J O U R N A L O F

i^ear Eastern Studies VOLUME 41 • APRIL 1982 • NUMBER 2

NINETY-NINTH YEAR

• UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS • CHICAGO • ILLINOIS . U.S.A.

JOURNAL OF

Near Eastern Studies Continuing T H E A M E R I C A N J O U R N A L O F

S E M I T I C L A N G U A G E S A N D L I T E R A T U R E S H E B R A I C A . V O L S . 1 - X I , 1884-1895

F O U N D E D B Y W I L L I A M R A 1 N E Y H A R P E R

A M E R I C A N J O U R N A L O F S E M I T I C L A N G U A G E S A N D L I T E R A T U R E S , V O L S . X l l - L V I I l , 1895-1941

R O B E R T D . B I G G S , Editor

L. P A U L A W O O D S , Assistant Editor

A P R I L 1982 Volume 41 Number 2

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J O U R N A L OF

Near Eastern Studies A P R I L 1982 • V O L U M E 41 • N U M B E R 2

N I N E T Y - N I N T H Y E A R

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A R T I C L E S

JOSETTE ELAYI. Studies in Phoenic ian Geography during the Persian Period 83 LAWRENCE E. STAGER. The Archaeo logy of the East S lope of Jerusalem and the

Terraces of the Kidron I l l BEZALEL PORTEN AND H. Z . SZUBIN. "Abandoned Property" in Elephantine:

A New Interpretation of Kraeling 3 123 G. W. AHLSTRÖM. Where Did the Israelites Live? 133

B O O K S R E V I E W E D

J. CERNY. Coptic Etymological Dictionary (Janet H. J o h n s o n ) 139 KARL KROMER. Siedlungsfunde aus dem frühen Alten Reich in Giseh:

österreichische Ausgrabungen 1971-1975 (Karl W. Butzer) 140 JULIA SAMSON. Amarna, City of Akhnaten and Nefertiti: Key Pieces from

the Petrie Collection (Wil l iam J. Murnane) 141 H. M . STEWART. Egyptian Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings from the Petrie

Collection. Pt. 1. The New Kingdom (Wil l iam J. Murnane) 141 HANS GOEDICKE. The Protocol of Neferyt (The Prophecy of Neferti)

(William J. Murnane) 144 MARIA GIULIA G U Z Z O AMADASI and VASSOS KARAGEORGHIS. Fouilles de

Kition. Vol. 3. Inscriptions phéniciennes (Javier Teixidor) 146 ADNAN BOUNNI and JAVIER TEIXIDOR. Inventaire des inscriptions de Palmyre.

Fase. 12 (Jonas C. Greenfield) 148 PHILIP R. DAVIES. IQ M, the War Scroll from Qumran: Its Structure

and History (Jonas C. Greenfield) 149 H. G. M. WILLIAMSON. Israel in the Books of Chronicles (Siegfried H. Horn) 149 BERNHARD ROSENKRANZ. Vergleichende Untersuchungen der altanatolischen

Sprachen ( H o w a r d Berman) 151 MINOO S. SOUTHGATE. Iskandarnamah: A Persian Medieval Alexander-

Romance (Eden Naby) 152 ISMAIL K. POONAWALA. A Bibliography of IsmäcTlT Literature (Paul E.

Walker) 154

RICHARD M A C D O N O U G H FRANK. Beings and Their Attributes: The Teaching of the Basrian School of the Muctazila in Their Classical Period (W. Madelung) 155

SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR. Sadr al-Din Shirazi and His Transcendent Theosophy (Lenn Evan G o o d m a n ) 156

PATRICIA CRONE and MICHAEL COOK. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic-

World (Michae l G. M o r o n y ) 157 NICHOLAS HEER, translator. Al-JamT's A l -Durrah al -Fakhirah together with

