CL

OSE

-UP

/ JULI

AN

BO

ND

, A

MIL

ITA

NT

INSI

DE

TH

E S

YST

EM

by J

OH

N N

EA

RY

Wh

en

yo

u f

irst

meet

him

, it

is

vir

-

tuall

y i

mposs

ible

to b

eli

eve t

hat,

stand

ing

here

befo

re y

ou

in

th

at

casu

al,

in

sou

cia

nt

slo

uch

, is

th

e

very

sam

e y

oung m

an, H

ora

ce J

u-

lian B

on

d, w

ho

ele

ctr

ifie

d t

he n

a-

tion a

t th

e C

hic

ago c

onven

tion.

Yet

here

he i

s, 2

8 y

ears

old

, a

reedy s

ix f

eet

one a

nd a

half

inch-

es t

all

, 175 p

ounds, so f

air

he

once h

ad t

o s

how

an i

denti

ficati

on

card

to p

rove h

e s

hould

be r

e-

fuse

d s

erv

ice i

n a

Geo

rgia

co

ffee

shop, th

e d

esc

endant

of

an e

man-

cip

ate

d s

lav

e a

nd

her

form

er

ow

ner,

a c

hil

d o

f th

e c

ivil

rig

hts

movem

ent,

a p

ubli

shed p

oet

wit

h

a h

ole

in h

is s

hoe, a m

em

ber

of

the G

eo

rgia

Ho

use

of

Dele

gate

s

by v

irtu

e o

f a l

andm

ark

Supre

me

Court

decis

ion a

nd, by a

ny y

ard

-

stic

k o

f fo

rensi

c m

easu

rem

ent,

the

cle

are

st,

san

est,

an

d o

ne o

f th

e

mo

st

resp

on

sib

le v

oic

es f

rom

the N

ew

Left

—w

hic

h,

by

th

e w

ay

,

he h

elp

ed

to

sta

rt.

In C

hic

ago, B

ond h

andle

d h

im-

self

wit

h t

he l

evel-

headed s

elf

-as-

sura

nce o

f a v

ete

ran a

nd w

on a

c-

cla

im n

ot

only

for

his

vic

tori

es

there

bu

t fo

r th

e i

nd

om

itab

le c

oo

l

A ce

lebrity a

t the co

nve

ntio

n (le

ft), Bond re

turn

s to A

tlanta

and to

urs a

slum

near h

is district

Out of the South,

A H

ero-at-Large

43

tused s

erv

ice in

a U

eorg

ia c

oiie

e

shop, th

e d

escendant o

f an e

man-

cip

ate

d s

lave a

nd h

er fo

rmer

ow

ner, a

child

of th

e c

ivil rig

hts

movem

ent, a

publis

hed p

oet w

ith

a h

ole

in h

is s

hoe, a

mem

ber o

f

the G

eorg

ia H

ouse o

f Dele

gate

s

by v

irtue o

f a la

ndm

ark

Supre

me

Court d

ecis

ion a

nd, b

y a

ny y

ard

-

stic

k o

f fore

nsic

measure

ment, th

e

cle

are

st, s

anest, a

nd o

ne o

f the

most re

sponsib

le v

oic

es fro

m

the N

ew

Left—

whic

h, b

y th

e w

ay,

he h

elp

ed to

sta

rt.

In C

hic

ago, B

ond h

andle

d h

im-

self w

ith th

e le

vel-h

eaded s

elf-a

s-

sura

nce o

f a v

ete

ran a

nd w

on a

c-

cla

im n

ot o

nly

for h

is v

icto

ries

there

but fo

r the in

dom

itable

cool

with

whic

h h

e to

ok th

em

. Hard

ly

had th

e c

ath

ode tu

bes c

oole

d

acro

ss th

e c

ountry

when p

eople

began a

skin

g e

ach o

ther w

ho th

is

young m

an w

as—

and th

e b

ig-

league p

ots

who h

ad w

atc

hed h

im

work

their g

am

e a

nd w

in th

e h

uge

sta

kes h

e h

ad p

layed fo

r asked

them

selv

es w

hat h

e m

ight b

ecom

e.

CO

NT

INU

ED

His

cool a

nd

jaunty

manner

was

Win

ed b

y

pre

judic

e

CO

NT

INU

ED

Bond a

nd h

is b

and o

f G

eorg

ia

irre

gula

rs trium

phed o

ver

the

hand-p

icked c

rew

of th

e g

riddle

-

ch

ef

turn

ed

go

ve

rno

r, L

este

r M

ad

-

dox, w

innin

g h

alf o

f G

eorg

ia's

42

floor

seats

and h

elp

ing d

efe

at

the

un

it v

otin

g r

ule

th

at

ha

d s

ti-

fle

d d

isse

nt

at

so

ma

ny p

revio

us

conventions. T

his

vic

tory

and h

is

-po

ise

d d

em

urr

al w

he

n h

e.

him

se

lf

wa

s n

om

ina

ted

fo

r V

ice

Pre

sid

en

t

all

mark

ed h

im a

s a

com

er,

per-

haps the p

roto

type o

f a w

hole

new

bre

ed o

n the p

olitical scene—

yo

un

g,

art

icu

late

, w

ell-

ed

uca

ted

an

d d

ete

rmin

ed

Ne

gro

po

litic

ian

s

who m

ust be inclu

ded in the p

o-

litic

al equation fro

m n

ow

on.

