july 1st edition newsletter[1]

8/14/2019 July 1st Edition Newsletter[1]

1/25

July Edition


2/25

Hi all this month I will try to give you some info

About the gold rush fever

In the cities and towns of the East, it seemed almost like wartime.

Thousands of men left their homes and families behind and headed

for California. Women moved in with relatives or fended forthemselves. Children wrote letters to their faraway fathers and

waited impatiently for them to come home. It was 1849, and the

California Gold Rush had begun.

James W. Marshall had discovered gold on January 24, 1848.

Marshall worked for John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant who hoped to

create an agricultural empire in California. Sutter owned 39,000

acres of land, on which he raised livestock, fruits, and vegetables. He

built a large fort that was home to a number of businesses.

Marshall was inspecting a ditch at Sutter's sawmill on the South

Fork of the American River when he saw a sparkle beneath the

water. He picked up the glittering particle, half the size of a pea. He

was certain that he had found gold.

In January 1848, California was largely unsettled. Some 100,000

Native Americans lived in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada

Mountains. In small mission towns and ranches along the coast lived

about 10,000 Californians, or Mexican Californians; 2,000 U.S.


3/25

citizens; and a few hundred Europeans.

When Marshall told Sutter that he had discovered gold, Sutter swore

him to secrecy. If word got out, men would rush in from everywhere,

and Sutter's empire would be destroyed. But little by little the newsspread. At first only a trickle of gold seekers found their way to the

hills. But that trickle soon grew.

On May 12, 1948, when word of the discovery reached San

Francisco, the town's male population was about 600. On May 15,

only about 200 men remained. By June 1, San Francisco was a ghost

town--stores closed, ships abandoned, and houses deserted. Most of

the men had run off to the gold fields. The town's newspapers even

shut down. No one was left to write or read them.

Gold fever quickly spread. By the end of 1848, prospectors came

from as far as Oregon to the north, the Hawaiian Islands to the west,

and Mexico and Chile from the south. It took almost a year for the

news to reach the East. When it did, a stampede began.

Today it might be hard to understand why men left their homes and

loved ones and travelled thousands of miles to look for gold. But in

1849, a prosperous farmer might make about two or three hundred

dollars a year. A factory worker made about a dollar for working atwelve-hour day. A skilled craftsman made a dollar and a half a day.

In California, gold was free to anyone who could find it. A miner

could take $25 to $35 of gold a day--or even more--out of a riverbed.

Stories of miners becoming rich men in a single day spread like

wildfire. Many of these stories were exaggerations. But some of them

were true.

Some men struck it rich, in primitive mining camps with names likeHang town, Gouge Eye, and Hell's Delight. The work was

backbreaking, but flake-by-flake, nugget-by-nugget, these lucky

forty-niners dug up deposits of gold worth hundreds--or even

thousands--of dollars. Most miners were not so lucky. Many of the

best mining sites were quickly claimed, and then picked clean.

Some people in California made money without having to dig for

gold. Smart businesspeople charged miners for supplies and services.

A pound of sugar sold for $2. A pound of coffee for $4. Women in thegold fields could charge $25 for a cooked meal, or earn $50 a week


4/25

Washing shirts. In 1849, those prices were sky-high. A successful

miner could easily pay them. But many miners could barely make

ends meet.

As the competition for gold became greater, miners fought over

"claims," or mining rights--sometimes violently. Many Americans

from the East blamed their lack of success on miners from Mexico,

Chile, Peru, and China, whom they considered "foreigners." Miners

of Latin American descent--even those who had lived in California

their whole lives--were sometimes violently attacked. Some were even

killed.

Eventually, much of the gold that could be mined by hand had been

found. Heavy machinery was needed to dig out the rest. Many miners

went home penniless--or nearly so. John Sutter left California in

1851, heavily in debt. Miners had invaded his house and trampled his

fields. His "empire" was in ruins. James W. Marshall, the man who

first found the gold, had little success as a miner. He died in poverty

in 1885.

Still, many miners stayed. They started businesses in the boomtowns

or farmed the fertile valleys. By 1856, San Francisco had more than

50,000 citizens and was the largest and most important city in the

West. On its streets walked people from every corner of the world.

