)joebxj1vcmjtijoh$psqpsbujpo …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2015/376986.pdf · research...

Research ArticleComposition of Periphyton Community onWater Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) In Analysis ofEnvironmental Characteristics at Ejirin Part of Epe Lagoon inSouthwestern Nigeria

A I Inyang1 K E Sunday2 and D I Nwankwo2

1Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State University Nigeria2Department of Marine Sciences University of Lagos Akoka Nigeria

Correspondence should be addressed to A I Inyang aniefiokinyangyahoocom

Received 7 September 2014 Revised 24 November 2014 Accepted 4 December 2014

Academic Editor Robert A Patzner

Copyright copy 2015 A I Inyang et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

The composition of periphyton community on water hyacinth was investigated at Ejirin part of Epe Lagoon in relation toenvironmental characteristics from December 2012 to May 2013 A total of 14536 individuals of 104 species belonging to fivedivisions were identified with Bacillariophyta (8269) Cyanobacteria (1043) Chlorophyta (563) and Euglenophyta (115)The total species abundance observed showed a strong correlation with rainfall (119903 = 0745) and strongly significant correlationwith TDS (119903 = 0836lowast 119875 gt 005) Biochemical oxygen demand value remained (BOD) le 48mgL while Shannon-Wiener indexvalue remained (119867

119904) le 147 The presence of the following organisms could be used as an indicator of environmentally stressed

aquatic ecosystem euglenoids blue green algae Nitzschia palea Surirella sp Pinnularia sp Gomphonema parvulum Mougeotiasp Spirogyra sp Trachelomonas affinis (Lemm) and T ensifera Daday T gibberosa Playf and Phormidium articulatum Lyngbyaintermedia Cymbella ventricosa Eunotia arcus Surirella linearis and Closterium parvulum Nag

1 Introduction

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced intothe Nigerian coastal waters in September 1984 from PortoNovo Creek (Benin Republic) and has continued to flourishSchlorin [1] stated that water hyacinth is a sensitive indicatorof environmental status of certain tropical waters Waterhyacinth plant provides suitable surfaces for the developmentof periphyton as well as aquatic fauna on floating leaveshanging roots and creeping stems According to Egborge [2]water hyacinth harbours a variety of organismswhich includealgae rotifers nematodes annelids molluscs hydraceridscladocerans copepod conchostracans isopod amphipodscrabs and fishes Organisms such as snails andmayflies affectthe periphyton species assemblage biomass and productivity[3]

The algae found in water bodies depend on cells whichmay either float on the surface or grow on submerged objects

and are divided into two groups namely phytoplanktonand periphyton [4 5] The term ldquoperiphytonrdquo coined byBehning and Cooke [6 7] was derived from two Greekwords ldquoperirdquo meaning ldquoroundrdquo and ldquophytonrdquomeaning plantPeriphyton has become a universally accepted expressionfor all organisms that are attached to a submerged substrateand generally dominated by photosynthetic organism whichmay be unicellular colonial or filamentous species froma variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic phyla As appliedto this work Wetzel [8] defined periphyton as the micro-ldquofloralrdquo community living attached to the substrate insidewaterThis microfloral community plays an important role inwater bodies not only by being important primary producers[9 10] and serving as an energy source for higher trophiclevel [11] but also by affecting the nutrient turnover [12]and the transfer of nutrients between the benthic and thepelagic zone [13] Several works on substrate-mediated effecton periphyton biomass and composition have been reported

Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of Marine BiologyVolume 2015 Article ID 376986 9 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552015376986

2 Journal of Marine Biology

Nigeria

(km)0 1 2 4

NPalaver IslandCreeksWater bodies

TownsvillagesEjirin (study area)Lagos State

Vegetation

Ijede

LangbasoBodore

Epe Lagoon

IkosiImode

Oribo Ojidolokun

100100

120 320 520 720 920 1120 1320

120 320 520 720 920 1120 1320

0 60 120 240 360 480

(km)