Bond b

egan d

evelo

pin

g h

is d

e-

term

ination a

nd c

ontr

ol early. A

s

a b

oy in

Pe

nn

sylv

an

ia,

wh

ere

his

fath

er,

Ho

race

Ma

nn

Bo

nd

, w

as

pre

sid

ent of Lin

coln

Univ

ers

ity, he

firs

t ra

n h

ea

d-o

n in

to r

ace

. p

rej-

udic

e. W

hen h

is fam

ily m

oved to

Atla

nta

, yo

un

g J

ulia

n h

ad

alre

ad

y

develo

ped a

n a

bid

ing fear

of

South

ern

whites. T

hen r

acis

m

seare

d h

im d

eeply

at G

eorg

e

School, a

Quaker

pre

p s

chool in

Pe

nn

sylv

an

ia, w

he

n, a

s a

se

nio

r,

he w

as o

rdere

d b

y the h

eadm

aste

r

to leave h

is s

chool te

am

jacket in

the

clo

se

t o

n t

he

occa

sio

ns h

e

took h

is w

hite g

irl fr

iend a

long

with

him

in

to N

ew

tow

n f

or

a d

ate

.

"That w

as just lik

e s

om

ebody s

top-

pin

g y

ou

an

d s

lap

pin

g y

ou

acro

ss

the

fa

ce

."

But he learn

ed to c

onceal his

hurt

and h

is o

utr

age b

ehin

d a

fa-

cade o

f cool th

at he b

egan c

on-

scio

usly

to e

rect aro

und h

imself a

s

a teen-a

ger.

Bond's

cool w

as h

ard

-

en

ed

, te

mp

ere

d a

nd

fin

ally b

ur-

nis

he

d t

o a

de

ce

ptive

pa

tin

a in

the h

eat of th

e S

outh

where

he

went to

%A

tnrk

ac ;)

civi

l ri

ghts

work

-

Worn

shoe u

p o

n h

is desk

, Bond

(top

) scans a p

aper in

the

dark

ened

well o

f the G

eorg

ia H

ou

se—w

here h

e wo

n a seat in

1

96

6 o

nly

after an ap

peal to

the

Suprem

e Court. A

t center, h

e h

ears ou

t follo

wers o

f Malco

lm X

in

Harlem

, wh

ere he cam

paig

ned

fo

r Sen

ate cand

idate P

aul

O'D

wy

er. At left, stu

den

ts in N

ew

York

's Westch

ester County

surg

e aro

un

d h

im after h

e urg

ed th

em

to "re-in

vo

lve th

emselv

es in th

e stru

ggle o

f the S

outh

," and said

, "I d

on

't con

do

ne v

iolen

ce—h

ut I

un

derstan

d w

hy

it hap

pen

s."

Pen

nsy

lvan

ia, w

hen

, as a

sen

ior,

he w

as o

rdere

d b

y th

e h

ead

maste

r

to le

av

e h

is sch

oo

l team

jack

et in

the c

loset o

n th

e o

ccasio

ns h

e

too

k h

is w

hite

girl frie

nd

alo

ng

with

him

into

New

tow

n fo

r a d

ate

.

"Th

at w

as ju

st like so

meb

od

y sto

p-

pin

g y

ou

an

d sla

pp

ing

yo

u a

cro

ss

the fa

ce."

But h

e le

arn

ed to

conceal h

is

hu

rt an

d h

is ou

trag

e b

eh

ind

a fa

-

cad

e o

f co

ol th

at h

e b

eg

an

co

n-

scio

usly

to e

rect a

round h

imse

lf as

a te

en

-ag

er. B

on

d's c

oo

l was h

ard

-

ened, te

mpere

d a

nd fin

ally

bur-

nis

hed to

a d

eceptiv

e p

atin

a in

the h

eat o

f the S

ou

th w

here

he

wen

t to w

ork

as a civil rig

hts w

ork

-

er. B

ehin

d it lu

rks a

deta

ched,

wry

, secre

t hu

mo

r that ta

kes v

ery

little e

xcep

t the "m

ov

em

en

t" very

seriou

sly—

no

t even

Julian

Bo

nd

.

As a

bo

y h

e h

ad

wan

ted

no

th-

ing m

ore

than to

be a

movie

di-

recto

r; then a

s a y

outh

, listenin

g

alo

ne to

jazz, h

e c

hose to

be-

co

me a

write

r, a p

oet. B

y th

e

time h

e w

as a

senio

r in M

ore

house

Co

lleg

e in

Atla

nta

, he h

ad

been

pu

blish

ed

in fo

ur a

nth

olo

gie

s an

d

severa

l magazin

es, a

poet w

ho

could

write

mourn

fully

of R

ay

Charle

s as "th

e b

ishop o

f Atla

nta

,"

and e

xubera

ntly

excla

im in

a z

any

couple

t, "L

ook a

t that g

al sh

ake

that th

ing/W

e c

annot a

ll be M

ar-

tin L

uth

er K

ing. . . ." H

is fath

er a

resp

ecte

d N

egro

educato

r who is

now

at A

tlanta

Univ

ers

ity, h

is

moth

er a

libra

rian, B

ond m

ight

well h

ave b

een s

hie

lded b

y h

is

fam

ily sta

ture

in th

e A

tlanta

Ne-

gro

co

mm

un

ity fro

m in

vo

lvem

en

t

in th

e n

ew

bo

rn m

ov

em

en

t that.

in 1

96

0, w

as a

bo

ut to

eru

pt in

a

six-y

ear-lo

ng sp

asm

that w

ould

CO

NT

INU

ED

On t

he

law

ns

of

his

alm

a m

ater

, M

ore

house

Coll

ege,

Bond e

nfo

lds

his

so

n, M

ichae

l Ju

lian

, 2, an

d l

iste

ns

to

his

fat

her

, D

r. H

ora

ce M

ann B

ond,

who i

s a

dea

n a

t A

tlan

ta U

niv

ersi

ty.

aw

aken t

he c

ountr

y a

nd f

inall

y

chan

ge

its

law

s H

e c

hose

inst

ead, w

hen t

he

choic

e pre

sente

d i

tsel

f one

day

in

a d

rugst

ore

, to

enli

st. A

footb

all

pla

yer

nam

ed L

onnie

Kin

g s

how

ed

Bond a

new

spap

er h

eadli

ne

about

sit-

in d

em

onst

rati

ons

in G

reens-

boro

, N

C A

s B

ond r

ecal

ls i

t, K

ing

said

, " 'D

on't y

ou t

hin

k t

hat's

gre

at—

don't y

ou t

hin

k s

om

ethin

g

like t

hat

ought

to h

appen h

ere

?'

and I

said

, 'I

'm s

ure

it

wil

l,' and

he

said

, 'D

on't

you t

hin

k w

e ought

to m

ake

it h

app

en?'

an

d I

th

ou

gh

t,

'Why m

e?'"