Most California miners never made much money. Yet some did what

they set out to do--they struck it rich, and took home a fortune. They

paid off the mortgages on their farms and started new lives. Sadly,

some miners did not go home at all. They died of diseases likecholera, or from accidents in the gold fields or on the journey to

California. Many of the women and children waiting back East

would never see their loved ones again.

The Gold Rush transformed not only the lives of people, but

California itself. California's population grew dramatically. Its

towns, cities, and businesses thrived. And almost overnight, it became

the most famous American state. People around the world knew the

story of California, the golden land where a fortune could be dug

from the ground.


5/25

The Journey

In fall of 1848, news of the California gold strike hit the East. Thefollowing spring, thousands of gold seekers travelled by overland

trails and by ship to the "gold fields." Most of these "forty-niners"

had never before left the places where they had grown up. Their

journeys would be unforgettable

Most forty-niners from the Midwest and many from the East

travelled west on the Oregon-California Trail. Travel by ship was

costly. Maps and books promised a quick and easy overland voyage.

But for many gold seekers who travelled overland, the journey would

be the hardest they had ever experienced.

Forty-niners usually travelled in covered wagons pulled by oxen or

mules. A few rode horses. Once they passed frontier towns like

Independence, Missouri, they entered the wilderness. Many of the

forty-niners were from cities like Boston or New York. They had

never camped outdoors, hunted for food, or built a fire. And now

they faced months far from civilization.

In 1849, some 32,000 gold-seekers went west on the trail throughpresent-day Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada. They endured

violent thunderstorms, torrential rain, and scorching heat. They

travelled mile after mile of bumpy trails that choked their throats

with dust in dry weather and turned to mud holes when rain fell.

They lost their belongings and even their lives trying to cross-rivers

such as the Platte, the Green, and the Bear.

Many gold-seekers feared attack by Native Americans. But this

seldom happened. Disease was the biggest killer. Forty-niners fellvictim to cholera, mountain fever, pneumonia, and diphtheria.

Hundreds of gold-seekers died and were buried along the trail.

The strain took a toll on the oxen and mules as well. As they

travelled, forty-niners lightened the load by throwing out everything

they didn't need--from cook stoves and furniture to barrels of flour.

Still, thousands of animals died from exhaustion or thirst and were

left to rot in the sun.

Near the end of their journey, the forty-niners crossed the Forty Mile


6/25

Desert, a hot, dry wasteland between the Humboldt and Carson

rivers in present-day Nevada. Some people brought enough water for

the crossing. Those who did not sometimes paid for this with their

lives.

Beyond the Forty Mile Desert, lay California, the land of gold. Some

would find their fortunes there. Most would not. But they had

survived their overland journey by a combination of bravery,

cooperation, skill, and luck. The experience had changed them

forever.

Suddenly a heavy blow struck

the starboard quarter and

careened the ship over on her

side...A crash was heard

overhead--chains rattling and falling, sails madly flapping,

yardarms snapping and masts breaking; for a few seconds,

the noise was terrific..."

-

TheEdward Everettsailed from Boston in 1849, bound for California

around Cape Horn, at the tip of South America. The gold seekers on

board enjoyed a variety of foods, including cheese and butter,

potpies, plum pudding, and applesauce. Scheduled activities included

lectures and Sunday church services.

Most forty-niners travelling the 15,000-mile journey around Cape

Horn did not enjoy such luxuries. They paid anywhere from $100 to


7/25

$1000 and spent up to 8 months on board ship, packed together into

tiny rooms or in the ship's hold..

In good weather, the travellers could enjoy the beauty of the sea. And

stops in exotic ports such as Rio de Janeiro in Brazil made lifeinteresting. But as the voyage went on, the boredom could become

maddening. To pass the time, gold seekers gambled and played

checkers, told stories, and daydreamed of gold.

Usually, there were two varieties of food--boring and awful. Meats

and vegetables spoiled quickly in the hot climate near the equator.

Worms burrowed through the bread. The water tasted foul. Some

men got scurvy, a disease caused by lack of foods containing vitamin

C. Their gums bled and their teeth fell out. A few even died. Diseases

such as cholera killed men as well. Dead bodies were wrapped in

canvas cloth and buried at sea.

The most dangerous leg of the journey was the sail around the very

tip of Cape Horn. Monstrous waves, terrifying winds, and frigid

temperatures challenged even the most experienced captains. Some

took a short cut through the Strait of Magellan. But that passage was

narrow and sometimes deadly.

