karimunjawa...karimun and kemujan island serve as the main economic and transportation hubs. the...

OCTOBER 2019

Karimunjawa

FINAL REPORT

OCTOBER 2019

4 KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE 5KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE

Acknowledgement KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVEOCTOBER 2019

This document is a baseline qualitative insight that can serve as a tool for strategic planning purposes in the development of a community-based Islandscape vision for Karimunjawa. The report was developed through a participatory process - with the aim of gathering deep local insights about the development of Karimunjawa whilst simultaneously building a shared vision.

This report was developed by Yayasan Kota Kita with the support and expertise of number of people and organizations: Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (Sutris Haryanta), Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia Karimunjawa (through Muslikhan, Tomi Ashari, Ubaid, Andreas, Amrullah and many more), the District Government of Karimunjawa, The Village Government of Karimun, Kemujan, Parang and Nyamuk, Wildlife Conservation Society (Pantok and Jamal), Yayasan Pitulikur Pulo, Yayasan Akar, community associations (Paguyuban Diver and Paguyuban Homestay, Women’s group association, waste bank community, fishermen communities), community leaders, and lastly, Naraya Sulisto and Ellie Lovett (individual expert on ecotourism development) for contributions of ideas, inputs and critique in the development of the community-based initiatives. We would like to also thank the local communities of Karimunjawa who have participated in the series of discussions on the future of Karimunjawa.

Lastly, we hope that this document could serve as a tool for strategic planning purposes in the development of a community-based Islandscape vision for Karimunjawa which present collectively-identified opportunities that can leverage the local potential of Karimunjawa in a more environmentally and economically sustainable manner.

Karimunjawa

KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE6 7

ContentsCHAPTER 1 - THE INITIATIVE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 KARIMUNJAWA AT A GLANCE

1.3 WHY KARIMUNJAWA?

1.4 BUILDING TOGETHER: A PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

CHAPTER 2 - KEY SECTORAL ISSUES2.1 SENSE OF PLACE

2.2 COMMUNITY ECONOMIES

2.3 INFRASTRUCTURE: WASTE, WATER AND ENERGY

2.4 LAND OWNERSHIP AND ZONING

2.5 CONSERVATION: FROM RIDGE TO REEF

2.6 FOOD AND PRODUCTIVITY

2.7 MATERIALS AND FLOWS

2.8 GOVERNANCE

CHAPTER 3 - TOURISM ECOSYSTEM3.1 STAKEHOLDER MAP / THE WORKFLOW OF THE TOURISM ECOSYSTEM

3.2 CURRENT ATTRACTIONS

3.3 TYPICAL PACKAGED TRIP

3.4 TOURISM MARKET ANALYSIS

1012

16

18

20

2426

28

36

42

46

52

56

58

6264

68

72

74

CHAPTER 4 - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODELSCASE STUDIES

CHAPTER 5 - ISLANDCAPE FRAMEWORK: A VISIONISLANDSCAPE VISION

CHAPTER 6 - OPPORTUNITIES6.1 SECURING THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDSCAPE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

6.2 A CIRCULAR ECONOMY OF WASTE

6.3 EXPANDING FOOD CULTURE BY IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY

6.4 INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE: INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION AND MULTI-

STAKEHOLDER ARRANGEMENTS

ANNEXANNEX 1 - EXISTING INITIATIVES IN KARIMUNJAWA

ANNEX 2 - FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FDG) NOTES

ANNEX 3 - LIST OF INTERVIEWEES

ANNEX 4 - STAKEHOLDER MAPPING: GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION

7678

8688

9098

104

114

122

128130

132

134

135


APBDes Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa, village government budget

BAPPEDA Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, regional development planning

agency

BTN Balai Taman Nasional, national authority responsible for Karimunjawa national

parks, mainly responsible for conservation efforts

CSOs Civil Society Organizations

DD Dana Desa, village budget allocated from National Government

DISBUDPAR Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, department of tourism and culture

FGD Focus Group Discussion

HPI Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia, tour guide association

KSPN Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional, national strategic tourism destination

NGO Non-Government Organization

PAD Pendapatan Asli Daerah, local revenue

PKK Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, women group existed at the neighbour-

hood to city level

POSYANDU Pos Pelayanan Terpadu, community health center for children care

PUSKESMAS Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, community health center

RPJMD Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah, City or regional medi-

um-development plan

Acronyms & Abbreviations

RTRW Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah, City or regional spatial plan

RT Rukun Tetangga, a lowest administrative unit of an Indonesian neighbourhood

covering around 20-30 households

RW Rukun Warga, a territorial and administrative ordering system above RT level

SD Sekolah Dasar, elementary school

SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama, junior-high school

SMA Sekolah Menengah Atas, senior-high school

WCS Wildlife Conservation Society, a non-government organization working on natu-

ral conservation issues in Karimunjawa

KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE 11

The InitiativeChapter 1

PARANG ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

The recent growth of Karimunjawa as a nature-based mass tourism destination presents an opportunity for development but also raises concern regarding the long-term sustainability of the islands. This scenario is the primary motivator in conducting this participatory action research. This chapter establishes the background of the initiative, the methodology and a brief overview of Karimunjawa.


1.1 IntroductionKarimunjawa is a cluster of islands and atolls north of

Central Java with latent potential for sustainable tourism-

based development, much like other island-based

hotspots in Indonesia. With an attractive landscape

and nascent tourism market, there is an opportunity to

develop a more cohesive environmentally sustainable and

culturally meaningful tourism industry that not only co-

exists but actively participates in the landscapes’ potential.

In 2015, Karimunjawa was targeted as part of a national

strategic development plan for tourism - Kawasan

Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN).This national

program is motivated by an economic development

campaign largely dependent upon the development and

establishment of the tourism sector in designated sites.

In islandscapes like Karimunjawa, the temptation is to only

focus on the tourism industry - accommodations, services

and attractions. However, it is important to recognize

that tourism is a catalyst and serves as one of many

pieces leading to regional development. Tourism cannot

operate in isolation and requires simultaneous investment

into local human resources, micro and small medium

enterprises, cultural components and supplementary

commodities - to create a diverse economy that will have

a compound impact on the development of a region.

There is a need to understand the local context, the

existing characteristics of the communities, history

and sense of place, socio-economic activities, values

and more importantly landscape aspirations. More

broadly, how does Karimunjawa develop itself as a

robust and resilient region - coupling conservation with

human development - avoiding the pitfalls of ad-hoc and

overexploited exotic island destinations. Furthermore,

how does Karimunjawa plan for achieving alternative

development pathways whilst allowing for consistent

economic improvement.

This document, Karimunjawa: A Community-based

Islandscape Initiative, provides baseline qualitative insight

that can serve as a tool for strategic planning purposes

in the development of a community-based Islandscape

vision for Karimunjawa. The action research was conducted

through participatory processes - with the aim of gathering

deep local insights about the development of Karimunjawa

whilst simultaneously building a shared vision. During

the six months of action research, we have engaged with

a wide range of stakeholders from government, private

sector operators and investors, community groups and

community leaders in all four main islands / villages. In

so doing, we begun a learning process to understand

the history, challenges, and transformation dynamics

in Karimunjawa as well as collectively identifying the

opportunities that can leverage the local potential of

Karimunjawa in a more environmentally and economically

sustainable manner.

SOUTH COAST OF KARIMUN ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

This document, Karimunjawa: A Community-based Islandscape Initiative, is a baseline qualitative research that could serve as a tool to inform the development of a strategic plan for community-based development in Karimunjawa.

MAIN COMPONENTS

The following are five main components of the action research, which include community engagement, desk-based study, spatial analysis and development of initiatives and roadmap.

LOCAL COMMUNITY COLLABORATION1 ECOSYSTEM

MAPPING2 SPATIAL ANALYSIS3 ALTERNATIVE

DEVELOPMENT MODEL

4 AN INTEGRATED INITIATIVE5

A local inquiry into the existing communities of Karimunjawa delving into their local customs, livelihoods, potentials, resources and assets.

Current islandscape stakeholders were mapped based upon levels of engagement, interests and interactions. The tourism ecosystem was placed under examination as an emerging and dominating contributor to the local economy.

A qualitative spatial assessment of the social, economic, cultural and environmental dynamics of Karimunjawa.

An accumulation of existing island-based, community oriented development models were analysed and applied to the local Karimunjawa Islandscape context.

The results gathered were synthesised into an integrated roadmap for the Karimunjawa Islandscape to engage directly with. This activity also included dissemination plans, partnership development and implementation of findings.


TOURISM ACTIVITIES

1.2 Karimunjawa at a GlanceThe islands of Karimunjawa are located about 80 kilometers northwest of Jepara, a small town in Central Java. Amongst the 27 islands in Karimunjawa, only five of the larger islands are inhabited. Karimun and Kemujan island serve as the main economic and transportation hubs. The other 22 islands are relatively small with an average area of 19 hectares per island, uninhabited, relatively untouched, with fringing beaches of tremendous potential. However, the majority of the islands are already privately owned.

Administratively, Karimunjawa is one district (called Kecamatan Karimunjawa), consisting of four villages (Desa Karimun, Kemujan, Parang and Nyamuk). Apart from the common administrative structure, there is also a presence of the national authority in Karimunjawa through the National Park Bureau (Balai Taman Nasional - BTN). The islandscape has been designated as a National Park since 1999 demarcating both forests, mangrove zones, beaches and coral reefs. This designation means that the area is managed and protected as a conservation area in order to preserve the marine natural ecosystem, as well as serving other functions in supporting knowledge production and education amongst

marine ecosystems, cultivation and recreation. As a national park, the area is managed by zones: a core zone; forest and marine protection’ marine tourism; land cultivation; marine cultivation; rehabilitation; sociocultural zone; and traditional fishing zone. Tourism activities include snorkelling and diving which are allowed in certain areas within the marine tourism zone, as long as it upholds the eco-friendly principles as outlined by the authority.

Tourism activities in Karimunjawa grew slowly since the 1990s, but the exponential rise began around 2010, when the first airline service was launched. In 2015, the Department of Tourism of Central Java Province listed Karimunjawa as one of four national strategic tourism destinations within Central Java.

Tourism activities in Karimunjawa largely centers around marine-based activities, such as snorkelling, diving, and island hopping. Its; clear waters, coral reefs and natural beaches a the biggest draw. According to the Department of Tourism, the number of tourist visits in Karimunjawa has almost doubled in five years between 2014 to 2018- from 79,750 to 137,835 people. Local tourists account for 94% of visitors.

BOAT DOCK IN NYAMUK ISLAND (2019)

Although the rise of tourism has provided ample economic opportunities, Karimunjawa’s economy traditionally relies heavily on fishing. Majority of the Karimunjawa population derives their main income sources from both fishing and the tourism sector. The work vacillates along with the seasons.

While Karimunjawa has a relatively small population of 9,514 people, it is very diverse. Some locals recount that ‘Karimunjawa is Indonesia’, as there are six different ethnicities (Jawa, Bugis, Madura, Buton, Bajo and Mandar) currently living in harmony.

Karimunjawa has been designated as a national park since 1999. This means, the area is managed and protected by Balai Taman Nasional as a conservation area in order to preserve the marine natural ecosystem.

STATICTICS

THE AREA

# AREA

# OF ISLANDS

# OF INHABITED

ISLANDS

# OF KECAMATAN

# OF VILLAGES

RW / RT

71,2 km2

27 islands

5 islands (Karimun,

Kemujan, Parang,

Nyamuk, Genting)

1 Kecamatan

4 Villages

15 RW / 54 RT

# POPULATION

# MALE POPULATION

# FEMALE POPULATION

# OF HOUSEHOLDS

ETHNICITIES

9,514

4,795 (50,3%)

4,719 (49,6%)

2,945

6 ethnicities: Java, Bugis,

Madura, Buton, Bajo,

Mandar

# OF VISITORS (2018)

% OF DOMESTIC TOURIST

% OF FOREIGN TOURIST

ANNUAL INCREASE (FROM

2014 to 2018)

137,835 VISITORS

92.5%

7.5%

12.5%

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

KARIMUN AND KEMUJAN LANDSCAPE, TAKEN FROM UJUNG GELAM BEACH (2019)


MAP OF KARIMUNJAWA

N

P. PARANG

P. Kumbang

P. KembarP. Bengkoang

P. Menyawakan

P. Cemara BesarP. Katang

P. NYAMUK

P. Mrico

P. Sintok

Gs. Tengah

P. Cilik

P. KEMUJAN

P. KARIMUN

P. Gundul

P. CendekianP. Tengah

P. Genting

P. Sambangan

P. Seruni

P. Krakal Besar

P. Krakal Kecil

P. Geleang

P. Menjangan KecilP. Burung

P. Cemara Kecil

P. Menjangan Besar

P. Batu

Gs. Seloka

Gs. Selikur

Gs. Kumbang

Karang Besi

Karang Katang

Karang Kapal

Taka Menyawakan

PARANG VILLAGE

NYAMUK VILLAGE

KEMUJAN VILLAGE

KARIMUN VILLAGE6 RWs, 23 RTs, 12 islands, 46.24 km2

5 RWs, 20 RTs, 8 islands, 16.26 km2



27ISLANDS

5 INHABITED

4 VILLAGES

KARIMUN, KEMUJAN, PARANG, NYAMUK

9,514 TOTAL NUMBER OF POPULATION IN 2017

71.2 KM2 TOTAL AREA OF THE ISLANDS

INDONESIA

KARIMUNJAWA

KEY

NYAMUN VILLAGE

KARIMUN VILLAGE

PARANG VILLAGE

KEMUJAN VILLAGE


1.3 Why Karimunjawa?More often than not, the unregulated growth of the tourism industry tends to be in conflict with environmental conservation and long-term sustainability of the site. Increased number of visitors and services can disrupt the ecological balance of the natural environment - and if unmanaged - permanently blemish the beauty of the sites that was meant to be an attraction in the first place. Development of tourism destination often relies on external investment, ad-hoc, often neglecting the long-term impact to the surrounding area, creating further problems like unmanaged waste, water shortage, and socio-economic issues such as the gentrification of local and traditional communities.

Indonesia boasts more than 17,000 islands. Many of the islandscapes are not unlike Karimunjawa - relatively remote, quiet, with long-standing traditions, and communities that have been there for generations. As part of the national agenda, tourism will become a primary engine of Indonesia’s economy. This also means that many of these islandscapes are slated for rapid changes - infrastructure development, new investments, new inhabitants and new visitors. How do we manage change? How do we ensure that the communities can have a voice? More importantly, how do we

work together to uncover new opportunities for a destination?

This research is an opportunity to develop alternative scenarios for Karimunjawa - a prototypical nature-based tourism destination - to create a more sustainable tourism-based development. This assessment focuses on Karimunjawa, considering several factors:• Karimunjawa has latent potential for sustainable

tourism-based development much like other hotspots in Indonesia. With a relatively untouched natural environment and nascent tourism market, there is an opportunity to develop a more cohesive environmentally sustainable and culturally meaningful tourism industry that supports the existing local community.

• Karimunjawa is a fast-growing nature-based tourism destination. Since it was listed as one amongst four KSPN (Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional), or national strategic tourism destinations in Central Java, together with Borobudur, Sangiran and Dieng, the number of tourist visits in Karimunjawa have significantly increased. From 2014 to 2018, the annual increase of tourist visit is 12.5%, with the dominance of domestic tourists visiting from neighbouring Java.

GELEANG ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)


• Karimunjawa’s future is threatened if the development is not well-managed. The increasing trend of tourist visits in Karimunjawa, can be seen as potential as well as a threat to the future of Karimunjawa. The area already faces basic infrastructure and development challenges of waste management and water security. A more comprehensive plan that considers different aspects of development is needed in order to create a well-rounded system to handle high tourist visitation.

• The complexity of stakeholders in Karimunjawa can also become an asset for the establishment of multi-stakeholder mechanisms. Karimunjawa has a wide range of stakeholders from the national authority, village government, business entities, and local communities. This research aims to create a shared vision amongst the differing stakeholder groups as the main unifying point is to facilitate and instill responsible development practices within the Karimunjawa islandscape.


FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) IN KARIMUN VILLAGE (2019)

1.4 Building Together: A Collaborative Approach and Methodology

WHY A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH?In our first visit to Karimunjawa, the place was evidently experiencing rapid changes - its environment, its economy, its people and the sense of place. New construction of hotels and homestays, influx of tourists, shifting employment patterns, land being bought and sold, and more importantly a rapidly changing ecology and environment. There was a consensus in the air - the people of Karimunjawa felt they were by-standers. They were on the sidelines observing

the changes by the government or by the landlords or investors - they feel the ground shifting beneath their feet.

In our journey with the people of Karimunjawa, we discovered many opportunities. Through our process, we found a group called Senang Nandur, who are sharing knowledge about growing productive gardens. We found that the tour guide associations (HPI) are passionate about becoming agents of conservation. These opportunities can be scaled and become truly transformative if it done in concert with the government and private sector with the appropriate form of collaboration.

A collaborative approach is necessary for long term sustainability of a place and it often benefits everybody in the long run. The private sector or hospitality investors cannot operate smoothly without good human resource or simply approval from the community they are in. The government cannot invest in infrastructure if it is unused or rejected, as in the case of their attempt to build a landfill waste bank without community

Engaging different stakeholders in the processes are important in order to create a shared-vision of a more sustainable Karimunjawa in the future. The design and development of Karimunjawa vision should involve local citizens and actors, and tailor local initiatives into a common agreed-shared vision for a robust and resilient Karimunjawa.

consultation. The people cannot improve their livelihoods without better infrastructure or more jobs as families grow.