S

wal

low

ing h

is m

isgiv

ings,

Juli

an

Bond j

oin

ed K

ing a

nd e

ach t

ook

a r

ow

of

booth

s in

the d

rugst

ore

, te

llin

g t

he o

ther

More

house

stu

-d

en

ts t

hat

there

wo

uld

be a

meet-

ing o

uts

ide

one

of

the

dorm

s T

hus

they

beg

an t

he

Com

mit

tee

on A

p-

pea

l fo

r H

um

an R

ights

, one

of

the

gra

ssfi

re c

ivil

rig

hts

gro

ups

that

wer

e so

on t

o c

oal

esce

into

the

Stu

-cle

it N

on-V

iole

nt

Coord

inati

ng

Com

mit

tee—

"Snic

k "

The g

roup

had i

ts f

irst

sit

-in o

n M

arc

h 1

5

and B

ond w

as

arr

est

ed f

or

the

firs

t and o

nly

tim

e, so

far,

in h

is

life

: he l

ed t

he g

roup o

f dem

-onst

rato

rs i

nto

Atl

anta

's s

egre

gat

ed

cit

y

hall

cafe

teri

a B

y t

he t

ime

CO

HA

R,

as

the

studen

ts c

alle

d i

t,

mel

ded

wit

h S

nic

k, it

had

bec

om

e

month

He a

nd h

is b

roth

er

Jam

es,

fi

ve y

ears

his

junio

r, h

andle

d

Snic

k's

publi

c r

ela

tions,

a j

ob J

u-

lian

des

pis

ed—

"I f

elt

like

a w

hore

, or

a p

imp"—

feedin

g t

apes

to r

a-

dio

sta

tions,

han

douts

to r

eport

ers,

te

arin

g a

round t

he

South

in S

nic

k's

dis

tinct

ive

whip

-ante

nnae

d P

lym

-outh

Savoys.

. . . "

This

is

Zero

-one,

cal

ling Z

ero-t

wo;

I'm

50 m

iles

fr

om

Sunfl

ow

er,

and c

om

ing i

n,

VA

RO

OM

!" T

her

e w

ere

mid

nig

ht

chase

s by t

he p

oli

ce, w

ith d

ari

ng

"moonsh

iner

turn

s"—

lights

out,

a

do t

hat—

I can d

o i

t fa

ster.

' A

nd

she d

oes

it, and s

o t

his

gir

l sa

ys,

'W

ell

, hell

, I'

ll n

ever

learn

how

to

type

if t

his

chic

k i

s goin

g t

o c

om

e dow

n h

ere

hunti

n' a

nd p

eckin

' and

by t

he e

nd o

f th

e s

um

mer,

she'll

whip

back u

p t

o V

ass

ar

and I

'll

still

be h

ere

, hunti

n' and p

eck-

in'.' "

Rese

ntm

ent

gre

w—

alo

ng

wit

h f

ear

of

terr

ible

vio

lence b

y

whit

e r

acis

ts p

rovoked b

y t

he

"outs

ider

s."

The f

inal

put-

dow

n

was

felt

ac

ute

ly b

y b

lack

civ

il r

ights

work

-

denti

als

Com

mit

tee s

upport

ed t

he

FD

P c

ause

that

par

ty c

hie

ftai

n L

yn-

don J

ohnso

n, th

reate

ned w

ith a

n

ugly

and pm

harr

accin

g fln

nr

fiuht

As

a Sn

ick

offi

cial

, he

saw

th

e si

t-in

s beg

in a

nd e

nd

CO

NT

INU

ED

a ro

w o

f bo

oth

s in

the

dru

gsto

re,

tellin

g th

e o

the

r Mo

reh

ou

se

stu

-d

en

ts th

at th

ere

wo

uld

be

a m

ee

t-in

g o

uts

ide o

ne o

f the d

orm

s T

hus

they b

egan th

e C

om

mitte

e o

n A

p-

peal fo

r Hum

an R

ights

, one o

f the

gra

ssfire

civ

il rights

gro

ups th

at

we

re s

oo

n to

co

ale

sce

into

the

Stu

-de:it N

on-V

iole

nt C

oord

inatin

g

Com

mitte

e—

"Snic

k " T

he g

roup

had its

first s

it-in o

n M

arc

h 1

5

and B

ond w

as a

rreste

d fo

r the

first a

nd

on

ly tim

e, s

o fa

r, in h

is

life: h

e le

d th

e g

rou

p o

f de

m-

onstra

tors in

to A

tlanta

's segre

gate

d

city

ha

ll ca

fete

ria B

y th

e tim

e

CO

HA

R, a

s th

e s

tudents

calle

d it,

me

lde

d w

ith S

nic

k, it h

ad

be

co

me

o

ne

of th

e w

ea

lthie

st a

nd

be

st o

r-ganiz

ed o

f all th

e s

tudent g

roups,

with

nearly

$6,0

00 in

the b

ank,

4,0

00 p

ickete

rs o

n th

e s

treets

of

Atla

nta

ca

rryin

g w

ate

rpro

of p

lac-

ard

s a

nd w

earin

g p

ark

as to

fend

off g

ob

s o

f sp

ittle. E

ve

n D

r. Ma

r-tin

Lu

the

r Kin

g J

r., a M

ore

ho

use

alu

mnus, h

ad jo

ined th

em

and,

Bond re

calls

pro

udly

, "the lu

nch

co

un

ters

we

re in

teg

rate

d."