Still, the Cape Horn route was probably the safest of all the routes tothe gold fields. Thousands of men made the trip successfully. But

even after their 15,000-mile journey, forty-niners arrived in

California with no guarantee of success. Year later, many would

return home, no richer than when they'd left for California.

For many forty-niners, the Panama shortcut was irresistible. It cut

8,000 miles and months of travel off the sea voyage around Cape

Horn, at the tip of South America. And a trip through the jungles of

Panama, with their brightly-colour birds and flowers, seemed like anexotic adventure.

The cross-Panama journey began on the Caribbean coast, at the

mouth of the Chagres River. There, forty-niners stepped on board a

bungo, a type of Panamanian canoe. At first, native Panamanians

charged about $5 for the 3 to 4 day

river journey. But when they realized

how anxious the gold seekers were to

get across Panama, the price quickly rose.


8/25

As the gold seekers travelled, they saw a jungle landscape that

seemed like something from a dream: dense thickets of mangrove

trees, dazzling tropical flowers, and exotic animals such as crocodiles,

parrots, and jaguars. Some forty-niners even got the chance tosample roast iguana or monkey meat, cooked over a campfire.

The river journey was the easy part. Soon, the bungoes landed, and

the men set out on horses or mules into the steaming jungle. Bodies of

dead horses and mules marked the 50-mile trail. Death lurked

everywhere, in the form of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and

cholera.

Of the thousands of forty-niners who attempted the Panama

crossing, some died of disease and never made it out of the jungle.

Most did, arriving at Panama City, a small outpost on the Pacific

coast. There, many miners got a surprise. There weren't any boats to

take them to California. They would have to wait.

Gold Discovery in Australia

They were a wildly assorted crowd. G. L. Mundy, a visitorwriting in 1852, reported, 'There were merchants, cabmen,magistrates and convicts, amateur gentlemen rocking the

cradle merely to say they had done so, fashionablehairdressers and tailors, cooks, coachmen, lawyers' clerksand their masters, colliers, cobblers, quarrymen, doctors ofphysic and music, aldermen, an ADC on leave, scavengers,sailors, shorthand writers, a real live lord on his travels - all

levelled by community of pursuit and of costume'. 'Levelled'is just the right word. The miners lived in bark huts or tents.'Our furniture,' wrote one miner, James Bonwick, 'is of simplecharacter. A box, a block of wood, or a bit of paling across a

pail, serves as a table.' Meals were primitive

. 'The chops can be picked out of the frying pan, placed on alump of bread, and cut with a clasp knife that has done goodservice in fossicking during the day.' Insects and flies addedto the discomfort. 'The nuisance is the flies,' complained

Bonwick. 'The little fly and the stinging monster March fly. O!


9/25


10/25

In parts of Europe, as in the later medieval Germany, spending time

as a journeyman (Giselle) moving from one town to another to gain

experience of different workshops was an important part of the

training of an aspirant master. In medieval England, however, most

journeymen remained employed as employees throughout theircareers, lacking the financial resources to set up their own

workshops. There terms 'jack' and 'knave' is sometimes used as

informal words for journeyman. Hence the expressions 'jack of all

trades' - someone who is educated in several fields of trade but is not

yet skilled enough in any to set up their own workshops as a maker.

Today in the USA, the name 'journeyman' still exists but it is a

person who has completed an apprenticeship program - or is an

experienced worker, not a trainee and is fully qualified and able to

perform a specific trade without supervision.

REVIEW OF JUNE'S NEWSLETTER

------------------------------------------------------

Firstly I would like to apologise for not doing my usual review

of May's messages. I was changing Internet Providers fromTalk talk back to British Telecom and I was unable to get itdone in time. I eventually came back online on the 7th June.

So, June not really a busy time with messages but we didhave a number of members on holiday, me included. PatWaring went off to Canada, I went to Turkey and Judy in

Australia set off in her caravan with other friends to see theGolden Quest Discovery Trail. Judy was also visiting a ghosttown called 'Mount Morgans', where her grandparents weremarried. I am hoping she will send in some photos of thatvenue.

I think everyone enjoyed seeing the photo of Sue Duckle'srelative called Margarete, which was on display for quite a few

days in May. Margarete was born in 1903 in Germany. Thepoor girl was born with severe epilepsy and spent her life


11/25

living in a psychiatric hospital. The photo was taken in 1918when Margarete was 15. Unfortunately, the Germans put herto death shortly after. A tragic story.