The participatory process that has been facilitated by Kota Kita aims to gather information about Karimunjawa as well as bridging the process of vision building amongst the stakeholders through a series of activities:

• Interviews with different government agencies at the provincial and regency level (Central Java Province and Kabupaten Jepara) to gather basic information about Karimunjawa.

• 31 in-depth interviews were conducted to local government officials, community leaders, religious leaders, community associations, non-government organisations, business entities, as well as tourists who visited Karimunjawa to understand the complexity of Karimunjawa as well as explore the potential initiative that can be done to improve Karimunjawa.

• 6 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in 4 villages in Karimunjawa: Karimun, Kemujan, Nyamuk and Parang, and one sectoral focus group discussions to bridge the process of vision building amongst the local community in Karimunjawa.

Karimunjawa is shaped by unique and complex set of stakeholders. As these stakeholders have different authorities and operate at different scales and sectors, a method of effectively engaging all of them are important in order to create a vision of a more sustainable Karimunjawa in the future. In this vision building process, we wanted to create a collaborative platform for the disparate stakeholders to voice their opinions, their needs and desires. Ultimately, to get everyone to look ahead towards a place that they all want to be.

The following are the essential steps for how one can go about initiating a collaborative visioning process in a new islandscape. The process may not be linear and have to be reworked depending on the context. Further explanation about this process is elaborated in a separate document titled: How to make a community based islandscape vision.

CHOOSING THE TEAM1 READING THE

LANDSCAPE: SITE SURVEY AND OBSERVATIONS

2 ENGAGING THE STAKEHOLDERS3 BUILD A ROADMAP:

FINDING AND PRIORITIZING OPPORTUNITIES

4 MAKING THE VISION PUBLIC5

HOW TO MAKE A COMMUNITY BASED ISLANDSCAPE VISION?


INTERVIEW WITH SHRIMP POND MANAGER

DISCUSSION WITH COMMUNITY LEADER IN NYAMUK ISLAND

INTERVIEW WITH BPK. HASANUDDIN (FISH BROKER)

INTERVIEW WITH TOUR GUIDE ASSOCIATION (HPI)

INTERVIEW WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN GENTING ISLAND

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) IN KARIMUN VILLAGE

INTERVIEW WITH BPK. ABDULLAH (COMMUNITY LEADER IN KEMUJAN)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) IN PARANG VILLAGE

DISCUSSION WITH VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF PARANG

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) IN KEMUJAN VILLAGE

INTERVIEW WITH BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL AND WCS

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) IN NYAMUK VILLAGE

DISCUSSION WITH BPK TOMI (HPI / FISHERMAN / TOUR GUIDE)

INTERVIEW WITH SERVICE OPERATORS IN UJUNG GELAM BEACH

INTERVIEW WITH VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF KEMUJAN

INTERVIEW WITH CATTLE RANCHER IN LEGON LELE

PARANG ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)


Key Sectoral Issues

KARIMUNJAWA’S FISHERMEN ACTIVITIES (2019)

Chapter 2 This chapter covers the key components of the Karimunjawa islandscape. It is intended to provide a brief overview yet a comprehensive understanding of the local climate of Karimunjawa - ranging from the sense of place, community economies, infrastructure, land ownership and zoning, food and productivity, materials, flows and governance.


2.1 Sense of PlaceDIVERSITY OF PEOPLE Karimunjawa is Indonesia. As a shelter island, it has always been temporary, migratory, and a collection of people from all around the archipelago. It is diverse - with 6 ethnicities living alongside each other. Karimunjawa residents celebrate an annual ritual called Barikan, as a form of gratitude towards the abundance of the land and sea. Recently, the local government and communities have an initiative to revitalize ethnic art and culture such as Bugis martial art, traditional dance, and Javanese gamelan to preserve local culture. Karimunjawa should also celebrate its existing assets - a diverse culture that represents the future of the archipelagic nation promoting sustainability, ecological conservation and development of the sustainable fishing economy.

A PLACE SHAPED BY ITS’ NATURAL ECOSYSTEMKarimunjawa’s relationship to the sun, wind and water is one of the most defining values of the various zones and islands. Apart from the beaches and coral reefs that have been exploited by mass tourism, the islands in fact offer much more. The mangrove and tropical forests, marine-based economies, and productive landscapes of coconuts

and cashews provide the basis for a diverse economic framework. Karimunjawa’s future is relies upon creating a diversity of places and experiences, not a singular idea of a destination centered around merely the beach and reefs.

FISHING AS AN ANCHORFishing culture is a way of life in Karimunjawa. Over the last decade, traditional fishing practices have been influenced by conservation efforts, applying environmentally-friendly fishing techniques such as selective fishing in addition to a ban on the use of poison and explosives. The fishing culture and economy of Karimunjawa could potentially face conflicting pressures from tourism as more beachfronts and reefs are becoming privatized and their traditional uses are being converted. There are opportunities to embrace fishing as an anchor to the local culture and sense of place of the islands.The value added of sustainable fishing experience, sea-to-table meals, and the appreciation of open reefs and open beaches, could become a unique selling point of Karimunjawa. The fishing industry can also grow alongside the tourism industry by creating more value-added products and experiences throughout the island chain.

ALUN-ALUN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

Karimunjawa is Indonesia. Communities from different ethnicities live together in harmony.


The beauty of Karimunjawa’s natural environment attracts visitors yearly.

Food security can drive cultural development.

Fishing as an anchor.

Conservation can be a key component

to the islandscape experience.


Fishing is the primary occupation on the island. With the growth of the tourism industry, there is an opportunity to not only develop human capital in the service sector but also develop other community-based industries that can support the development of the place.

FISHING ECONOMYKarimunjawa is blessed with a rich marine resource. Abundant fish stocks have allowed for a substantial and sustained income source. However in the last few years, there has been a significant economic shift from fishermen to the tourism sector due to the rapid increase of tourism related industries in Karimunjawa. The shift can be characterized as seasonal and flexible rather than permanent due to the nature of the tourism market and weather conditions . Most view this dual job scenario as economic activities that are complementary to each other. The ocean surrounding Karimunjawa boasts several high-value fish species such as grouper, lobster, tuna, mackerel, cob and other marine based species such as seaweed and sea cucumber. In

2018, there were approximately 2,844 fishermen in Karimunjawa. Of those, 778 were owners (or ‘juragan’ in local term), who have access to their own fishing equipment, whilst the remaining 2,066 are tenants (or ‘pandega’ in local term). In this case, pandega are connected to certain juragan. They use the juragan’s fishing equipment, thus, in return, they have to sell the fish that they get to the same juragan. The fish are both exported and sold in the local market. The price of fish in Karimunjawa usually increases during tourist peak season between April to July. Under the KSPN campaign, the efforts from the government have been relatively minimal. They have supported women groups for fish-based food production, but access to market remains the main challenge.

TOURISMThe tourism industry is growing rapidly in Karimunjawa. In some areas like Ujung Gelam, the operators are becoming more sophisticated - offering more amenities and activities. One of the key constraints is local human resource development. Tourism packages, along with the accompanying guides, are typically organized by operators outside of the islands - namely Jepara, Semarang, Jakarta, and even Solo. Local

2.2 Community Economies

SEAFOOD SELLER AT ALUN-ALUN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

communities have an important role in the tourism ecosystem as they act within support functions as tour guides, coordinate car/motorbike rentals, or operating homestays, local convenience stores and or restaurants. While there is ambivalence in the main islands toward the tourism industry, the sentiment in the outer remote islands is much less welcoming, or perhaps a sense of nonchalance as fishing provides adequate livelihood.

AGRICULTUREEven though there is agricultural land, Karimunjawa is relatively dependent upon agricultural products from Java, particularly vegetables, spices, and

fruits. On the main island of Karimunjawa, approximately 12 hectares of agricultural produces approximately 65 tons of rice annually - which feeds an estimate of 333 to 1500 people. Leading local agro-products include cashews, coconuts, seaweed and cassava. However, the land is relatively under-managed and is not being cultivated at its optimal capacity. There are initiatives by local community members to plant vegetables like chili, tomatoes, etc. but the production is not adequate to meet market demands in Karimunjawa. There is significant room to improve food security by optimizing the productive landscape and potential of the lands in Karimunjawa

PERCENTAGE OF KARIMUNJAWA’S POPULATION BASED ON THE LIVELIHOOD

ACTIVITIES IN KARIMUNJAWA MARKET (2019)

PERCENTAGE OF KARIMUNJAWA’S POPULATION BASED ON THE LIVELIHOOD

KARIMUN

KEMUJAN

PARANG

NYAMUK

Agriculture (Fisheries & Crop Farming)

Mining

Industry

Trade

Construction

Transportation

Government, police, military

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

INFORMATION74.05%

82.96%

77.41%

71.84%

1.3%

2.0% 3.0%1.9%

1.9%

1.4%

4% 3.9%

1.8%2.5%

3.4%

15.9%

1.7%

5.2% 5.0% 3.7%

2.6%

4.3%

2.4% 4.9%

11.7% 3.9%

1.9%3.4%

Source: Karimunjawa Dalam Angka (2018)


Boat making is a common economic activity, with wood coming from Kalimantan and boats exported off to the rest of the Indonesian archipelago.

While there have been many attempts to promote local production, access to market remains the biggest hurdle.

Often, the biggest margin goes directly to the business owners from outside Karimunjawa, while the local communities do not

have the ability to directly connect to the market.

It is common for local communities to engage in multiple economic sectors. The most common feature is to become a

fisherman and tour guide.


FISH CRACKER

DRIED SALTED FISH

FISH CRACKER

DRIED SALTED FISH

SHRIMP PASTE

PROCESS TO MAKE DRIED SALTED FISH

SEA CUCUMBER

DIFFERENT TYPE OF DRIED SALTED FISH

HTTPS://UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/WIKIPEDIA/COMMONS/D/D8/CASHEW_NUTS_KARIMUN_JAWA.JPG

WOODEN-BASED CRAFT

WOODEN-BASED CRAFT

WOODEN-BASED CRAFT

BOATMAKING PROCESS IN KEMUJAN VILLAGE

SEAWEED PROCESSING

CASHEW NUTS PROCESSING

FISH SELLER AT ALUN-ALUN KARIMUNJAWA

LOCAL FOOD SELLER IN KARIMUNJAWA MARKET


2.3 Infrastructure: Waste, Water and Energy

The waste in Karimunjawa mainly generated from three sources: household activities, tourism-related activities and waste from the sea that pollute Karimunjawa’s waters and beaches.

WASTE IS THE MOST URGENT ISSUE Waste management is the most urgent issue in Karimunjawa. Waste is derived from land and marine sources. Currently, there is no formal waste management system in place. While there is a program from the Kabupaten Government for waste collection, it is simply collected on private land owned by a local community member which serves as a landfill. This is found in multiple sites throughout the islands. The waste collected in these places is either buried or burnt.

is accelerating”. The first time he moved to Karimunjawa in the 1990s, the production of solid-waste was approximately one cart per day. Currently, over six carts of solid-waste are collected per day. This number is only representative of the amount of waste generated from land. It does not include the marine debri and waste that accumulates on the island shores.

Systemic modeling for solid-waste management is urgently needed. Individual initiatives were taken by local communities to deal with the waste problem in Karimunjawa such as the ‘waste bank’ by the women’s group association (PKK), beach clean ups have been initiated by hotels and NGOs, but each of these activities are implemented in an ad hoc manner. An integrated waste management system to account for both land and marine based rubbish is needed. A holistic approach would include elements to reduce the amount of waste generated in the islands, improve the collection mechanism and logistics involved and more importantly, an integrated facility to process residual and solid waste.

Parmin, an environmental department officer who is responsible to collect garbage in Karimun island, mentioned: “As tourism activity in Karimunjawa increases, the solid-waste production

TRASH ACCUMULATED NEAR KARIMUNJAWA MARKET (2019)

THE CHAIN OF WASTE IN KARIMUNJAWA

WASTE FROM TOURISM

ACTIVITIES

WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLDACTIVITIES

HOTELS RESTAURANTS

BOAT ACTIVITIES

WASTE FROM THE SEA

THE WASTE BANK

TRASH CLEANER & COLLECTOR

NGOS, HOTELS, GOV, COMMUNITY’S

JOINT EFFORT FOR BEACH CLEANUP

SOLD TO BROKERS TO BE RECYCLED

COLLECTED IN THE LANDFILL

BURNT

HOUSEHOLD PUBLIC AREAS

SOURCE OF WASTE

ACTORS INVOLVED IN CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KARIMUNJAWA

HOW WASTE BEING TREATED IN KARIMUNJAWA

RECYCLABLE WASTE COLLECTED

INFORMATION KEY

There is one waste bank operating in Karimunjawa by the local womens association. Asides from that, there are four small-scale brokers whom collect and sell recyclables to buyers in Java.

Currently, there are only five trash cleaners and collectors in Karimunjawa. The main responsibility is to clean the public space and collect trash in the communal trash bin, not yet running a house by house service.

The current landfill in Karimunjawa is on private land of local community members. The trash is either burnt or buried.

Marine waste is accumulated on the Karimunjawa island shores

Pays small amount of money as collection fee (direct, not organised through RT)

Currently, the trash cleaners collects six carts of solid-waste per day (only in settlement area closeby Alun-alun).

Brokers are usually based in Jepara.

Most of the trash from beach clean-up are being burnt.


Waste is the most urgent infrastructure gap. There is currently no formal management in place.

Waste from the sea accumulated on the beach on a certain season, depending on the winds.

There is currently no wastewater management system. Household waste, and waste from other industries (hotels, laundry, restaurants, etc.) is discharged directly to the sea.

The waste bank helps to reduce the amount of waste in Karimunjawa by collecting the recyclable waste.


Water is still a surplus but at risk of mismanagement.

In the smaller islands like Genting, energy supply rely much on solar panel.

ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER: HOW DO WE MANAGE FUTURE NEEDS?Water is currently at a surplus in Karimunjawa yet risks loom of mismanagement. Much of the clean water in Karimun is sourced from springs, which is referred to by local communities as ‘air gunung’. In Karimun main island, the municipal water supply company (PDAM), currently manages the spring water and is responsible for developing the piped network to houses. Certain households also use shallow groundwater wells in their houses. In the summer, approximately August to November, there is often a shortage of the municipal water supply and the well-water often becomes brackish. As an alternative, community members at certain times purchase water in jerrycans, even sourcing this all the way from Jepara.

Risks of poor water management are looming as development and land ownership has a significant impact on drawing upon the watershed. There are also threats of salinification of ground water sources. In the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of hotels, particularly in uphill areas. Current exploitation of rocks and soil for construction results in wasted water supply. In the meantime, increasing demand for water due to the rise of tourist visitations is becoming an increasing challenge for Karimunjawa’s water provision,management and equitable distribution. The availability and quality of water in Karimunjawa highly depends upon the sustainability of the rainforest as a major water catchment area. Further research on carrying capacity in Karimunjawa, efforts to maintain the sustainability of the rainforest, implementation of development control mechanisms, and utilization of alternative water sources, are key activities to ensure future sustainability of the water resource in Karimunjawa.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT IS NON-EXISTENTThere is currently no wastewater management system in Karimunjawa. Household wastewater and

waste from other establishments (hotels, laundry, restaurants, aquaculture ponds, etc.) is discharged in the drainage system, which flows directly into the sea. There is currently no centralized wastewater plant. As more establishments are being developed (hotels, restaurants, laundry, etc.), there is a foreseeable tipping point where urban wastewater will become a challenge and in conflict coral reefs and clean seawater.

Another challenge originates from the shrimp farm industries, as untreated wastewater is discharged directly into the sea. No proactive measures taken by the government to improve industrial practices means the marine-ecosystem of Karimunjawa is at risk of irreversible damage.

ENERGYEnergy supply varies across the Karimunjawa islands. The main islands (Karimun and Kemujan) is supported with 24 hours of electricity service powered by a natural gas based powerplant. Meanwhile, smaller islands like Parang and Nyamuk use a combination of diesel generators and solar panels to generate electricity. More remote areas like Genting island only receive electricity of approximately six hours per day via solar panels. The current capacity in Karimunjawa only supports household and hotel use, it cannot accommodate the need for industry yet, such as an ice manufacturer.

PUBLIC AMENITIES ARE STILL LACKINGPublic amenities in Karimunjawa, in general, are still lacking. The amenities in alun-alun, as the main focal site of Karimunjawa, is not very attractive for most. There is no rain shelter, no public toilets, wastewater system for vendors. As a tourism destination, signage is also still lacking in Karimunjawa. These conditions need to be considered in the planning process to support tourism activities in the future.


SHRIMP POND IN KARIMUNJAWA MAIN ISLAND (2019)

2.4 Land Ownership and ZoningLAND-USE AND AUTHORITY Large portions of Karimunjawa’s land, particularly the rainforest and mangroves, are under the authority of BTN. These zones serve as conservation areas and are restricted from any kind of development. The BTN authority also extends in covering the reefs. Outside of the conservation areas utilized for farming, agriculture, settlement and tourism purposes. In the settlement areas, the jurisdiction falls under the kecamatan (district) or desa (village).

LAND ACQUISITION AND THE NEED FOR TOOLS TO MANAGE DEVELOPMENT The growth in tourism has encouraged more land speculation. Over the past decades, large tracks of land have been acquired and assembled by external investors resulting in the displacement of local community members. All other small islands, except for Cemara Besar which is owned by the state, have been acquired by investors both local and foreign. There is also an increasing number of land sales from local communities to speculators as tourism potential increases.Land has been purchased with multiple differing intentions including land use conversion and development or as a property investment into increasing land values.

More prevalent in remote areas, land certificates owned by communities are in older formats - such as pethok D, letter C, kikitir, verponding or surat tanah - creating land tenure issues. Outdated land certification and titling has led to either conflict or results in the local community playing a vulnerable role to land speculators.

