jpmorgan mbs primerdaudley/448/jhuonly/jpm mbs primer.pdf · jpmorgan mbs primer stric t l y...
TRANSCRIPT
J U N E 2 0 0 6
M B S
J P M O R G A N M B S P R I M E R
ST
RI
CT
LY
PR
IV
AT
EA
ND
CO
NF
ID
EN
TI
AL
M B S
Analyst CertificationThe strategist(s) denoted by an asterisk (“*”) certify that: (1) all of the views expressed herein accurately reflect his or her personal views about any and all of the subject instruments or issuers; and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by him or her in this material, except that his or her compensation may be based on the performance of the views expressed.
This research contains the views, opinions and recommendations of research strategists with JPMorgan US Fixed Income Strategy. Research strategists routinely consult with JPMSI trading desk personnel in formulating views, opinions and recommendations in preparing this research. Trading desks may trade or may have traded as principal on the basis of the research strategist(s) views and report(s). Therefore, this research may not be independent from the proprietary interests of JPMSI trading desks which may conflict with your interests. In addition, research strategists receive compensation based, in part, on the quality of their analysis, firm revenues, trading revenues, and competitive factors.
Copyright 2006 J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved. JPMorgan is the marketing name for J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries and affiliates worldwide. J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is a member of NYSE and SIPC. JPMorgan Chase Bank is a memberof FDIC. J.P. Morgan Futures Inc. is a member of the NFA. J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd. and J.P. Morgan plc are authorised by the FSA and members of the LSE. J.P. Morgan Europe Limited is authorised by the FSA. J.P. Morgan Equities Limited is a member of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange and is regulated by the FSB. J.P. Morgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited is registered as an investment advisers with the Securities & Futures Commission in Hong Kong and itsCE numbers is AAJ321 Jardine Fleming Singapore Securities Pte Ltd is a member of Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited and is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (“MAS”). J.P. Morgan Securities Asia Private Limited is regulated by the MAS and the Financial Supervisory Agency in Japan. J.P.Morgan Australia Limited (ABN 52 002 888 011) is a licensed securities dealer.
This material is provided for information only and is not intended as a recommendation or an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security or financial instrument. JPMorgan and its affiliates may have positions (long or short), effect transactions or make markets in securities or financial instruments mentioned herein (or options with respect thereto), or provide advice or loans to, or participate in the underwriting or restructuring of the obligations of, issuers mentioned herein. The information contained herein is as of the date and time referenced above and JPMorgan does not undertake any obligation to update such information. All market prices, data and other information are not warranted as to completeness or accuracy and are subject to change without notice. Transactions involving securities and financial instruments mentioned herein (including futures and options) may not be appropriate for all investors. Clients should contact their salespersons at, and execute transactions through, a JPMorgan entity qualified in their home jurisdiction unless governing law permits otherwise J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is a member of NASD, NYSE and SIPC In the UK and other EEA countries, this material is not available for distribution to persons regarded as private customers (or equivalent) in their home jurisdiction.
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
Case Studies 99
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163 1
Agency MBS market composition and issuance
M B S
Securitized agency market compositionSecuritized agency market composition Annual fixed-rate net issuance ($ billions)Annual fixed-rate net issuance ($ billions)
30-year
($2.2
trillion)
65%
Other Fixed
($157.2
billion)
5%
Hybrid ARM
IO ($107.1
billion)
3%
1/1 ARM
($29.4
billion)
1%
Hybrid ARM
($229.5
billion)
7%
15-year
($650 billion)
19%
Source: JPMorgan, FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA
Total = $__mm
217276
156
292211 231
-17
109 93
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Source: JPMorgan, FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
Annual hybrid ARM net issuance ($ billions)Annual hybrid ARM net issuance ($ billions)
-31-13
10
-11
49
74 79
52
13
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Total = $3.4 trillion
Source: JPMorgan, FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA
2
MBS in the U.S. fixed income market
M B S
Fixed income market compositionFixed income market compositionOverviewOverview
Largest US fixed income asset class
Many products to choose from within the MBS market
Agency fixed-rates and ARMs
Non-agency fixed-rates and ARMs (Jumbos, Alt-As)
Whole loans
CMOs and other structured MBS
Superior liquidity
The TBA market adds unique liquidity to MBS
MBS market often used to express duration and curve views (due to its liquidity and size)
Agency fixed-rate pass-throughs is 34% of the Lehman U.S. Aggregate Index (a benchmark of the U.S. investment grade debt).
Municipal
9%
Mortgage
Related
23%
Fed Agencies
10%
Money
Market
14%
Asset-
backed
8%
Corporate
19%
U.S.
Treasury
17%
Source: The Bond Market Association, as of March 2006
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
Total = $25.9 trillion
3
The mortgage market has surged, thanks to a strong housing market and cash-out refis
M B S
5,133
5,614
6,317
7,120
8,079
8,6838,978
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1-4 Family Mortgage Debt Outstanding ($ billions)1-4 Family Mortgage Debt Outstanding ($ billions)
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
Source: Bond Market Association, Federal Reserve Board
4
The MBS market links borrowers and investors
M B S
Agencies
Mortgage lenders
MBS Dealers
Borrowers MBS Investors
Mortgage Loans MBS Pass-through
Securitization
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
The issuer of the pass-through obtains the mortgages either by purchasing or originating the loans
Loans with similar characteristics are pooled together; loans are securitized
The investor has undivided ownership interest (the investor is entitled to the pro-rata share of interest and principal payments of the underlying loans)
A “pass-through” is the basic MBS structure
It passes the monthly principal and interest payments, minus a servicing spread, from a pool of mortgages to investors
5
Origination: The Menu of Mortgages Has Expanded
M B S
Origination: production of new loans in primary market
Products
– Fixed-rate mortgages (30-year / 20-year / 15-year)
– Adjustable rate mortgages (Hybrid ARMs: 3/1, 5/1, 7/1, 10/1)
– Interest-Only
– MTAs; Option ARMs
– OtherBalloon mortgages (5-year / 7-year)Prepayment penalty mortgages
“Conforming” balance loans
“Non-conforming” loans (Private label, Non-agencies)
Jumbos and Alt-As
6MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
Understanding Mortgage Collateral : Borrower Credit & Housing Leverage
M B S
Borrower Credit and Information
FICO Score – Historical Credit Use and Management— Avg FICO Score for Jumbo Mortgages : ~730— Avg FICO Score for Alt-A Mortgages : ~700— Avg FICO Score for Subprime Mortgages : ~600— Non-Linear Relationship Between FICO and Propensity to Default
Documentation— Full vs. Limited/Reduced/No Doc
Leverage (Debt to Income Ratios)
Reserves : Staying Power in the event of financial trouble
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
7
Understanding Collateral cont…
M B S
Housing Leverage
Loan-to-Value Ratio— House Value / Mortgage Amount
— Higher LTV Less Equity Protection for the Mortgage Investor Higher Risk
Occupancy— Owner Occupied – Borrower Lives in the Property (Most Secure)— Second Home – Borrower has personal ties to the property— Investor – Business Decision on Economic Situation (Least Secure)
Property Type— Single Family Property (Most Secure)— Condos— Multi-Family
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
8
Conforming loan limits rose by 16%, reaching $417,000 in 2006
M B S
Conforming Limits ($’000)Conforming Limits ($’000)
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Source: FHFB, JPMorgan
Conforming loan limit for 2006
MA
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
9
Origination channels
M B S
$3.0 trillion origination volume in
2005
Retail (42%) - loan officer employed by mortgage banking company; mortgage loan is closed in the name of the lender
Broker (34%) – mortgage loan broker represents borrower to lending institution; mortgage loan is closed in the name of the lender
Correspondent (24%) – independent mortgage banking company; mortgage loan is closed in “ABC” Mortgages name and sold to mortgage banker
Internet – mortgage loan originated and funded by mortgage banking company through website
Top 5 mortgage banking companies account for over 48% of all new origination volume
1. Countrywide
2. Wells Fargo
3. Washington Mutual
4. Chase Home Finance
5. CitiMortgage
Source: National Mortgage News, as of Q1 2006
RK
ET
OV
ER
VI
EW
AN
DO
RI
GI
NA
TI
ON
MA
10
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163
11
Major MBS investors
M B S
MBS Investor BreakdownMBS Investor BreakdownMBS Investors ($ billion)MBS Investors ($ billion)
% Chg Investor Type All MSRs Non-Agency All MSRs Non-Agency % of MSRs since 2004Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac 1,261$ 267$ 1,192$ 363$ 26% -5%FDIC Commercial Banks 876$ 124$ 913$ 158$ 20% 4%Life Insurance Cos. 465$ N.A. 480$ 150$ 10% 3%Foreign Investors 280$ 30$ 400$ 50$ 9% 43%Mutual Funds 318$ N.A. 325$ N.A. 7% 2%Personal Sector 270$ N.A. 290$ N.A. 6% 7%Public Pension Funds 270$ N.A. 275$ N.A. 6% 2%All Thrifts 234$ 7$ 228$ 6$ 5% -3%Priv. Pension Funds 125$ 13$ 128$ 15$ 3% 2%FHLBanks 113$ 71$ 117$ 71$ 3% 3%REITs 95$ 50$ 105$ 60$ 2% 11%Finance Companies 85$ N.A. 88$ N.A. 2% 4%MBS Dealer Inventory 41$ 15$ 55$ 20$ 1% 34%Federal Credit Unions 28$ N.A. 29$ N.A. 1% 2%Subtotal: 4,462$ 577$ 4,625$ 893$ All Other Investors* 317$ 474$ Total Outstanding 4,779$ 1,076$ 5,098$ 1,289$
Mid-2005YE 2004
Agencies
29%
Foreign
Investors
9%Insurance
Companies
10%
Mutual Funds
7%
REITs
2%
Finance
Companies
2%
Dealer
Inventory
1%
Pension
Funds
9%
Personal
Sector
6%
Banks
25%
Source: Inside MBS & ABS
Source: Inside MBS & ABS
Total = $4.6 trillion
DE
MA
ND
12
Foreign demand has dominated the mortgage market over the past several years
M B S
Source: US Treasury, Federal Reserve, FNMA, FHLMC, JPMorgan* Foreign purchase data: March ’06, GSE: April ’06, Bank: May ‘06
Net Purchases ($ billions, annual)Net Purchases ($ billions, annual)
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Foreign GSE Bank
DE
MA
ND
13
Trends in bank demand
M B S
Bank holdings are still growing, but at a slower pace.