Th

ose

we

re h

ea

dy, g

old

en

da

ys

for a

bo

y b

are

ly o

ut o

f hig

h

sch

oo

l; at a

lmo

st th

e s

am

e tim

e,

he

me

t an

d m

arrie

d A

lice

Clo

pto

n,

the s

hy a

nd a

ttractiv

e d

aughte

r of

a re

sta

ura

nt c

he

f an

d a

ma

jor in

l lo

me

Ec a

t ne

arb

y S

pe

lma

n C

ol-

lege. B

abie

s b

egan a

rrivin

g, a

nd

Bo

nd

, ne

ed

ing

a jo

b a

nd

a m

ore

in

vo

lve

d e

xis

ten

ce

tha

n b

ein

g a

n

un

de

rgra

du

ate

affo

rde

d h

im, le

ft colle

ge in

the m

iddle

of h

is s

e-

nio

r ye

ar to

wo

rk fu

ll time

for th

e

Atla

nta

In

quire

r a

nd

the

mo

ve

-m

ent. H

e b

ecam

e m

anagin

g e

dito

r o

f the

pa

pe

r, the

n w

as in

vite

d

ove

r to S

nic

k h

ea

dq

ua

rters

to b

e

info

rmatio

n d

irecto

r at $

40 a

46

mo

nth

He

an

d h

is b

roth

er J

am

es,

five y

ears

his

junio

r, handle

d

Sn

ick's

pu

blic

rela

tion

s, a

job

Ju

-lia

n d

esp

ise

d—

"I felt lik

e a

wh

ore

, o

r a p

imp

"—fe

ed

ing

tap

es to

ra-

dio

sta

tion

s, h

an

do

uts

to re

po

rters

, te

arin

g a

rou

nd

the

So

uth

in S

nic

k's

dis

tinctiv

e w

hip

-ante

nnaed P

lym

-outh

Savoys. . . . "T

his

is Z

ero

-o

ne

, ca

lling

Ze

ro-tw

o; I'm

50

mile

s

from

Su

nflo

we

r, an

d c

om

ing

in,

VA

RO

OM

!" T

he

re w

ere

mid

nig

ht

chases b

y th

e p

olic

e, w

ith d

arin

g

"moonshin

er tu

rns"—

lights

out, a

hard

left U

-turn

on a

dirt ro

ad,

the

bra

ke

s a

lmo

st lo

cke

d, a

tou

ch

of th

e e

merg

ency b

rake, a

double

-clu

tch d

ow

n in

to lo

w a

nd th

e g

as

pe

da

l flat—

to c

are

en

ba

ck p

ast

the

po

lice

me

n th

ere

wo

nd

erin

g,

"Wh

ere

'd h

e g

o, w

he

re'd

he

go

?"

Th

e m

ove

me

nt d

rew

vo

lun

-te

ers

from

all o

ver th

e c

ountry

, a

nd

as th

ey c

am

e d

ow

n to

tha

t stra

ng

e la

nd

be

low

the

Ma

so

n-

Dix

on lin

e th

at is

so m

uch a

part

of, a

nd a

t the s

am

e tim

e s

o s

ep-

ara

te fro

m, th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s, in

-te

rior s

train

s a

nd

ten

sio

ns b

eg

an

to

mo

un

t with

in th

e m

ove

me

nt.