OceanGulf of Guinea

N

SEW

Palaver Island

Vegetation

Vegetation

Lagos State

Ejirin

Epe

minus100

minus300

minus500

minus700

minus100

minus300

minus500

minus700

Figure 1 Map of Epe Lagoon showing the study area at Ejirin

[14 15] and its usage as an important indicator of the health ofaquatic systems [16ndash18]These organisms are useful indicatorgroups for pollution bioassessment due to their sensitivity topollution Since the composition of periphyton communityon water hyacinth at Ejirin has not been assessed it is there-fore important to document its composition and abundancein relation to environmental characteristics This study willserve as a source of data background and information onwater quality and periphyton abundance and composition

11 Study Area The study site Ejirin (Figure 1) located(6∘8910158401015840N 3∘3810158401015840E) is part of Epe Lagoon freshwater andnontidal lagoon It is sandwiched between Lekki Lagoon tothe east and Lagos Lagoon to the west It experiences thesame hydroclimatic conditions as the rest of southwesternNigeria such that there are two main seasons (wet anddry) The littoral vegetation found there is dominantly Raffiapalm and some dotted mangrove while on surface watersome floating macrophyte like water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) dominates The people there are mainly artisanalfishermen sand miners and petty traders

2 Materials and Methods

21 Physicochemical Characteristics Water samples were col-lected on each trip between 0900 and 1300 and stored in250mL well labelled plastic bottles and transported to thelaboratory in an ice chest Surface water temperatures were

measured in situ using a mercury-in-glass thermometerand recorded to the nearest 01∘C Transparency was deter-mined using 20 cm white painted Secchi disc while pHvalues were measured using a Graffin digital pH meter Dis-solved oxygen concentration was determined by unmodifiedWinkler method [19] conductivity was assessed using themeter (Philips PW9505) and chemical oxygen demand andbiochemical oxygen demand values were determined usingthe method described in APHA [20] Reactive nitrogenreactive phosphorus sulphate and silicate were measured asdescribed by APHA [20] Rainfall data was obtained from theFederal Meteorological Department Oshodi Lagos

22 Determination of Periphyton Biomass Healthy plantswere carefully selected to ensure uniformity in size beforeputting each into plastic containers with 500mL of tap waterThe attached algae were removed mechanically by shakingvigorously in water as suggested by Foerster and Schlichting[21] and preserved in a well labelled plastic container with4 unbuffered formalin added to fix the periphyton sampleAnother 500mL container was filled with an unfixed samplefor chlorophyll 119886 analysis Chlorophyll 119886 was determined byfluorometric method as described by APHA [20]

23 Analysis of Biological Characteristics Periphyton sampleswere thoroughly investigated using CHA and CHB binocularmicroscope with a calibrated eye piece noting all fieldsCounting was done using a microtransect drop count and

Journal of Marine Biology 3

Table 1 Status of physicochemical parameters at Ejirin part of Epe Lagoon from December 2012 to May 2013

Parameters December January February March April May Mean Standard deviationWater temp (∘C) 293 283 29 306 293 331 2993 172Transparency (cm) 43 57 415 385 34 31 408 911Depth (cm) 25 28 30 27 30 26 277 207pH 6639 615 622 645 66 65 639 017Conductivity (120583scm) 0192 0154 02 0006 02 035 018 011TSS (mgL) 55 66 170 73 1 11 6101 6209TDS (mgL) 065 79 87 141 119 161 9794 5695Rainfall (mm) 132 0 28 501 1653 3408 9957 13225Salinity (permil) 0 0 0 001 0 0 0002 0004Nitrate (mgL) 032 011 008 008 012 007 013 0095Phosphate (mgL) 078 065 059 108 071 059 073 018Sulphate (mgL) 120 080 126 130 121 126 117 019Silicate (mgL) 040 080 011 005 005 006 025 030Periphyton chl a (mgL) 0003 0001 0003 0003 00023 000096Biological oxygen demand (mgL) 48 04 2 37 22 08 232 168Chemical oxygen demand (mgL) 15 16 20 37 32 32 2533 946Dissolved oxygen (mgL) 613 10 45 5 58 6 624 195

