water rail Gruiformes Rallidae Rallus R. aquaticus Rallus aquaticus

0 Spotted crake Gruiformes Rallidae Porzana P. porzana Porzana porzana

1 Coot Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica F. atra Fulica atra

2 Curlew Charadriformes Scolopacidae Numenius N. arquata Numenius arquata

3 Tringa hypoleucos Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Actitis A.hypoleucos Actitis hypoleucos

4 Tringa stagnatilis Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa T.stagnatillis Tringa stagnatilis

5 Gallinago gallinago Charadriiformes Scolopacidae

6 Calidris temminckii Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris C.temminckii calidris temminckii

7 Glareola pratincola Charadriiformes Glareolidae Glareola G. pratincola Glareola pratincola

8Larus brunnicephalus Charadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus C. brunnicephalus

Chroicocephalus

brunnicephalus

9 Chlidonias hybridus Chardriiformes Stenidae Chlidonias C.hybridus chlidonias hybridus

0 Gelochelidon nilotica Chardriiformes Stenidae Gelochelidon G.nilotica Gelochelidon nilotic

1 Sterna hirundo Chardriiformes Stenidae Stema S.hirundo Sterna hirundo

2 Asio flammeus Strigiformes Strigidae Asio A.flammeus Asio flammeus

3 Hirundo rustica Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo H.rustica Hirundo rustica

4 Lanius collurio Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius L.collurio Lanius collurio

5 Culicicapa caylonensis Passeriformes Stenostiridae Culicicapa C.ceylonensis Culicipapa caylonen

6 Phylloscopus callybita Passeriformes Phylloscopidue Phylloscopus P.collybita phylloscopus callyb

7 Phoenicurus ochruros Passeriformes Muscicapidae Phoenicurus P.ochruros phoenicuurus ochru

8 Anthus hodgsoni Passeriformes Motacillidae Antus A.hodgsoni Anthus hodgsoni

9 Anthus novaeseelandiae Passeriformes Motacillidae Antus A.novaesselandiae Anthus novaeseelan0 Motacilla cinerea Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla M. cinerea Motacilla cinerea

1 Motacilla alba Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla M.alba Motacilla alba

2 Motacilla flava Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla M.flava Motacilla flava


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Some Birds in Region,which are Endangered,Vulnerable and Threatened

Critically Endangered

Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis)

Long-billed Vulture (Gyps indicus)

Vulnerable

Greater Adjutant(Leptoptilos dubiu)

Greater Spotted Eagle(Aquila clanga)

Lesser Kestrel(Falco naumanni)

Sarus Crane (Grus antigone)

Near Threadtened

Darter Anhinga (melanogaster)

Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala)

Black-bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda


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WATER QUALITY OF

KAWAR LAKEAs I have mentioned that the lake is facing drought this year so, I am unable water samplefor test. but I have some data of previous which I am mentioning below.PERCENTAGE OF COVERING AREA:

About 50% of the total area is covered in two different seasons. The lake is divided into

five sectors. Sector-1 (S

1) is represent Jaimanglagarh, S-2 is opposite of Jaimanglagarh, S-3 isBanderi, S-4 is Parora and S-5 is Guabarighat.

STUDY OF PHYSICOCHJEMICAL PARAMETER:

Air temperature, water temperature, water pH, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, carbonate, total

hardness and in case of soil pH, Organic carbon, phosphate, potassium, nitrogen are consideredfor study.

WATER:

Seasonal changes of water quality are also variable. In summer the pH is maximum andin winter it is minimum. Ammonium content is high in winter, nitrate and nitrite is also

high in summer. Carbonate hardness is maximum in winter. Dissolve oxygen is more orless same in both winter and summer season.

During summer the pH of water is maximum in sector-4 (S-4) and minimum in S-1.Nitrate is higher in S-1 & S-4 and minimum in S-2 & S-3. Nitrite is same at all the

sectors. Total hardness is minimum in S-2 and higher in S-3, phosphate content isunchangeable, carbonate is maximum in S-4. Dissolve oxygen is maximum at S-2 and

minimum at S-4.


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Table: 1.