Some signs that bank demand could slow:
MBS holdings as a percentage of deposits have increased
C&I loan growth has picked up
But, there are mitigating factors:
Deposit rates have remained sticky
Unrealized losses are significant
Mortgages remain one of the few sectors that offers the size and
liquidity that large banks need
DE
MA
ND
14
Large banks have been drawn to the mortgage market
M B S
Top 3 Bank Holdings as % of Total Banks’Top 3 Bank Holdings as % of Total Banks’
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
Mar-01 Sep-01 Mar-02 Sep-02 Mar-03 Sep-03 Mar-04 Sep-04 Mar-05 Sep-05 Mar-06
Source: Federal Reserve, JPMorgan
Large banks have enjoyed the liquidity of the mortgage market for large trades,
and average trade size has increased significantly.
Diversification and movement away from credit risk have been themes, but could
shift if mortgages remain tight.
DE
MA
ND
15
Top 10 banks ranked by MBS portfolios as of 1Q 2006
M B S
Bank Holding Company Total MBS Change Pass-through Change CMO ChangeBANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION 212,273,791 15,121,205 206,670,221 15,808,550 5,603,570 -687,345WACHOVIA CORPORATION 94,293,000 3,173,000 78,527,000 2,338,000 15,766,000 835,000JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 41,644,000 18,775,000 40,354,000 18,633,000 1,290,000 142,000WELLS FARGO & COMPANY 40,042,000 7,676,000 33,969,000 8,729,000 6,073,000 -1,053,000US BANCORP 35,975,000 -1,547,000 22,928,000 -576,000 13,047,000 -971,000CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP INC 31,828,058 1,087,257 11,429,339 176,681 20,398,719 910,576BANK OF NEW YORK COMPANY INC 22,671,000 189,000 2,908,000 -129,000 19,763,000 318,000COMMERCE BANCORP INC 20,908,478 1,076,917 3,651,529 104,519 17,256,949 972,398STATE STREET CORPORATION 20,252,615 581,874 6,324,590 -626,064 13,928,025 1,207,938SUNTRUST BANKS INC 17,287,171 264,477 11,580,470 -159,294 5,706,701 423,771
·The top 10 banks account for over 58% of all bank MBS holdings.
Source: Federal Reserve, JPMorgan
DE
MA
ND
16
Bank MBS holdings continue to grow
M B S
MBS Holdings of Large Banks ($ billions)MBS Holdings of Large Banks ($ billions)
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
May-99 May-00 May-01 May-02 May-03 May-04 May-05 May-06
Source: Federal Reserve
DE
MA
ND
17
Security purchases and C&I loan growth has typically been inversely correlated
M B S
MBS and C&I Holdings (Annual changes since 2000)MBS and C&I Holdings (Annual changes since 2000)
R2 = 0.6155-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
MBS Annual % Chg
C&
I An
nu
al %
Ch
g
Source: Federal Reserve, JPMorgan
DE
MA
ND
18
With many bank positions underwater, it is unlikely that there will be large selling
M B S
(100)
(50)
0
50
100
150
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Cha
nges
in s
ecur
ities
hol
ding
s ($
bn)
(20)
(15)
(10)
(5)
0
5
10
15
20
Unr
ealiz
ed g
ains
/loss
es ($
bn)
Quarterly Changes in Security Holdings
Unrealized Gains/Losses
Banks did not sell amid losses in 2000…… While most bank sales have occurred amid
gains
DE
MA
ND
19
The GSEs
M B S
•Fannie Mae
•Freddie Mac
•Ginnie Mae
•FHLBs – the MPF and MPP programs
•GNMA pools are backed by FHA/VA loans which are government insured.
These pools have an explicit U.S. government guarantee and a zero risk-
capital weighting.
•FNMA and FHLMC pools are backed by conventional conforming loans, have an
implicit U.S. government guarantee, and a 20% risk-capital weighting. Single-
family loan limit is $359,650 in 2005.DD
EM
AN
20
Unique role of GSEs: issuer / investor
M B S
Mission is to facilitate secondary mortgage market in U.S. which provides
steady flow of low cost mortgage funds
Issue agency debt
Hold MBS, CMOs, and loans as well as ABS, CMBS, and mortgage-related spread
products
Large portfolios (FN + FH hold over $1.4 trillion loans and MBS) demand active
hedging via swap and swaption markets
DE
MA
ND
21
Agency portfolio growth has slowed
M B S
Retained Portfolio ($ billions)Retained Portfolio ($ billions)
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Apr-01 Oct-01 Apr-02 Oct-02 Apr-03 Oct-03 Apr-04 Oct-04 Apr-05 Oct-05 Apr-06
FNMA Portfolio FHLMC Portfolio
Source: FNMA, FHLMC, JPMorgan
DE
MA
ND
22
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 16323
MBS Terminology
M B S
Pools are comprised of mortgage loans with similar rates and terms
WAC – weighted average coupon of all loans in pool (vs Coupon)
WAM – weighted average maturity of loans in pool
WALA – weighted average loan age
Original face – original principal amount of pool
Current face – remaining principal balance of pool
Origination year – average origination year of loans in pool; age (WALA) is important in prepayment
assessment (“seasoning”)
CPR – Constant Prepayment Rate – annualized percentage of remaining principal prepaid
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
24
Mortgage cash-flow characteristics
M B S
FHLMC FNMA14th 24th
August 1st September 1st October 1st30 days in arrears 14 to 24 days processing
44 to 54 day delay
Homeowner's August payment due (in arrears)
After processing, security holders receive shares of
August payment
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
25
Mortgage cash-flow
M B S
Example: $500,000 purchase price; $400,000 loan amount; 6% mortgage rate; 30-year fixed-rate loan
Using “MP” function on BBG…
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
Source: Bloomberg
26
Mortgage cash-flows: without prepayments
M B S
Interest
Principal
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
Source: Bloomberg
27
Mortgage cash-flows: with prepayments
M B S
Interest
Pre-paid Principal
Principal
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
Source: Bloomberg
28
Prepayments: source of MBS optionality
M B S
Borrowers have the right to prepay at any time without penalty – in effect “calling” their loans away from investors; prepayments may be partial or complete
Valuing this call option and the cash flow uncertainty it creates is the key to understanding MBS
Timing and rate of prepayments vary and produce non-level, less-predictable cash flows
Prepayment (Call) Risk vs extension risk
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
29
Determinants of prepayments
M B S
Prepayments can be for economic / non-economic reasons
Interest rate incentive
Yield curve shape: refi down the curve
WALA: mobility increases over time
Seasonality: Summer months have the fastest speeds owing to school vacation
“Burnout”: Remaining borrowers in a pool may be credit constrained
Cash-out refinancing: Take built-up equity out of the home
Default: Shows as a prepayment in agency pools
MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
30
Prepayment standards
M B S
CPR – Constant Prepayment Rate – annualized percentage of remaining principal prepaid
PSA – prepayment vector expressed as a series of CPRs; begins at .2% in the first month, increases .2% per month, leveling out at 6.0% in month 30; prepayment assumptions for pricing stated as linear multiples of PSA schedule
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 10 20 30 40 50Age
CPR
(%)
200 PSA
100 PSA
31MO
RT
GA
GE
CA
SH
FL
OW
SA
ND
IN
TR
OT
OP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
M B SMBS Index
CMOs
ARMs
Case Studies
Relative Value Trading
TBA Market and Specified Pools
Prepayments Analysis and Reports
Valuation and OAS
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments
Demand
Market Overview and Origination 1
11
23
32
46
62
74
99
110
116
163JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
32
Many Different Types of Spreads
M B S
Basic: static yield spread over a single point on the curve
“I” : spread to Treasury
“N” : spread to swaps
Intermediate: zero volatility yield curve spread
“Z” : spread to Treasury curve
“E” : spread to Libor/swap curveLibor ZSpread on JPMorgan’s analytic reports.