New hotel developments are targeting uphill zones, putting pressure on future water resources. While beachfronts are steadily being privatized, coastal zones in the urban areas are actively being reclaimed by local communities to develop new housing, exposing more households and developments to flood risks and storm surges. Control mechanisms or tools, like detailed zoning, building permits or land-use management tools, need to be put in place in order to manage the development process and maintain the sustainability of the islands in the long run. More importantly, both local communities and investors alike should align their vision of Karimunjawa in order to create an abundant not depleted future.

KARIMUNJAWA LAND-USE [MAINLAND OF KARIMUN AND KEMUJAN]


CONFLICTING LAND USE AND LOOPHOLESUnclear regulations on land use, setbacks and business permits often lead to conflict amongst local communities and business owners. For example, most of the shrimp ponds in Karimunjawa do not yet have a business permit from the government. This has to be managed as the waste from the farm which has been discharged directly to the sea have detrimental impacts on the marine ecosystem. In addition, the beaches have become a subject of conversation. While beaches are legally stated to be public areas, fringing beachfront property owners have begun claiming privacy. At times, through tactical loopholes such as blocking access to the beach as they own the land behind it. Development guidelines need to be consulted and agreed upon that include the protection of public rights and access. A forum that facilitates communication between the governing entities, business owners, and local communities needs to happen to manage these issues and reduce potential conflict.

WHILE BEACHES ARE MEANT TO BE PUBLIC SETBACKS, BEACHFRONT PROPERTY OWNERS ARE CLAIMING PRIVACY.

NEW DEVELOPMENT MOSTLY TARGETING THE LAND UPHILL, PUTTING THE FUTURE WATER MANAGEMENT AT RISK.

CONFLICTING LANDUSE HAS TO BE MANAGED. COASTAL ZONE OF KARIMUN IS ACTIVELY BEING RECLAIMED,

EXPOSING MORE HOUSEHOLDS AND DEVELOPMENTS TO FLOOD

RISKS AND STORM SURGES.


KARIMUNJAWA FOREST, UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL (2019)

KARIMUNJAWA AS A NATIONAL PARKKarimunjawa was designated as a National Park in 1999. Under the authority of Balai Taman Nasional (BTN), the area is managed and protected to conserve the ridge to reef ecosystem. It also serves to support knowledge production and education in marine ecosystems, cultivation and public recreation. The national park area is managed by zones. While some areas restrict development and human activities, others allow managed cultivation, tourism and traditional fisheries functions to occur.

GROWING MASS TOURISM PUTS PRESSURE ON CONSERVATIONIn the marine tourism zone, tourists can go without supervision from BTN, but they have to be accompanied by at least one local tour guide. While there is an attempt to implement environmentally-friendly principles in conducting tourism activities, the influx of mass tourism places considerable pressure on the quality of the natural environment. Certain problems are already visible and felt; destruction of coral reefs in heavily trafficked areas, unmanaged solid waste both on the land and sea and a significant decrease in forest coverage from quarrying and development. The growth of the tourism industry needs to be planned for and

managed in order to sustain the natural and inherent potential for the longterm.

CONSERVATION: A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER EFFORTConservation is the responsibility of all stakeholders: no single solitary effort will create a broad and meaningful impact. Collaboration is strongly needed to create a broader conservation impact for Karimunjawa: from the ridge to reef. So far, BTN has led this space via conservation policies and programs with the involvement of stakeholders, such as community groups, NGOs, tourism industry actors, and the local government. They also closely collaborate with the tour guides association, recognizing their potential as “agents of conservation” to ensure more sustainable tourism practices. NGOs such as the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) have been active in the islandscape for over ten years. Activities to date have included partnering with the fishermen association on a campaign for marine conservation, reef monitoring, fish quantification and controlled fishing (seasonal moratorium for endangered species of fish). Organizations like Pitulikur Pulo, along with tour guides association, drivers association and hotels have also collaborated on beach cleaning efforts. Such activities need to be coordinated in order to achieve more targeted outcomes and measurable impact.

2.5 Conservation: From Ridge to Reef

KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK’S ZONING

As a national park, the areas in Karimunjawa is managed by zones. There are 9 different zones, each zone is designated for a specific function.

CORE ZONE: with a total area of 400 Ha, the core zone is the mandatory protected areas, any transformation due to human activities is restricted in this area. The only activities that allowed are those related to the pursuit of knowledge, education, research, inventory, and protection.

FOREST ZONE (LAND PROTECTION AREA): is an area that serves a function to protect wildlife - the natural breeding grounds and other ecological processes. There are two areas included in this zone, the rain-forest in Karimun (1,000 Ha) and mangroves (500 Ha), with a total area of 1,500 Ha. Limited utilization is allowed with special permits from Balai Taman Nasional.

MARINE PROTECTION ZONE: this area serve a function to protect marine ecosystems. Limited utilization is allowed with special permits from BTN, and accompanied by BTN staff.

MARINE TOURISM ZONE: an allocated zone for tourism activities. Activities in these areas can be done without the supervision of BTN staff but have to be accompanied by local guides. With a permit from BTN, operators are allowed to build environmentally-friendly supporting facilities for tourism activities. This area includes a total area of 1,226 Ha.

LAND CULTIVATION ZONE:intended for land-based cultivation with consideration to nature conservation principles.

MARINE CULTIVATION ZONE: intended for fisheries cultivation like seaweed plantation, fish cultivation using fish cages, with consideration to nature conservation principles.

REHABILITATION ZONE: intended for the purpose of coral reefs restoration that has been damaged by around 75%. This includes the marine areas in the east part of Parang island, east part of Nyamuk island, and west part of Kemujan and Karimun island.

CULTURAL ZONE: Cultural zone including some sites that have historical value for Karimunjawa that has been preserved as cultural assets of the area.

TRADITIONAL FISHING ZONE: The traditional fishing zone is specifically allocated for traditional fishing activities using an eco-friendly fishing tools. This zone covers an area of 103,883 hectares including all waters outside the predetermined zone within the are of Karimunjawa National Park.


N

CORE ZONE

FOREST ZONE (LAND PROTECTION AREA)

KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK ZONING

MARINE PROTECTION ZONE

MARINE TOURISM ZONE

LAND CULTIVATION ZONE

MARINE CULTIVATION ZONE

REHABILITATION ZONE

CULTURAL ZONE

TRADITIONAL FISHING ZONE

ISLANDS

CORALS KARIMUNJAWA

INDONESIA

KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK ZONING

P. PARANG

P. Kumbang


P. Menyawakan


P. NYAMUK

P. Mrico

P. Sintok

Gs. Tengah

P. Cilik

P. KEMUJAN

P. KARIMUN

P. Gundul

P. Cendekian

P. Tengah

P. GentingP. Sambangan

P. Seruni

P. Krakal Besar

P. Krakal KecilP. Geleang

P. Menjangan Kecil

P. Burung

P. Cemara Kecil

P. Menjangan Besar

P. Batu

Gs. Seloka

Gs. Selikur

Gs. Kumbang

Karang Besi

Karang Katang

Karang Kapal

Taka Menyawakan

Gosong SelikurTELAGA RESORT

SECTION I KEMUJAN

PARANG RESORT

NYAMUK RESORT

LEGON LELE RESORT

SECTION II KARIMUNJAWA

KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK’S ZONING


The beauty of Karimunjawa’s natural environment attracts visitors yearly.

Source of picture: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/47092.php

NGO driven initiates for coral reef conservation has been done for years in Karimunjawa.

Conservation should be a comprehensive effort from ridge to reef.

Conservation can be a key component to the islandscape experience.

Forest has an important role in maintaining the water availability in Karimunjawa.


2.6 Food and Productivity

HARVEST TIME IN KARIMUN’S PADDY FIELD AT CIKMAS (2019)

KARIMUNJAWA’S LAND IS FERTILE, BUT THE ISLANDS ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON JAVADespite fertile land, agriculture productivity in Karimunjawa is quite limited in scale and function. There is small-scale production of rice, coconut (copra and oil), seaweed and cashews. Rice production is barely subsistent. Karimunjawa residents derive most of their staple foods - particularly rice, vegetables, chili and fruits - from the main island of Java. Marine products such as fish and seaweed are the mainstay commodity of Karimunjawa. These products, both agro and marine, are brought to the market as raw commodities. High logistical costs of exportation reduces the viability and competitiveness of these products in the largely diverse and expansive local market of Java.

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIONKarimunjawa’s agricultural output is relatively small due to limited land and lack of an irrigation system. The total area for rice paddy cultivation is only 12 hectares which yields a little more than 60 tonnes per year, harvesting once per year. This approximately translates to feeding an average of 333 people. Other agricultural commodities in the Karimunjawa islandscape include coconuts, cashews, seaweed and breadfruit. High logistical costs prohibit viable exports to the main island of Java.

Agriculture can be revived with alternative cultivation methods, human resource development, diversification in food processing, and seeking/creating a market niche that can accommodate these island based products. Several initiatives were carried out by civil society groups in Karimunjawa to revive agriculture such as plant hobbyist group called Senang Nandur. This group grows vegetables for daily consumption utilizing alternative methods to conventional farming ways. Several government and non-government agencies teach the locals Karimunjawa to process raw materials into various products such as processing cashew into shredded / floss, processing coconut

Food security can be a key motivation for social transformation. The culture of food and food production can be developed into a new identity and economy adding to the sense of place.

into virgin coconut oil, etc. Connecting local farmers with the tourism industry will create a market niche that can become key to both food security and a reinvigorated food culture.

FISHINGSince Karimunjawa was designated a national park, fishing activities have been managed by a zoning system along with new regulations to instill responsible fishing practices. For instance, fishing is only allowed in certain areas that have been determined by the zoning system and destructive fishing techniques such as blast fishing, bottom trawling, and cyanide have been prohibited.Initially, most of the fishermen rejected the regulations as it threatened a reduction in their volume of catch and income. Through a long process, BTN in collaboration with WCS and the local fishermen association integrated practices by working with the local fishermen population. Now, fishing techniques include netting, trapping, hand gathering, spearfishing, and angling which is much less destructive than poison and explosives, ultimately has improved the quality of the catch. Since early 2000s fishermen in Karimunjawa started adopting fish finders and GPS which has increased the effectiveness and efficiency in catching fish thus increasing their income. Fishermen usually sell raw fish to the local market

and export outside of the islands without further need of local processing.There are opportunities to create value added processes where the fish can be processed into shredded/floss, smoked fish, shrimp paste, salted fish, etc. It may even help to reduce waste from unsold raw fish.

AQUACULTUREIn recent years, Karimunjawa has seen an increase in aquaculture. The shallow coastal zone and clean waters are favorable for shrimp farming. The shrimp farming industry are typically operated by an individual (with a few assistants) and investments for feed and initial capital costs are supported from external investors. The shrimps are currently exported to other parts of Indonesia as well as overseas. Shrimp farming has caused environmental concerns as their discharge and “shampooing” of ponds pollutes the sea and impacts the health of surrounding coral reefs. While it is a very profitable business, it does not necessarily generate employment or direct benefits to the local community. There are opportunities to expand and diversify the aquaculture industries, while bringing in sustainable and circular processes such as waste-to-fertilizer processing. Rather than an extractive process, aquaculture industry can provide additional community equity through employment and community-based management.

SEAWEED FARMER IN MRICAN, KEMUJAN (2019)


Food security is coming back to the imagination of the community.

Coconut as a commodity is being left

behind. Productivity is dependent on the changing

prices of fish and income from tourism.

Large tracts of productive land is left abandoned. It can be utilized for food security.

Karimunjawa has 12 Ha of rice fields that produce around 65 tons rice annually in one harvesting time.



2.7 Materials and Flow

CONSTRUCTION OF NEW HOUSES IN GENTING ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

BUILDING MATERIAL Traditionally, houses in Karimunjawa are made of wood. However, wood construction has become a rarity, and more expensive as national regulations imposed on restricting logging in the National Park. New construction often uses more conventional urban materials such as sand, brick, stone, cement, etc to build concrete houses. There is an ever-increasing demand for non-wood building materials for the construction of houses and lodgings. Building materials such as concrete blocks, concrete tanks, sand and stone are produced on the island to overcome the high logistical costs of importing construction materials. This increases pressure on the local environment in the form of aggressive sand and stone mining. Unmanaged stone quarrying causes destruction of karst aquifers (clean water supply is risky) and sand mining in coastal areas also destroy beaches.

Large scale construction should not use all local sand and rocks, they should be importing materials instead to prevent environmental degradation. Without control mechanisms placed on sand and rock mining, threats of opportunistic behavior are increased substantially due to the needs of growing market demands. Consensus amongst local stakeholders or even official regulation should be formulated to control mining.

Educational campaigns need to target an increase in awareness of the basic principle that nature-based tourism requires ecosystem services to be maintained and harnessed into the future.

CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICSGenerally, construction cost in Karimunjawa is more expensive due to limited supply of craftsmen, construction labor and technical workshops. The price could be four times more expensive compared to construction costs in Java for the same size building. More sophisticated construction materials and systems are not readily available e.g. air conditioning, windows/glazing systems, etc.

GOODS AND SERVICESFlow of goods are limited by the frequency of ferry services. In seasons where the seas are rough and are not viable for ferries, goods and supplies are limited. This can result in food shortages, disrupt construction schedules and even pose a threat to healthcare access in times of need. The limitation within the flow of goods are even more restricted outside of the main islands of Karimun and Kemojan. In the islandchains fringing communities, logistics are dependent upon small boats owned by individuals which are much more vulnerable to bad weather.

MINING ACTIVITIES IN KARIMUNJAWA MAIN-ISLAND

BACKYARD QUARRYING FOR A GROWING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.

CAN KARIMUNJAWA BE THE FIRST QUANTIFIED ISLANDS?ROCK QUARRYING IS RESULTING IN UNMANAGED KARST.

THERE ARE 15 SAND MINING SPOTS AROUND THE MAIN ISLAND.

ROCK QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN LEGON LELE, KARIMUNJAWA


KARIMUNJAWA VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OFFICE (2019)

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

REGENCY GOVERNMENTREGENCY OF JEPARA

CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

DISTRICT GOVERNMENTKARIMUNJAWA DISTRICT (KECAMATAN KARIMUNJAWA)

VILLAGE GOVERNMENTPEMERINTAH DESA

(KARIMUN, KEMUJAN, PARANG, NYAMUK)

LOWER ADMINISTRATIONDUKUH

DIFFERENT MINISTRIES (SECTORAL)

• MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY• MINISTRY OF TOURISM• MINISTRY OF MARITIME AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES• MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS• ETC

Some ministries with programs in Karimunjawa:

The formal administrative authorities (equivalent to City Government) which have independent authorities to shape programs for regions

within its' jurisdiction (including Karimunjawa).

Formal government entities located in Karimunjawa islands and has the responsibility to manage the whole Karimunjawa area. Functioned as the extension of Regency Government and to bridge communication between the Regency Government of

Jepara and the Village Governments (Karimun, Kemujan, Parang, and Nyamuk). District Government doesn’t manage budget to implement programs.

VIllage government is the lowest formal admnistrative unit that is applied in Karimunjawa. As the leader of the village, it has the responsibility to manage the

budgetary resources for village development, manage the natural resource (in coordination with higher level government), as well as communication to the higher

level government.

A lower non-informal administration level, that manages activities and administrative task at the community level. The community leaders are usually

chosen by the community.

BTN is a technical implementation unit responsible for conservation of the

national park. BTN is a specific board which operates under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry: Directorate

General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation.

BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

Unit of BTN that specifically works in Karimunjawa concerning the conservation

of the National Park of Karimunjawa.

National level policies and programs.

Functioned as the extension of national government authorities. Implementing sectoral based programs following the priority of national government. Central Java’s Tourism Department is one of the leading departments of Karimunjawa which has formally

designated Karimunjawa as one of Central Java’s national strategic tourism destination.

NN

R

R

R N

V

V

2.8 GovernanceKarimunjawa is shaped by a unique assemblance of differing stakeholder groups, with the presence of the national government authority represented by BTN whom are responsible for conservation efforts in the Karimunjawa National Park. The Kecamatan (Sub-District) serves as the formal government authority and an extension of Pemerintah Kabupaten (Regency) Jepara. The local autonomous government (Desa) operates daily administration. Additional groups include business entities such as those working in the tourism sector i.e. travel agents, hotels, restaurants, and operators, community organizations and non-government organizations, as well as the local communities as the key economic engine of Karimunjawa. These stakeholders all pose differing activities, authorities, and operate at various scales amongst a range of sectors.

The BTN plays a key role in Karimunjawa governance given their extensive jurisdiction. They interact with almost all stakeholders and components of island governance (conservation, tourism, agriculture, fishing, aquaculture). However, the local communities trust and perception of legitimacy in BTN is overshadowed by the Desa (village) government. BTN is perceived as an extension of National Government while Desa (Village) (head of Desa is elected democratically)

engages directly within day to day functions with the community. More recently, the Dana Desa (village fund dispersed from the national government) program injects a relatively large sum to assist in meeting development needs of each village. This access to funding increases the role and potential that the village government has within its own community development.

The private sector particularly in tourism plays a key role in economic development as well as the development of human capital for the service industry. However, the lack of unity amongst investors, owners and operators limits their capacity to advocate for their common interests in the islandscape.

One of the key stakeholders in the community is the tour guide association. In some ways, they can be influential due to their position in relation to all sectors of the hospitality industry and additionally as they engage with tourists directly. The tour guide association, Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (HPI) chapter in Karimunjawa, is one of the most active local community organizations. They have successfully advocated to protect the interests of the local community as well as prove active in developing a new standard operating procedure and manual for tourism operations.