PARAMETRE S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

pH 7 8.2 7.3 8.5 7

Ammonium

0 mg/l 0.1 mg/l 0.2 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.1 mg/l

Nitrate

40 mg/l 50 mg/l 50 mg/l 80 mg/l 65 mg/l

Nitrite

0.01 mg/l 0.025 mg/l 0.025 mg/l 0.04 mg/l 0.027 mg/l

Total hardness

0.7 mg/l 0.9 mg/l 1.2 mg/l 1 mg/l 0.7 mg/l

PO4


Carbonate hardness 2.1 mg/l 2.1 mg/l 2.4 mg/l 2.9 mg/l 0.25 mg/lD.O. 7.2 mg/l 6.3 mg/l 6.7 mg/l 6.2 mg/l 6.6 mg/l

Depth 4-7 1-4 8-10 1.5 3.5 3-6

Temperature 26C 26C 23C 27C 25C.

During winter pH is maximum at S-4 and minimum at S-3. Dissolve oxygen is maximum at S-3

and minimum at S-4, nitrate is maximum at S-3 & S-4, nitrite is higher at S-3 and S-2 in

comparable to S-4 & S-5. Total hardness is higher at S-2 followed by S-3, S-4 and S-5. Phosphate

and carbonate hardness of the lake water is maximum at S-4 and S-2 respectively.

Table: 2.

PARAMETRE S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

pH 6.5 6.8 6.2 7.2 7.0Ammonium

0.2 mg/l 0.2 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.2 mg/l

Nitrate

50 mg/l 35 mg/l 30 mg/l 35 mg/l 50 mg/l

Nitrite


Total hardness


PO4


Carbonate hardness 3.2 mg/l 3.2 mg/l 3 mg/l 3.3 mg/l 3.0 mg/l

D.O. 6.5 mg/l 6.5 mg/l 7 mg/l 6.00 mg/l 6.2 mg/l

Depth 6-8 2-5 10-12 2 4.5 4-6.5

Temperature 19C 20C 22C 23C 22C.


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The depth of water is also variable, which are represented as follows:

Table: 3.

SITES SUMMER WINTER RAINY SEASON

S

1 3 5 ft. 5 6 ft. -S 2 1.5 3 ft. 4 5 ft. -S 3 6 10 ft. 8 12 ft. -

S 4 2 3 ft. 3 4 ft. -

S 5 46 ft. 68 ft. -

SOIL: Soil of the lake is usually sandy loam, bottom soil is highly fertile. Soil materials was

collected and tested only in winter season.

The pH of the soil is maximum i.e. highly alkaline at S-4 and minimum i.e. neutral at S-1.

Organic carbon and phosphate are also high at S-4 and minimum at S-1. Availablepotassium is also high at S-4 in comparable to other sectors. Nitrate and ammoniumnitrogen is more or less constant in all other parts except S-4; here it is 8.2 kg/acre and

29.5 kg/acre respectively.

Table: 4.

SITE

pH Nitrate

Nitrogen

Ammonium

Nitrogen

Phosphate

(P204)

Available

Potassium

Organic

Carbon

S 1 7 1.8 kg/acre 5.9 kg/acre 0 45.36 kg/acre 0.5%

S 2 7.5 1.8 kg/acre 5.9 kg/acre 9.7 kg/acre 45.36 kg/acre 0.6%

S 3 8 4.08 kg/acre 8.2 kg/acre 9.7 kg/acre 50 kg/acre 0.7%

S 4 8.5 8.2 kg/acre 29.5 kg/acre 18.14 kg/acre 68.04 kg/acre 0.9%

S - 5 7.5 1.8 kg/acre 6 kg/acre 9.7 kg/acre 43.36 kg/acre 0.7%

n kawar lake there are also some common varieties of fishes, insects and molluscs etc. Although the area of the

ake has shrinked due to encroachment of land for agricultural and residential purposes which is impacting the

organisms adversely, and due to several interventions by human activities to their life cycle some of them are

threatened. There was a time when this lake was also economically significant for the local stakeholders as the

ake was used for the production ofmakhana (foxnut) and singhara (water chestnut). The local stakeholder also

gets benefit from fishing because the lake is productive and has a wide range of varieties of fishes which is

consumed into the local market.