Kaz has now subscribed to Ancestry, so hopefully she will beable to progress now with her family tree.

May's Newsletter had quite a few good reviews frommembers, including Helen and Pat Waring. Melissa, have younow been able to download May's Newsletter? Sue Duckles

kindly e-mailed Melissa with the Newsletter in a pdf format soshe could read it with adobe acrobat. Pat Waring has beenaway on holiday in Canada but still managed to pop in nowand then to keep in touch. Pat came across some newrelations from Lancashire with the surname of BALDWIN.Vera did some detective work and came up with lots of infoabout the family. She used the parish records for Lancashireavailable via Ancestry.

I came back online on the 7 June - hurrah! I was fed up of theinternet going off all the time with Talk talk. So far so goodwith British Telecom.

We have two new members this month, Pat Selman fromLondon and '[email protected]' -( could you please

introduce yourself and tell us a little about the family tree youare researching.) Pat from London is currently researchingboth sets of grandparents. On her maternal side are thenames Ashdown/Collins and on the paternal side,Selman/Saunders. This side of the family came from Wiltshire.Judy, Vera and I have been finding more info for her.

25th June and Susan Dunkley asking for help after manymonths of researching. Her dilemma is trying to find any info
mailto:'[email protected]'mailto:'[email protected]'


12/25

on Thomas Dunklin's parents - rumour has it they wereThomas Dunklin and Mary Mabbet.

Melissa in Canada wrote in on the 26 June to welcome ourtwo new members. She has been a little quite this month butsays that her life has been quite hectic lately. She has had awedding, funeral, 3x soccer a week and a daughter graduatingfrom grade school. Apparently the children in Canada are nowon their summer holidays. Melissa says that she has been intouch with some extended cousins and has been exchanginginfo and pics of her BAILEY line. They are having a familyreunion but sadly she cannot attend but promises to let us all

know how it went.

So, goodbye to June! Lets make July a busy monthon here. So, all those members who have been alittle quiet, have another look at those trees, isthere anything we can help you with? Just leavethe details and what the query is and we shall doour best to help. Has anyone come across aninteresting web page or info that they would like to

share?

Memory Page of Our loved ones


13/25

When you are researching

the most common name Smith

Most of us have at least one hard to search for namein our family tree - a common name like SMITH,a name that is also a commonly used word suchas RICE, or an ancestor who shares name witha famous individual, such as George Bush. In

this situation, how can we weed out thegenealogical information for our specific

ancestor from all of the others who share hisname? These search tips, while helpful when

searching for all surnames, not just commonones, are especially important when the nameitself is too common to return a manageable

number of results.

When searching for a common name such as JohnSmith, add a location and time period to yoursearch parameters to produce more effective

results.


14/25

Add common genealogical terms to your search toeliminate non-genealogy pages,

Combining this with the previous technique can

help narrow your results even further.

Use other less common names from yourancestor's family to enhance your query. If yourJohn Smith married Liana Snagglepuss, then startby searching for Snagglepuss.

When searching for a surname that is also acommon noun, such as Park, Rice, Bush or Street,

use the NOT or - feature to tell the search engineto not return results that include a particularword. For example, rice -cook -recipe will helpeliminate Web pages, which refer to cooking ricerather than your Rice ancestors.

How to Trace the Origin of Your Surname

With a few exceptions, hereditary surnames, the

last names passed down through the males of afamily, didn't exist until about 1000 years ago.While it may be hard to believe in today's hustle

and bustle, surnames just weren't necessarybefore that. In a world that was much less

crowded than it is today -- a world where mostfolks never ventured more than a few miles from

their place of birth and every man knew hisneighbours -- first, or given names, were the only

designations necessary. Even kings got by with asingle name.

During the middle ages, as families got bigger andvillages got a bit more crowded, individual names

became inadequate to distinguish friends andneighbours from one another. One John might be

called "John son of William" to distinguish himfrom his neighbours "John the smith" and his

friend "John of the dale." These secondary names


15/25

weren't quite yet the surnames, as we know themtoday, however, because they weren't passed

down from father to son. "John son of William,"for example, might have a son known as "Robert

the Fletcher (arrow maker)."