So

uth

ern

Ne

gro

es ca

me

up

ag

ain

st N

orth

ern

wh

ites, a

nd

the

wh

ites

tended to

take o

ver m

ostly

be-

cause o

f their b

ette

r educatio

n. "I

mean, y

ou'd

see a

Negro

girl ju

st

lea

rnin

g h

ow

to ty

pe

," Bo

nd

re-

ca

lls, "w

ho

gre

w u

p in

Gre

en

-w

oo

d, M

iss., w

en

t to h

igh

sch

oo

l th

ere

, is ju

st le

arn

ing h

ow

to ty

pe

on

the

offic

e ty

pe

write

r an

d s

om

e

ch

ick fro

m V

assa

r sa

ys, 'L

et m

e

'111111E

do th

at—

I can d

o it fa

ste

r.' And

she d

oes it, a

nd s

o th

is g

irl says,

'We

ll, he

ll, I'll ne

ve

r lea

rn h

ow

to

type if th

is c

hic

k is

goin

g to

com

e

dow

n h

ere

huntin

' and p

eckin

' and

by th

e e

nd o

f the s

um

mer, s

he'll

whip

back u

p to

Vassar a

nd I'll

still

be h

ere

, huntin

' and p

eck-

in'.' " R

ese

ntm

en

t gre

w—

alo

ng

w

ith fe

ar o

f terrib

le v

iole

nce b

y

white

racis

ts p

rovoked b

y th

e

"ou

tsid

ers

." T

he

fina

l pu

t-do

wn

wa

s fe

lt acute

ly b

y b

lack c

ivil rig

hts

work

-ers

, who h

ad s

o o

ften g

one u

p to

eld

erly

Negro

es a

nd a

sked th

em

to

go

do

wn

an

d re

gis

ter to

vo

te

on

ly to

be

told

, va

gu

ely

, to c

om

e

ba

ck n

ext w

ee

k. "B

ut y

ou

ge

t a

young w

hite

kid

to c

om

e u

p a

nd

sa

y, 'M

iste

r Sm

ith, w

e w

an

t yo

u

to g

o re

gis

ter,' a

nd

he

'd s

ay, 'O

h,

ye

ssu

h, c

ap

tain

, ye

s, s

uh

, be

righ

t dow

n

there

,' " and, B

ond s

ays

bitte

rly, "it b

ecam

e p

eople

doin

g

the

righ

t thin

g fo

r the

wro

ng

rea

-son a

ll over a

gain

." T

hen in

the s

um

mer o

f 1964

cam

e a

shock s

o d

isillu

sio

nin

g it

dro

ve m

any c

ivil rig

hts

work

ers

w

ho

ha

d p

revio

usly

be

en

willin

g

to w

ork

with

white

s a

nd w

ithin

th

e "s

yste

m" o

ff fore

ve

r into

bla

ck

milita

ncy. T

he M

issis

sip

pi F

reedom

D

em

ocra

tic P

arty

, in a

mo

ve

sim

i-la

r to B

ond's

ow

n s

uccessfu

l ef-

forts

last s

um

mer, h

ad s

ele

cte

d its

o

wn

de

leg

ate

s to

the

Atla

ntic

City

conventio

n o

f the D

em

ocra

tic P

ar-

ty, c

laim

ing th

at th

ey a

nd n

ot th

e

regula

rs tru

ly re

pre

sente

d th

e p

eo-

ple

of th

e s

tate

. S

o m

any m

em

bers

of th

e C

re-

de

ntia

ls C

om

mitte

e s

up

po

rted

the

F

DP

cause

that p

arty ch

iefta

in L

yn-

don J

ohnson, th

reate

ned w

ith a

n

ug

ly a

nd

em

ba

rrassin

g flo

or fig

ht

over th

e M

issis

sip

pi s

eats

, pushed

the m

uscle

butto

n. A

hig

h P

en-

tagon o

fficia

l calle

d a

dele

gate

fro

m th

e C

an

al Z

on

e a

nd

sp

oke

softly

about th

e im

pendin

g lo

ss o

f a

job

; Ca

liforn

ia G

ove

rno

r Pa

t B

row

n m

urm

ure

d to

an

oth

er d

el-

egate

about a

judgeship

that

would

n't c

om

e h

er h

usband's

way

if she p

ers

iste

d; M

ayor R

obert

Wa

gn

er p

ersu

asive

ly urg

ed

his N

e-

gro

se

cre

tary

to w

ithd

raw

he

r su

p-

port; th

e W

hite

House le

aned

ha

rd, th

ou

gh

un

su

cce

ssfu

lly, o

n

Joe R

auh, c

ounsel to

the F

DP

. F

ina

lly, c

om

mitte

e s

up

po

rt wa

s

ero

ded p

erilo

usly

clo

se to

the e

s-

se

ntia

l nu

mb

er 1

1—

at le

ast th

at

many m

em

bers

were

needed fo

r a m

inority

report—

and th

en th

e

Adm

inis

tratio

n fo

rces re

veale

d a

co

mp

rom

ise se

ttlem

en

t—tw

o se

ats

at la

rge

. It wa

s, R

au

h re

ca

lls, "lik

e

a R

ussia

n to

rture

ch

am

be

r—th

ey

get y

ou s

care

d a

nd th

en o

ffer y

ou

a c

igare

tte."

Th

e F

DP

reje

cte

d th

e o

ffer d

e-

spite

warn

ings th

at if th

ey d

id,

Hu

mp

hre

y w

ou

ld lo

se

the

bid

for

CO

NT

INU

ED

Now

he

is w

orki

ng f

or a

pow

er b

ase

for

him

self

and

his

rac

e

CO

NT

INU

ED

the

Vic

e P

resi

de

ncy

. "F

or

a lo

t o

f people

," B

ond s

ays

, "t

hat w

as

just

th

e e

nd

. P

olit

ica

l lib

era

ls in

th

e

pa

rty

tha

t S

nic

k h

ad

alw

ays

co

un

t-e

d o

n f

or

su

pp

ort

un

de

r th

at

kin

d

of

pre

ssu

re ju

st c

ou

ldn

't st

an

d u

p

to it. T

hey w

ilted a

way, and that

wa

s t

he

la

st

str

aw

. P

eo

ple

sa

id,

'We

ll, w

e're

no

t g

oin

g t

o g

et

it in

p

olit

ics;

yo

u c

an

't co

un

t o

n w

hite

p

eo

ple

; th

ey'll

fin

k o

ut

at

the

la

st

min

ute

'; a

nd

th

at

wa

s it.

" E

mbitte

red a

s h

e, like h

is

frie

nds,

was

by

Atla

ntic

City

, B

ond

neve

rthele

ss c

hose

to s

tay

with

in

the "

syst

em

," a

nd in

1965 r

an for

a n

ew

seat in

the G

eorg

ia H

ouse

th

at had b

een c

reate

d b

y th

e S

u-

pre

me

Co

urt

de

cisi

on

on

re

ap

po

r-tio

nm

en

t. I

t is

th

is v

ery

fa

ct

tha

t Ju

lian

Bo

nd

did

no

t q

uit

the

ga

me

in

dis

gust, that he c

hose inste

ad

to b

ecom

e a

polit

icia

n, still

a m

il-ita

nt

bu

t o

ne

alo

ne

, o

uts

ide

mil-

itancy, and a

ble

to r

ecogniz

e the

po

litic

ian

's n

ece

ssity t

o c

om

pro

-m

ise

, th

at

ma

kes

him

so

pe

rple

x-in

gly

inte

resting. W

ith s

om

e h

elp

fr

om

Snic

k, he w

on the p

rim

ary

by a

resoundin

g m

arg

in, and s

ix

weeks late

r th

e g

enera

l ele

ction,

dra

win

g 8

2%

of

his

dis

tric

t vo

te.