Advanced
OAS : option-adjusted spread
LIBOR OAS
Treasury OAS
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
33
Yield analysis in the MBS market
M B S
Static Spread (Yield Spread): standard measure of incremental return over a single benchmark Treasury
Compares MBS to single point on the yield curve, usually to the interpolated point closest to the Weighted Average Life of the MBS
But MBS does not return principal in one lump sum but over many periods. A better assumption would include multiple data points on the yield curve. Z Spread takes this another step further.
Z Spread (Yield Curve Spread) : discounts each monthly MBS cashflow by the monthly forward rates derived from the current yield curve
More accurate for securities that return principal over many periods as opposed to bullets
Still a static measure since it assumes that interest rates and MBS cashflows remain constant
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
34
Evaluating pass-throughs: yield / average life
M B SVA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
Source: Bloomberg
35
Prepayments and OAS
M B S
Prepayment issues:
Reinvestment risk: When rates decline and speeds increase the investor has to reinvest an increased amount of principal at lower ratesWhen rates increase and speeds decline, the investor has less cashflow to reinvest at higher rates
Discount bonds: when rates decline, the benefit of earlier return of principal at par may mitigate reinvestment risk
Premium bonds: when rates increase, the benefit of a larger outstanding principal balance and longer average life means higher and more interest payments which may mitigate the reinvestment risk
OAS has been derived to account for the dispersion and uncertainty associated with this return of principal from MBS
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
36
OAS Calculation
M B S
To incorporate prepayment volatility in the valuation of MBS, we can calculate a theoretical price for a given OAS1. Hundreds of hypothetical interest rate paths are simulated2. On each interest rate path the prepayment model is used to predict prepayment speeds and thus,
MBS cashflows3. For each path, the present value of the projected cashflows are calculated using a specified spread,
s, which is added to the forward rates4. Value of MBS = Average value of PV(s) over all simulated interest rate paths
= AVGPV(s) where s is OAS
To find OAS given market price:1. Start with an initial estimate for OAS2. Calculate AGVPV(s) and keep adjusting until AVGPV(s) = market price
Drawback of OAS:1. The spread earned by the investor depends on the actual path realized and can be drastically
different from the OAS2. Wide differences in OASs are produced by different firms models due to different term structures,
volatility assumptions and prepayment projections3. Doesn’t account for dollar roll financing4. Is a “black box” – difficult for investors to decompose OAS into its component parts.
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
37
Pass-through risk measurement (duration)
M B S
Various measures of duration: % change in price for a 1% change in rates.
Modified duration is inappropriate for pass-throughs as it cannot accommodate varying cash flows.
OAD is found by calculating constant OAS prices for parallel curve shifts.
Empirical duration uses actual observations regressed against a Treasury benchmark. Directional/empiricals could be different against different parts of the yield curve.
None of these measures is perfect. We tend to use a combination of them all.
SV
AL
UA
TI
ON
AN
DO
A
38
Empirical durations
M B S
FN 6
y = -3.3453x + 0.0015R2 = 0.8266
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Yield Chg (%)
% P
x Ch
g
FN 5.5
y = -4.8009x + 0.0056R2 = 0.8927
-1.0-0.50.00.51.0
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Yield Chg (%)
% P
x Ch
g
FN 6 Empirical Durations (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)FN 6 Empirical Durations (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06) FN 5.5 Empirical Durations (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)FN 5.5 Empirical Durations (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)
Source: JPMorgan
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S Source: JPMorgan
39
Rates have little effect on OAS
M B S
FN 5.5 OAS vs rates (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)FN 5.5 OAS vs rates (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)
FN 5.5y = 6.455x - 0.0508
R2 = 0.0713
-4.0-2.00.02.04.0
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Yield Chg (%)
OAS
Chg
(bps
)
FN 6 OAS vs rates (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)FN 6 OAS vs rates (using 10-yr Tsy; Dec.05 – Jun. 06)
FN 6
y = -2.2723x - 0.0758R2 = 0.0079
-4.0-2.00.02.04.0
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Yield Chg (%)
OAS
Chg
(bps
)
Source: JPMorganSource: JPMorgan
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
40
Pass-through risk measurement (convexity)
M B S
Convexity: the rate at which the duration of a security changes as interest rates change.
– Positive convexity implies that for small, equal and opposite changes in interest rates, the increase in price if rates go down will be more than the decrease in price if rates rise.
– Negative convexity implies that the increase in price if rates go down will be smaller than the decrease in price if rates rise.
– Bullet Treasuries have positive convexity. Pass-throughs typically have negative convexity.
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
41
Negative convexity of mortgages
M B S
80
85
90
95
100
105
-300 -225 -150 -75 0 75 150 225 300Bps
FN 6
Px
($)
FN 6 prices ($) vs shift in rates (bps)FN 6 prices ($) vs shift in rates (bps)
Source: JPMorgan
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
42
Mortgages have embedded options – valuation needs to incorporate vol
M B S
Homeowners have the right to prepay at any time during the life of the mortgage
Consequently, an MBS investor is short many options to the homeowner:
Short LongShort 1m x 1y 1m x 10yLong 5m x 1y 5m x 10y
Underlying
Option
Term structure models are calibrated to the entire vol surface in swaptions
Higher vol should cause mortgages to cheapen
FN 30 Vega FN15 Vega
5.0 -0.21 4.5 -0.091
5.5 -0.26 5.0 -0.123
6.0 -0.27 5.5 -0.145
6.5 -0.23 6.0 -0.111
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
Source: JPMorgan
43
Mortgage efficiency of pricing in changes in implied vol has been increasing
M B S
Correlation of 1-week change in current coupon ZV spread and 3x7 swaption premium, rolling
six-month window
(0.6)
(0.4)
(0.2)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06Source: JPMorgan
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
44
Changes in mortgage market duration can impact the rates markets
M B S
The rate of extension of the mortgage market will slow in a sell-off
A sell-off could cause the curve to steepen
Change in 10-year equivalents for the mortgage market across the curve for a parallel +50 rate shock
Change in 10-year equivalents of the agency fixed rate market for various parallel shifts in rates
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Rate change (bp)
Cha
nge
in 1
0-yr
equ
ivs
($bn
)
-50
0
50
100
150
200
2 5 10 30Tenor10
-year
Equ
iv ($
bn)
VA
LU
AT
IO
NA
ND
OA
S
45
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163
46
A closer look at turnover
M B S
Existing Home Sales (EHS)
Strong Lock-in
Seasonality and Calendar Effect
Cumulative Home Appreciation (CHPA)
Overall Shorter Baseline Ramp:
Interaction between EHS, CHPA, Lock-in and Aging Ramp successfully captures periods of apparent shorter and longer ramps
In effect lower CHPA lengthens the ramp
Lock-in also lengthens the apparent ramp
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
47
Home price appreciation and discount speeds have been highly correlated…
M B S
87% correlation between discount speeds and the housing strength now
… in the weaker housing environment of 2000, there was no correlation.
Discount Speeds by State (Last 12 mo.) versus HPI in 2005
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Home Price Appreciation,%
1-ye
ar C
PR, %
CA
AZ
NYTX
MDVA
MA
OH
MIPA
FLNJ
Discount Speeds by State vs. HPI in 2000
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Home Price Appreciation, %
1-ye
ar C
PR, %
CA
NY
FL
AZ
MA
TX
VA
MD
WA
OH
PAMI
NJ
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Notes: Deep discount: 75bps or more out of the money; balance weighted average 12-month CPR observed in the past year
48
Seasoning ramps under different HPA assumptions
M B S
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111
WALA
Turn
over
Mul
tiplie
r
0pct hpa 1pct hpa 4pct hpa 8pct hpa
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan
49
Turnover (cont’d)
M B S
Lock-in (disincentive to move)
Captures the relationship between turnover and refinancing “disincentive”
Strong Lock-in. However, home price appreciation can strongly mitigatelock-in
Lock-in (long WAM)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
MtgRate/WAC
Mul
tiplie
r
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
50
Turnover (cont’d)
M B S
Seasonality: Patterns tend to be impacted by weather and school schedules
School schedules and weather conditions are the main reasons for seasonal behavior
There is also a separate “day count” adjustment to account for different collection days in each month
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
51
Economics of refinancing
M B S
• CATO (curve at origination) – borrowers who take out a 30-year mortgage in a steep curve
environment are likely to exhibit slow turnover
• SATO (spread at origination) – high mortgage rates relative to prevailing rates at origination
indicate credit impairment. These borrowers are less likely to refinance
• Loan size – with similar fixed costs for refinancing, borrowers with larger loan sizes are more
likely to refi
• Home price appreciation – higher HPA allows borrowers to “cash-out refi”, or may allow some
borrowers to “cure” and obtain a better mortgage rate with A lower LTV
• Mortgage banking capacity – in large refi waves mortgage bankers may become inundated
with supply, causing mortgage spreads to widen
RE
PO
RT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
S
52
The Refinancing Index
M B S
Seasonally-adjusted refinancing indexSeasonally-adjusted refinancing index
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Jun-00 Dec-00 Jun-01 Dec-01 Jun-02 Dec-02 Jun-03 Dec-03 Jun-04 Dec-04 Jun-05 Dec-05 Jun-06
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: MBAA
53
Burnout
M B S
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
10 30 50 70 90 110
130
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
410
430
450
470
490
Cumulative Incentive (bps)
Bur
nout
Mul
tiplie
r
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan
54
Primary differences between GNMA and conventional pools
M B S
Characteristic Conventional GNMA I GNMA II
Assumable No YesPass-through rate 25 to 250bps below loan rate 50bps below 50 to 150bps below loan rateGuarantee fee Negotiated (10 to 25bps) 6bps 6bpsServicing fee 25bps minimum 44bps 44bps minimumMortgage insurance LTVs worse than 80% Mandatory MandatoryExcess servicing Allowed Not allowed AllowedBuy-ups/-downs Allowed Not allowed 10% buy-down allowedDelay days 24 for FNMA, 14 for Golds 14 days 19 daysPrepayment reports Fifth business day Fifth business day Seventh business day
Revised GNMA II pooling guidelines came into effect July 1, 2003.