His Glosses and the Commentary of cAhd al-Ghafur al-Lari (Hermann Landolt ) 159

ARNE AMBROS. Damascus Arabic (Carolyn Killean) 159

140 JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Vol. 41 , No. 2

Impress ive , too , is t h e range of languages from which re la ted words have been ci ted. However , t h e non -Egyp t i an words should have been ci ted in t rans l i te ra t ion , as well as in t he original scr ipts , jus t as t he E g y p t i a n words a re . I n a d ic t ionary of a s tage of t h e E g y p t i a n language one can assume knowledge of E g y p t i a n scr ipts , b u t one cannot assume knowledge of o the r scr ip ts used in t h e ancient or m o d e r n Near E a s t . The book also suffers sl ightly from a lack of consistency in the p resen ta t ion of t he individual ent r ies . For ins tance, spellings of t he Coptic word in different dialects a re somet imes indicated, somet imes no t ; when more t h a n one spelling is given, t h e dialects a re no t a lways given in the same order . W h e n a word is cited in a n e tymology which is no t in t he basic d ic t ionary for t h a t scr ipt (Wörterbuch, Er ichsen, Crum), t h e source of t he word is somet imes clearly indica ted in t he first pa rag raph where t he e tymology is given. Freqviently, however , it is only no ted in t h a t pa rag raph t h a t t he word is no t in t h e app rop r i a t e d ic t ionary a n d it is only by not ing t he reference given in t h e following pa rag raph on t he h is tory of t he discussion of t he e tymology t h a t one can deduce w h a t t h e source of t he word is. Ano the r indicat ion of t he lack of consistency is t h e fact t h a t two or even th ree different abbrev ia t ions a re used to refer t o t h e same work (and some of t he works ci ted in t h e t ex t , in abbrevia t ion , a re no t included in t he abbrevia t ions list) . This p resumably resul ted from Cerny 's borrowing from the works of others , such as Devaud , as ment ioned above . Ano the r source of abbrevia t ions was Sir H e r b e r t Thompson ' s demot ic d ic t ionary files (some a re t he unchanged , unusua l ones found there) , t o which reference is occasion­ally given for unpubl ished mater ia l s b u t whose conten ts a n d presence in Cambridge should pe rhaps h a v e been no ted in t he list of abbrev ia t ions .

However , these a re minor flaws, which do not seriously impai r t h e usabi l i ty of t he book or de t r ac t from t h e major cont r ibu t ion which it h a s m a d e . I t has a l r eady become an invaluable asset in t h e reading of E g y p t i a n t ex t s a n d can be recommended enthusiast ic­

ally t o Egyptologis ts , Copticists, and all o thers who wish t o know t h e history o r

re la t ions of Coptic words .

J A N E T H . JOHNSON

The University of Chicago

Siedlungsfunde aus dem frühen Alten Reich in Oiseh: österreichische Ausgrabungen 1971^ 1975. By K A R L K R O M E R . Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philoso. phisch-Histor ische Klasse Denkschriften vol. 1 3 6 . Vienna : Verlag der österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaft , 1 9 7 8 . Pp. 130 + 3 9 figs. + 4 0 pis . + 4 m a p s . DM 5 8 The Aus t r i an excava t ions east of the

Mykerinos p y r a m i d a t Giza present a rela­t ively unusua l p rob lem. A potent ia l settle­m e n t of ear ly Old K i n g d o m age was selected on t he basis of surface indicators . Eventually it became a p p a r e n t t h a t a lmost all of the loose rubble excava ted h a d been transported there from as m u c h as a ki lometer away when t he site of t he p y r a m i d was cleared. The 1 5 8 0 inventor ied " f inds" indicate se t t l ement dur ing t he first four dynasties and suggest specialized workmen ' s quar ters re­lated to t he bui lding act ivi t ies of Chephren.

Unde r t he direct ion of Kromer , ten units of 1 0 0 m 2 each ( 0 . 5 ha) were dug to bedrock dur ing 7 seasons of 5 to 6 weeks each, with u p t o 1 2 0 workmen. The cul tura l deposits form p a r t of a slope ta lus wi th an initial g rade of 1 7 percent , below two flat-topped sands tone r idges. W o r k was complicated by t h e repea ted collapse or s lumping of the sediment , too loose to ma in t a in a trench face. Only two general m a p s a re provided (one with inconsistent contours a n d lacking a scale), and t he surface micro topography prior to excavat ion is no t elucidated. Excep t for a m a x i m u m thickness of 6 . 4 m for square B, no m a x i m u m or median sediment depths are given, so t h a t t he bulk of t he deposit cannot even be guessed a t . Profiles of only three unit faces are i l lustrated or referred to , and there are no general , d rawn sections for the major site axes. Site pho tog raphs are no t identified as to posi t ion. Final ly , finds a re reported by