10 drops of periphyton samples were investigated for eachmonth as described by [22] All organisms unicels filamentsand coenobia were counted as one and recorded as permL Appropriate texts such as [23ndash26] (Biggs and Kilroy)were used to aid in the identification of periphyton Twocommunity structure parameters were used to determinepossible response of the periphyton flora to environmentalstress These were as follows

(i) Shannon-Wiener diversity index (119867119904) proposed by

Shannon-Wiener in 1963 it is given by

119867119904=

119873 log119873 minus sum119875119894log119875119894

119873

(1)

where 119867119904is Shannon-Wiener index 119873 is the total number

of individuals in the population 119875119894is proportion that the

119894th species represent the total number of individuals in thesampling space sum is summation and 119894 represents countsdenoting 119894th species ranging from 1 to 119899

(ii) Species richness index (119889) proposed by Margalef in1951 it is given by

119889 = 119878 minus

1

In119873 (2)

where 119889 is species richness index 119878 is the number of speciesin the population and119873 is the total number of individuals inspecies

24 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was carried outwith the aid of SPSS (version 17) and PAST (version 3)statistical tools Correction coefficient [27] was used to eval-uate relationship between periphyton abundance and someenvironmental variables (temperature salinity total monthly

rainfall TDS TSS transparency pH and micronutrients) Itis given by Spearman rank correlation

119903 = 1 minus [

6sum1198632

119899 (1198992minus 1)

] (3)

where 119903 is the correlation coefficient sum1198632 is the sum ofsquares of difference of the ranks and 119899 is the number ofmonths119905-test analysis was carried out to evaluate statistical

difference (119875 gt 005) in seasonal (wet and dry) abundanceof periphyton community Standard deviation and meananalysis were also evaluated

3 Result

The data for physicochemical features at Ejirin Creek fromDecember 2012 to May 2013 showed seasonal variationas presented in Table 1 Surface water temperature peaked3301∘C in May and lower value of 28∘C in January with amean value of 30∘C The surface water temperature showeda strong significant correlation with rainfall (119903 = 0855lowast 119875 gt005) (Table 3) The surface water pH was acidic throughoutthe sampling period (pH le 66) with a mean value of 639Conductivity peaked 035120583scm in May and lower value of0006120583scm in March with a mean value of 0184 120583scmConductivity showed a strong positive correlation with rain-fall (119903 = 0701) and with periphyton chlorophyll 119886 (119903 =0506) Transparency values were high in the dry monthsand low in the wet months This corresponds to the rainfallpattern encountered during the study The water remainedfresh throughout the study period with salinity value 119878 le001permil

The micronutrients varied throughout the study periodswith reactive nitrate (NO

3-N le 032) reactive phosphate


Table2Speciesa

bund

ance

distrib

utionof

perip

hytonatEjirin

partof

EpeL

agoo

nfro

mDecem

ber2

012to

May

2013

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Cyano

phyta

ClassCy

anop

hyceae

Order

ICh

roococcales

Chroococcusm

ajor

2447

Chroococcusgardn

eri

2323

Chroococcuso

ccidentalis

28Ch

roococcusd

eltoids

51Ch

roococcusm

ediocris

3337

Chroococcusm

ipita

nensis

36Merism

opediapu

nctata

Meyen

721

Chlorella

subsalaLemm

14Ch

loroglo

eagardneri

23Cy

anothece

sp

14Gom

phosphaeria

sp

22Ap

hanocapsaconferta

4332

Anacystis

sp

14Ap

hanothecec

omasii

22Ap

hanothecev

ariabilis

8Order

IIN

ostocales

Anabaena

spB

oryex

Bornet

4218

3746

Order

IIIOscillatoriales

Lyngbyainterm

ediaAgardhex

Gom

ont

58179

147

201

187

Phormidium

articulatum

4234

Komvophoron

sp

18Ph

ylum

Eug

leno

phyta

ClassEu

glenop

hyceae

Order

IEu

glenales

Eugle

naoxyuris

varcharkowien

sis8

138

11Eu

glena

gracilisK

lebs

12Ph

acus

orbicularis

Hub

ner

14Ph

acus

caud

atus

Hub

ner

13Ph

acus

triqueter

13Trachelomonas

affinis(Lemm)