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan, FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA
55
GNMA prepayments
M B S
Refinancing into conventionals
Servicer buy-out
Higher delinquencies
Rolling 90-days delinquent with only one missing payment;
changed in 2003 to 90-days delinquent
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
SP
RE
PA
YM
EN
TS
A
56
GNMA delinquencies
M B S
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Dec-95 Dec-97 Dec-99 Dec-01 Dec-03 Dec-05
Tota
l Pas
t Due
(%)
Conventional (Prime) VA FHA
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan, MBA
57
Prepayment reports: speeds by origination year
M B S
Source: JPMorgan
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
58
Prepayment reports: speeds by WALA
M B S
Source: JPMorgan
PR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
59
Prepayment reports: speeds by servicer
M B SPR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan
60
Prepayment expectations
M B SPR
EP
AY
ME
NT
SA
NA
LY
SI
SA
ND
RE
PO
RT
S
Source: JPMorgan
61
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163
62
TBA pass-through market
M B S
TBA = “To Be Announced”. Essentially, a cheapest-to-deliver market (like a futures contract). Most liquid market.
As with other delayed delivery transactions, a seller agrees to issue a TBA security at a future date. However, in a TBA trade, the seller and the buyer do not identify the specific underlying mortgage pools, simply certain pre-specified terms
TBAs are identified by agency, term, coupon, settle month, and traded on a dollar-price basis
“Cheapest-to-deliver” gives the seller a delivery option that the buyer is short
Standardized delivery dates (see Bloomberg TDAT).
Settles once a month like a futures contract
Delivering pools: seller must provide pool information by 3 p.m. 2 business days prior to
settlement (48-hour day).
Variance: the amount by which the face value at delivery can vary from the amount
specified at the time of the trade, expressed as a percentage of the initial face value
requested. The Bond Market Association suggests 0% variance on all TBA tradesET
AN
DS
PE
CI
FI
ED
PO
OL
ST
BA
MA
RK
63
Bloomberg Generic TBA Tickers
M B STB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
64
Dollar rolls
M B S
Dollar rolls are transactions where an institution sells mortgage
backed securities with a commitment to buy similar, but not identical,
mortgage backed securities on a future date at a lower price.
In the case of mortgage pass-throughs, “similar” securities refers to
securities with the same coupon, security type, and mortgage
collateral.
Dollar rolls offer an attractive means of borrowing at a low cost
primarily because they allow dealers to cover their short positions.
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
Dollar rolls offer dealers a convenient way to obtain promised
mortgage securities, avoiding the higher costs of failing to deliver.
AR
KE
TA
ND
OO
LS
TB
AM
65
TBA transactions: evaluating dollar rolls
M B S
Drop
Coupon
Prepayments
Delivery optionality
Re-investment rateSP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
TB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
66
TBA transactions: evaluating dollar rolls
M B STB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Source: Bloomberg
67
Roll Specialness
M B S
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06
Curr
ent
Coup
on r
oll s
peci
alne
ss (
tks) 30-yr CC
15-yr CC
TB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Source: JPMorgan
68
Price spreads influence coupon production
M B S
TBA 6.0% TBA 6.5%Mortgage note rate (a) 6.88 6.88Less agency guaranty fee (b) 0.15 0.15Retained servicing spread (c) 0.25 0.25Remaining note rate (a-b-c) 6.48 6.48Excess servicing (a-b-c-e) 0.48 0.00Buydown of Guaranty Fee (%) 0.00 0.03Cost to buydown guaranty fee (d) 0.00 0.12Desired MBS coupon (e) 6.00 6.50Market price of MBS (f) 98.05 100.13Adjustment to TBA price for low WAC (g) 0.00 0.03Price adjusted for cost of buydown (f+g-d) 98.05 100.04Value of excess servicing (h) 2.09 0.00Price adjusted for servicing value (f+g+h) 100.14 100.04
TB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Note: Prices are for illustration purposes only
Source: JPMorgan
69
The many dimensions of specified pools
M B S
WALA
FICO
Low WAC
Low loan balance (LLB)
Geographic
Prepayment penalty
Relocation
Originator
OO
LS
High LTVPT
BA
MA
RK
ET
AN
DS
PE
CI
FI
ED
70
Specified pools make up roughly 80% of the mortgage market
M B S
Spec pool market compositionSpec pool market composition
New TBA
20%
Seasoned
(>30 WALA)
49%
New
Specified
4%
Moderate
(13-30
WALA)
27%
Source: JPMorgan
TB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Total = $2.814 trillion
Data is as of May 2006
71
New issue specified pools report
M B STB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Source: JPMorgan
72
Seasoned specified pools report
M B STB
AM
AR
KE
TA
ND
SP
EC
IF
IE
DP
OO
LS
Source: JPMorgan
73
M B S
Case Studies
Relative Value Trading
TBA Market and Specified Pools
Prepayments Analysis and Reports
Valuation and OAS
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments
Demand
Market Overview and Origination 1
11
23
32
46
62
74
99
ER
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
M
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 16374
Relative value strategies and analysis
M B S
Trading StrategiesTrading Strategies Evaluation ApproachesEvaluation Approaches
Mortgage - Swap basis
Mortgage - Tsy basis
Coupon swap
15s / 30s
Ginnie / Fannie
TBA / Seasoned
Agency / Non-agency
Pass-through / ARM
CMO / Collateral
OAS
Spread
Hedge-Adj Carry
Regressions
Deliverable
Sponsorship
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
75
Where to find JPMorgan MBS data
M B S
Factor Where to find itSupply Net supply MRV charts, Dataquery
Gross supply MRV charts, Daily Packet, DataqueryDemand Banks Federal Reserve Website
JPM quarterly bank report
Agencies Fannie, Freddie website
Dealers Bloomberg (PDPPMORT <index>)
Non-US investors TIC dataPrepayments by WALA, servicer, etc. JPM Monthly Prepay Appendix
MorganMarkets.comOAS TBAs Current
Specifieds, strips, hybrids, etc Daily packetCoupon swap history Daily packetHedge adjusted carry Daily packet (soon)Volatility swaption premiums, bp vol Daily packet, DataqueryRegression Historical OAS by relative coupon JPM trading bloomberg
Coupon swaps, butterflies MBS AnalyzerMBS Index/performance Performance by coupon vs swaps and Treasuries Index Monitor
DataqueryDaily packet TBA Performance ReportDataquery
Other Analytics/historical data Daily packetMBS Analyzer
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
76
Mortgages have widened back to the widest levels since the beginning of the year – but are they fundamentally cheap?
M B S
30-year current coupon OAS (bps)
(30)
(20)
(10)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
77
Declining long-dated vol has caused nominal spreads and OAS to diverge
M B S
OAS vs. CC ZV spread (bps)
(20)
(15)
(10)
(5)
0
Dec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06
50
60
70
80
OAS ZV spreadCurrent coupon OAS has been relatively stable, while nominal spreads have continued to tighten recently …
3YX10Y swaption premium (bps)… Declining long-dated vol has been the driver
Source: JPMorgan
375
385
395
405
415
425
435
445
455
465
475
Dec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06
3Yx1
0Y S
wap
tion
Pre
miu
m (
bps)
78
GR
EL
AT
IV
EV
AL
UE
TR
AD
IN
Mortgage / Swap basis
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
79
30- and 15-year current coupon OAS
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
80
MBS Fixed-Rate Daily Analytics
M B S
COB June 9, 2006
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
81
Hedge-adjusted carry
M B S
We introduce a hedge-adjusted carry methodology which provides a short-
term (1- to 2-month) measure of performance using rather
straightforward calculations
Option-adjusted spreads serve as a long-term spread measure and assume
vega hedging, among other risk measures
It serves as a good complement to OAS valuations, capturing the return
for taking duration and convexity risks
Essentially, hedge-adjusted carry gives us the net carry of holding a TBA
after hedging for duration and adjusting for convexity hedging costs
Higher carry could suggest overweighting certain coupons. However, this
valuation ignores other risks like vega and mortgage Libor spread
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
82
Hedge-adjusted carry components
M B S
The valuation incorporates factors such as the roll, hedge ratios, durations,
convexities. Specifically, the main components of the analysis are:
Swap Hedge Ratios (using partial durations).