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN KARIMUNJAWA


N

MARINE

FOREST (LAND PROTECTION AREA), LAND CULTIVATION ZONE, CULTURAL ZONE

AREAS UNDER BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL (BTN)’S AUTHORITY

MARINE PROTECTION ZONE, MARINE TOURISM ZONE, MARINE CULTIVATION ZONE, REHABILITATION ZONE, TRADITIONAL FISHING ZONE)

LAND ISLANDS

CORALS

KARIMUNJAWA

INDONESIAAREAS UNDER REGENCY GOV.’S AUTHORITY

DIVISION OF AUTHORITY IN KARIMUNJAWA

P. PARANG

P. Kumbang


P. Menyawakan


P. NYAMUK

P. Mrico

P. Sintok

Gs. Tengah

P. Cilik

P. KEMUJAN

P. KARIMUN

P. Gundul

P. Cendekian

P. Tengah

P. GentingP. Sambangan

P. Seruni

P. Krakal Besar

P. Krakal KecilP. Geleang

P. Menjangan Kecil

P. Burung

P. Cemara Kecil

P. Menjangan Besar

P. Batu

Gs. Seloka

Gs. Selikur

Gs. Kumbang

Karang Besi

Karang Katang

Karang Kapal

Taka Menyawakan

Gosong SelikurTELAGA RESORT

SECTION I KEMUJAN

PARANG RESORT

NYAMUK RESORT

LEGON LELE RESORT

SECTION II KARIMUNJAWA

P. Genting

AREAS UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL (BTN)

N

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

N

KARIMUNJAWA DISTRICT

N

V

VR

N

R

NON-GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

P

D

P

STAKEHOLDER MAP

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT

DISTRICT GOVERNMENT

LOCAL NGOS

COMMUNITY ASSOC.

BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL

The following is stakeholder map in Karimunjawa. The diagram shows the role and responsibilities of each institution in Karimunjawa.

Bigger shape represent bigger authorities or influence in the development of Karimunjawa.

Closer to the center means closer to the problem / issues in of Karimunjawa.

EXTERNAL INVESTORS

REGENCY LEVEL GOV.

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM, CITY PLANNING AGENCY, ENVIRONMENT

AGENCY, PUBLIC WORKS

HPI, COM ASSOC.

MINISTERIAL LEVEL

• MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY

• MINISTRY OF TOURISM• MINISTRY OF MARINE AFAIRS AND

FISHERIES• MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOV.

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

WCS, PITULIKUR PULO

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

REGENCY GOVERNMENT

DISTRICT GOVERNMENT

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION

PRIVATE SECTORS

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

D

SPATIAL JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITIES IN KARIMUNJAWA

AREAS UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL (BTN)

MARINE AREAS

INCLUDING MARINE PROTECTION ZONE, MARINE TOURISM ZONE, MARINE CULTIVATION ZONE, REHABILITATION ZONE, TRADITIONAL FISHING ZONE)

Activities in these areas are under the supervision and monitoring of the National Park Authority (BTN). Stricter regulations are applied in certain zones. For example, human activity is prohibited in environmental protection and rehabilitation zones, whilst other zones allow various human activities and use within limited to unlimited constraints (See: Karimunjawa National Park Zoning on page 46).

LAND AREAS

FOREST (LAND PROTECTION AREA), LAND CULTIVATION ZONE, CULTURAL ZONE

AREAS UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF REGENCY GOVERNMENT / VILLAGE GOVERNMENT

Formally, the areas indicated in dark grey, are not a part of the Karimunjawa National Park. Development is allowed in these areas and these zones are currently dominated by productive functions: settlement areas, services (hotels and restaurants), and agricultural lands. Development permits are issued through the village and regional government.

ISLANDS

ALL AREA IN ALL ISLANDS EXCEPT FOR THOSE INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL PARK ZONING. INCLUDES ALL 27 ISLANDS IN KARIMUNJAWA DISTRICT.


Tourism Ecosystem

TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN UJUNG GELAM BEACH (2019)

Chapter 3To develop a responsible future scenario for the sustained ability of the Karimunjawa island-scape, it is imperative to understand the current tourism ecosystem. This includes uncov-ering the key stakeholders and workflow of the tourism ecosystem, reviewing the current holiday formats and commercial models, highlighting current attractions, as well as a tour-ism market analysis based on the current industry conditions.


TOURISTS IN KARIMUNJAWA AFTER A BOAT TRIP (2019)

3.1 Stakeholder Map / The Workflow of the Tourism EcosystemThe tourism ecosystem consists of different actors and their respective functions. Through our analysis of their interactions, the actors within the ecosystem have been categorized under titles related to Promoters, Coordinators, Service Providers, Hosts, and Governance groups.

PROMOTERS(TOUR AGENTS / PACKAGED TOUR COMPANIES)Tour companies have played a catalyst role in creating and shaping what is the current tourism industry in Karimunjawa has become. They continue to play a very influential role in promoting tourism activities and ultimately are the main contributor in the packaged local based tourism model that dominates the landscape. In the past, information regarding Karimunjawa including logistical arrangements, transportation and accommodation was fairly limited. This created an opportunity for external based tour agents to create tailored packages to fulfill tourists needs. . These packaged tours are popular amongst local tourists. Tour agents are based predominantly in the next closest regional hubs such as Jepara and Semarang, or Yogyakarta, Bali, Bandung and Jakarta. There are only a few Karimunjawa-based tour agents. According to our interviews with the tour agents, the most effective

marketing tools are web based platforms, such as websites and social media applications of Instagram and Facebook. Bali and Yogyakarta tour agents leverage their locations to attract and sell the Karimunjawa experience to foreign travelers.

COORDINATORS (LOCAL COORDINATOR / KARIMUNJAWA REPRESENTATIVE OF TOUR AGENTS) Tour agents partner with local onground representative based in Karimunjawa.They are titled ‘local coordinators’ or ‘local tour agents’, and are tasked to coordinate trip logistics and provide local expertise. This function is usually fulfilled by local communities whom additionally can work as a tour guide too. A local coordinator generally draws alliance with a specific external tour agent. The role of the coordinator is pivotal to the entire industry as it is the lynchpin in linking different businesses in Karimunjawa. This includes arranging hotels or homestays, booking boat operators, organizing catering and car rentals, which ultimately forms the a packaged tour sold by the agent. Local coordinators, with their on-ground knowledge on Karimunjawa, are essential for every external tour agents to form, manage and successfully fulfil an attractive tour package.

HOST(HOTEL AND RESTAURANTS) Initially, accommodation in Karimunjawa were provided by local communities with the development of homestays. Simultaneous to visitation growth, external investors have entered the landscape, purchased land and contributed to a diverse range of accommodation options. There are currently 15 hotels and 78 hostels registered in the government database. These numbers doubled from 2011 where there were only 10 hotels and 29 hostels. The rapid growth of accommodation based developments, exemplifies an emerging destination on the rise, although, increasing pressures on the natural resources pose a simultaneous threat particularly water availability and responsible land management.

TOURISM SERVICE PROVIDERS(BOAT OPERATORS, TOUR GUIDE, CAR/MOTORBIKE RENTAL, SNORKELLING EQUIPMENT RENTAL,ETC.) Service providers include personnel involved in any supporting services related to boat tours and other tourism related activities such as tour guides, boat operators, snorkelling equipment rentals, as well as car and motorbike rentals. These services are commonly provided by community-owned businesses in Karimunjawa. More recently hotels started to provide in-house services such as airport pick-ups and motorbike rentals.

GOVERNING FUNCTION (BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL, JEPARA REGENCY GOVERNMENT)There are at least two formal governing entities involved in the development of Karimunjawa’s tourism sector;the Balai Taman Nasional (BTN) as a representative of the national government and the regional government of Jepara, particularly the Tourism Department. As a national park area, most of the area in Karimunjawa is under the authority of the BTN, including most tourist destinations: snorkelling and diving spots (coral reefs), the mangrove park and beaches. Therefore, tourism activities in the national park area should be carried out adhering to sustainable practices and guidelines. Aside from BTN, tourism development is also under the authority of the Tourism Department of Kabupaten Jepara. The regional government of Jepara is solely responsible for approving developments and issuing permits within their jurisdiction. Majority of the development in Karimunjawa currently falls under their zone. Therefore, the Jepara government serves another key player in influencing the development pathways in the Karimunjawa islandscape. Aside from licences, another primary role is to assist the development of the destination and provide training for tourism actors to increase in the quality of service. However, tourism is not an isolated industry and involves waste management, water provision, and development control, by which the current responsibilities lie under differing regional departments within the Government of Jepara.


TOURISM ECOSYSTEM IN KARIMUNJAWA

60

JEPARA GOVERNMENT

• Responsible to develop public infrastructure (jetty, roads, etc.)

• Gather regional income from tourism retribution.

• Connect to the customer through the local guide/coordinator.

• Provide a boat trip which is currently the main tourism attraction in Karimunjawa.

CATERING (HOME-BASED)

CUSTOMER

PACKAGED TOUR COMPANYBALAI TAMAN NASIONAL

LOCAL COORDINATOR

CAR / MOTORBIKE RENTALS

HOTEL / HOMESTAY

BOAT OPERATORS

• Have a central role that connects Karimunjawa and the market.

• Marketing are done through website, social media (instagram), collaboration with hotels in the other travel destinations.

• Local coordinator is the extension of external tour company in Karimunjawa, often called as ‘local tour agent’. They associated with certain tour agent(s).

• Responsible to connect tour agents with local businesses: hotel, driver, boat operators.

• Provide transportation services for tourist as there is no public transport option in Karimunjawa.

• Often compete with hotel / homestay which provides car or motorcycle rental.

• Accommodation for tourists• Some hotels provide tour

package (boat trip) for those who don’t connect through tour agents.

• Some hotels provide car and motorbike rentals.

• Regulator for conservation areas, including some tourism destinations (through zoning).

• Gather income from entrance ticket in some conservation zone and retribution through tour agents.

Costumer contact the hotel directly through a website search.

Costumer book the packaged tour through a travel agent.

Tour company contact a Karimunjawa-based tour coordinator to organize the trip.

Customer pay tourism retribution.

Tour agents pay retribution to BTN.

•

•

LOCAL GUIDE

•

•

•

•

RESTAURANT / FOOD STALL / KIOSK

THE CURRENT MOST COMMON PATHWAY

TOURISM ECOSYSTEM IN KARIMUNJAWA

ALTERNATE PATHWAY

Provide food for tourists (non packaged-tour) and other basic needs (medicine, toiletries, etc.)Provided by local communities and external-owned business.

A home-based business that provide food for tourist.This service is particularly needed to prepare food for boat trip and meals included in the packaged-tour.

CUSTOMER

MARKETING ROLE

CONNECTOR

ACCOMMODATION

SERVICE PROVIDERS

GOVERNING FUNCTION

Local coordinator organizes the trip for the customer, book all of the needed services for the trip.

ACTORS IN TOURISM INDUSTRIES WORKFLOW

Provide information to tourist during the visit.Provide guiding services and ensure the safety of the tourists particularly for boat trips / hiking.

Local customer mostly book their trip through packaged tour company. Foreign customer mostly book the hotel directly.

THE CURRENT MOST COMMON PATHWAY ALTERNATE PATHWAY

• The customers (tourists) purchase tour packages via travel agents.

• These are mainly bought by domestic tourists due to the easy convenience, affordability and their limited knowledge of Karimunjawa.

• The customers (tourists) contact the hotel directly through a website search or online booking platforms.

• In this case, the tourist books accommodation directly, then arranges any onground activities such as a boat trip through either their hotel or joins the available open boat trips once they have arrived in Karimunjawa. Majority of foreign tourists experience Karimunjawa via this way.

BENEFIT & LOSS ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT MOST COMMON PATHWAY

This part shows the benefit and loss analysis for each stakeholders in Karimunjawa, using the case of the most common practice in Karimunjawa where the customers take the tour package though travel agents.

MOST BENEFITS & HOW? LESS BENEFITS & HOW? LOSS & HOW?

• TOUR COMPANY

Customer fee (pax ≈ revenue)• HOTEL & HOMESTAY

Provide accommodation and food. Revenue from food, car and motorbike rentals.

• JEPARA GOVERNMENT

Provide accommodation and food. Revenue from food, car and motorbike rentals.

• RESTAURANTS

If the food is provided by the hotel and homestay, then the customer will not spend much on F&B.

• COMMUNITY (F&B)

If the food is provided by the hotel and homestay, then the customer will not spend much on F&B.

• LOCAL TOUR GUIDE

Customer fee (pax ≈ revenue). At a certain point, the local tour guide will receive a flat amount of revenue the fee that received by the tour guide.

• ENVIRONMENT

Environmental damage from mass tourism practicess.

• LOCAL VILLAGE GOVERNMENT

There is no trickle-down effect from tourism activities to the village government.


SNORKELLING, THE CURRENT MOST POPULAR ACTIVITIES IN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

3.2 Current AttractionsThere are three main categories of tourist attractions in Karimunjawa, marine-based attractions, cultural/heritage/religious attractions and land-based natural attractions. The biggest draw in Karimunjawa are marine-based attractions.

MARINE-BASED ATTRACTIONS Karimunjawa has beautiful underwater attractions with its coral reefs and numerous natural beaches. The underwater activities and marine-based activities are the primary marketing points of Karimunjawa. Almost all tour-packages offer marine-based activities such as snorkelling and island hopping, selling the archipelagic experience to the tourist. Some agents, target specific markets such as providing diving packages. There are numerous snorkelling and dive sites. Famous sites including Maer, Geleang, Pulau Cilik, Menjangan Besar, Menjangan Kecil, Cemara Besar and Cemara Kecil. Beaches are attractive locations for tourists. The white sandy beaches in the small-uninhabited islands of Pulau Cilik, Geleang, Pulang Tengah, have been key sites part of the snorkelling and island-hopping experience. On the main islands of Karimun and Kemojan, there are also beaches that can be accessed by land-based transportation such as Bobi beach, Ujung Gelam, Sunset Beach, and many more. .

CULTURAL / HERITAGE / RELIGIOUS ATTRACTIONSThe unique mixture of Java and Bugis culture as well as the history of a famous religious cleric has shaped Karimunjawa’s cultural-religious attractions. The story of Sunan Nyamplungan as one of the most famous Moslem clerics and the existence of the cemetery in Karimunjawa has attracted a specific crowd. In fact, Karimunjawa has been selected several times to host religious events. Meanwhile, as part of the effort to preserve local culture, the local government has built and displayed Javanese and Bugis traditional housing models, as a tourist attraction as well as an educational opportunity for visitors to understand more on the two different cultures that live in harmony in Karimunjawa.

LAND-BASED NATURAL ATTRACTIONSAs an alternative to the marine-based attractions, there are also outstanding land-based natural attractions. As a national park, Karimunjawa has other potentials of nature-based attractions such as rainforests, hills, and mangroves, all located on the mainland and can be accessed with land based transportation. The natural rainforest in the main island of Karimun has attracted a niche market of

visitors for hiking, trekking and camping. There is also a relatively accessible option suitable for the common tourists like the mangrove forest managed by BTN. The mangrove forests also serves as an educational experience for the general public about different mangrove species and their role and importance within the whole ecosystem. Other popular and accessible options are vantage spots offering beautiful views. This includes spots spread

throughout theKarimunjawa main island, Kemujan and Parang such as Bukit Love, Bukit Joko Tuwo, and Bukit Cinta in Anora beach, and many more. Local operators tend to build decorations and amenities such as toilets and warungs near these attractions - sometimes collecting small fees for maintenance and waste management.

FAMOUS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN KARIMUNJAWA

UP-LEFT: GELEANG ISLAND; DOWN-LEFT: UJUNG GELAM

AND SUNSET BEACH; UP-RIGHT: UNDERWATER ATTRACTIONS

MENJANGAN KECIL (PHOTO CREDIT: WISATAKITA.COM); MIDDLE-

RIGHT: BUKIT LOVE; DOWN-RIGHT: MANGROVE TREKKING.