He se

em

ed

he

ad

ed

fo

r a

se

at

in

On

a s

pe

aki

ng

to

ur

wh

ich

ha

s h

im

bo

oke

d u

ntil

Ch

rist

ma

s, B

on

d t

ells

a

Ne

w Y

ork

hig

h s

cho

ol a

ud

ien

ce U

.S.

sho

uld

en

d "

raci

st"

Vie

tna

m w

ar,

the

ve

ry le

gis

lativ

e c

ha

mb

er

fro

m

wh

ich

he

ha

d b

ee

n e

jecte

d ju

st

thre

e y

ea

rs e

arlie

r w

he

n h

e t

rie

d

to in

tegra

te it

s vi

sito

rs' g

alle

ry.

But th

en B

ond e

ndors

ed a

po-

sitio

n s

tate

me

nt

by

Sn

ick

tha

t co

n-

dem

ned the w

ar

in V

ietn

am

, and

com

pounded the p

olit

ical d

am

age

by

ap

pla

ud

ing

th

e c

ou

rag

e o

f d

raft

-ca

rd b

urn

ers

. H

ou

se m

em

be

rs g

ot

up p

etitions a

gain

st his

seating,

fee

ling

no

do

ub

t a

go

od

de

al lik

e

Hu

ck F

inn

's f

ath

er

wh

en

he

me

t a

"f

ree n

igger

from

Ohio

." O

ld P

ap

reco

unte

d, M

ark

Tw

ain

tells

us,

in-

dig

na

ntly:

"An

d t

o s

ee

th

e c

oo

l w

ay o

f th

at nig

ger—

why, he

would

n't'a

' giv

e m

e the r

oad

if I h

adn't s

hoved h

im o

ut o'

the

wa

y.

I sa

ys t

o t

he

pe

op

le,

why a

in't this

nig

ger

put up a

t a

uct

ion

an

d s

old

?"

A

specia

l com

mitte

e r

ecom

-m

ended a

gain

st p

erm

ittin

g h

im to

take the o

ath

of offic

e; and o

n

Ja

n.

10

, B

on

d w

atc

he

d w

ith

blu

r-rin

g e

ye

s a

s t

he

big

ele

ctr

ic t

ote

board

record

ed the h

ouse v

ote

-1

84

-to

-12

ag

ain

st s

ea

ting

him

. U

p

in t

he

ga

llery

, h

is w

ife

to

ld h

im

late

r, s

he h

ad b

are

ly b

een a

ble

to

ke

ep

fro

m s

cre

am

ing

, a

nd

his

fa

-th

er

said

not lo

ng a

go, "I

did

n't

kn

ow

he

ha

d it

in h

im w

he

n t

he

y

had that ka

ngaro

o c

ourt

; I w

as

sit-

ting

up

th

ere

ge

ttin

g f

urio

use

r a

nd

fu

rio

use

r, b

ut h

e k

ept his

cool."

B

on

d t

oo

k h

is c

ase

to

fe

de

ral

4011

MIS

NR

IMIN

IIIIM

I111

1111

11

co

urt

an

d lo

st

an

d t

he

n,

on

De

c.

5,

19

66

, th

e S

up

rem

e C

ou

rt g

ran

t-e

d B

on

d,

the

th

ird

me

mb

er

of

his

fa

mily

in thre

e g

enera

tions to b

e

a p

lain

tiff b

efo

re t

he h

igh c

ourt

, h

is s

ea

t, d

ecla

rin

g t

he

le

gis

latu

re

had n

o r

ight to

stifle the v

oic

e o

f a m

em

ber.

(B

ond's

gra

ndfa

ther

in

19

08

ha

d b

ee

n,

as a

me

mb

er

of

the b

oard

of tr

ust

ees

of B

ere

a C

ol-

lege, a c

o-p

lain

tiff in a

case that

un

succ

ess

fully

att

ack

ed

a K

en

tuck

y la

w r

equirin

g s

epara

tion o

f th

e

race

s in

sch

oo

l. In

19

54

, h

is f

ath

er

help

ed p

repare

the b

rief in

the h

is-

toric

case

that st

ruck

dow

n t

he n

o-

tio

n o

f "s

ep

ara

te b

ut

eq

ua

l"

sch

oo

ls.)

I n th

e H

ou

se

, a

le

gis

lative

bo

dy

wh

ere

, sa

ys C

ha

rle

s M

org

an

, la

w-

ye

r fo

r th

e A

me

rica

n C

ivil

Lib

-e

rtie

s U

nio

n in

Atla

nta

, "H

itle

r w

ould

be a

mid

dle

-of-

the-r

oader,

" B

ond a

dm

ittedly

has

not been n

o-

tab

ly e

ffe

ctiv

e.

Bu

t h

e s

till p

refe

rs

his

job to that of, s

ay, bein

g m

ay-

or

of

a c

ity (

"Wh

at

will

Lin

dsa

y

be a

ble

to s

ay a

t th

e e

nd o

f his

fo

ur

ye

ars

; w

ha

t w

ill h

e p

oin

t to

?

I ca

n p

oin

t to

little

sid

ew

alk

s—

ma

yb

e in

50

ye

ars

, th

ey'll

ca

ll it

the 'J

ulia

n B

ond M

em

orial S

ide-

wa

lk'").

An

d w

hile

his

19

65

ca

m-

paig

n p

latf

orm

of a

min

imu

m

wage law

, elim

ination o

f right-

to-

work

law

s a

nd the s

tate

's c

apital

pu

nis

hm

en

t la

w r

em

ain

s u

nfu

l-fille

d,

Bo

nd

, u

no

pp

ose

d in

th

is

year's e

lection, pla

ns to s

tay in

the

Ho

use

fo

r a

no

the

r fo

ur

yea

rs.