Duration Hedged Carry
Total Negative Convexity
Convexity Hedging Cost
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
83
Hedge-adjusted carry components
M B S
We hedge three partial durations on the swap curve (2-yr, 5-yr and 10-yr) with the cost being the carry and rolldown on each of the swaps
To figure out the duration adjusted carry we simply calculate:
Duration Hedged Carry= TBA roll – ∑(cost of swap hedge)
Cost of swap hedge = hedge ratio * swap carry
In calculating total convexity cost, we incorporate swap convexity since we are long MBS and short swaps (which are positively convex)
Total Convexity = MBS convexity – swap convexity
We can estimate the convexity cost using short-dated swaption implied vols (1-month x 10-year swaptions)
TBA Passthroughs - 30 Year ConventionalsRoll
(32nds)Dur Hedged
CarrySec Price .. (32nds)FN 30 4.5 91-00 1.25 .. 0.1FN 30 5.0 93-29 1.87 .. 0.8FN 30 5.5 96-12 2.25 .. 1.2FN 30 6.0 98-25+ 3.00 .. 2.1FN 30 6.5 100-29 3.25 .. 2.6FN 30 7.0 102-14+ 2.00 .. 1.5
TBA Passthroughs - 30 Year ConventionalsRoll
(32nds)Dur Hedged
CarryCnv. Hedging
CostHedge Adj.
CarrySec Price .. (32nds) (32nds) (32nds)FN 30 4.5 91-00 1.25 .. 0.1 -0.7 -0.6FN 30 5.0 93-29 1.87 .. 0.8 -1.1 -0.4FN 30 5.5 96-12 2.25 .. 1.2 -1.6 -0.4FN 30 6.0 98-25+ 3.00 .. 2.1 -1.9 0.3FN 30 6.5 100-29 3.25 .. 2.6 -2.1 0.4FN 30 7.0 102-14+ 2.00 .. 1.5 -2.1 -0.6
( ) 3222122
21 ∗∧⎥
⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡∧∗⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛∗ days
daybpC
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
RE
LA
TI
VE
Source: JPMorgan (as of June 1, 2006)
84
Hedge Adjusted Carry Report
M B S
New York J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.Jun 05, 2006 MBS Research
(1-212) 834-3121MBS Research morganmarkets.jpmorgan.com
MBS Hedge Adjusted Carry
TBA Passthroughs - 30 Year Conventionals Settle Dates Spot = [Jun-13-2006], 1M = [Jul-13-2006], 2M = [Aug-14-2006]
TotalSec Price 1m 2m OAD OAS 2Y 5Y 10Y 1m 2m Cnvx 1m 2m 1m 2mFN 30 4.5 91-21 1.25 2.25 6.0 -5 0.21 0.32 0.49 0.3 0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -1.6 -0.4 -1.0FN 30 5.0 94-16+ 1.87 3.37 5.5 -6 0.28 0.33 0.42 1.0 1.8 -1.9 -1.2 -2.5 -0.2 -0.6FN 30 5.5 96-29+ 2.12 4.12 4.8 -7 0.37 0.32 0.34 1.3 2.7 -2.4 -1.6 -3.2 -0.3 -0.5FN 30 6.0 99-07+ 3.00 6.00 3.8 -9 0.49 0.25 0.23 2.4 4.9 -2.8 -1.8 -3.7 0.6 1.2FN 30 6.5 101-05+ 3.25 6.50 2.9 -1 0.51 0.20 0.15 2.7 5.7 -3.2 -2.0 -4.2 0.7 1.5FN 30 7.0 102-19 2.00 4.00 1.9 0 0.51 0.11 0.07 1.7 3.5 -2.9 -1.9 -3.9 -0.2 -0.4
TBA Passthroughs - GNMA I 30 Years Settle Dates Spot = [Jun-19-2006], 1M = [Jul-18-2006], 2M = [Aug-17-2006]
TotalSec Price 1m 2m OAD OAS 2Y 5Y 10Y 1m 2m Cnvx 1m 2m 1m 2mGN 30 4.5 92-29 2.00 4.00 5.4 -6 0.24 0.30 0.42 1.2 2.6 -1.2 -0.7 -1.5 0.5 1.1GN 30 5.0 95-26+ 2.00 4.00 5.2 -23 0.29 0.32 0.40 1.2 2.6 -1.8 -1.1 -2.3 0.1 0.3GN 30 5.5 97-31 2.50 5.00 4.8 -20 0.37 0.32 0.34 1.8 3.8 -2.4 -1.5 -3.1 0.3 0.7GN 30 6.0 100-06+ 2.50 5.00 3.7 -20 0.47 0.26 0.22 1.9 4.0 -2.9 -1.8 -3.7 0.2 0.3GN 30 6.5 102-03 3.00 6.00 2.3 -21 0.50 0.17 0.09 2.7 5.5 -2.7 -1.7 -3.5 1.0 2.0GN 30 7.0 103-14 0.00 0.00 1.4 -31 0.52 0.09 0.01 -0.2 -0.3 -2.3 -1.4 -3.0 -1.6 -3.2
TBA Passthroughs - 15 Year Conventionals Settle Dates Spot = [Jun-21-2006], 1M = [Jul-20-2006], 2M = [Aug-21-2006]
TotalSec Price 1m 2m OAD OAS 2Y 5Y 10Y 1m 2m Cnvx 1m 2m 1m 2mFN 15 4.0 93-00 0.50 1.00 4.3 -1 0.30 0.35 0.25 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3FN 15 4.5 95-06+ 0.75 1.25 4.3 -15 0.34 0.35 0.25 0.1 0.2 -1.3 -0.8 -1.7 -0.7 -1.5FN 15 5.0 97-01 1.75 3.75 4.0 -15 0.40 0.33 0.22 1.1 2.7 -1.7 -1.1 -2.2 0.1 0.5FN 15 5.5 98-28+ 2.00 4.00 3.4 -14 0.48 0.28 0.17 1.5 3.1 -2.1 -1.3 -2.8 0.2 0.4FN 15 6.0 100-26 3.50 6.50 3.0 -8 0.48 0.23 0.14 3.0 5.8 -2.1 -1.3 -2.7 1.7 3.0FN 15 6.5 101-28 2.00 4.00 2.2 5 0.51 0.18 0.06 1.7 3.5 -1.8 -1.1 -2.3 0.6 1.2
Rolldown and Carry of Swaps between settlesSwap 1m 2m Dur2Y 0.29 0.36 1.895Y 0.82 1.46 4.3810Y 1.25 2.32 7.68
Hedge Adj. Carry(32nds)
Roll(32nds) Hedge Ratio / Swap
Dur Hedged Carry(32nds)
Cnv. Hedging Cost(32nds)
Hedge Adj. Carry(32nds)
Roll(32nds) Hedge Ratio / Swap
Dur Hedged Carry(32nds)
Cnv. Hedging Cost(32nds)
Hedge Adj. Carry(32nds)
Roll(32nds) Hedge Ratio / Swap
Dur Hedged Carry(32nds)
Cnv. Hedging Cost(32nds)
RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
85
Performance vs. swaps and Treasuries
M B SCOB June 9, 2006 86RE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
MBS Issuance Report
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
87
MBS coupon price spread
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
88
MBS butterfly price spread
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
89
Mortgage/swap basis vs Index
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
90
Mortgage/Agency basis vs Index
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
91
Longer-dated Vol vs Index
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
92
Shorter-dated Vol vs Index
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
93
30-year relative coupon OAS
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
94
30-year relative coupon swaps
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
95
15-year relative coupon OAS
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
96
15-year relative coupon swaps
M B SRE
LA
TI
VE
VA
LU
ET
RA
DI
NG
Source: JPMorgan
97
M B S
Trust IO analyticsR
EL
AT
IV
EV
AL
UE
TR
AD
IN
G
98
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 16399
Case Study #1: FNMA 6.5s – The Deliverable
M B S
Aggregate 1-month speeds on TBA 6.5s (3-17 WALA) for different delivery size (based on Apr prepayments)
2030405060708090
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000Balance, $mil
1mo
CPR,
%
Distribution of 1-mo speeds on 3-17 WALA FNMA 6.5s, (April 2006)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
60+ 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10CPR Range
Bala
nce,
$m
il
•There are still a lot of fast pools available in TBA 6.5s
Over $400mm TBA 6.5 pools prepaid above
60CPR
The relationship between delivery size and paydown cost is non-linear; smaller trades
are far more exposed to adverse selection
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
100
Case Study #1: FNMA 6.5s – Issuance and supply
M B S
•FN 6.5 supply should be robust
FN 6.5Issuance Projection ($bn)
Apr-06 3.8 May-06 5.1 Jun-06 6.7 Jul-06 8.9
FNMA 30-year relative coupon issuance Issuance by coupon as a % of total FNMA 30
year issuance
(10)%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
% o
f FN
30
Issu
ance
(1.00) (0.50) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00Relative coupon
R2 = 0.8793R2 = 0.8045
(1,000)
2,000
5,000
8,000
11,000
14,000
17,000
(1.00) (0.50) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
Relative Coupon
FN 3
0-yr
Issu
ance
($M
M)
Source: JPMorgan, FNMANote: Since September 2005
Source: JPMorgan, FNMANote: Monthly issuance of FN 5s through 6.5s plotted as relative
coupons vs CC, since September 2005
F N 6 .5Issu a n ce P r o je c tio n ( $ b n )
A p r - 0 6 3 .8 M a y - 0 6 5 .1 Ju n - 0 6 6 .7 Ju l- 0 6 8 .9
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
101
Case Study #1: FNMA 6.5s – Fundamentals
M B S
(14)
(12)
(10)
(8)
(6)
(4)
(2)
00 4 8 12 16 20
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
OAS SATO
Short WALA 6.5s have tight OAS and low SATOOAS (left axis, bps) and SATO (right axis, bps) on FN 6.5s by WALA (in months)
•FNMA 6.5s: New
issue pools have
worse loan
characteristics than
more seasoned
pools
Source: JPMorgan, FNMA
FNMA 6.5s are fair fundamentallyLIBOR static spread of FNMA 6.5s by CPR, in bp
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
CPR10 20 30 40 50
101—01 73 60 44 25 2
102
Case Study #2: DW 4.5s – Regressions
M B S
Rich / cheap of the Dwarf 5 / 4.5 swapThe Dwarf 5 / 4.5 is cheap historically
Residual of Dwarf 5 / 4.5 swap vs 15-year current coupon yield, in ticks
Jun06-8
-2-4-6
02468
10
Feb06 Apr06