UJUNG BATU LAWANG

UJUNG MRICAN

UJUNG GELAM

BUNGA JABE

BATU PUTIH

NIRWANA

BOBI BEACH

LEGON LELE

BATU TOPENG

MRICAN

GONDOLA BEACH

BULUNG BEACH

ALANG-ALANGPOKEMON BEACH

SUMUR BULUNG

BATU MERAH

JAVA & BUGIS TRADITIONAL HOUSES

SUNAN NYAMPLUNGAN’S CEMETERY

BUKIT JOKO TUWO

BUKIT CINTA

BUKIT LOVE

BUKIT SIGANTUNG

GOA SARANG BAJUL PUTIH

SNORKELING SPOTS

DIVING SPOTS

MARINE-BASED ATTRACTIONS CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS

BUKIT CINTA

KARIMUNJAWA CURRENT ATTRACTIONS

KATANG

INDONOR

KAPAL GENTINGMENJANGAN BESAR

PULAU BURUNG

NORTH CEMARA BESAR

TAKA MENJANGAN KECIL

LEGON MOTO

BATU GANDUL

KUMBANG

KRAKAL BESAR

KRAKAL KECIL

KARANG KAPAL

P. BENGKOANG

P. MENYAWAKAN CEMARA BESAR

CEMARA KECIL

GOSONG CEMARA KECIL

GELEANG

SINTOK 1

SINTOK 2

ANORA

GOSONG SELOKAMENJANGAN BESAR

MENJ. KECIL / MAER

MENJANGAN KECIL 2

PULAU TENGAH

PULAU CILIK

CENDEKIAN

SAMBANGAN

SERUNI

BEACHES

CULTURE/HERITAGE

RELIGIOUS

EDUCATION

LAND-BASED NATURAL POTENTIALS

HILLS / SIGHTSEEING SPOTS

MANGROVE TREKKING

FOREST TREKKING

FOREST TREKKING

JAVA ISLAND

N

KARIMUNJAWA

MANGROVE

MANGROVE

N

UJUNG BATU LAWANG

UJUNG MRICAN

UJUNG GELAM

BUNGA JABE

BATU PUTIH

NIRWANA

BOBI BEACH

LEGON LELE

BATU TOPENG

MRICAN

GONDOLA BEACH

BULUNG BEACH

ALANG-ALANGPOKEMON BEACH

SUMUR BULUNG

BATU MERAH

JAVA & BUGIS TRADITIONAL HOUSES

SUNAN NYAMPLUNGAN’S CEMETERY

BUKIT JOKO TUWO

BUKIT CINTA

BUKIT LOVE

BUKIT SIGANTUNG

GOA SARANG BAJUL PUTIH

SNORKELING SPOTS

DIVING SPOTS

MARINE-BASED ATTRACTIONS CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS

BUKIT CINTA

KARIMUNJAWA CURRENT ATTRACTIONS

KATANG

INDONOR

KAPAL GENTINGMENJANGAN BESAR

PULAU BURUNG

NORTH CEMARA BESAR

TAKA MENJANGAN KECIL

LEGON MOTO

BATU GANDUL

KUMBANG

KRAKAL BESAR

KRAKAL KECIL

KARANG KAPAL

P. BENGKOANG

P. MENYAWAKAN CEMARA BESAR

CEMARA KECIL

GOSONG CEMARA KECIL

GELEANG

SINTOK 1

SINTOK 2

ANORA

GOSONG SELOKAMENJANGAN BESAR

MENJ. KECIL / MAER

MENJANGAN KECIL 2

PULAU TENGAH

PULAU CILIK

CENDEKIAN

SAMBANGAN

SERUNI

BEACHES

CULTURE/HERITAGE

RELIGIOUS

EDUCATION

LAND-BASED NATURAL POTENTIALS

HILLS / SIGHTSEEING SPOTS

MANGROVE TREKKING

FOREST TREKKING

FOREST TREKKING

JAVA ISLAND

N

KARIMUNJAWA

MANGROVE

MANGROVE

JAVA ISLAND

KARIMUNJAWA

CURRENT ATTRACTIONS IN KARIMUNJAWA


TYPICAL 3 DAYS 2 NIGHTS PACKAGED TRIP

DAY #1

MORNING06.00 AM

AFTERNOON12.00 PM

EVENING06.00 PM

REST

DAY #2

REST

DAY #3

TRIP BACK (BOAT OR PLANE)

END OF TRIP

Source: Synthesized from different sources.

TRIP TO KARIMUNJAWA (BOAT / PLANE) ARRIVAL IN

KARIMUNJAWA

LUNCH (IN THE HOTEL)

BOAT TRIP (SNORKELLING, SUNSET IN THE BEACH)

DINNER AT ALUN-ALUN

FREE TIME & REST

FREE TIME & REST

DINNERBOAT TRIP (HOPPING ISLANDS: SNORKELLING IN DIFFERENT SPOTS, LUNCH IN THE BEACH, SUNSET IN THE BEACH)

GET READY & BREAKFAST

GET READY & BREAKFAST

SHORT LAND-BASED TOUR

GROUP OF TOURIST JOIN A BOAT TRIP IN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

In recent years, packaged tours have become the easiest way for tourists to organize their travels to Karimunjawa, particularly those whom are after a fixed travel itinerary. Local tourists prefer the packaged tours over traveling independently because it is “cheap” and “practical”. Advertising on these pre-arranged tours are found through social media and websites. The price of the packaged tour starts at around IDR 700,000 to a little more than IDR 1,0000,000, depending on the quality of boat and accommodation. According to the travel agent, the most popular packages are three days and two nights as it fits within a short-weekend trip.

TYPICAL 3 DAYS 2 NIGHTS PACKAGE BREAKDOWNThis is the most popular package where the tourists have one full day and two half-day to enjoy Karimunjawa. The package cost approximately IDR 750,000 for the slow boat to IDR 900,000 for the fast boat. The tourists also have options to upgrade their accommodation at an additional cost. Typically, the package includes a half-day of snorkelling in the spots nearby the main-island, one full day of an island hopping experience including lunch and free time to explore the island, and concludes with a land-based tour on the final day.

TYPICAL 2 DAYS 1 NIGHTS PACKAGE BREAKDOWNThis short trip is usually selected by local tourists who want to spend a quick weekend trip without taking a day-off from work. Most of the tourists who select this package are traveling from nearby cities like Jepara or Semarang. This package includes a half day of snorkelling in the spots nearby the main island such as Menjangan Kecil and Nemo as well as land-based activities on the second day. The price for this package ranges from 750,000 to 800,000. A slight price difference from the 3 days 2 nights package, which accounts for

Most of the local tourists that have visited Karimunjawa choose to join a packaged tour rather than organise their own trip for two main reasons: cheaper price and convenience. (Concluded from several

interviews, 2019)

3.3 Typical Packaged Trip

TYPICAL 3 DAYS 2 NIGHTS PACKAGED TRIP

the use of a faster boat which is more expensive than the standard option.

TYPICAL 4 DAYS 3 NIGHTS PACKAGE BREAKDOWNWhilst the package is longer, the attraction points and price are similar to the 3 days 2 nights package. This package usually offers a cheaper options for the slower boat trip, with a 5 hour travel time from Jepara,arriving in Karimunjawa in the afternoon. The tourists are encouraged to explore land-based activities on the first day and experience two full days out on the boat for snorkelling and to enjoy the islandscape. As the boat to Jepara leaves early in the morning, there are no designated activities on the last day. The cost is approximately IDR 750.000 - 800.000 per person including meals, boat tickets (Jepara - Karimunjawa - Jepara), boat

trips, and accommodation. An additional cost is needed if the tourist would like to upgrade their accommodation.

BOAT TRIP PACKAGEThe use of online booking platforms is growing. Significant numbers of hotels and homestays in Karimunjawa now have their information readily available online to receive direct or indirect bookings. This has allowed for more independent travellers. Upon arrival, they can book the boat trips through their hotel/homestay. This can be completed on the spot as there is no online booking mechanism for boat trips. One full day boat trip costs around IDR 200,000 including snorkelling equipment and lunch on an island. Tourists who select this option tend to prefer a flexible itinerary during their stay in Karimunjawa.


A LOCAL TOUR GUIDE LEADING A GROUP OF TOURISTS IN KARIMUNJAWA PORT (2019)

3.4 Tourism Market Analysis

PROFILE OF VISITORS AND GROWTH According to the data from the Tourism Department of Jepara Regency, 137,835 tourists visited Karimunjawa in 2018. This number was the highest in the last ten years. Interviews with local business owners indicate that the significant increase of tourists began in 2010 when the government began promoting Karimunjawa as a strategic tourism destination of Central Java. This promotion came with arise in packaged tour providers. The data from 2014 to 2018 shows a continuous growth of tourist visits, particularly with domestic tourists, with an average annual

This section is an analysis of the tourism market of Karimunjawa whereby current conditions are highlighted as well as projections of future trends. This includes the number of visits, demographic of visitors, seasonality, as well as growth of hotels and restaurants as the main tourism related businesses in Karimunjawa.

increase of 12.5% per year. Around 90% of visitors are domestic tourists, mostly from the surrounding areas like Jepara, Kudus, Semarang, Salatiga, Solo and Yogyakarta. In an interview with a domestic tourist it was stated that Karimunjawa poses as an affordable destination option for a short vacation. It is particularly attractive for those who live in Central Java. While the number of domestic tourists has increased significantly over the last five years, it has not been the case for foreign visitors.

TOURISM MARKET ANALYSIS

137,835 TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITORS IN 2018

12.5% ANNUAL INCREASE OF TOURIST VISITS (2014-2018)

92.5% LOCAL / DOMESTIC TOURISTS

7.5% FOREIGN TOURISTS

WITH AN ASSUMPTION OF AN AVERAGE SPEND PER TOURIST PER VISIT FOR ACCOMMODATION AND SERVICES AT IDR 1,200,000, AND 137,835 TOURIST VISITS IN 2018, ECONOMIC VALUATION PROJECTIONS EQUAL TO IDR 165 BILLION PER YEAR.

IDR 165 billion

USD 11,6 million

PER YEAR

SEASONALITYAccording to the local tourist guide association in Karimunjawa, the tourism market in Karimunjawa is highly dependent upon seasonality, particularly the conditions of the wind and the sea. During the monsoonal y months of January and February, the islands are not suitable for marine-based activities, hence a dip in visitation is experienced. The peak season for Karimunjawa is summer months of July and August, particularly for domestic tourists, coinciding with school holidays and sunny weather. Meanwhile, the peak seasons for foreign tourists starts from September to December, while August is the peak season for European visitors.

EQUALS TO ECONOMIC VALUE OF

PER YEAR

TOURISM STATISTICS ECONOMIC VALUE

GROWTH OF ACCOMMODATION SERVICESThe accommodation business has doubled from 39 units of hotels and homestay in 2011 to 93 units in 2017. This number represents the growth of small-scale hostels and homestay of 5 to 12 rooms. These businesses are managed by both local Karimunjawa-based as well as external investors. Room rates vary from 150,000 to 300,000 for homestays or bunk-bed style hostel, 400,000 to 650,000 for mid range offerings, to more than IDR 2 million per night for Karimunjawa’s higher end tier.

Chapter 4


Sustainable Development Models: Case Studies

ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES IN KIADAN PLAGA VILLAGE, BALI

This chapter elaborates the existing examples of community-based, community-oriented sustainable tourism development models and area management in general and how it can apply to Karimunjawa, opportunities and risks associated. The best practice will serve as a reference to learn from and explore models or approaches for the implementation of sus-tainable tourism-based development in Karimunjawa.

SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.JED.OR.ID/KIADAN-PLAGA-DAYTRIP.HTML


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEAn alternative form of tourism in comparison to the mass industry. JED has set up a village ecotourism model in more than six villages in Bali. All owned, managed and operated by each village with a central booking and admin team. All profits stay in the village for community development and conservation activities. JED trips are designed to have minimal impact on the local environment. JED aims to foster cross-cultural understanding through facilitating discussions between Balinese locals and outside visitors. JED aims to strengthen transparent and democratic decision-making and cooperation in and between the villages.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAEcotourism principle can be applied in several sites to set a good example of responsible tourism. This could be done with a collaborative effort between BTN, village government, local communities, and the private sector, to develop the ecotourism model.

LOCATIONSEVERAL VILLAGES IN BALI

TYPE OF INITIATIVESCOMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

INITIATORJED-ECOTOURISM NETWORK

REFERENCEHTTP://WWW.JED.OR.ID/

ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY VILLAGE-BASED TOURISM: ECOTOURISM

Jed Ecotourism Network - Bali

ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES IN NYAMBU VILLAGE, BALI (SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.JED.OR.ID/NYAMBU.HTM)

ALTERNATIVE TOUR PACKAGE: TRAVEL AND TEACH LOCAL CHILDREN

idvolunteer_com

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEidvolunteer_com is an alternative tourism package that combines the experience of being a tourist and the experience of teaching local children in remote areas in Indonesia, particularly in Sumba, an area in the eastern part of Indonesia. This type of tour package attracts a new wave of tourists from big cities who want to travel and contribute to a good cause. According to the Instagram page, the target audience of this type of tour package is youth and university students.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWATourism activities in Karimunjawa focus much on its marine potential with snorkelling and diving activities as well as beach experience. With the increased number of tourist visits, diversification of tour package is needed, maximizing Karimunjawa land-based and village potentials.

LOCATIONSUMBA

TYPE OF INITIATIVESALTERNATIVE TOURISM PACKAGE

INITIATORID.VOLUNTEER_COM

REFERENCEHTTPS://WWW.INSTAGRAM.COM/IDVOLUNTEER_COM/


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEMerah Putih Hijau (MPH) is an initiative to empower the community in Desa Pererenan with a fully functioning waste management system including recycling and collection facility owned and operated by the community itself. The waste management system in Desa Perenan include:• Waste bank. • Pick up and separation strategy. • Compost center. • Self-financing model. The initiative has been involving 60 households in 6 Banjars in Desa Pererenan. This initiative is not only focusing on solving waste problem in Perenan, but also set a system that able to generate profit for the local Banjars and Desa.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAThe same model can be replicated for the villages in Karimunjawa that can contribute to solve urgent waste problem in Karimunjawa, while at the same time generate income for local communities.

LOCATIONPERENAN, BALI

TYPE OF INITIATIVESCOMMUNITY-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT

INITIATORMERAH PUTIH HIJAU

REFERENCEHTTP://MPH-BALI.ORG/EN/PERERENAN-PROJECT/

COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Merah Putih Hijau

SOURCE OF PICTURES: HTTP://MPH-BALI.ORG/EN/PERERENAN-PROJECT/

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEVocational training and education center coupled with an environmentally friendly hotel, restaurant and farm. Founded by Sumba Hospitality Foundation, it provides vocational education for underprivileged high school graduates between the ages of 17 and 23 years old. The curriculum focuses not only on hospitality training, but also includes sustainable tourism, environmental awareness, permaculture farming and personal development. The foundation is also engaged in community projects throughout Sumba and have organized the first Sumba Sustainable Tourism Conference back in 2017. Subsequently this launched the Sumba Sustainable Tourism Coalition, an island wide movement.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAA model based upon creating a destination through sustainability, training and an educative experience connecting to the source of community and the environment.

LOCATIONTAMBOLAKA, SUMBA

TYPE OF INITIATIVESEDUCATION & TRAINING/TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

INITIATORSUMBA HOSPITALITY FOUNDATION

REFERENCEHTTP://WWW.SUMBA HOSPITALITY FOUNDATION.ORG/

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION CENTER FOR TOURISM

Sumba Hospitality School

SOURCE OF PICTURE: HTTP://WWW.SUMBAHOSPITALITYFOUNDATION.ORG/?PROJECT=HOTEL-SCHOOL


ABOUT THE INITIATIVETerminal benih is a group of activists in Jakarta who have a concern in preserving local seeds. They also plant high-value agriculture products to be sold to the market. At first, they plant different types of seeds in their own garden. But the increasing demand, had them to think of ways to scale up the productivity. Due to limited land availability in Jakarta‘s city center, they had an idea to use a small piece of area in front of each house in the neighbourhood as a gardening plot. This initiative provides multiple benefits both for the initiator (as they’re able to scale up), the community (as they get a share from the sale of the agriculture product), and the environment (as the initiative turn the urban kampung into a greener and organised area).

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAThe land-sharing model for gardening or farming can be applied in Karimunjawa. As not all land has the same fertility rate and access to water, the community can collaborate with landowners who have fertile land and access to water to plant the crops to improve food production and security in Karimunjawa.

LOCATIONJAKARTA

TYPE OF INITIATIVESURBAN FARMING / FOOD SECURITY

INITIATORTERMINAL BENIH JAKARTA

REFERENCE

UTILIZATION OF SMALL PLOTS OF LAND FOR URBAN FARMING

Terminal Benih SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD & ECONOMIC SECURITY

Food Ladder

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEHydroponics and environmentally sustainable technologies to create food and economic security for communities. Designed systems to grow commercial quantities of nutrient-rich produce around the world. Food Ladder creates an artificial environment in which food production is enhanced. Each social enterprise is owned, operated and managed by the local community themselves. The program creates employment and training opportunities for adults, and educational outcomes for children.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAAccess to water and fertile land are not something that can be found in all parts of Karimunjawa. Thus, in order to improve food security on the island, supporting environment and technology is needed to enhance the quality and quantity of food production in Karimunjawa. The location for supporting facility like green houses needs to be chosen wisely considering the availability of water source.

LOCATIONWORLDWIDE (INDIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA)

TYPE OF INITIATIVESAGRICULTURE/FOOD SECURITY/SOCIAL BUSINESS

INITIATORFOOD LADDER

REFERENCEHTTPS://FOODLADDER.ORG/ABOUT/

SOURCE OF PICTURE: HTTPS://FOODLADDER.ORG/ABOUT/


SOURCE OF PICTURE: HTTPS://LABGOV.CITY/THEURBANMEDIALAB/THE-FAVELA-AS-A-COMMUNITY-LAND-TRUST-THE-CASE-OF-SAN-JUAN-PUERTO-RICO/

LAND MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT

Community Land Trust

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEA community land trust is helping transform an informal settlement around a polluted and flood prone river channel into a sustainable community. It provides a new model for improving informal settlements in cities without them then becoming unaffordable for the original residents. The community land trust has enabled the local community to: legalise the relationship between more than 2,000 families and the land on which their homes stand, guarantee affordable and safe housing, resettle people who lived in high-risk areas in a fair and reasonable way, improve environmental conditions by developing basic infrastructure and dredging the channel, ensure ownership and management of the area by the community and for the community.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAThe case of community land trust in Martin Pena Canal, San Juan, could be a good model for better land management in Karimunjawa, to preclude the community from gentrification. The concept can be adopted in Karimunjawa where the community, collectively, are enabled to manage a communal asset and ensuring the use of the land for the collective benefit of local communities.

LOCATIONSAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO

TYPE OF INITIATIVESLAND MANAGEMENT AND

ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT

INITIATORCOALITION OF 3 INSTITUTIONS: COMMUNITY, GOVERNMENT, COMMUNITY LAND TRUST ORGANIZATION (G8, ENLACE, FIDEICOMISO)

REFERENCEHTTPS://WWW.WORLD-HABITAT.ORG/

WORLD-HABITAT-AWARDS/WINNERS-

AND-FINALISTS/CANO-MARTIN-

PENA-COMMUNITY-LAND-TRUST/

LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT AND ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD

Doi Tung Development Project (DTDP)

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEAlternative livelihood and sustainable development at a regional scale (approximately 15,000 hectares with over 11,000 people from 29 villages). Projects cover human, environment and economic development and have delved into agriculture, tourism, conservation and the creative economy. The destination management components including the development of lodges, art and cultural parks, interactive museums, garden and tree top walks. The project has run for over 30 years and the Mae Fah Luang Foundation is in the process of handing it over to the Project’s social enterprises and next generation of local leaders.

APPLICABILITY TO KARIMUNJAWAA broader-scale landscape development project that is all-encompassing. A regional-scale development plan is needed in Karimunjawa to build a vision-driven tourism development that generates equitable benefit for local communities.

LOCATIONDOI TUNG, GOLDEN TRIANGLE, NORTH THAILAND

TYPE OF INITIATIVESLANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT/ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS

INITIATORMAE FAH LUANG FOUNDATION

REFERENCEHTTP://WWW.DOITUNG.ORG/

SOURCE OF PICTURE: HTTP://WWW.DOITUNG.ORG/OURISM_PACKAGE_TOUR.PHP?ID=20


Islandscape Framework: a Vision

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN KARIMUN VILLAGE (2019)

Chapter 5 This section synthesizes the shared vision of Karimunjawa based upon discussions with local stake-holders captured throughout the process of this action research. This includes six focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with local stakeholders. This chapter has accumulated and integrated our findings into the development of a shared vision for the Karimunjawa islandscape. The key motivation is to harness a development system that supports the existing local community and creates economic opportunities without the compromise placed upon the natural resources and sense of place that has allowed for abundance to occur.

SECURING THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDSCAPE

THROUGH SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

ESTABLISHING A LIVELABORATORY FOR

MARINE CONSERVATION/BIODIVERSITY

EXPANDING FOOD CULTURE BY IMPROVING

FOOD SECURITY

INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE: INSTITUTIONAL

COLLABORATION AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER

ARRANGEMENTS

A CIRCULAR ECONOMYOF WASTE

VISION:TOWARDS KARIMUNJAWA

AS A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATION

A holistic islandscape framework and vision is imperative for Karimunjawa, particularly for stakeholders to find a common platform that encourages collaboration of common area management. This vision is complementary to the ongoing efforts initiated by the government in establishing Karimunjawa as a strategic tourism destination. It also enables the potential to overcome current challenges already experienced within the islandscape.

Through our participatory action research and vision building process, we have synthesized the vision into 5 components that can assist in guiding future programmatic development in the years to come.

The communities of Karimunjawa have spoken out of a common vision that is focused upon principles of environmental stewardship, creative economic opportunities and socially responsible models of tourism development.

The Islandscape Framework: a Vision for a More Sustainable Karimunjawa

GOALS: • Strengthen and harness islandscape identity and inherent sense of place;• Align development with ecosystem services;• Enable equitable development opportunities through

community-based approaches;• Diversification of tourism experiences;• Prosperity of people and nature, in accordance with

ecosystem services and values;• Human capital development.

DESCRIPTION: People and ecology should be at the center of Karimunjawa’s future. In contrast to ad-hoc regional development, Karimunjawa’s ecological assets, ecosystem services and the positioning of local communities should be part of the planning and development process. Karimunjawa’s future success as a destination will rely upon the protection of its ridge to reef islandscape as well as the development of human capital.

SECURING THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDSCAPE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS

AN INTEGRATED ISLANDSCAPE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM: INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ARRANGEMENTS

GOALS: • Strengthen collaboration across levels of

government, civil society and private sector; • Instill effective mechanisms for common

area asset management;• A common vision setting exercise and

DESCRIPTION: Karimunjawa has been designated a strategic tourism destination by the Province of Central Java, although the administrative authority remains as part of the Regency of Jepara. This means that access to funding and full authority has limitations. This is coupled with, at times, conflicting authorities within the provincial government and the national park authority. A more collaborative institutional arrangement amongst the governmental authorities as well as civil society organizations and the private sector has to be established in order to achieve long-term goals stated above. Plans, programs and resources should be coordinated across stakeholders for a holistic and integrated vision.

DESCRIPTION: Waste is not only an issue in Karimunjawa but one of Indonesia’s undeniable

challenges that spans across the archipelago. With Karimunjawa’s population

A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

• An integrated waste management system to account for 100% of waste;

• Waste bank to create revenue streams for the Karimun local economy;

• A self-sustaining model;• An increase in awareness of

personal and collective impacts;• An increase in awareness of visitors and their own impacts;

• A mechanism to account for and tackle issues of marine waste;

• Reduce waste produced in Karimunjawa.

GOALS:

IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY AND

DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL FOOD CULTURE

GOALS: • Sustain and expand

local knowledge on marine conservation and biodiversity.

• Promote national and international research and innovation initiatives.

DESCRIPTION: The ecological assets of Karimunjawa and the close proximity to Java enable tangible potential in the development of an educational ‘live laboratory’ center for marine conservation. Tourist exposure increases impact significantly whereby a knowledge center could simultaneously assist in embedding a culture of conservation within the everyday life of mainstream society.

GOALS: • Securing food shortages in peak seasons;

• Establishing mechanisms for long term sustainability of fish bank;

• Promoting variety and innovation within food availability and preparation;

• Improve local food productivity.

DESCRIPTION: Could Karimunjawa transform the current

food crisis into an opportunity? Karimunjawa is highly dependent upon Java for food

sources and has faced shortages during peak tourist seasons. We are intrigued whether

Karimunjawa could develop food production and alternative agriculture mechanisms to

not only secure its food demands but create opportunities for new cuisines and a fresh

food-based network? Could every hotel and restaurant on the island purchase local

ingredients grown on the island?

ESTABLISHING A LIVE LABORATORY FOR MARINE CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION

and growing tourism economy, there is potential for Karimunjawa to become a demonstrative islandscape that can manage waste effectively. Additionally, discussions on sources of marine waste

should be generated. A circular waste economy could have a direct impact on converting waste into revenue.


Opportunities

ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES (DIVER ASSOCIATION) TO CLEAN THE BEACH AND BUILD ROAD (2019)

Chapter 6This chapter elaborates on the potential opportunities that can be initiated by various stakeholders to harness a more responsible future for the Karimunjawa Islandscape. The initiatives are furthered upon under each section following the format of the previous chapter on the islandscape vision. Certain strategic initiatives will be elaborated to provide an example of the possible pathways for implementation.

92 KARIMUNJAWA: TOWARDS A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE-VISION 93KARIMUNJAWA: TOWARDS A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE-VISION

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

R

TOUR GUIDE “MANUAL”

SHORT TERM

ACHI

EVAB

LEM

ODER

ATE

CHAL

LEN

GIN

G

PILOT SUSTAINABLE- DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

DIVERSIFY BTN EXPERIENCE

COLLABORATIVE ASSET MANAGEMENT

GOALS• Strengthen and harness islandscape

identity and inherent sense of place;• Align development with ecosystem services;• Enable equitable development

opportunities through community-based approaches;

• Diversification of tourism experiences;• Prosperity of people and nature, in

accordance with ecosystem services and values;

• Human capital development.

DESCRIPTIONPeople and ecology should be at the center of Karimunjawa’s future. In contrast to ad-hoc regional development, Karimunjawa’s ecological assets, ecosystem services and the positioning of local communities should be part of the planning and development process. Karimunjawa’s future success as a destination will rely upon the protection of its ridge to reef islandscape as well as the development of human capital.

CATEGORY OF THE INITIATIVES

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

CAMPAIGN FOR “CODE OF CONDUCT”

N

R

V

Securing the Future of the Islandscape through Sustainable Development Pathways

MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM

“ARISAN” FOR TRAINING

BUMDES TRAINING

ALTERNATIVE TOURISM EXPERIENCES

ESTABLISHMENT OF VILLAGE ECOTOURISM

PARTNERSHIP FOR “MARINE CENTER”

RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL SITES

HUMAN IMPACT MONITORING SYSTEM

POTENTIAL LEAD IMPLEMENTER

COLLABORATION MECHANISM

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

NGOs

REGENCY/ DISTRICT GOV.

PRIVATE SECTOR

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT

BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

N

R

V

R

R

R

VENFORCEMENT OF CODE OF CONDUCT & DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

GOV. + GOV. GOV. + PRIVATE COM/NGOs + GOV. COM/NGOs + PRIVATE ALL STAKEHOLDERS

V


DESCRIPTION OF INITIATIVES

POTENTIAL INITIATIVES

DESCRIPTION AND GOALSSCALE OF INVESTMENT

MAIN COMPONENTSPOTENTIAL PROJECT LEAD

POTENTIAL PARTNERS

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE

CAMPAIGN FOR CODE OF CONDUCT

A public campaign to disseminate the tourism code of conduct (with emphasis on conservation and sustainable tourism practices) for tourists, local communities and broader audiences.

Karimunjawa (district) and beyond

• Development of campaign tools & mechanism• Set up collaboration with different stakeholders/

partners• Conduct the campaign systematically through a

different medium

NGO (WCs in collaboration with other NGOs)

HPI, BTN, Village government, private sectors

Multiple: donor, government, private sector

TOUR-GUIDE “MANUAL”

Development of Manual for the local tour guides that aims to improve the storytelling skills of the local tour guides. The Manual could include the history and data of the islands that organised in a compelling and structured way, as a tour guide manual-book.

Karimunjawa (district)

• Content development by (or with) local communities.• Expert inputs to develop a more compelling and

structured materials and format. • Dissemination of manual amongst tour guides in

Karimunjawa.

Community association (HPI)

NGOs or experts or external community associations working on sustainable tourism development.

Donor


So far, tourism activities are highly concentrated on Karimunjawa’s marine areas with not much diversity on activities. This initiative aims to explore alternatives to diversify BTN’s experience in managing its marine and land cultivation zones and tourism zones. With the conservation principle at the heart of the initiative, diversification is possible to reduce the burden of certain areas and create less-risk alternatives, and improve management for BTN’s zone. Collaboration with the private sector or NGOs is also encouraged to promote an effective and collaborative execution.

Karimunjawa: BTN’s marine and land (cultivation and tourism) zones

• Steps for this initiative, could be varied but key components for this initiative would be the willingness of different actors to effectively improve the management of BTN’s zone that bring environmental benefits, while at the same time create alternative for tourism activities.

• Some initial initiatives would be collaboration with HPI as the agent of conservation, or with private sector to create a better mechanism to improve system, etc.

BTNCommunity associations (HPI), private sectors.

n/a

ESTABLISHMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

Establishment of sustainable development guidelines for Karimunjawa which serve as a tool to control the development process and maintain the sustainability of Karimunjawa as a whole. This will include technical guidance on a more sustainable practice of development, including building coefficient, waste-water management system, water provision mechanism, etc.


• Establishment of the development principles for the guideline (based on existing current good practice, or lesson learned from other areas).

• Collaboration with development expert.• Public hearing and consultation.• Dissemination of the guideline.

Regency government

NGOs and expertsRegency, government, Donor

PILOT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

Pilot implementation of a sustainable development model on a specific site. This could be initiated by the local government or private sector or collaboration between both parties to build a concrete example of facilities using a more sustainable development model.

Specific site: public space / hotel / restaurant

• Design the development of specific site (public space / hotel / restaurant) using the principle of sustainable development.

• Implementation phase.

Private sector or village government

Local communitiesPrivate sector or village government

ENFORCEMENT OF CODE OF CONDUCT & DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

The Code of Conduct and Development Guidelines will not be followed without enforcement and monitoring and evaluation from the government. The enforcement mechanism is needed, while at the same time, support from broader stakeholders needs to be built and maintained.


• Set up an enforcement mechanism and team.• Set up collaboration with local actors (community

associations like HPI, BTN, private sectors) as a support system to enforce the code of conduct and development guidelines.

Village and regency government

BTN, Community association (HPI), Private sectors

Regency government


Development of a partnership model between the private sector and local communities or village government with local communities in managing tourism assets in Karimunjawa which will bring benefit both sides, environmentally and economically.

Site-specific (i.e. specific beach owned by the private sector, land owned by village government)

• Set up a collaboration mechanism/system.• Create agreement between the parties that would

benefit both sides (private-comm / gov-comm).• Maintain collaboration.

Private sector or village government

Local communityn/a





POTENTIAL PARTNERS



Development of tourism packages focusing on Karimunjawa land-based potentials.

Karimunjawa and Kemujan island

• Set up the alternative tour packages like trekking, village tour, education package, etc.

• Current potential includes: (1) trekking: forest, visit farming activity, historic site, beach, (2) Half-day fishermen experience/seaweed farming (3) Experiencing VCO production, etc.

Private sector (tour agents / hotels)

Local community (tour guides and community)

Private sector


A private-sector led funding scheme to support capacity-building activities for local workforce. This can be seen as a social contribution of private sectors for local communities, which also serve as an investment for good quality workers.


• Build a Karimunjawa-based private sector association. • Develop the model and mechanism. Could be

in the form of collective CRSs fund for capacity development.

• Identify what type of training is needed by local communities.

• Implementation of the training.

Private sectorLocal communities, Community association, Village government

Private sector

BUMDES TRAINING

BUMDES, as a village-owned enterprise, has so many potentials to be further developed. Yet, the current structure in Karimunjawa seems to be big in structure, but weak in function. Training needs to be done to expose the BUMDES members about innovative ideas to expand the business and improve its managerial capacity.

Village scale

• Identify what type of training needed for BUMDES• Implementation of innovative training method to

expose local communities particularly BUMDES management for innovative ways to run village enterprise.

Regency governmen

NGOs, Private sectors, Community associations

Regency government


Development of Karimunjawa’s villages potentials to be ecotourism destination. This will involve identification of village potentials (culture, community activities, and other assets) and development of the system and mechanism.

Village scale (or smaller)

• Strengthening village potentials i.e. Bugis village.• Develop an ecotourism model and mechanism for

pilot village.• Set up the institutional arrangements (local village

committee).• Collaboration with the private sector to set up

system, infrastructure and marketing.

Village government or community associations

Local communities, or community association

Village budget


Establishment of a marine center as the conservation center and education-tourism facility for marine conservation. This facility could potentially attract a different type of tourist like students or practitioners who have a concern on marine conservation.

Site-specific • Set-up collaboration mechanismPrivate sector in collaboration with NGOs

Regency government, National government

Private sector / donor


Restoration of Karimunjawa historical sites to preserve historical heritage as well as provide an alternative for tourism activities other than marine-based attractions.

Site-specific

• Restoration of historical sites.• Promotional activities to publicize Karimunjawa’s

historical assets as an alternative tourism attraction.Regency government

Village government, Provincial government, National government

Provincial government, National government


Development of tools to measure how much human impact an ecosystem service can handle. This could be in the form of carrying capacity analysis and development monitoring system that can be applied for different ecosystem service available in Karimunjawa.

Karimunjawa (could be replicated to other areas)

• Assessment and analysis of environmental carrying capacity for ecosystem service in Karimunjawa.

• Development of monitoring system.• Set up implementation mechanism.

National government (BTN)

Regency government, Village government, Community associations, Local communities

National government (BTN)


PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY BUILDING


POTENTIAL INITIATIVES YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 51 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CAMPAIGN FOR CODE OF CONDUCT

TOUR-GUIDE “MANUAL”


ESTABLISHMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

PILOT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

ENFORCEMENT OF CODE OF CONDUCT & DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE




BUMDES TRAINING





TIMELINE OF INITIATIVES


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING


SOUTH COAST OF KARIMUNJAWA, THE DENSEST AREA IN THE ISLANDSCAPE

ESTABLISHMENT OF GUIDELINES AS A DEVELOPMENT CONTROL TOOLS IN KARIMUNJAWA

Sustainable Development Guideline

BACKGROUND• Development in Karimunjawa has increased

rapidly in the last few years. There are no tools currently to control the development process.

• Development guidelines and enforcement is needed to ensure projects meet the

STRATEGIC INITIATIVE #1

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEThe establishment of sustainable development guidelines for Karimunjawa which can serve as a tool to control the development process.n. This includes technical guidance of more sustainable development practices, for individual projects and region wide initiatives. Guidelines for area development should include sustainable practice for basic infrastructure provisions (water, waste-water), whilst individual building codes should include guidelines on building coefficient, waste-water management systems and water provision mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES• Balance development with ecosystem

services, through creation of development mechanisms and safeguarde tools.

SCALE OF INTERVENTIONKARIMUNJAWA (DISTRICT)


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAMEMEDIUM-TERM

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE REGENCY GOVERNMENT FUNDING,

DONOR

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• Establishment of the development principles for the guideline. This

could be developed based on existing current good practice, or based

on lessons learned from other areas. The guideline should also be

elaborated on different scales: area development guidelines and

individual building codes.

• Collaboration with development expert. Inputs are needed from an

expert for highlighting the carrying capacity and establishment of

sustainable development guidelines tailored for Karimunjawa.

• Public hearing and consultation. Input from village government

and practitioners are important in localizing the guidelines for the

Karimunjawa Islandscape.

• Formalization and dissemination of the guidelines. In order to

function, the guidelines should be adopted to local regulations,

enforcement mechanisms should be set in place and dissemination to

broader stakeholders including landowners, investors and developers.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT• There needs to be an initiative and willingness from local tour guide

association to improve their capacity as tour guides.

• Funding can possibly be accessed through different sources, with

assistance from local NGOs.

• External expertise is needed to bring fresh external perspectives on

how information should be delivered to tourists particularly story-

telling opportunities and narrative development.