1212

Trachelomonas

ensiferaDaday

916

Trachelomonas

gibberosaPlayf

1313

Phylum

Bacillarioph

yta

ClassBa

cillario

phyceae

Order

ICentrales

Aulacoseira

granulatavarangustissimafcurvataSimon

172

41301

342

407

524

Aulacoseira

granulatev

arangustissim

afspira

lisOM

ull

181

101

309

498

587

651

Journal of Marine Biology 5Ta

ble2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Au

lacoseira

islandica

subspHelv

etica

OM

ull

9840

134

192

271

285

Aulacoseira

granulata(Ehr)

189

115

337

414

541

702

Aulacoseira

italica(Ehr)

1333

103

175

203

198

Hem

idiscus

cuneiform

is29

3521

Cyclo

tella

meneghinianaKu

tzexBr Oslash

7218

108

67Co

cconeis

pediculusE

hr

4862

4898

72Rh

izosolenialongise

ta12

11Rh

izosoleniahebetata

Bail

14Order

IIPennales

Eunotia

arcusE

hr

7237

2737

Diatomatenu

isBo

ry117

121

113

67Cy

mbella

ventric

osaAgardh

3121

2427

34SurirelladebesiTu

rpin

2427

Surirellarobu

stavarsplen

dida

21Surirellarobu

stavararmata

17Surirellalin

earis

Turpin

1947

3827

31Synedraacus

Ehr

2131

Synedraulna

varcontractaEh

r22

1821

38Staurosirellalep

tosta

uron

14Asterio

nella

form

osaHassall

21207

Gyrosig

mascalproidesH

assall

19Gy

rosig

maattenu

atum

Hassall

1613

Gom

phonem

aparvulum

Ehr

2117

2436

31Na

viculalanceolata

Bory

98Na

viculapupu

laKu

tzvarrectangularisGrun

Com

pr

32Na

vicularadiosa

1928

52Na

viculamargalithii

2357

3837

Stauroneisanceps

27Nitzschiaacic

ularisKu

tz

5237

33Nitzschiadissipata

1828

27Nitzschiainterm

edia

3131

3454

4241

Nitzschiainconspicua

3132

3851

Nitzschiaclo

steriu

m31

32Nitzschiagracilis

3129

44Pinn

ulariaacrosphaeria(Breb)v

arm

inor

Kutz

2736

Pinn

ulariagibba

1731

Pseudosta

urosira

brevistria

ta11

AmphoraovalisKu

tz

4752

Epith

emiaargusv

arlongicornisGrun

3919

Epith

emiasorex

47Rh

opalodiaoperculata

(Ehr)Muller

21Ac

hnanthidium

lanceolatum

Kutz

2116

Achn

anthidium

linearis

Kutz

1227


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarsetiformisNygaard

fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu

mkutzingiifsigmoides

2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767


(PO4-P le 078) silicate (SiO

3le 080) and sulphate (le130)

Periphyton chlorophyll 119886 reached a peak value (0003mgL)recorded in February and April while its lower value(0001mgL) was recorded in March with a mean value of00023mgL Biochemical oxygen demand reached a peakvalue (48mgL) recorded in December and the lowest value(04mgL) was recorded in January with a mean value of2317mgL Chemical oxygen demand value ranged between15mgL (December) and 37mgL (March) with amean valueof 231mgL Dissolved oxygen demand (DO) value reacheda peak value (10mgL) recorded in January and a lower value(45mgL) was recorded in February with a mean value of624mgL