Dwarf 5/4.5 swap (y-axis, in ticks) versus 15-year CC yield (x-axis, %)
60
50
45
65
70
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
55
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
103
Case Study #2: DW 4.5s – Fundamentals
M B S
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23WALA (mos)
1-m
o C
PR
(%)
02468101214161820
Cum
ulat
ive
Bala
nce
($ B
)1mo CPR
Cum bal
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23WALA (mos)
1-m
o C
PR
(%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Cum
ulat
ive
Bal
ance
($ B
)1-mo CPR
Cum Bal
Dwarf 5s are fundamentally cheaper than Dwarf 4.5s.LIBOR static spread on Dwarf 4.5s and 5s by CPR
Price 6 CPR 7 CPR 8 CPR 9 CPR 10 CPRDwarf 4.5s 95-08 -7 -3 1 6 10Dwarf 5s 96-31 6 9 11 14 17
LIBOR Static Spread (bp)
Outstanding balance and 1-month CPR
of Dwarf 4.5s by WALA
Outstanding balance and 1-month CPR
of Dwarf 5s by WALA
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
104
Case Study #3 (Seasoned pricing): Lower the dollar price, higher the price spread between seasoned and new WALA pools
M B S
Payups by WALA vs. TBA Price
WALA
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Pay
up, 3
2nd
$96 $97 $98
Pricing assumptions:1. 24-month aging ramp2. Peak speed of 9% CPR for $96 TBA3. Peak speed of 10% CPR for $97 TBA4. Peak speed of 11% CPR for $98 TBA
ST
UD
IE
SC
AS
E
105
Case Study #3 (Seasoned pricing): Peak speeds versus the length of the ramp
M B S
Payups by WALA vs. peak speed ($97 TBA, 24-mo ramp)The peak speed plays an
insignificant role when pricing seasoned pools
(Payup versus TBA assuming constant LIBOR static spread)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35WALA
Payu
p, 3
2nd
10CPR 11CPR9CPR
Payups by WALA vs. aging ramp ($97 TBA price)
02468
101214
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35WALA
Payu
p, 3
2nd
34mo ramp 24mo ramp 14mo ramp
However, the length of seasoning ramp is crucial
A longer seasoning ramp leads to higher payups for seasoning
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
106
Case Study #3: Aging ramp on moderate discount collateral
M B S
Moderate discounts have two peaks: 14 months and 24 months
The 24 months peak is driven by
Tax-advantaged capital gains treatment of two-year old primary residences
Cash-out refinancing has been front-loaded
Aging curve: moderate discount, -25 to -75bps incentive
0
4
8
12
16
1mo
CP
R, %
Age0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
2000~20012005~2006
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
Note: Average prepayment aging curves observed from 2000 to 2001 and from 2005 to March 2006
107
Case Study #3: Specified Pools WALA- Actual versus theoretical payup
M B S
Seasoned payups suggest that the market is priced to a 24 months ramp
Potential lengthening of the aging ramp should translate to higher payups for seasoned discounts
Relative value advantage in the’04 discounts versus the ’03s
FNMA 5: Actual vs. theoretical FNMA 5.5: Actual vs. theoretical
02468
1012141618
5 10 15 20 25 30 35WALA
Payu
p, 3
2nd
’05–’06 ramp (24-mo.) ’00–’01 ramp (34-mo.)
02468
10121416
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35WALA
Payu
p, 3
2nd
24-mo. ramp 14-mo. ramp34-mo. ramp
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
Note: As of: 5/3/2006; FNMA 5s are priced to 9% CPR terminal speed; FNMA 5.5s are priced to 10% CPR terminal speed
108
Case Study #4: Specified Pools LLB – Call/extension protection
M B S
The trend points to faster LLB discount speeds similar to 1999-2000Prepayment S-Curve differences (LLB (<$100k) minus generics ($>150k)), in 1999-2000, 2004, 2005 and since fall 2005: 1mo CPR vs. Rate Incentive,bps.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
-125 -100 -75 -50 -25
Incentive, bps
1moCPR1999~2000 20042005 2005 Oct~2006 Apr
Low loan balance discounts are priced at a small fraction of their combined call and extension value.
Payups and model valuations of MLB ($110k max) pools
TBA MarketCall
Protection 10% Faster Turnover 20% Faster TurnoverCoupon Price Payup Payup Ext. Protection Total Ext. Protection Total
FNCL 5 94-05 0.5 2 9 11 17 19FNCL 5.5 96-22+ 1.5 3 6 9 11 14FNCL 6 99-05 4 7 4 11 7 14
CA
SE
ST
UD
IE
S
109
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163110
ARM share has remained close to half of total applications
M B S
ARM share of total applications by $ volume (%)ARM share of total applications by $ volume (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jun-97 Jun-98 Jun-99 Jun-00 Jun-01 Jun-02 Jun-03 Jun-04 Jun-05 Jun-06
ARM
Sha
re o
f Ap
ps b
y $
Volu
me
(%)
Source: MBA
AR
MS
111
Hybrids contributed to most of the growth of the non-agency market
M B S
Year-end outstandings ($ billions)Year-end outstandings ($ billions)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
200620052004200320022001200019991998
Jumbo Fixed Jumbo ARM Alt-A Fixed Alt-A ARM
Source: JPMorgan, Loan Performance. 2006 data as of April.
AR
MS
112
Hybrid ARM Structure and Valuation
M B S
ExampleExampleStructureStructure
Typically 30-year terms
Fixed Rate Cash-Flows3, 5, 7,10 Year Fixed-Rate
Hybrid ARM TailsLibor/CMT Floaters
Resets subject to Caps (initial/periodic/life)
2/2/6
5/2/5
5/1 Hybrid ARM borrower with an initial coupon rate of 4.5% and a 5/2/5 cap structure pays 4.5% for 5 years
The highest the borrower’s rate can reset after the 5 year fixed rate period ends is (4.5%+5%), or 9.5%
The on-going periodic cap restricts the borrower from resetting up more than 2% at each yearly reset
The life cap also protects the borrower by ensuring that the coupon cannot reset above 9.5% for the life of the loan
AR
MS
113
Hybrid ARM Key Terminology
M B S
Rate caps (initial, periodic, and lifetime) offer protection from large interest rate movements by providing a cap and a floor, limiting the amount the resetting contract rate can increase or decrease on each adjustment date
The initial adjustment cap provides a cap and floor on the interest rate at the first adjustment date
Periodic adjustment caps restrict upward and downward movements at each subsequent reset date
Lifetime caps dictate the maximum interest rate of the mortgage loan at any given time
MTR (months to reset) is defined as the number of months until the Hybrid ARM resets off its specified Index. In other words, the number of months until the fixed rate portion of the bond ends
Once a Hybrid ARM loan reaches reset, the borrower’s new coupon is determined off a specified index
The most popular indices are LIBOR and CMT
The gross margin is the spread added to the Index that determines the mortgage holder’s new rate
The net margin is what is passed on to the investor. The net margin is the spread added to the Index that determines the coupon the investor receives. Typically, unless otherwise specified, LIBOR-indexed ARMs have approximately 175bps net margin, while CMT-indexed bonds have approximately 225bps margin
AR
MS
114
How are Non-Agency MBS Valued and Traded
M B S
Non Agency MBS do not trade ‘in the screens’ thus valuation and pricing levels reflect this uncertainty
Trading is Negotiated around structure, settlement and collateral composition
Relative Value and performance analytics help drive trading levels
Pricing Conventions
N-A Fixed Rates; Pass throughs relative to agency pass throughs
N-A ARMs : Swaps, Treasuries
Prepayment Analytics
OAS Methodology : Prepayment Modeling
Credit Analytics
Liquidity Premiums
AR
MS
115
M B S
MBS Index
CMOs
ARMs
Case Studies
Relative Value Trading
TBA Market and Specified Pools
Prepayments Analysis and Reports
Valuation and OAS
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments
Demand
Market Overview and Origination 1
11
23
32
46
62
74
99
110
116
163
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
116
FNMA Current Coupon Yield vs. UST 10 Year Yield
M B S
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
6/2/2003 12/1/2003 5/31/2004 11/29/2004 5/30/2005 11/28/2005 5/29/2006
Yiel
d
Current Coupon 10 yr
CM
OS
117
Why Agency CMOs?