True surnames, hereditary names used todistinguish one person from another, first cameinto use in Europe about 1000 A.D., beginning insouthern areas and gradually spreadingnorthward. In many countries the use ofhereditary surnames began with the nobility whooften called themselves after their ancestral seats.Many of the gentry, however, did not adoptsurnames until the 14th century, and it was notuntil about 1500 A.D. that most surnames becameinherited and no longer transformed with a changein a person's appearance, job, or place ofresidence.

Surnames, for the most part, drew their meaningsfrom the lives of men in the middle Ages, and theirorigins can be divided into four main categories:

Patronymic Surnames

Patronymics, last names derived from a father'sname, were widely used in forming surnames,especially in the Scandinavian countries.Occasionally, the name of the mother contributed

the surname, referred to as a metonymic surname.Adding a prefix or suffix denoting either son ofor daughter of formed such names. English andScandinavian names ending in "son" arepatronymic surnames, as are many namesprefixed with the Gaelic "Mac," the Norman"Fritz," the Irish "O," and the Welsh "app."

Examples: The son of John (JOHNSON),

son of Donald (MACDONALD), son of


16/25

Patrick (FITZPATRICK), son of Brian(O'BRIEN), son of Howell (HOWELL).

Place Names or Local Names

One of the most common ways to differentiate oneman from his neighbor was to describe him termsof his geographic surroundings or location (similarto describing a friend as the "one who lives downthe street"). Such local names denoted some ofthe earliest instances of surnames in France, andwere quickly introduced into England by theNorman nobility who chose names based on thelocations of their ancestral estates. If a person orfamily migrated from one place to another, theywere often identified by the place they came from.If they lived near a stream, cliff, forest, hill, orother geographic feature, this might be used todescribe them. Some last names can still be tracedback to their exact place of origin, such as aparticular city or county, while others have origins

lost in obscurity (ATWOOD lived near a wood, butwe don't know which one). Compass directionswere another common geographic identification inthe Middle Ages (EASTMAN, WESTWOOD). Mostgeographic-based surnames are easy to spot,though the evolution of language has made othersless obvious, i.e. DUNLOP (muddy hill).

Examples: BROOKS lived along a brook;

CHURCHILL lived near a church on a hill; NEVILLEcame from Neville-Seine-Maritime, France orNewville (New Town), a commonplace name inFrance; PARRIS came from -- you guessed it --Paris, France.

Descriptive Names (Nicknames)Another class of surnames, those derived from aphysical or other characteristic of first bearer,

make up an estimated 10% of all surname or


17/25

family names. These descriptive surnames arethought to have originally evolved as nicknamesduring the Middle Ages when men creatednicknames or pet names for his neighbours and

friends based on personality or physicalappearance. Thus, Michael the strong becameMichael STRONG and black-haired Peter becamePeter BLACK. Sources for such nicknamesincluded: an unusual size or shape of the body,bald heads, facial hair, physical deformities,distinctive facial features, skin or hair colouring,and even emotional disposition.

Examples: BROADHEAD, a person with alarge head; BAINES (bones), a thin man;GOODMAN, a generous individual;ARMSTRONG, strong in the arm

Occupational Names

The last class of surnames to develop reflect theoccupation or status of the first bearer. Theseoccupational last names, derived from the specialtycrafts and trades of the medieval period, are fairlyself-explanatory. A MILLER was essential forgrinding flour from grain, a WAINWRIGHT was awagon builder, and BISHOP was in the employ of a

Bishop. Different surnames often developed fromthe same occupation based on the language of thecountry of origin (MLLER, for example, is Germanfor Miller).

Despite these basic surname classifications, manylast names or surnames of today seem to defyexplanation. The majority of these are probablycorruptions of the original surnames -- variationsthat


18/25

have become disguised almost beyond recognition.Surname spelling and pronunciation has evolvedover many centuries, often making it hard forcurrent generations to determine the origin and

evolution of their surnames. Such family namederivations, resulting from a variety of factors, tendto confound both genealogists and etymologists.It is fairly common for different branches of thesame family to carry different last names, as themajority of English and American surnames have, intheir history, appeared in four to more than a dozenvariant spellings. Therefore, when researching theorigin of your surname, it is important to work your

way back through the generations in order todetermine the original family name, as the surnamethat you carry now may have an entirely differentmeaning than the surname of your distant ancestor.It is also important to remember that somesurnames, though their origins may appear obvious,aren't what they seem. BANKER, for example, is notan occupational surname, instead meaning "dweller

on a hillside."