The checklist of the periphyton species between Decem-ber 2012 and May 2013 is presented in Table 2 A total of14 536 individuals of 104 species were recorded throughoutthe study period The total number of taxa varied from 24in December to 26 in January 23 in February 63 in March41 in April and 49 in May Diatom populations during bothseasonswere dominated by 10 centric diatoms and 34 pennatediatoms and a total of 19 species were recorded for Cyanobac-teria Five divisions were recorded with their percent-age of occurrence Bacillariophyta (8269) Cyanobacteria(1043) Chlorophyta (563) and Euglenophyta (115)The total amount of periphyton abundance shows a strongpositive correlation with water temperature (119903 = 0744) pH(119903 = 0797) rainfall (119903 = 0745) and sulphate (119903 = 0707)It also strongly correlates significantly with TDS (119903 = 0836lowast119875 gt 005) and with transparency (119903 = minus0886lowast 119875 gt 005)There was greater species richness during wet months thandry months with a value 119889 le 76 Shannon-Wiener diversityindex value was observed to be119867

119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion

The range value of the surface water temperature reported isnotable for tropics The highest water temperature observedin May could be a result of time of collection and heatcapacity of waterThe positive correlation that exists betweenrainfall and surface water temperature could explain thepossible effect of precipitation on temperature Nwankwo[28] reported that there are two main seasons in Nigeria dryseason (NovemberndashApril) and wet season (MayndashOctober)The rainy season is ecologically more important in coastalwaters and is bimodal in distribution Floods caused by rain-fall enrich the coastal environmental gradients (horizontaland vertical) With this seasonal pattern it was observedthat transparency total dissolved solids and total suspendedsolids increased with the onset of rainfallThemicronutrientsconcentration level increased as precipitation rate increasedprobably due to input from settlements and wetlands

Odum [29] related pH levels to the amount of carbonatepresent in the water and often considered it an indicator ofthe aquatic chemical environment The observed pH value(pH le 66) falls within the range reported by Nwankwo andAkinsoji [30] for Epe Lagoon The pH value could mainlybe controlled by freshwater swamp exudates that regulate theacidity of the water body Change in pH value has a profound

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficient matrix of water qualityindices total periphyton abundance and rainfall from December2012 to May 2013 at Ejirin part of Epe Lagoon

ParametersTotal abundance Rainfall

Rainfall 0745 1Water temperature 0744 0855lowast

Transparency minus0886lowast minus0755pH 0797 065Conductivity 0115 0701TSS minus0423 minus0652TDS 0836lowast 0678Salinity 0403 minus0183Reactive nitrate minus0533 minus0375Reactive phosphate 0247 minus0319Sulphate 0707 0374Silicate minus0870lowast minus053Peri chlorophyll a minus0566 minus0007BOD minus0039 minus0398COD 0955lowastlowast 0587DO minus0597 minus0206lowastCorrelation is significant at 005 level (2-tailed)lowastlowastCorrelation is significant at 001 level (2-tailed)

effect on the conductivity level of the water Furthermore thehigh value of dissolved oxygen observed in January could be aresult of combined photosynthetic activity of themicroscopicplants whereas the low value may be attributed to bacterialdegradation of organic matter which was observed at theonset of precipitation

Hynes [31] reported that BOD values of 1-2mgL orless represent clean water of 4ndash7mgL represent slightlypolluted water and of more than 8mgL represent severepollution Therefore based on the above criteria the site wasrelatively clean except for December and March where levelsof contamination were reported The Shannon-Wiener indexof diversity of 1ndash3 according toWilh and Dorris [32] signifiesmoderately polluted water and above 3 signifies clean watersituation In this regard Shannon-Weiner index in Decemberand March in periphyton community may point towardsmoderate pollution at this period

However the chlorophyll 119886 for periphyton communityshowed a rhythmic patternwith nutrient levelmostly reactivenitrate This may explain the importance of reactive nitrateto periphyton community The periphyton abundance in thewet months differs significantly with that of dry months(119905lowast = 8799 119875 gt 005) This could be a result of favourableconditions during this time that resulted in themultiplicationof algal cell and additional input of pennate forms by thefloodsThe algal spectrum observed shows that diatoms werethe dominant species in periphyton community