By t

he

n,

he

ho

pe

s,

his

co

ng

res-

sio

nal dis

tric

t w

ill have b

een

ha

lve

d a

nd

he

exp

ects

to

be

carr

ied into

the U

nited S

tate

s

In a

wa

y,

alth

ou

gh

he

ha

sn

't

written a

couple

t in

years

, B

ond is

continuin

g w

ith h

is p

oetr

y, but

now

it is

a v

erb

al kin

d o

f tr

ou-

ba

do

urin

g,

usin

g h

is p

oe

t's im

ag

-ery

and la

nguage to d

eliv

er,

in h

is

deceptively

languid

, hoars

e, soft,

smo

ker's

voic

e,

an

ad

mo

nis

hm

en

t,

a c

ajo

lery

, a s

tern

warn

ing to h

is

audie

nce

s; a

s poets

can s

om

etim

es

do, he is r

oam

ing the c

ountr

y

spre

adin

g the u

nple

asant new

s

tha

t A

me

rica

's f

utu

re is

no

w.

Ju

lian

Bo

nd

do

esn

't h

an

d o

ut

any a

spirin

to e

ither

whites o

r bla

cks. H

e s

ees "

just a lot of tu

r-m

oil f

rom

no

w o

n,"

te

rro

rism

, b

lack

sa

bo

tag

e. o

f p

ow

er

pla

nts

, w

hite

po

lice

bru

talit

y, s

ee

s a

co

un

-tr

y w

hic

h is d

ecid

ing n

ow

whic

h

of

two

wa

ys it

will

go

: to

wa

rd c

on

-centr

ation-c

am

p-lik

e g

hettos o

r "b

roth

erh

ood, peace a

nd lig

ht."

He s

ees

the e

lect

ion a

s "t

wo r

oad

sh

ow

s o

n t

ou

r, s

pe

akin

g f

rom

th

e

sam

e s

crip

t. T

he

titl

e o

f th

is y

ea

r's

extr

avaganza is L

aw

and O

rder,

o

r, H

ow

to

Se

ll O

ut

to t

he

So

uth

w

ithout O

nce S

ayin

g 'N

igger.

'"

The a

nsw

er,

as

Bond c

an b

est

see

it, is

fo

r "t

ho

se le

ast

aff

ect

ed

, le

ast

in

volv

ed, th

e g

reat m

ass o

f bla

ck

and w

hite

mid

dle

-cla

ss A

merica

ns,

to

in

vo

lve

th

em

se

lve

s .

..

tha

t a

c-

tion

re

pla

ce s

log

an

s, t

ha

t rh

eto

ric

be r

epla

ced w

ith r

ealit

y."

Div

idin

g h

is t

ime

be

twe

en

a r

aft

of sp

eaki

ng e

ngagem

ents

and p

o-

litica

l g

ue

rrilla

mis

sio

ns d

ow

n

So

uth

an

d a

rou

nd

th

e c

ou

ntr

y; h

e

frets

that he h

as n

o im

media

te

ho

pe

of

usin

g t

he

im

pe

tus h

e

ga

ine

d a

t C

hic

ag

o a

nd

th

at

he

ha

s so

fa

r n

ot

de

ve

lop

ed

an

y p

olit

ica

l p

ow

er

ba

se

of

his

ow

n.

Th

is h

e

will

try

to r

em

edy in tim

e to r

un

for

Congre

ss in

1972 a

nd h

as

pla

ns

as w

ell

to h

elp

oth

er

Negro

es in

the

So

uth

bu

ild th

e o

rga

niz

atio

ns

in d

isgust, th

at h

e c

hose in

ste

ad

to b

ecom

e a

politic

ian, s

till a m

il-

itant b

ut o

ne a

lone, o

uts

ide m

il-

itancy, a

nd a

ble

to re

cogniz

e th

e

politic

ian's

necessity

to c

om

pro

-

mis

e, th

at m

akes h

im s

o p

erp

lex-

ingly

inte

restin

g. W

ith s

om

e h

elp

from

Snic

k, h

e w

on th

e p

rimary

by a

resoundin

g m

arg

in, a

nd s

ix

weeks la

ter th

e g

enera

l ele

ctio

n,

dra

win

g 8

2%

of h

is d

istric

t vote

.

He s

eem

ed h

eaded fo

r a s

eat in

On a

speakin

g to

ur w

hich

has h

im

booke

d u

ntil C

hristm

as, B

ond te

lls a

NeW

York high school audience U

.S.

should

end "ra

cist" Vie

tnam

war.

A s

pecia

l com

mitte

e re

com

-

mended a

gain

st p

erm

itting h

im to

take th

e o

ath

of o

ffice; a

nd o

n

Jan. 1

0, B

ond w

atc

hed w

ith b

lur-

ring e

yes a

s th

e b

ig e

lectric

tote

board

record

ed th

e h

ouse v

ote

-

184-to

-12 a

gain

st s

eatin

g h

im. U

p

in th

e g

alle

ry, h

is w

ife to

ld h

im

late

r, she h

ad b

are

ly b

een a

ble

to

keep fro

m s

cre

am

ing, a

nd h

is fa

-

ther s

aid

not lo

ng a

go, "I d

idn't

kn

ow

he h

ad

it in h

im w

hen th

ey

had th

at k

angaro

o c

ourt; I w

as s

it-

ting

up

the

re g

ettin

g fu

riou

se

r an

d

furio

use

r, but h

e k

ept h

is c

ool."