APRIL 1982 BOOK REVIEWS 141

10 X 1 0 m square , a n d no o ther provenience control is appa ren t .

Given t h e complexi ty of t h e geo-archeo-logical p rob lem represented b y such a n unusual si te, excavat ion recording was patently i nadequa te t o t h e task . K r o m e r correctly infers repea ted episodes of dumping along the slope, gradual ly crea t ing a n extensive ledge of secondary hab i t a t ion residues; b u t even t he avai lable sections suggest a more informat ive s t ra t igraphic sequence in squares A a n d D : (i) a basal un i t of 2 m of th ick-bedded m u d residues includes inclined lines of po t sherds , wi th local con­centration of mud-br ick rubb le ; (ii) t h e nex t unit averages 1.5 m in th ickness a n d follows conformably b u t is th in-bedded , wi th m u d residues in terd ig i ta ted wi th sand lenses (generally less t h a n 5 cm th ick) ; (iii) over a major erosional break , more t h a n 1 m of thick-bedded sand or m u d , admixed wi th sherds and brick rubble , fill a depression t h a t cuts diagonally down t he slope; (iv) a dis­continuous veneer of rubble , possibly a lag horizon; and finally (v) sands , mixed wi th fine brick debr is , u p to 7 0 cm th ick in some spots. Kromer believes t h a t t he sandy lenses are eolian, and the capping sands , dunes ; t he presence of minu te root le t horizons in t h e sandy lenses is felt to record annua l r y t h m i t e s , and he argues accordingly t h a t some lenses mark breaks of 4 to 6 years in local dumping . Nonetheless, the s a n d y lenses t h in ou t r a the r than thicken downslope, where they m a y grade into sherd horizons ( S E of square A) ; also duties should no t be mixed wi th debr i s !

Lacking proper recording a n d analysis , t he strata remain ambiguous . K r o m e r claims a single se t t lement t h a t h a d segregated work­men's quar te r s dur ing t he F o u r t h D y n a s t y and tha t was la ter razed a n d d u m p e d a t t h e excavation site. My impression is t h a t several settlements m a y well have been incorporated m the d u m p , including drif t sand removed from the p y r a m i d p la t form. The break between uni t s (ii) a n d (iii) m a y record a debris slide following heavy rains , a n d the mechanics of subsequent d u m p i n g was sub­stantially different. I t is technical ly possible t o determine whe the r m u d residues come

from simple sun-dried m u d , de te r io ra ted mud-br icks , or in tac t br icks (see m y com­m e n t s in Oriental Institute Communications 2 3 [ 1 9 7 8 ] : 1 8 8 - 9 0 ) . B y inference, it would have been feasible t o dis t inguish deposi ts from t h e base of a long t e r m site (or from a long abandoned se t t lement) as opposed to an act ive one and to isolate t r u e eolian sand, local sandy slope wash, a n d d u m p e d sands . As it s t ands , K r o m e r ' s in te rpre ta t ion of a single, an teceden t t own a n d its evolut ion is inferred more from establ ished dynas t i c events t h a n from in si tu evidence.

These excava t ions s t and as a n example of w h a t can be lost by inadequa te procedures . The p r i m a r y posi t ive va lue of t he repor t is in t he large selection of well i l lustrated li thic ar t i facts , par t icu lar ly t h e flints and stone bowls. The seal impressions and an imal bone will be publ ished elsewhere by P . K a p l o n y a n d M. Kokab i , respect ively.

KARL W . BUTZER

The University of Chicago

Amarna, City of Ahhenaten and Nefertiti: Key Pieces from the Petrie Collection. B y J U L I A SAMSON. Warmins te r , Eng land : Aris a n d Phill ips, 1 9 7 2 . P p . 1 1 0 + 5 7 figs. $ 2 8 . 5 0 .

Egyptian Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings from the Petrie Collection. P t . 1 . The New Kingdom. B y H . M. S T E W A R T . Warmin­ster , Eng land : Aris a n d Phillips, 1 9 7 6 . P p . x + 7 2 + 5 3 pis. $ 2 7 . 5 0 [both distri­b u t e d by I S B S , P O B 5 5 5 , Fores t Grove, Oregon 9 7 1 1 6 ] .

I t is well known t h a t t h e Pe t r ie Museum in t he D e p a r t m e n t of Egypto logy of Uni­vers i ty College, London houses one of t he finest teaching collections of E g y p t i a n ar t i ­facts e x t a n t . The collection's value to t he scholar is enhanced by t he high propor t ion of provenanced mater ia l s from the excava­t ions of Pe t r ie a n d others , b u t unt i l now only a fraction of it has been published. I t is t h u s a pleasure t o welcome these two