june 6, 2019 | madrid forum feasibility of power-to-x projects
TRANSCRIPT
June 6, 2019 | Madrid Forum
Feasibility of
Power-to-X ProjectsDr. Volkmar Pflug, VP Energy Economics
siemens.tld/keywordRestricted © Siemens AG 2019
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2019-06-06Page 2 V. Pflug: Feasibility of Power-to-X Projects – Madrid Forum
Power-to-Hydrogen as a basis for sector coupling – Convert
electricity in chemical form as energy carrier and feedstock
Solar (PV)
Wind
H2O
O2H2
Haber-Bosch
N2
Ammonia(and secondary products, Urea,
DAP)
Methane
Methanol(and secondary products, e.g.
MTBE, gasoline, kerosene)
Fischer-Tropsch products (diesel, wax)
➢ Fertilizer
➢ Chemical feedstock
➢ As carrier for hydrogen or direct use
for energy
➢ Carbon-neutral fuels - mobility, heat
➢ Chemical feedstock
➢ Re-electrification (long-term storage)
Hydrogen
➢ Direct use for mobility (fuel cell)
➢ Re-electrification (turbines, engines =
long-term storage)
➢ Chemical feedstock (e.g. refinery)
Power Generation Conversion Applications
Air separation
Geothermal
Intermittent RES
Continuous RES
N2
Syntheses,
e.g. Fischer-Tropsch
Water
electrolysis
Hydro
Biomass
PtHydrogen
PtAmmonia
PtC-based Fuels
Electrical
energy
CO2CO2
Direct air capture
Capture from flue gases(power, industry)
2
1
3
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Patagonia, Chile: Producing synthetic methanol through
electrolysis from wind power – Decarbonize European fuel
Case Study Patagonia: Green Methanol
Regulatory Barriers
• Lack of level-playing field of green fuels versus
e-mobility
• Well-to-wheel vs. tank-to-wheel principles
• Recognition of imported green fuels
Economic Opportunities – Political Challenges
• Generate hydrogen from renewable power at
best wind location and convert to Green
Methanol
• Use green methanol as an alternative to Bio-
Ethanol for blending of fossil fuel or as a
feedstock, e. g. for anti-knocking agents
Project Overview
1
CO2-neutral fuels
in mobility
Transport to
Europe
MARKET
CO₂-neutral fuels
Sector coupling
Renewable energy
Conversion into
liquid fuels
Green Methanol
SynthesisElectrolysis
Renewable
Power
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Reallabor Leuna: Generate green fuel and use it for methanol
synthesis and further application
Case Study GreenHydroChem Leuna
Regulatory Barriers
• Unclear and outstanding definition on e-fuels in
RED II
Economic Opportunities – Political Challenges
• Displace hydrogen produced from SMR with green hydrogen
• Use existing infrastructure, i. e. Methanol Plant at refinery
• Capture and re-use CO2 emissions from refinery
• Use case: Renewable power to fuel and chemical feedstock
• Green H2 as feedstock for a carbocycle project
Project Overview
2
Siemens Technology: Silyzer 300, H2 compression)
Main Partners: Linde, Fraunhofer
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Reallabor Lingen: Generate Green Hydrogen from renewable
power, store and re-electrify in a gas turbine
Case Study GET-H2 Lingen
Regulatory Barriers
• German Renewable Energies Act (EEG)
• Public funding limit at € 15m (Reallabore)
Economic Opportunities – Political Challenges
• Technology to reach German target of reducing
GHG emissions
• Develop and demonstrate capability to burn 100% hydrogen in a (existing) gas turbine
• Demonstrate ability to upgrade existing gas power plants to hydrogen compliance
• Utilize gas storage in caverns to demonstrate long-term storage capabilities to solve the problem of the supply with renewable energy even in times of “dark doldrums”
Project Overview
3
Siemens Technology: SGT-A65, Silyzer 300, HT heat pump
Main Partners: NOWEGA, RWE, H&R
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Siemens Hydrogen Gas Turbines for our sustainable future –
The mission is to burn 100% hydrogen
Heavy-duty
gas turbines
Industrial
gas turbines
Aeroderivative
gas turbines
50H
z5
0H
z o
r60H
z60H
z450 MW
329 MW
187 MW
310 MW
215 to 260 MW
117 MW
60 to 71/58 to 62 MW
27 to 37/28 to 38 MW
4 to 6 MW
48 to 57 MW
40/34 to 41 MW
33/34 MW
24/25 MW
10 to 14/11 to 15 MW
8/8 to 9 MW
5/6 MW
41 to 44 MW
SGT5-9000HL
SGT5-8000H
SGT5-4000F
SGT5-2000E
SGT6-9000HL
SGT6-8000H
SGT6-5000F
SGT6-2000E
SGT-A65
SGT-800
SGT-A45
SGT-750
SGT-700
SGT-A35
SGT-600
SGT-400
SGT-300
SGT-100
SGT-A05
593 MW
405 MW
5
10
15
27
5
10
25
27
15
50
100
40
55
15
60
10
30
30
65
2 15
100
65
100
DLE burner Diffusion burner with unabated NOx emissionsWLE burner1 ISO, Base Load, Natural GasVersion 2.0, March 2019
Higher H2 contents
to be discussed
on a project
specific basis
Values shown are indicative
for new unit applications and
depend on local conditions and
requirements. Some operating
restrictions/special hardware
and package modifications
may apply. Any project >25%
requires dedicated engineering
for package certification.
