kasaysayan 153.docx

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KASAYSAYAN 153

(HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA I)

DR. TEODORO

SOUTHEAST ASIA

-The naming of the region came from outside.

(i.e. Indonesia came from Greek, Indian Islands+ Nesos )

-Most Chinese writings identify the region asKun-Lun/ Nanyang.

Nanyang means Southern Ocean, South Seaand literally means Southern Foreign, SouthernBarbarian (Southern Barbarian are for non-Chinese.)

-This was opposite from Pei-yang which meansNorthern Foreign, Northern Barbarian (referredto as Northern Barbarian were Mongols andTurks)

- Yang includes a radical root for water. Used toplaces the Chinese associated with the sea orseawater.

PETER BOOMGARD

-An American with Dutch surname.

-Authored “World of Water” (2007) which isabout rains, rivers, seas in Southeast Asianhistory.

.Southeast Asia was exposed to the sea.

-Nanyang was accessible to political, economicand cultural influences.

-It was a crossroads of many different influencesbeing exercised at the same time.

-India and China have influenced Southeast Asiafor hundreds of years.

-Southeast Asia is culturally distinct from Indiaand China.

-Nanyang was brought from coastal provincesChina especially Kwantung and Fukien and fthe Malay Archipelago: Malaysia, Indones ia

and Phi l ippines (MAPHILINDO).

-But not for non accessible Burma/Laos

-If one links the notion of water and notion ofSoutheast Asia, the sea as the “ place ofassociation”.

-Indonesia, Philippines and Peninsular Malaysalmost entirely surrounded by it.

-While most countries of Southeast Asia havevery long stretches of coast with very long/ totasurface area particularly Vietnam.

- it lies between two great economic powersAsia: India and China which are vast and

complex centers of production and consumptiogenerating a surplus of manufactured goodssuch as art objects ( considered ascommodities)

i.e

Buddha Statues

Ceramics

Textiles: Cotton (India) and Silk (China)

Metalware

-While offering a healthy market for the exotic

coming from the forest of Southeast Asia

Pearl

Sulu Mats

Pottery

Rhinoceros’ Horn-used as an aphrodisiaComing from Sumatra, Indonesia.

-Exchange of networks/ trade is highly valuedbecause of the potent force of accumulatioin owealthand acted as hubs for the spread of

knowledge and ideas

-Romans called China as Seres (latin word for“Silk”)

-Trade routes served as communicationsnetwork along which materials traveld to spreaartistic innovation.

-Religious figures and images maybe barteredand therefore may become models for artisansto copy and modify.



Japanese called the region, Nampo whichmeans “Southern Territory”

Ptolemy described the Peninsular Malaysia,2000 years ago, as the “Golden Chersonese”,because of its legendary gold deposits ( now tinfrom Malaysia ).

Older books about Southeast Asia designated itvariously mostly in reference to either China andIndia with the concept of “Great Tradit ion s ”and does not even include Japan. The rest are“Lesser Lands” .

( Japan was considered as the sattellite cultureof China)

-Eurocentrism/ Asiancentrism are not usedtoday.

The British, French and Indian scholars calledit “Farther India”(Little India) or “Little China”

( Indochina).

GEORGES COEDES

-Geographic area called “Farther India” consistsof Indochinese peninsula ( India beyond theGanges)

-Neocolonialism was invented by Frenchcommunists and later on followed by Malaysiaand Indonesia.

-Including the Malaysian Peninsula, Indonesia/Island Southeast asia except for the Philippinesand Southern Vietnam whose histories do nothave Indian influence.

Indonesia- Bali ( Hindu)

South-East Asia- British (South of China, Eastof India)

Southeast Asia- US

KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE

-“History of the Far East”

- cold war, pro-american published in YaleUniversity (1946)

-place of Southeast Asia in the lesser lands anlesser traditions ( India, China and Japan)

GEORGE CRESSEY

-An american geographer

- authored “Asia’s Lands and People”

-History as a source of continuity. Changesundergo continuity and thus, perspectives evo

-The region called “Indo- Pacific” lies betweentwo oceans and maritime realms ( Philippines included)

SOUTHEAST ASIA

SOUTH of EAST ASIA

SOUTH of NORTHEAST ASIA

EAST of SOUTH ASIA

NORTH of AUSTRALIA

Southeast Asia

-described only during the second world war

-Significant political term only during 1943-the term was assigned to the allied zone of wacommanded by Louis Mountbatten ( British

Admiral)

SOUTHEAST ASIA COMMAND

-Conceived by Louis Mountbatten

-Offshoot of the more traditional India Comman

-But based in Kandy, City of Ceylon ( Sri Lank

Sri Lanka- from Hindu epic Ramayana

Sri-Great, Lanka- from Ramayana: “Great Lan

-Territorial responsibility.Ceylon and Indiaexcluded the East Indies ( Netherland EastIndies: Tropical Bollands) and Philippines



-A response to the fact that a single power(Japan) controlled the Burma stretching to thePhilippines.

-But in Thailand, the military command of LuangPhibun ( Phibul) Songkram allied himself withJapan

-He had to permit Japanese to march insideThailand to invade Burma and submit to theirdemands.

-Phibun took Thailand to assertive Japan andused its power to protect and secure the territoryfrom France. To secure territorial distress.

-After offering a “ Token of Resistance” ,

Thailand joined Japan’s side under Phibun

-Phibun eased from power, August 1944, after

the Pacific War ( bombing of Hiroshima andNagasaki)

-detained as a war criminal for several monthsbut was then rehabilitated by the Americans

-Then he showed as a pro-american and evenrestored as an army commander.

Artemio Ricarte, pro-Japan; anti-American

-died in 1964. He used to be a field marshall andentered a monastery.

Lanka is older than Ceylon

Ceylon is a source of cinnamon (in 16th century,it was named as the “Land of Cinnamon” )

Ramayana is originally Sanskrit

India- Hindustani and Bharata

Ancient- Hindu period

Medieval- Moslem period

Upper Volta-Burkina Faso

Burma-Myanmar

D.G.E Hall

Former british colonial servant

- “History of Southeast Asia” (1955) - Southeast Asia concept is “normalized”

(Philippines is not included in 1st edition1955)

- Philippines lay outside the region’smainstream historical developments(Indianization)

- Not used today- Successive editions-Philippines justified

by themes of Imperialism and Colonialis

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

-1955-19 (Cold war)

-Philippines included (Philippines was a key

player then)-Institutional expression collective defense

treaty

-Manila pact (1954)

Member:

United Kingdom/British

United States of America

France

Pakistan Philippines

Thailand

*where Bangoko is the headquarters

- A USA inspired organization’s foundation

John Foster Dulles

kasaysayan 153.docx

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