Famous People tree

LONG TIME companion and future wife of Britain'sPrince Charles, Camilla Parker-Bowles was bornCamilla Shand in London, England in 1947. Shemet Prince Charles at Windsor Great Park in theearly seventies. Believing he would never propose,however, she married Army officer Andrew ParkerBowles with whom she had two children, Tom,born in 1975 and Laura, born in 1979. Her

marriage to Andrew ended in divorce in January1995.
http://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa051302a.htmhttp://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa051302a.htmhttp://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa051302a.htmhttp://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa051302a.htm


19/25

One of the most famous individuals in Camilla'sfamily tree is her great-grandmother, AliceFrederica Edmonton Keppel, royal mistress to KingEdward VII from 1898 until his death in 1910.

Madonna shares a distant relationship withCamilla Parker Bowles through Zacharie Cloutier(1617-1708), while Celine Dion shares descentwith Camilla from Jean Guyon (1619-1694).

1. Camilla Rosemary SHAND was born on 17 Jul1947 in King's College Hospital; London.1 Shemarried Brigadier Andrew Henry PARKER-BOWLES (b. 27 Dec 1939) at The Guard'sChapel, Wellington Barracks, on 4 July 19731.Their marriage ended in divorce in 1961.

Second Generation:2. Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND was bornon 22 Jan 1972. Major Bruce Middleton HopeSHAND and Rosalind Maud CUBITT were marriedon 2 Jan 1946 in St. Paul's Knightsbridge.3

3. Rosalind Maud CUBITT was born on 11 Aug1921 in 16 Grosvenor Street, London.1 She died in1994.1,3

Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND and RosalindMaud CUBITT had the following children:

1 i. Camilla Rosemary SHAND

ii. Sonia Annabel SHAND was born on 2Feb 1949.1iii. Mark Roland SHAND was born on 28Jun 1951.1

Third Generation:4. Philip Morton SHAND was born on 21 Jan 1888in Kensington.5 He died on 30 Apr 1960 in Lyon,France. Philip Morton SHAND and Edith Marguerite

HARRINGTON were married on 22 Apr 1916.6 theywere divorced in 19201.


20/25

5. Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON was born on 14Jun 1893 in Fulham, London.7

2 i. Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND

ii. Elspeth Rosamund Morton SHAND

6. Roland Calvert CUBITT, 3rd Baron Ashcombe,was born on 26 Jan 1899 in London.1 He died on28 Oct 1962 in Dorking, Surrey.1 Roland CalvertCUBITT and Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL were marriedon 16 Nov 1920 in Guard's Chapel, Wellington

Barracks, St. George Hanover Square.8 They weredivorced in Jul 1947.

. Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL was born on 24 May1909. She died on 16 Aug 1986.

Roland Calvert CUBITT and Sonia RosemaryKEPPEL had the following children:

3 i. Rosalind Maud CUBITTii. Henry Edward CUBITT was born on 31 Mar1924.1iii. Jeremy John CUBITT was born on 7 May1927.1 He died on 12 Jan 1958.1

8. Alexander Faulkner SHAND was born on 20 May1858 in Bayswater, London.10 He died on 6 Jan1936 in Edwards Place, Kensington, London.

Alexander Faulkner SHAND and Augusta MaryCOATES were married on 22 Mar 1887 in St.George, Hanover Square, London.11

9. Augusta Mary COATES was born on 16 May1859 in Bath, Somerset.12

Alexander Faulkner SHAND and Augusta MaryCOATES had the following children:

4 i. Philip Morton SHAND


21/25

10. George Woods HARRINGTON was born on 11Nov 1865 in Kensington.13 George WoodsHARRINGTON and Alice Edith STILLMAN were

married on 4 Aug 1889 in St. Luke's,Paddington.14

11. Alice Edith STILLMAN was born about 1866 inNotting Hill, London.15

George Woods HARRINGTON and Alice EdithSTILLMAN had the following children:

i. Cyril G. HARRINGTON was born about 1890in Parsons Green.155 ii. Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON

12. Henry CUBITT, 2nd Baron Ashcombe was bornon 14 Mar 1867. He died on 27 Oct 1947 inDorking, Surrey. Henry CUBITT and MaudMarianne CALVERT were married on 21 Aug 1890in Ockley, Surrey, England.