RISK• Enforcement and commitment from local government will ultimately

play a major factor for the implementation of development

guidelines.

NGOs DEV. EXPERTS

REGENCY GOV. (KABUPATEN JEPARA)

R

V

VILLAGE GOV.

PRIVATE SECTOR

R

PROVINCIAL GOV.


A TOUR GUIDE LEAD A GROUP OF TOURISTS IN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

DEVELOPMENT OF A HANDBOOK FOR TOUR GUIDES

Tour Guide “Manual”

BACKGROUND• Skills and knowledge of tour guides have

not been standardized. • English proficiency of local tour guides

varies. Only a small percentage speak English.


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEThe main component of the initiative is the development of a Manual for local tour guides that aim to improve local narrative and folklore. The Manual consists of unique information that structures the narrative of the islandscape, ranging from the history of Karimunjawa, the profile of the area, uniqueness of villages, cultures and the various sites visited. This Manual can also provide basic tips on how to explain information in English. It aims to enrich the knowledge of the local guide to become rightful stewards of their islandscape and to deliver compelling and informative stories for visitors to capture and engage in.

OBJECTIVES• Human capital development.• Equitable development through

community-based approaches.• Strengthen/harness identity and sense of

place.



SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAMESHORT-TERM

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE DONOR

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• Content development by (or with) local communities.

Documentation of unique information, ranging from the history of Karimunjawa, the profile of the area, uniqueness of villages, culture, sites, local folklore, etc.

• Expert inputs to form a well structured material format in order to develop thorough and compelling narratives of Karimunjawa.

• The dissemination and integration of the manual amongst tour guides in Karimunjawa. This will be extremely useful for new local tour guides that still have limited experience.

• A series of capacity building workshops for local tour guides, particularly related to developing English skills.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT• There needs to be an initiative and willingness from the local tour

guide association to improve their capacity as tour guides. • Funding can possibly be accessed through different sources, with

assistance from local NGOs. • External expertise is needed to bring fresh perspectives on how

information should be delivered to tourists.

RISK• Risk is quite minimal for this initiative, as long as the local tour

guides show willingness to participate in collectively improving their own capacity.

• Need full support from the tour-guide association.

EXTERNAL COMMUNITY

ASSOC. WORKING ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEV.

NGOs

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION (HIMPUNAN PRAMUWISATA INDONESIA)


FRIDAY CLEAN-UP

SHORT TERM

ACHI

EVAB

LEM

ODER

ATE

CHAL

LEN

GIN

G


ENVIRONMENTAL (WASTE) LITERACY

BANK SAMPAH EXPERT WORKSHOP

SCALE-UP BANK SAMPAH PROGRAM

V

A Circular Economy for Waste Management

ALUN-ALUN “PLASTIC-FREE ZONE”

WATER TUMBLER CAMPAIGN

RAINWATER HARVESTING

REDUCE PLASTIC POLICY


WASTE-BIN INSTALLATION

WASTE WATER TREATMENT



N

V

R

R

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

NGOs


PRIVATE SECTOR


VILLAGE GOVERNMENT


N

R

V

V

V

GOV. + GOV. GOV. + PRIVATE COM/NGOs + GOV. COM/NGOs + PRIVATE ALL STAKEHOLDERSGOALS:• An integrated waste management system

to account for 100% of waste; • Waste bank to create revenue streams for

the Karimun local economy;• A self-sustaining model;• An increase in awareness of personal and

collective impacts;• An increase in awareness of visitors and

their own impacts;• A mechanism to account for and tackle

issues of marine waste;• Reduce waste produced in Karimunjawa.

DESCRIPTION:Waste is not only an issue in Karimunjawa but one of Indonesia’s undeniable challenges that spans across the archipelago. With Karimunjawa’s population and growing tourism economy, there is potential for Karimunjawa to become a demonstrative islandscape that can manage waste effectively. Additionally, discussions on sources of marine waste should be generated. A circular waste economy could have a direct impact on converting waste into revenue.


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

V

INTEGRATED WASTE-MANAGEMENT FACILITY





POTENTIAL PARTNERS



A capacity building to local communities, particularly children on the waste issue. In the long run, this initiative aims to build environmentally friendly behaviour and build a culture of resilience to Karimunjawa’s youth as the future agents of change.

Village-scale

• Create a collaboration to run the program, possibly lead by NGO.

• Capacity building at schools (elementary and junior high school).

NGOs

External practitioners/experts to share expertise, schools, youth.

Donor


Bank sampah is a mechanism to reduce the volume of unmanaged non-organic waste in Karimunjawa, while at the same time increase people’s awareness of waste, where people can exchange their waste to savings. This program aims to scale-up the operations of current Bank Sampah.

Village-scale

• Improve the mechanism to scale-up the function. • Increase the area of work (invite more members from

other RW’s to join).• Capacity building on management.• Create a collaboration with hotel and restaurant. • Create a collaboration with government institutions.

Bank Sampah Anugrah

Women groups in other RW or village; Local government; Private sector.

Local government through Dana Desa


A pilot campaign to reduce the use of plastic in a strategic area, Alun-alun Karimunjawa, as it has become the center of activities in Karimunjawa, both for local communities and tourists. This initiative aims to build collective awareness of local communities and visitors on a waste management issue, and ultimately, reduce the production of plastic waste.

Site-specific: Alun-alun Karimunjawa

• Development of local regulation to set Alun-alun Karimunjawa as a “plastic-free zone”.

• Development of multi-stakeholder collaboration to implement the local regulation.

• Awareness raising and campaign.• Area improvement.

Village Government

Local communities, NGOs, tourism businesses, National government.

Dana Desa, National Government Funding

FRIDAY CLEAN-UP

A once a month (or twice) event to increase the awareness of waste problems in Karimunjawa, which serve as an effort to clean the environment and a campaign to reduce the use of plastic to general all components of communities in Karimunjawa, including local governments, students, hotels and other tourism actors, tourists, women groups, etc. In the long run, this initiative aims to build environmentally friendly behaviour and build a culture of resilience.


• Creation of a program under the village government to activate a common program.

• Put the program into local government action plan (or creation of PERDES) as a regulatory framework for all stakeholders (government, private, NGO, school, community) to do the initiatives.

Village Government

RT Leaders, CSOs, local communities, NGOs, the private sector.

Multiple (possibly from local government through Dana Desa and self-funding from each institution)


An effort to create a behavioural change in Karimunjawa to reduce the production of plastic waste - particularly bottle-, by creating a creative campaign. The effort can be initiated by NGO/local government in collaboration with private sectors to develop an enabling environment for the system to run like provision of refill stations.

Karimunjawa (district) - with a specific target to visitors

• Develop the model and mechanism.• Engage key stakeholders and create collaboration.• Prepare the enabling environment (regulation, system,

mechanism) If possible, create a formal regulatory framework.

NGO and village government

Community organizations (HPI), Private sector (hotel and restaurants), local communities

Multiple (local gov. private sector, donor)


Installation of waste-bin in strategic locations to improve waste management and collection system in Karimunjawa. Village-scale

• Advocacy to Regency Government (or formal proposal through Musrenbang)

• Installation of the waste bins.Village government Regency government

Village or Regency government


A mechanism to reduce the use of plastic and minimize the production of plastic waste, by creating a formal regulation. Enforcement of the policy needs to be done step by step in order to create a smooth and successful transition.


• Discussion/consultation with local stakeholders and experts about the possibility to implement the regulation.

• Drafting the regulation.• Advocacy in all related institutions.

Village government with support from Jepara Government

Jepara government, local communities, NGOs, CSOs, private sectors.

Village government, Kabupaten government funding.

INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Development of an integrated waste management facility that operates at the district scale, serving all islands and villages (Karimun, Kemujan, Parang, Nyamuk). The facility should promote an integrated approach where the landfill is equipped with a waste-to-energy processing facility.


• A continuous advocacy effort.• Construction of integrated waste management facility,

includes: and separation strategy, organic waste processing, a waste-to-energy processing facility.

• Improvement on the collection mechanism and coverage area.

Jepara Government

Village government, Provincial government, the national government.

National Government funding





FRIDAY CLEAN-UP





INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY




SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING


V

ALUN-ALUN KARIMUNJAWA (2019)

A PILOT CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE THE USE OF PLASTIC IN STRATEGIC AREA

Alun-alun “Plastic-free Zone”

BACKGROUND• Alun-alun is the center of the towns

activities in Karimunjawa. • Production of waste is increasing over

time. • Campaign to reduce the use of plastic

needs to be started immediately.


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEWaste management in Karimunjawa includes infrastructure development, educational programs and a reductionist approach of production. It targets local communities and visitors alike to become aware of how they contribute in generating waste which is then aligned with proper mechanisms to manage and process the waste itself. Therefore, an integrated system must be established.

OBJECTIVES• Reduce waste locally produced• Increase collective awareness of local

communities• Increase awareness of visitors

SCALE OF INTERVENTIONSITE SPECIFIC: ALUN-ALUN

KARIMUNJAWA


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAMESHORT-TERM

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

VILLAGE GOV.

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE DANA DESA, NATIONAL

GOVERNMENT FUNDING, CSR

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• Development of local regulation to designate Alun-alun Karimunjawa

as a “plastic-free zone”.

• Development of multi-stakeholder collaboration to implement the

local regulation.

• Preparation: awareness-raising campaigns and training to local

communities (food vendors, kiosk, and local business) on the new

plastic free designation.

• Set up a support system for alternative materials to replace the

function of plastic (environmentally friendly bag, tumbler, straw, etc.)

• Campaign development for visitors (video, signage). This can be

disseminated prior to the visit, and on-site.

• Area improvement: installation of waste bin, signage, drainage, and

waste-water management, provision of shelter for food vendors, etc.

• Create enforcement and incentive mechanisms as well as multi-

stakeholder monitoring and evaluation/campaign team to oversee the

implementation.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT• The lead implementer needs to have an active role in creating and

implementing the local regulation. However, the process needs to

involve various stakeholders in order to build collective awareness

and a sense of public ownership.

• A strong collaboration amongst different actors in Karimunjawa:

government, NGOs, private sectors, local communities, in order to

ensure successful implementation.

RISK• There is a risk of rejection from local communities if the program is

not communicated well. A participatory planning process that involves

every actor in Karimunjawa, both local communities and those

involved in tourism industries, in the development of the regulation is

strongly suggested.

• Another risk is enforcement and communication with tourists

ensuring they abide the local regulations as well.

• Physical improvement of the area might take a longer time due

to dependency on the higher-level funding source. Various non-

government funding sources might be needed.

N R

COMMUNITY ASSOC.

NGOs

NAT. GOV REG. GOV PRIVATE SECTOR

BUSINESS ASSOC.


NRVHTTPS://I.YTIMG.COM/VI/Z5WJPBHAZTY/MAXRESDEFAULT.JPG

IN-SITU WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY FOR THE ISLANDSCAPE

Integrated Waste Management FacilitySTRATEGIC INITIATIVE #4

BACKGROUND• Waste is the most urgent infrastructure gap

in Karimunjawa as there is currently no formal management in place.

• Waste has increased over time.• Formal waste management needs to be put in

place.

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEAs the development in Karimunjawa grows rapidly and waste has increased over time, the development of an integrated waste management facility is strongly needed in Karimunjawa. This operates at the district scale, serving all islands and villages (Karimun, Kemujan, Parang, Nyamuk). Ideally, an area like Karimunjawa, small islands located far from the main island, should have an integrated system whereby the landfill is equipped with a waste-to-energy processing facility. The model should also promote a self sustaining model where it could also generate income for Karimunjawa.

OBJECTIVES• Development of an integrated waste

management system and collection mechanism to account for 100% of the waste.

• A self sustaining model.



SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAMELONG-TERM

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

VILLAGE GOV.

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT FUNDING

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• A continuous advocacy effort to regency government (Kabupaten

Jepara), the Provincial Government, and the National Government.• A thorough assessment or study of the possible sites and a

detailed engineering design of the facility.• Impact assessment.• Public hearing and community outreach. • Construction of integrated waste management facility, which

includes: pick-up and separation strategy, organic waste processing as well as a waste-to-energy processing facility.

• Improvement on the collection mechanism and coverage area including all villages in Karimunjawa (Karimun, Kemujan, Parang, Nyamuk).

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT• Need active engagement from local (village) government as well

as regency government for advocacy to the Provincial and National

government.

• Funding must become available for implementation (either from

National or Provincial Government).

• Dependent upon strong partnership between different actors in

Karimunjawa: government, NGOs, private sectors, local communities,

in order to ensure successful implementation.

RISK• There is a risk of rejection from local communities in regards to site

selection of the waste management facility. The location should

be situated away from the settlement areas and does not have an

impact on the water sources.

• Physical construction of the waste management facility might take

time due to dependency on a higher-level funding source.

• A temporary system might be needed to fill-in gaps before the ideal

facility is constructed in Karimunjawa.

REGENCY GOV. (KABUPATEN JEPARA)

R

PROVINCIAL GOV.

NATIONALGOV.


“KNOW YOUR FISH”CAMPAIGN

Improving Food Security and Development of Local Food Culture

SHORT TERM

ACHI

EVAB

LEM

ODER

ATE

CHAL

LEN

GIN

G

GREENHOUSE / GARDEN

DIVERSIFY LOCAL CUISINE

VILLAGE COOKING COMPETITION

GOALS:• Securing food shortages in peak

seasons;• Establishing mechanisms for long term

sustainability of fish bank; • Promoting variety and innovation within

food availability and preparation;• Improve local food productivity.

DESCRIPTION:Could Karimunjawa transform the current food crisis into an opportunity? Karimunjawa is highly dependent upon Java for food sources and has faced shortages during peak tourist seasons. We are intrigued whether Karimunjawa could develop food production and alternative agriculture mechanisms to not only secure its food demands but create opportunities for new cuisines and a fresh food-based network? Could every hotel and restaurant on the island purchase local ingredients grown on the island?



SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

V


LINKING LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION WITH LOCAL MARKET

TOGA DESA (TANAH DESA FOR FARMING)

KARIMUN “GARDEN SHARE”

SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT



V

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

NGOs


PRIVATE SECTOR


VILLAGE GOVERNMENT


N

R

V







POTENTIAL PARTNERS


GREENHOUSE / GARDEN

Access to water and fertile land are not something that can be found in all parts of Karimunjawa. Thus, in order to improve food security on the island, supporting environment and technology is needed to enhance the quality and quantity of food production in Karimunjawa. Location of the greenhouse /garden needs to be chosen wisely considering the availability of water source.

Site-specific

• Find a location with easy access to water.• Establish the greenhouse / garden.• Set a collaboration mechanism with local communities/

community associations for the operation of the greenhouse.

• Develop a connection to the local market: hotel & restaurants.

Private sectorsCommunity association / Local communities

Private sectors


Currently, culinary experience in Karimunjawa is good but rather limited in terms of options. There should be ways to diversify local cuisine and develop an iconic Karimunjawa dishes, that not only become the identity of Karimunjawa but also become one of the selling points and reasons for people to come to Karimunjawa, beside its beautiful natural environment.


• Explore options to diversify local cuisine. • Build a stronger identity on specific iconic dishes of

Karimunjawa and create a narrative on it. • Effective promotions through social media (could be done

through travel agents or local government’s promotional materials).

Local communities, private sector (tour agents, hotels, restaurants)

Community associations

Private sector


One way to explore and diversify local cuisine is by conducting village cooking competition that embraces the different cultures of each village. Each village should come with their best local food. This process also aims to develop the character and strengthen the identity of each village, particularly on the culinary experience.

Karimunjawa district (with participation from each village)

• Conduct the village cooking competition at district level, which participated by each village (either desa or dusun).

Kecamatan government

Village governments, local communities, community associations, private sectors

Kecamatan government

“KNOW YOUR FISH” CAMPAIGN

Some of the fish that currently consumed in Karimunjawa are valuable for coral conservation, so it should not be massively consumed. The “know your fish” campaign is a conservational campaign that aims to educate tourists and local communities to understand the types of fish in Karimunjawa, as well as media to know more about the type of fish that we eat.


• Development of a database on the type of fish in Karimunjawa, which one are consumable, which one is valuable for conservation.

• Development of a mobile application for “know your fish’ campaign.

• Dissemination of application.

NGOs

Fishermen communities, tour guide association, village government, tour agents

Donor


An effort to link local production with local market (hotels and restaurants).

Karimunjawa• Establishment of cooperation between farmers and local

market.

Farmers association / community groups

Private sectors (hotels and restaurants)

n/a

KARIMUNJAWA “GARDEN SHARE”

Implementation of a land-sharing model for community gardening or farming. The community group who has a concern on farming can collaborate with landowners who have fertile land and access to water to use part of their land/garden to plant the crops to improve food production and security in Karimunjawa.

Specific-site (private land owned by communities)

• Development the garden-share model: mechanism and benefit sharing.

• Implementation of the initiative.• Develop a connection to the local market: hotel &

restaurants.

Community associations (i.e. Seneng Nandur community)

Local communities, private sector (funding), donor

Community associations; Donor; Private sectors (CSR)


Another land-sharing model for farming, utilizing village land. As the village government have land under their authority, it will be useful to create a government-community collaboration to increase the productivity of the land.

Specific site (public land owned by the village)

• Set-up government-community partnership model to utilize the village land for community farming.

• Implementation of the initiative.• Develop a connection to the local market: hotel &

restaurants.

Community association (i.e. PKK - women group association)

Village government n/a


Development (or continuation and expansion) of a system to improve the practice of fisheries activities which consider the long term sustainability of the fishery sector in Karimunjawa. Some of the effort that can be done i.e. fishery quantification model (already developed by WCS), implementation of sustainable fisheries practices (regulation and enforcement).