M B S
To broaden the investor base by customizing cash flows for investor needs while providing key advantages over other instruments:
Excess Returns
Greater Liquidity
Virtually Zero Credit Risk
Can address the following specific needs of investors:
Enhanced Yields/Spreads
Targeted Average Life Profiles
Targeted Duration Profiles
Customize the risk/reward profiles for investor’s views on:interest ratesyield curve shapeprepaymentsvolatility
CM
OS
118
CMOs as % of the Fixed Rate MBS Market
M B S
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05
CMO
Issu
ance
($
Billi
ons)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% o
f Fi
xed-
Rate
Pas
s-Th
roug
h Is
suan
ce
CMO Issuance % of Pass-Through
CM
OS
119
CMO Principal Types
M B S
SEQ – Sequential
PAC – Planned Amortization Class
TAC – Targeted Amortization Class
AD or VADM- Accretion-Directed/Very Accurately Defined Maturity
FFIEC Bonds
SUP - Support or Companion
Z - Accrual bond
CM
OS
120
SEQs - Sequentials
M B S
Collateral principal payments are reallocated sequentially into a series of short, intermediate and long maturity bonds
Sensitive to prepayments:
Prepayments faster than expected: SEQs shorten
Prepayments slower than expected: SEQs extend
The shorter average life sequentials (that pay before the longer SEQs within the structure) provide prepayment protection for the longer average life SEQs
Shorter principal window than collateral
CM
OS
121
SEQ Yield Tables
M B S
Front SEQ
Last Cashflow (LCF) SEQ
CM
OS
122
PACs - Planned Amortization Class
M B S
Principal repaid according to a schedule within a specified range of prepayment assumptions called PAC bands
Principal schedule provides protection from average life volatility and reinvestment risk associated with prepayments
Principal schedules are maintained by redirecting cashflow uncertainty to Support bonds
Average Life is less volatile with speeds outside the bands because the supports continue to provide stability
Corporate bond and agency bond surrogate
CM
OS
123
PAC Yield Tables and Cashflow Graph
M B S
Yield table
Cashflow Graph
CM
OS
124
TACs - Targeted Amortization Class
M B S
Structured to pay principal according to a schedule determined by one constant prepayment speed - a “one sided” PAC
No protection against extension: TACs only have call protection because a TAC provides protection against faster but not slower prepayments
Prepayments faster than TAC speed: Excess principal to supports
Prepayments slower than TAC speed: TAC and Support extend
Offer higher yield than PACs based on increased extension risk
More call protection than a SEQ
Yield Table
CM
OS
125
AD/VADMs - Accretion Directed / Very Accurately Defined Maturity
M B S
All cashflows are derived from the interest accretions of the Z bond
VADM tranches must mature prior to the start of the amortization on their corresponding Z because when the Z becomes current pay the Z accretion is no longer available to amortize the VADMs
Very stable bond since cashflow is from interest accretion which is NOT affected by prepayments
VADMs do not extend even under a zero prepayment scenario
No whipsaw risk
Pay up for the extension protection results in lower yields and better convexity
CM
OS
126
VADM Yield Table and Cashflow Graph
M B S
VADM yield table in SEQ Z structure
WAL Graph
CM
OS
127
FFIEC Bonds
M B S
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) derived guidelines to determine if MBS investments are suitable for US depository institutions
Bonds that meet these guidelines have a wider audience, are more liquid, and trade at tighter spreads than comparable non-FFIEC average life bonds
FFIEC test:
Test 1) WAL must be less than 10 years
Test 2) +300 shift less than 4 years extension
-300 shift less than 6 years contraction
Test 3) +300 shift less than 17% price change
-300 shift less than 17% price change
CM
OS
128
SUPs - Supports or Companions
M B S
Supports are cashflow shock absorbers for PACs
Faster prepayments - excess cash flow paid to supports providing call protection for PACs
Slower prepayments - any shortfall in cash flow is absorbed by supports which may not receive principal until PAC schedule is met, providing extension protection for PACs
High average life and cashflow volatility
Higher yields compensate for volatility
CM
OS
129
Support Yield Table and Weighted Average Life
M B S
Sequentially Tranched Support
Weighted Average Life Graph
CM
OS
130
Z bonds - Accrual Bonds
M B S
No interest until principal payment window starts
Interest due is added to outstanding principal of the bond = Z accretion
Z accretion accelerates the maturity of shorter tranches or more accurately defines the maturity of others (VADMs)
Receive principal payments and interest once other bonds are retired
Addition of Z bond to a structure can improve the convexity of the other bonds by reducing extension risk
CM
OS
131
Sequential Z Bond Yield Table & Cash Flow Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Cash Flow Graph
CM
OS
132
Support Z Bond Yield Table & Cash Flow Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Cash Flow Graph
CM
OS
133
Rocket Z Yield Table & Cash Flow Graph
M B S
Type of support Z that has a possibility of paying off very fast (“rocket”).
Yield Table
Weighted Average
Life Graph
CM
OS
134
CMO Interest Types
M B S
Floater
Inverse Floater
IO - Interest Only (Trust and Structured)
PO - Principal Only (Trust and Structured)
Inverse IO
CM
OS
135
Floaters
M B S
Coupons reset periodically, usually monthly, at a rate of an index, usually 1mLibor, plus a spread, know as the margin
Created with an inverse or inverse IO such that the weighted-average coupon of the pair is always equal to the underlying fixed-rate bond
Shorter and less negatively convex than underlying fixed rate
Offers protection against interest rate risk up to the cap
The cap adds some duration and negative convexity. Without a cap the duration would be negligible and convexity neutral
Shorter durations= less price volatility than fixed-rate CMOs unless rates rise and the coupon reaches its cap
CM
OS
136
Floater Yield Table & Coupon Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
137
Support Floater Yield Table & Coupon Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
138
Inverse Floaters
M B S
Pays down simultaneously with their corresponding floater
Coupon falls when the index rate rises and are typically levered positions in the underlying fixed rate cash flow
High yields frequently compensate for the increased risks
Floored inverses: a “baby” inverse floater - coupon moves inversely but can never drop below a designated fixed coupon
Provide a way to leverage MBS if you are bullish on the MBS sector
Provide a way to leverage views in one package if you disagree with
forward rate curve
FED expectations
prepayment forecasts
volatility views
CM
OS
139
Inverse Yield Table & Coupon Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
140
Floored Inverse Yield Table & Coupon Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
141
IO - Interest Only
M B S
Receive only interest cash flow from the notional amount of the underlying bond
Since IOs do not pay principal, cashflows exist only if principal remains outstanding
The amount of cash flows received is highly dependent upon the amortization and prepayments of the underlying class
Benefit from slowing prepaymentsFaster prepayments reduce the notional balance more rapidly leading to smaller interest payments
Bearish security that usually have negative durations
Interest stripped from designated pools of collateral are known as STRIPS and are traded in liquid broker markets
Interest stripped from CMOs are known as Structured IO and can be customized for investor needs on:lockout
PAC bands
underlying collateral STIPs
CM
OS
142
IO Yield Tables
M B S
Structured PAC IO
Trust IO
CM
OS
143
PO - Principal Only
M B S
Stream of principal payments purchased at a discount
Hedge for prepayment risk since POs benefit from faster prepayments:Principal is returned at par at a faster rate
Lower discount rates boost the price
The amount of cash flows received is highly dependent upon the amortization and prepayments of the underlying class
Bullish security with large, positive duration and positive convexity
Super PO’s provide a more levered prepay bet
Principal stripped from designated pools of collateral are known as STRIPS and are traded in liquid broker markets
Principal stripped from CMOs are known as Structured PO and can be customized for investor needs on:lockout
PAC bands
underlying collateral STIPs
CM
OS
144
PO Yield Tables
M B S
Structured SUP PO
Trust PO
CM
OS
145
IO/PO Reports
M B S
Trust IO/PO reports from JPMorgan provide daily price data:
CM
OS
146
Inverse IO
M B S
Pays down simultaneously with their corresponding floater like an inverse except the Inverse IO does not pay principal
Coupon falls when the index rate rises and are typically levered positions in the underlying fixed rate cash flow
Faster prepayments reduce the notional balance more rapidly leading to smaller interest payments
Provide a way to leverage views in one package if you disagree with
forward rate curve
FED expectations
prepayment forecasts
volatility views
CM
OS
147
Inverse IO Yield Table and Coupon Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
148
Recent Innovations in CMO Market
M B S
AS/NAS – Accelerated Security/Non-accelerated Security
TTIB – Two Tiered Index Bonds
Super-Floater
Customized Floater: FHR 3069 CF
RELO – Relocation collateral deals
Pre-pay Linked Notes/Interest Accrual Notes (IANs)
Freddie Mac Reference Notes
CM
OS
149
AS and NAS - Accelerated and Non-Accelerated Securities
M B S
AS security receives principal payments more quickly than its respective collateral.