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KAWAR LAKE AS A

TOURISM SITEThe kawar lake bird sanctuary is also a tourism site which is visit by mostly local people

but some time it was visited by foreign tourist. According to status of current kawar Lake

No tourist is come now to visit it because the most of the part of the lake is facing drought.

The number of migratory birds this year is very low due to water loss in the lake. The

tourist came here due to watching the birds in November to march. The site seeing of

kawar lake in this time very beautiful due the colorful birds. There is a temple near the side

of the lake which is known as jai mangala gadh which is very famous so, the people come

here for worship and picnic. Due to these activities lake is also disturbing because it is in

the touch of local people and also due to increase in hunting activities the birds are

decreasing. The site of jai mangala gadh is also famous as MONKEY ISLAND becausethere is lot of monkey present and they looks very nice so, the people goes there for picnic.

There is also an arrangement of guesthouse for the outer tourist.


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FINDINGS AND RESULTS

The extensive agriculture around the lake is showing the current status of lake. The lake isfacing the drought only some water is scattered here and there in patches, where some

fishermans were busy in fishing. We have noticed that in last five to eight years the

colonization of migratory and other aquatic birds in the small wetlands around the lake,

has shown a trend of decrease of the faunistic composition of these birds progressively due

to human interference e.g. The local people of the lake is using the lake for agriculture by

pesticides and this green revolution possible around the lake has been found to affect the

lake ecosystem. It may be the region for the decreasing the number of migratory bird, But

if concern on the result of recent year (2010-11), we have found that there is no bird

available in this region and also lake has shrieked due to low rainfall in 2010 in that area

and the depth of lake is also decreasing in spite of proper care BY FOREST

DEPTARTMENT.

In the silts there are so many dry weeds and other aquatic plant, which

shows that the lake is highly eutrophic in nature.

COMPARISION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS ( 2004 AND 2011)


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CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

We have concluded that the current status of lake is very disappointing, the lake is highly

eutrophic, migratory and aquatic birds are not coming, the lake is being used by local

people for various purposes, the depth of lake is decreasing due to deposition of silt and

water holding capacity of lake is decreasing day by day. The most important and noticeable

point, which needs greater attentions-the loss of bio-biodiversity of lake at faster rates.It

is time policy-makers and scientists woke up to the irreparable destruction taking place in

north Bihar. All this requires a comprehensive survey of the wetland areas, identification of

biodiversity and potentiality of different species; promoting scientific cultivation of the

already cultivated plants, fishes and mollusks; introducing cultivation of potential non-cultivated species for food, fodder and medicinal use; strengthening cooperatives,

establishing more hatcheries and rehabilitation of old ones for assisting fisher folk and

marketing support; and promoting other avenues of employment like need based local agro

industries.

The best way to protect wetlands is not by

legislation but by making people aware of what they stand to lose if this ecosystem

perishes. "An awareness generation program should, therefore, be given top priority,'

says Mishra. Udhuwa Bird Sanctuary Conservation program taken up by Mishra's

Mandar Nature Club is working towards this direction. The general awareness

campaign has changed the fate of the sanctuary. Now the people identify themselves

with the sanctuary and are keen to participate in various conservation activities. But

elsewhere in north Bihar, the picture is not the same


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Following suggestions should be considered for the proper management and conservation

of the precious resources of the lake:-

1) The proper care of the lake should be taken by forest department.

2) There must be an awareness program for local people about importance of lake

and birds in their daily life.

3) The use of pesticides in agriculture near lake should be banned

4) There must be a program for aware local people about utilization of the lake

economically in proper way without harming it.

5) There must be nesting for migratory birds in sanctuary periodically.

6) Hunting and disturbances to the wildlife should be strictly prohibited.

7) Monitoring of all the above activities of suggestions should be done.

REFERENCE(1)LOCAL PEOPLE

(2)Dr. ASHOK GHOSH (EWM, A.N.COLLEGE, PATNA)

(3)WEBSITE

(1)SAEE SOCIETY

(2)www.wikipedia.com

(3) www.google.com

(4) Sustainable Development of kawar lake, Befusarai (North-Bihar, INDIA)

S.P. ROY, RAJA RAMANAND, AMIT KR. PRABHAKAR AND J.P. SINGH

(5) TEXT- BOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DR. S.C SANTRA
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/


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kawar lake bird sanctuary--02 (2)

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