13. Maud Marianne CALVERT was born in 1865 inCharlton, near Woolwich, England. She died on 7Mar 1945.

Henry CUBITT and Maud Marianne CALVERT hadthe following

I HAVE ADDED A TREE IN ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT

OF A FAMOUS PERSON YOU NEVER KNOW YOUMAY BE RELATED IN SOME WAY

WHAT'S IN A NAME? WHY SPELLING IS SO IMPORTANT IN YOUR

ANCESTRY

What's in a name? The answer is, quite a bit actually. If you are

beginning a search of

Your family tree it will help you tremendously to know the history of

your family


22/25

Name, or for that matter of the names of other branches of the

family. Many times

Names were changed when people immigrated to this country. If a

person's name

Sounded too "foreign" in a culture that was primarily of Englishancestry then that

Name may very well have been changed. To a lesser extent, if the

spelling of the name

Seemed difficult or again foreign then it could have been changed for

that reason as

Well.

A prime example of simple spelling differences in languages is in the

American and

British spellings of certain words. The American word theater isspelled theatre in the

UK. Defense is spelled defense. Shop in old English is shoppe. The

same small

Changes often happen with names.

When doing genealogy research you will sometimes notice names

spelled several

Different ways in the same document. Many years ago standardized

spellings for

Names didn't really exist. Not everyone could read and write in those

days, and often

Members of the same family would spell names differently. The

English name Darby

For instance could also be spelled Derby, but still pronounced the

same way. Also

Smith could be spelled Smithe or Smyth, or Smythe. Maddox can

also be spelled

Maddux, Madux, or even Maddoc. The Scottish name Munro was

more commonlySpelled Monroe by the English. Then look at names that are

translated from one

Language to another. The French name Choaumote was sometimes

Americanized to

Shumate, a totally different spelling.

Another reason for name changes is that immigration authorities

both made mistakes,


23/25

Including typographical errors, which would stick with an

immigrant, and would

Sometimes arbitrarily change names on their own because they

couldn't pronounce a

Name or didn't like the spelling. For instance, the Swedish nameSjoblom, with a silent

j, is pronounced see-bloom. Some members of the Sjoblom family

had their names

Changed, involuntarily, to Seebloom or Seabloom.

As another example of how names were changed is the Italian name

Tagliaferro

Which means ironworker. This name became Tolliver. Another

Italian name, Amici

Which means friend was Americanized into Ameche. Even thefamilies of presidents

Have not been immune. Roosevelt comes from the Dutch name Van

Rosevelt, which

Means of the rose field. Blum, which means flower, was

Americanized into Bloom.

Great Harwood Wills

Breathwaite, William 1825

(Lancashire Record Office

WCW/William Braithwaite 1825)

William Breathwaite of Great Harwood, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, yeoman. Made the 19th

July 1823.

Mentions: Son William, daughters Cicely wife of William Walne and Ellen wife of Richard Carter,

grandchildren William Breathwaite and Ann, Margaret and Elizabeth Walne.

Executors: Son William Breathwaite, grandson William Breathwaite and James Fielding.

Witnesses: John Cronshaw, John Ratcliffe and William Harrison

Also John Radcliffe mentioned as a tenant.

Calvert, Robert 1719

(Lancashire Record Office

WCW/1719/Calvard, Robert)

Robert Calvard of Harwood Magna in the County Lancaster clothier. Made the 20th June 1718.


24/25

Bequeaths to my son Joshua 'my bed as it stands and all my Clothes with the chest that they are in

ikewise the Cheare that I sit in and the great Bible'. Bequeaths to daughter Marye 'my Trunk and

that which is in it and the Table Cheare' and 'to Robert my Desk'. To son John one is shilling to be

paid within six months if he demands it'. Then lists children as follows: Daniel, Joshua,Obadiah, Jonathan, Samuel, Robert, Mary.

Executors were Daniel and Joshua Calvert

Witnesses were Alexander Mercer and John Pollard

Robert made his mark.

I saw the wills above and found them quite interesting so

had to share with you all we hope you all enjoy this news

letter that Christine and I have put together for you all

Bye for now

Vera and Christine


25/25

july 1st edition newsletter[1]

Documents