Bond to

ok h

is c

ase to

federa

l

tably

ette

ctiv

e. ta

ut h

e s

till pre

ters

his

job to

that o

f, say, b

ein

g m

ay-

or o

f a c

ity ("W

ha

t will L

ind

sa

y

be a

ble

to s

ay a

t the e

nd o

f his

four y

ears

; what w

ill he p

oin

t to?

I can p

oin

t to little

sid

ew

alk

s—

maybe in

50 y

ears

, they'll c

all it

the 'J

ulia

n B

ond M

em

oria

l Sid

e-

walk

'"). And w

hile

his

1965 c

am

-

paig

n p

latfo

rm o

f a m

inim

um

wage la

w, e

limin

atio

n o

f right-to

-

work

law

s a

nd th

e s

tate

's c

apita

l

pu

nis

hm

en

t law

rem

ain

s u

nfu

l-

filled, B

ond, u

nopposed in

this

year's

ele

ctio

n, p

lans to

sta

y in

the H

ouse fo

r anoth

er fo

ur y

ears

.

By th

en, h

e h

opes, h

is c

ongre

s-

sio

nal d

istric

t will h

ave b

een

ha

lve

d a

nd

he

exp

ects

to b

e

carrie

d in

to th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s

Congre

ss—

by th

e v

ote

s fro

m

the

bla

ck h

alf.

In th

e m

eantim

e, th

is s

om

etim

es

uncerta

in y

oung m

an, w

ho c

arrie

s

a h

eavy g

old

pocket w

atc

h in

his

vest a

nd h

as a

n a

ntiq

ue c

am

eo le

t-

ters

eal d

anglin

g fro

m th

e w

atc

h

chain

, ponders

the s

well o

f fan

ma

il he

is g

ettin

g a

fter C

hic

ag

o.

(Tw

o p

eople

wro

te h

im th

at h

e

had e

voked in

them

feelin

gs th

ey

had e

xperie

nced o

nly

once b

efo

re

—w

hen Jo

hn F

. Kennedy a

ppeare

d

at th

e c

onventio

n in

1956.)

Despite

this

sudden a

dula

tion,

Bond is

pic

kin

g h

is s

hots

care

fully

,

figurin

g a

ngle

s w

ith th

e p

recis

ion

of fa

r more

experie

nced p

ols

, ven-

turin

g n

orth

for a

Paul O

'Dw

yer,

into

Atla

nta

for a

Charle

s W

eltn

er

(the fo

rmer c

ongre

ssm

an w

ho

jum

ped o

ff the tic

ket in

1966 ra

th-

er th

an ru

n w

ith M

addox) a

nd

appearin

g a

t so m

any c

olle

ges

he is

gone fro

m h

om

e m

ost o

f

every

week—

to th

e d

ism

ay o

f

his

wife

, who h

ate

s p

olitic

s a

nd

lam

ents

that s

he th

ought

she w

as

marry

ing a

write

r.

tie a

nsw

er, a

s o

unu L

an uent. A

CC

it, is fo

r "those le

ast a

ffecte

d, le

ast

involv

ed, th

e g

reat m

ass o

f bla

ck

and w

hite

mid

dle

-class A

merica

ns,

to in

vo

lve

the

mse

lve

s ... th

at a

c-

tion re

pla

ce s

logans, th

at rh

eto

ric

be re

pla

ced w

ith re

ality

."

Div

idin

g h

is tim

e b

etw

een a

raft

of s

peakin

g e

ngagem

ents

and p

o-

litical g

uerrilla

mis

sio

ns d

ow

n

South

and a

round th

e c

ountry

, he

frets

that h

e h

as n

o im

media

te

ho

pe

of u

sin

g th

e im

pe

tus h

e

ga

ine

d a

t Ch

ica

go

an

d th

at h

e h

as

so fa

r not d

evelo

ped a

ny p

olitic

al

pow

er b

ase o

f his

ow

n. T

his

he

will try

to re

medy in

time to

run

for C

ongre

ss in 1

972 a

nd h

as p

lans

as w

ell to

help

oth

er N

egro

es in

the S

outh

build

the o

rganiz

atio

ns

they n

eed d

espera

tely

if they a

re

ever g

oin

g to

surv

ive th

at g

rand

old

geld

ing d

evice

, the D

em

ocra

tic

prim

ary

. He re

cently

stu

die

d 5

0

politic

al c

am

paig

ns b

y N

egro

can-

did

ate

s in

the

So

uth

for th

e S

ou

th-

ern

Regio

nal C

ouncil a

nd h

opes

to fo

rm a

no

np

rofit in

stitu

te w

ith

oth

ers

like J

ohn L

ew

is, fo

rmer

chairm

an o

f Snic

k, th

at w

ould

, in

part, c

ontin

ue th

at s

tudy a

nd h

elp

Negro

candid

ate

s g

et to

ehold

s in

South

ern

city

halls

.

An

d a

s fo

r his

pe

rso

na

l po

litica

l

hopes, w

hen th

e c

row

d c

hants

over a

nd o

ver a

gain

, sta

ndin

g o

n

the s

eats

to a

ppla

ud h

im a

s h

e

lea

ve

s th

e s

tag

e, s

cre

am

ing

it ou

t,

"Julia

n B

ond, Ju

lian B

ond," y

ou re

-

mem

ber C

harle

s W

eltn

er in

the

livin

g ro

om

of h

is A

tlanta

hom

e,

mullin

g o

ver w

hat h

e s

aw

ahead

for th

is u

psta

rt friend o

f his

, Ju-

lian B

ond—

that h

e h

ad, p

ow

er

base o

r no p

ow

er b

ase, a

gre

at fu

-

ture

in s

tore

. As

what?

he w

as

asked, a

nd C

harlie

replie

d, "O

h, I

don't k

now

—m

aybe ju

st a

s h

ero

-

at-la

rge!"