• Broader dissemination of fishery quantification model.• Development of regulation and enforcement mechanism of

sustainable fisheries management.NGOs (i.e. WCS)

National government (BTN), local communities (fishermen)

Multiple: Donor, National government



GREENHOUSE / GARDEN



“KNOW YOUR FISH” CAMPAIGN


KARIMUNJAWA “GARDEN SHARE”





SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING


ONE PLOT OF LAND UTILIZED BY SENENG NANDUR COMMUNITY IN KARIMUNJAWA

UTILIZATION OF SMALL PLOTS OF LAND FOR A SHARED-FARMING MODEL

Karimunjawa “Garden-share”

BACKGROUND• Karimunjawa is highly dependent upon

food supply from Java. • In certain season, supply is disrupted by

the condition of the weather, causing a significant increase in the price of food in Karimunjawa.


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEThis initiative entails the implementation of a land-sharing model for community gardening or farming. The community group whom is concerned with farming can collaborate through mechanisms directly with landowners with fertile land and access to water. Conceptually, the initiative will bring multiple benefits both for the initiator (as they’re able to scale up production), the community (as they receive a share from the sales of the agricultural product), and the environment (as the initiative utilizes productive land in a systematic manner).

OBJECTIVES• Securing food shortages in peak seasons.• Improve local food productivity.• Promoting variety and innovation.

SCALE OF INTERVENTIONSPECIFIC-SITE (PRIVATE LAND

OWNED BY COMMUNITIES)


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS;

DONOR; PRIVATE SECTORS (CSR)

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• Development of the garden-share model: mechanism and benefit-

sharing. The community can plant high-value crops to maximize benefits.

• Institutional strengthening for community associations whom manage the garden share (establishment of mechanism).

• Implementation of the initiative.• Develop a connection to the local market: hotels and restaurants

to sell the product.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT• There must be community buy-in, ambition and initiative. • Need an initial funding source to strengthen current capacity and

set up preliminary activities. The scale of operation can also be leveraged with external funding (i.e. CSR).

• Access to market is key in sustaining this initiative. Thus, planting high-value crops of high demand by hotels and restaurants will be beneficial for both sides, particularly to meet the needs within the peak tourism season.

RISK• Risk is quite minimal for this initiative, as long as the existing local

community association puts forth a strong willingness to adopt and implement the idea.

• The idea needs to be internalized within the community group; a common vision and goals must be aligned for all members. If the spirit to scale-up operations is low and the goals to improve food security in Karimunjawa are not internalized, there is risk that operations will not take off.

COMMUNITY ASSOC.


DONORPRIVATE SECTORS


An Integrated Islandscape Governance System: INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ARRANGEMENTS

SHORT-TERM

ACHI

EVAB

LEM

ODER

ATE

CHAL

LEN

GIN

G

STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION

VISION SETTING FOR VILLAGES

GOALS:• Strengthen collaboration across levels of

government, civil society and private sector; • Instill effective mechanisms for common

area asset management;• A common vision setting exercise

and agreed consensus amongst all

stakeholders on Karimunjawa’s future.

DESCRIPTION:Karimunjawa has been designated a strategic tourism destination by the Province of Central Java, although the administrative authority remains as part of the Regency of Jepara. This means that access to funding and full authority has limitations. This is coupled with, at times, conflicting authorities within the provincial government and the national park authority. A more collaborative institutional arrangement amongst the governmental authorities as well as civil society organizations and the private sector has to be established in order to achieve long-term goals stated above. Plans, programs and resources should be coordinated across stakeholders for a holistic and integrated vision.



SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

N

BTN

V

MEDIUM-TERM LONG-TERM

DEVELOPMENT OF A SHARED-VISION FOR KARIMUNJAWA

ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ISLANDSCAPE FORUM

AN ISLANDSCAPE FUND




N

BTN

R

R

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

NGOs


PRIVATE SECTOR


VILLAGE GOVERNMENT


N

R

V


STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP: INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION




AN ISLANDSCAPE FUND







POTENTIAL PARTNERS


STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION

A multi-stakeholder workshop to establish intersectoral collaboration for different issues in Karimunjawa. This workshop could be initiated and led by either BTN or Kabupaten Jepara and inviting different stakeholders including different government agencies, the private sector and NGOs.

Karimunjawa district (involving higher level stakeholder)

• Initiate the stakeholder workshop to begin intersectoral collaboration by inviting a diverse range of stakeholders at the same table: local gov, NGOs, private sectors, community associations, etc.

BTN Regency Government; Village Government

BTN


A process to discuss the vision for each village. This process aims to build greater awareness of the direction that will be taken by each village in regard to village development.

Each village in Karimunjawa

• Raise awareness about the current pressing problem using a “scenario thinking” model: what is going to happen in the future if we do scenario (a), scenario (b), scenario (c), etc.

• Conduct discussions in each village to create a vision for future development. Collaborate with an external expert if needed to facilitate the process.

District government

Village government, NGOs, community associations

Provincial government or Regency Government or Donor


A series of a multi-stakeholder forums to develop a shared vision for Karimunjawa that agreed by all stakeholders.

Karimunjawa district

• Raise awareness in a bigger level using “scenario thinking” model.

• Conduct discussions at Karimunjawa district level to create a shared-vision for Karimunjawa.

Jepara Regency Government

BTN, District gov, NGOs, community associations, private sectors

Provincial government or Regency Government or Donor


Establishment of a forum that will function as a medium for multi-stakeholders communication, to solve common problems or coordinate actions in Karimunjawa.

Karimunjawa district• Stakeholder mapping.• Establishment of the islandscape forum.• Set up a regular agenda for coordination.

BTN or Regency government

All stakeholders Multiple

AN ISLANDSCAPE FUND

To create a mechanism that enable profit sharing mechanism from tourism activities in Karimunjawa to be contributed back to the development of Karimunjawa.

Jepara Regency (to be implemented in Karimunjawa district)

• Higher-level lobby to create a mechanism or platform that maintain tourism profit locally.

Jepara Regency Government

National government, Private sectors

Jepara Regency

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY BUILDING


ONE PLOT OF LAND UTILIZED BY SENENG NANDUR COMMUNITY IN KARIMUNJAWA

THE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FORUM/PLATFORM FOR THE ISLANDSCAPE

An Islandscape Forum

BACKGROUND• Currently, there is no forum in the

Karimunjawa islandscape that serve as a communication platform for Karimunjawa stakeholders to come together, solve common problems or coordinate action.


ABOUT THE INITIATIVEEstablishment of a public forum that will act as a platform for communication and coordination for Karimunjawa. This forum should function as a multi-stakeholder platform that facilitates discussion amongst stakeholders about diverse issues in Karimunjawa, coordinate actions taken by each institution, as well as strengthen collaboration amongst collective action. This forum should be led by one of the leading stakeholders in Karimunjawa that is able to engage with a broader range of stakeholders including local government, local communities, NGOs and private sectors (perhaps BTN as the national entity in the local setting, or Jepara Regency Government).

OBJECTIVES• Strengthen collaboration across

government level, citizen led, and the business sector.

• Vision setting and consensus for all stakeholders.

SCALE OF INTERVENTIONJEPARA REGENCY (TO BE

IMPLEMENTED IN KARIMUNJAWA

DISTRICT)


SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING

TYPE OF INITIATIVES


POTENTIAL PARTNERS

JEPARA REG GOV.

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCE MULTIPLE

COMPONENTS OF THE INITIATIVE• Stakeholder mapping: Identify key stakeholders as founding

partners to establish the islandscape forum, as well as broader stakeholders that should be involved in the process.

• Set-up multi-stakeholder co-financing model to sustain the forum. A co-financing model aims to improve the sense of belonging for all stakeholders involved in the forum.

• Establishment of the islandscape forum. Early discussions should highlight the importance of this movement(mainly to strengthen collaboration across government, citizens, and the business sector), an agenda should be established and topics of concern, how to leverage resources, skillsets and opportunities through collective action, in addition to structure, function and levels of engagement within the entity itself and how it should be formed..

• Set up a regular agenda for coordination. This should involve a coordination mechanism to strengthen and enable ease within the multi-stakeholder collaboration.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

• The lead implementer needs to champion the idea and possess active role in engaging different stakeholders in Karimunjawa. The lead implementer should be an institution that is respected by the others.

• A common agenda or goals are needed in the beginning to initiate the multi-stakeholder collaborative actions towards a more sustainable Karimunjawa. A certain pressing issue (e.g. waste management) can be an entry point for multi-stakeholder collaboration.

RISK• The different interests of various stakeholders in Karimunjawa

might be challenging to manage. Therefore, collaborative actions can be started in order to manage a common problem or concern of all stakeholders.

COMMUNITY ASSOC.

NGOs

PRIVATE SECTOR

BUSINESS ASSOC.


RN

NAT. GOV (BTN)

OR


AnnexThis annex provides additional information as supporting information to the main chapters, including existing initiatives in Karimunjawa, list of interviewees, and focus group discussions.

BOATS DOCKING IN PARANG VILLAGE, KARIMUNJAWA (2019)


Existing Initiatives in Karimunjawa

SUSTAINABLE FISHERY THROUGH QUANTIFICATION

Fishery quantification

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEWildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is an international NGO focusing on wildlife conservation. WCS has been working in Karimunjawa for more than 10 years now and has helped the communities monitor their fish populations, and their income from fishing. WCS’s main objective in Karimunjawa is to raise awareness to local fishermen about the future sustainability of the fishery sector in Karimunjawa. They aim to change the bad practices by providing data and building capacity on the importance of conservation to the local communities, particularly fishermen. WCS in collaboration with Balai Taman Nasional and the local communities has also conducted conservation effort for corals.

INITIATORWCS (WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY)

LOCATIONKARIMUNJAWA

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEDLOCAL FISHERMEN

TYPE OF INITIATIVESCONSERVATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, AWARENESS RAISING, SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

STATUSONGOING

Annex 1

ABOUT THE INITIATIVEAn initiative by local communities in the main island of Karimun to increase the production of

staple food: vegetables and fruits (which currently imported from Java) for local consumption. High dependency on the supply from Java makes some people in Karimunjawa plant vegetables in their

garden, as a hobby, particularly to fulfil the needs in the high wind season, when the boat could not deliver food supplies. These people then form a community for those who have the same hobby,

as a medium to share knowledge, particularly on farming technique. Currently, they have around 30 members in the community. Some only use the vegetables for family consumption, while some others with bigger production, able to sell it to the market. This initiative has the potential to be scaled-up - to

increase productivity and connect to broader market i.e. hotel and restaurants in Karmunjawa - and improve food security in the islands.

LOCAL COMMUNITY INITIATIVE TO PLANT VEGETABLES

Seneng nandur

INITIATORSENENG NANDUR COMMUNITY

LOCATIONKARIMUNJAWA

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEDGROUP OF LOCAL RESIDENTS IN THE MAIN

ISLAND OF KARIMUN

TYPE OF INITIATIVESFARMING

STATUSONGOING


Focus Group Discussions NotesAnnex 2

During the process, six group discussions were conducted in order to get understanding about Karimunjawa which also serve as a process of vision building amongst the local community in Karimunjawa. Four focus group discussions were conducted in 4 villages (once in each village) with local communities. Two other discussion was conducted with Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (Karimunjawa) - local guide associations- in order to further understand the issues and vision on future tourism development.

FGD IN NYAMUK VILLAGE

VISIONFuture development in Nyamuk has to put emphasize on supporting the community fisheries and improvement on inter-island transportation as well as basic infrastructure in the islands to improve mobility and communication.

26 March 2019

FGD IN KARIMUN VILLAGE

VISIONKarimun’s community wants to

emphasize its future development on two main sectors: tourism industries that

respect local cultures and sustainable/environmentally friendly fisheries.

28 March 2019

N

P. PARANG

P. Kumbang


P. Menyawakan


P. NYAMUK

P. Mrico

P. Sintok

Gs. Tengah

P. Cilik

P. KEMUJAN

P. KARIMUN

P. Gundul

P. CendekianP. Tengah

P. Genting

P. Sambangan

P. Seruni

P. Krakal Besar

P. Krakal Kecil

P. Geleang

P. Menjangan KecilP. Burung

P. Cemara Kecil

P. Menjangan Besar

P. Batu

Gs. Seloka

Gs. Selikur

Gs. Kumbang

Karang Besi

Karang Katang

Karang Kapal

Taka Menyawakan

PARANG VILLAGE

NYAMUK VILLAGE

KEMUJAN VILLAGE

KARIMUN VILLAGE6 RWs, 23 RTs, 12 islands, 46.24 km2




FGD IN PARANG VILLAGE

VISION: The community of Parang see the future of the islands as a fishermen

village with future development of the tourism sector. They also want to improve the agro sector as they have

quite a fertile land.

25 March 2019

FGD IN KEMUJAN VILLAGE

VISIONKemujan should foster its tourism development, which supported with economic and education facilities to support communities economy and human development.

27 March 2019

FGD WITH TOUR GUIDE ASSOCIATIONS

CHALLENGES: Massive growth of tourism put the environment at risk and challenge the sustainability of tourism in Karimunjawa. Benefit is not distributed equally. PRESSING ISSUE: How to create tourism models that is more sustainable while at the same time bring benefit to local communities.


List of IntervieweesAnnex 3

DATE INTERVIEWEES ORGANIZATION / INSTITUTION

Monday, 18 March 2019 Tomi Ashari Local community / HPI/ fishermanTuesday, 19 March 2019 Bpk. Abdul Rosyid,

Bpk. Abdul Rozak, Bpk. Achadi

Carik dan Perangkat Desa Kemujan

Bpk. Abdullah Community leader in Kemujan VillageBpk. Hasanuddin Fishermen / RT leader / fish broker

Wednesday, 20 March 2019

Bpk. Arif Rahman Petinggi Desa Karimun

Bpk. Sutris Balai Taman Nasional (BTN)Pantok, Jamal Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)Jamal, Amrullah, Tomi Ashari Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (HPI)Bpk. Ali Irfan DPD (Dewan Perwakilan Desa)

Thursday, 21 March 2019 Bpk. Mukhlis Homestay owner: Puri Karimun

Bpk. Saiful Driver associationObed Homestay associationIbu Wasiati Food seller in Ujung Gelam beachBpk. Saharuddin Fisherman (using compressor) Ibu Anita Ketua PKK Desa KarimunBpk. Abdul Halim Tokoh NU Karimunjawa

Saturday, 23 March 2019 Yarhan / Ambon Owner of Resort Bunga Cabe and AKAR VolunteerMonday, 25 March 2019 Pak Suyadi Carik Desa ParangTuesday, 26 March 2019 Petinggi Nyamuk Petinggi Desa NyamukWednesday, 27 March 2019

Ibu Sulastri Bidan Pulau Kemujan

Thursday, 28 March 2019 Bpk. Andreas Yayasan Pitulikur PuloSunday, 31 March 2019 Bpk. Solikul Religious leader in Karimunjawa

NO INSTITUTION ROLE & RESPONSIBILITIES IN KARIMUNJAWA1 DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM

(ALL LEVEL)• Tourist destination management/governance• Tourism promotion• Infrastructure for tourism

2 REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCY (ALL LEVEL)

• Organizing participatory planning & budgeting• Formulating city development plan

3 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT(ALL LEVEL)

• Environmental impact assessment• Environmental impact monitoring/control• Mediation in environmental conflict• Solid-waste management• Public park management

4 PUBLIC WORK & SPATIAL PLANNING(ALL LEVEL)

• Build public infrastructure such as road, drainage, etc.• Formulating city spatial planning• Permit on built construction such as hotel, house, restaurant, etc.

5 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES (ALL LEVEL)

• Empowering fisherman with capacity building, access to the loan, equipment assistance grants, etc.

• Developing infrastructure for marine and fishing

6 KECAMATAN KARIMUNJAWA • Proxy of Jepara Government• Administrative stuff such as identity card,• Manage public service delivery which haven’t been tackled by specific/

technical dept such as water and electricity before 2017

7 VILLAGE GOVERNMENT • Autonomous administrative/government• National Government allocated 1,5-1,8 billion rupiah per year to Desa for

development• Have public company but doesn’t work properly• Have no direct revenue from tourism

8 KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

• Forest and marine conservation• Manage tourist destination under their jurisdiction• Generate money from tourism

9 WATER POLICE (POLAIR) • Maintain public security and order in ocean• Fostering community regarding marine safety and security

10 HARBORMASTER (SYAHBANDAR)

• Enforcing the regulations of a particular harbor and port, in order to ensure the safety of navigation, the security of the harbor and the correct operation of the port facilities. Oversee the maintenance and provision of navigational aids within the port, co-ordinate responses to emergencies, inspect vessels and oversee pilotage services.

11 COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER (PUSKESMAS)

• Campaigning on healthy life style • Health care services

Stakeholder Mapping: Gov. InstitutionAnnex 4


Thanks to

HIMPUNAN PRAMUWISATA INDONESIA (HPI) KARIMUNJAWA

BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

DISTRICT GOVERNMENT OF KARIMUNJAWA

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF KARIMUN

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF KEMUJAN

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF PARANG

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF NYAMUK

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY (WCS) KARIMUNJAWA

PKK KARIMUNJAWA

DRIVERS ASSOCIATION

HOMESTAY ASSOCIATION

YAYASAN PITULIKUR PULO

ALL COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT HAS HELPED THE PROCESS

140 KARIMUNJAWA: A COMMUNITY-BASED ISLANDSCAPE INITIATIVE

karimunjawa...karimun and kemujan island serve as the main economic and transportation hubs. the...

Documents