NAS Security receives principal more slowly than its respective collateral
NAS + AS = SEQ
The AS bond receives the “accelerated” principal payments that would have otherwise been allocated to the NAS bonds
The NAS bond is locked out until the AS bond is paid off; then the NAS begins receiving its pro-rata principal payments
NAS is better than a PAC = no whipsaw risk
CM
OS
150
AS and NAS Yield Tables
M B S
AS
note the average life of 5.30 at 0 PSA
NAS
CM
OS
151
TTIB - Two Tiered Index Bond
M B S
A type of inverse floater that pays a fixed rate as long as 1m Libor stays below a certain threshold
Once 1m Libor crosses the threshold the coupon declines on a levered basis within a corridor of rates until it reaches 0%
Essentially shorting an option that 1m Libor will not increase beyond a certain threshold
Compensating for shorting the option by getting a higher coupon.
Historical 1m Libor graph
Digital TTIBs: Once 1m Libor crosses the threshold the coupon declines immediately to 0%
Floored TTIB: Once 1m Libor crosses the threshold the coupon declines immediately to a fixed rate floor
CM
OS
152
TTIB Yield Tables and Coupon GraphsDigital TTIB yield table Digital TTIB coupon graph
M B S
1 bp Corridor TTIB yield table1 bp Corridor TTIB coupon graph
CM
OS
153
TTIBs with additional features
M B S
TTIBs with lock-out: coupon rate is not conditional on 1m Libor for an initial period, ensuring desirable rates over that period.
Initial reset date can be several years into bond’s lifetime.
Locked-out Digital TTIB yield tableLocked-out Digital TTIB coupon graph
CM
OS
154
TTIBs with additional features (cont.)
M B S
Floating-rate TTIBs: when 1m Libor is below a threshold, bond pays as a floater.
Floating-rate TTIBs with lock-out: bond maintains its initial coupon formula for an initial period, regardless of 1m Libor.
Example: FHR 3140 CF- Is a regular L + 165 bp bondfor first 7 years, beforeconverting into a regularfloating-rate TTIB.
CM
OS
155
Super-Floater
M B S
A type of floater that pays a fixed rate as long as 1m Libor stays above a certain threshold (usually greater than current levels).
Essentially shorting an option that 1m Libor will remain below a certain threshold.
Compensated for shorting the option by receiving a VERY high coupon should 1m Libor go above the threshold.
Example: FHR 3111 HF (receives 66% coupon if 1m Libor > 6.5%)
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
156
Customized Floater: FHR 3069 CF
M B S
Classified on Bloomberg as “Complex” because the formula for calculating the payment is not the standard Libor + discount margin
Unique structure
Payment Formula:If Libor is less than 4.8%, bond pays Libor + 2.35%If Libor is greater than 4.8% but less than 7.15%, bond pays 7.15%If Libor is greater than 7.15%, bond pays 0%
Coupon Graph
CM
OS
157
RELO – CMO Backed by Relocation Mortgages
M B S
Relocation Mortgage: a mortgage made to a transferred employee to finance a home purchase at a new job location
Mortgage usually requires an employer to contribute to mortgage funding
Mortgage typically originated by an agreement between the employer and the lender under a relocation program administered by the employer or its agent
Prepayment speeds depends on typical prepayment behaviors and other RELO factors:Whether the mortgages are made in connection with a permanent relocation of a corporate headquarters
The likelihood that borrowers will be relocated again
The frequency with which further relocations may occur
Historically this sector has fast prepay speeds
CMOs backed by RELO collateral usually trade at a deep discount
CM
OS
158
RELO Yield Table and Weighted Average Life Graph
M B S
Yield Table
Weighted Average Life graph
CM
OS
159
Prepay Linked Notes or Interest Accrual Notes (IANs)
M B S
Agency debt and MBS hybrid
Redemption schedule is based on a pre-selected reference pool
Like MBS (unlike agency debt) there is no explicit call date
Like agency debt (unlike MBS) there is a stated final maturity
Effective duration management tool for those who like MBS sector
Yield TableRecently-priced deals
CM
OS
160
Freddie Reference Notes
M B S
A Pre-pay linked note that trades live on Trade Web; an automated broker
Availability by all dealers on Trade Web meansBetter liquidity andBetter price transparency than pre-pay linked notes that do not trade live on Trade Web
Trades at slightly lower yields than other pre-pay linked notes due to the advantage of greater liquidity and greater price transparency
Trade Web Screen Offering:Yield Table
CM
OS
161
Conclusion
M B S
As a premier investment bank, strives to be a leader in the CMO market
The CMO team’s recent production is growing rapidly:In April & May 2006, the #1 FNMA issuer!
The #3 overall conventional issuer (FNMA + FHLMC) over same period.
Over $5 billion in deal volume in those two months alone!
The CMO team can provide the following client needs:Unique trade ideas through structuring capabilities
Relative value analysis
Marked-to-market valuations & portfolio analysis
Liquidity through market making
Let the CMO team help you maximize the total return of your portfolio!
162CM
OS
Market Overview and Origination 1
M B S
Demand 11
Mortgage Cashflows and Intro to Prepayments 23
Valuation and OAS 32
Prepayments Analysis and Reports 46
TBA Market and Specified Pools 62
Relative Value Trading 74
Case Studies 99
JP
MO
RG
AN
MB
SP
RI
ME
R
ARMs 110
CMOs 116
MBS Index 163163
JPMorgan MBS Index
M B S
The JPMorgan Mortgage Index (“the Index”) measures the performance of fixed-rate agency-backed mortgage pass-through securities
• Included:
– Thirty-year and 15-year fixed-rate pass-through securities issued by FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA
• Excluded:
– ARMs
– Non-Agency (whole loan), Jumbo, and 10- or 20-year securities
– Balloons, GPMs, and TPMs
– FHLMC 75-day delay mortgages
– FNMA Mega, FHLMC Giant, and GNMA Platinum pools
MB
SI
ND
EX
164
JPMorgan MBS Index
M B S
Due to paydowns and new pool issuance which are reported monthly, the mortgage universe undergoes monthly transformations
JPMorgan re-balances the Index automatically to reflect the changing compositions of the mortgage market. Once a month, on the last business day of the month, all the pools represented in the Index are re-aggregated for use next month
At the end of each business day, JPMorgan trader marks are used to price all the constituent securities in the Index
Traders mark benchmark issues (TBAs) and specified pools
Algorithm is used to price securities that are not actively traded
MB
SI
ND
EX
165
Calculation of Index Returns
M B S
Daily total return of the Index is the market value weighted average of the daily returns of its constituent securities
The daily total return of a security is defined as its daily change in market value over its previous market value. The change in market value equals change in price plus change in accrued interest. Interest is accrued daily at the net coupon rate based on 30/360 day-count convention. Using formulas, the relationship is as follows:
The Index starts at 100 on January 1st, 2000. On every business day after market close, a daily Index return is computed. A new index value is then calculated as the product of the previous Index value and the daily Index return
This methodology assumes that the Index settles daily (on business days) and that returns are reinvested into the Index on a daily basis. Using raw Index values, one can easily calculate the periodic total return of the Index between any two business-days by dividing the ending Index value by the starting Index value
MB
SI
ND
EX
166
Total return swaps on the JPMorgan MBS Index
M B S
•Investors can receive (or pay) the total rate of return of the JPMorgan Mortgage Index and pay (or receive) LIBOR – a specified spread
•Advantages of the TROR Index Swap:
– MBS returns competitive and less volatile than corporate debt– Ease of execution– Sector exposure with no security selection required– No MBS delivery / allocation required– Locked-in funding spread– Finite investment term– Paydowns automatically reinvested in Index– Pay or receive Index
Investor
Index Return LIBOR - spread
JPMorganChase Bank
EX
MB
SI
ND
167
Mortgage Index returns
M B SMB
SI
ND
EX
Source: Bloomberg
168
Index Composition
M B S
Index composition in June 2006, par weighted (%) and month/month changes in 10-year equivalents ($bn)Index composition in June 2006, par weighted (%) and month/month changes in 10-year equivalents ($bn)
MB
SI
ND
EX
Source: JPMorgan
169
Index Performance
M B S
Index duration and convexity profile, as of 5/31/06Index duration and convexity profile, as of 5/31/06
Index statistics, May 31st, 2006Index statistics, May 31st, 2006 Index statistics, May 31st, 2006Index statistics, May 31st, 2006
MB
SI
ND
EX
170
Index Performance
M B S
Index returns and excess returns by sector and coupon (bps), in May 2006Index returns and excess returns by sector and coupon (bps), in May 2006
MB
SI
ND
EX
171