H2 capabilities in vol. %Gas turbine model Power Output1
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Renewable hydrogen into the
for wind and solar power to decarbonize the economy
of the futureenergy carrier
We are ready to turn
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Backup
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2011
20152018
2023+2030+
Silyzer portfolio scales up by factor 10 every 4-5 years driven
by market demand and co-developed with our customers
Silyzer 100
Lab-scale demo
~4.500 op.h1,
~150k Nm³ of H2
Silyzer 300
Biggest PEM cell in the world
built by Siemens!
First investigations
in cooperation with
chemical industryNext generation
Under development
Silyzer 200
~86.500 op.h
~7.3 mio Nm³ of H2
World’s largest Power-to-Gas
plants with PEM electrolyzers
in 2015 and 2017
built by Siemens!
Silyzer portfolio roadmap
1 op.h.: operating hours; Data op.h & Nm³ as of Jan. 2019
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Various countries demonstrate strong potential for PtX
production / exports …
Brazil
China
Canada
Australia
Chile
Argentina
South Africa
Russia
Iceland
Norway
Morocco
Algeria
Kenya
Namibia
Mexico
USA
Saudi Arabia
Oman
Spain
Madagascar
UAE
Qatar
Kazakhstan
Source: Frontier Economics
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Green Hydrogen from water electrolysis Economics of H2 strongly depend on electricity costs and CAPEX
Gas price 10 US$/MMBTU
80 US/t CO2
SMR-H2
11.2 (US$4.4/kg)
4.7
1.5 ct/kWh
1.5
0.7
4%0.6
Eff
icie
ncy
3.7 (US $1.5/kg)
US
ct/kWh
4.2
8.7
Today average Today + 5 – 10 years
Gas price 6 US$/MMBTU
0 US/t CO2
Credible (but not easy) pathways to economic competitiveness for green hydrogen exist. Most important impact is electricity price
Hydrogen costs
5 ct/kWh
ele
ctr
icit
y
CA
PE
X
low
high
WA
CC
8%
70%
75%
Load 4000h/a
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Sector Integration – Prerequisite to meet the climate targets
Sector Integration – Links and Interactions
Source: Based on FENES (OTH Regensburg)
Power Storage
(decentral)
Power Sector
Heat Supply
Gas Industry
Transport Sector
Power-to-Heat
(Heat pumps,
CHP)
E-Mobility
Power-to-Gas
(Energy Storage)
Power-to-Gas
(Re-Electrification)
Power Storage
(central)
Heat
Storage
Power-to-
Liquids
Fuel
Storage
Power-to-
Chemicals
Hydrogen, Methane,
Ammonia as feedstock
for chemical processes
Gas Boiler
Gas Re-
forming
CNG, LPG
Gas
Power
Plants
Gas Storage,
Pipeline
System
Chemicals
Import balance TM95 Scenario Dena Leitstudie 2050
- 2446 TWh
+744 TWh
218 TWh
Import conventional
primary energyImport climate
neutral energy
carriers
RES production
Germany 2018