Bowker and Denny [33] reported the limited growth ofattached diatoms in the dry season and the rapid growth ofmacrophyte tissue This may explain why more species wereobserved on macrophyte tissues in the wet months Some ofthe algae that were common members of the plankton but


Table 4 Biological indices parameters at Ejirin part of Epe Lagoon from December 2012 to May 2013

Periphyton taxa December January February March April MayTotal species diversity (119878) 24 26 23 63 41 49Total abundance (119873) cellsmLminus1 1169 738 2009 3490 3363 3767Shannon-Wiener index (119867

119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127

Margalef rsquos index (119889) 326 379 289 76 493 583

were found in periphyton community were often trapped bythe roots of the plant like the centric diatoms However thecentric diatoms found in the periphyton community weretransit visitor caught up by the mesh formed of the waterhyacinth roots

The observations that diatoms dominate the periphytoncommunity onwater hyacinth confirm earlier reports [34 35]that diatomsweremore abundant in the algal spectrum of theLagos Lagoon complex

Round [36] observed the abundance of Eunotia sp onLemna roots whereas Bowker and Denny [33] reported thedominance of Achnanthes and Cocconeis sp on the rootsand leaves of Lemna respectively Cocconeis pediculus Ehrand Achnanthidium sp were only found in the periphytoncommunity with Cocconeis occurring all through the monthssuggesting a strong coexistence Cocconeis pediculus Ehroccurred in a range of conditions from clean to moderatelyenriched to much enriched waters Its presence and others(euglenoids blue green algae Nitzschia palea Surirella spPinnularia sp Gomphonema parvulum Mougeotia sp Spir-ogyra sp Trachelomonas affinis (Lemm) T ensifera DadayT gibberosa Playf Phormidium articulatum Lyngbya inter-media Cymbella ventricosa Eunotia arcus Surirella linearisAsterionella formosa Hassall N acicularis Amphora ovalisKutzAnkistrodesmus falcatus Scenedesmus armatusChodatand Closterium parvulum Nag) may suggest pollution byorganic materials

The abundance of periphyton species on the waterhyacinthmay be given a second thought to enhance the aqua-culture production in the area A high species level for bluegreen algae and euglenoids in the periphyton communitymay reveal its suitability in monitoring environmental stressin coastal waters

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

Acknowledgments

Special thanks are due to the staff of Marine Biology Labo-ratory University of Lagos and Professor D I Nwankwo forthe help throughout the study period

References

[1] H Schlorin ldquoThe water hyacinthmdasha sensitive indicator for theenvironmental status of certain tropical water SCOPEUNEPrdquoSonderband vol 58 pp 217ndash224 1985

[2] A B N Egborge ldquoWater hyacinthmdashbiological museumrdquo inProceedings of the International Workshop on Water Hyacinthpp 52ndash70 Lagos Nigeria August 1988

[3] J W Feminella and C P Hawkins ldquoInteractions betweenstream herbivores and periphyton a quantitative analysis ofpast experimentsrdquo Journal of the North American BenthologicalSociety vol 14 no 4 pp 465ndash509 1995

[4] G E HutchinsonATreatise on Limnology vol 3 of LimnologicaBotany John Wiley amp Sons New York NY USA 1975

[5] J Kalff Limnology Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River NJ USA2002

[6] A L Behning ldquoZur Erforschung der am Flussboden derWolgalebenden OrganismenrdquoMonographien der Biologischen Wolga-Station vol 1 no 1 p 398 1924

[7] W M B Cooke ldquoColonisation of artificial bare areas bymicroorganismsrdquo The Botanical Review vol 22 no 9 pp 613ndash638 1956

[8] R G Wetzel ldquoAttached algal-substrata interactions fact ormyth and when and howrdquo in Periphyton of Freshwater Ecosys-tems R G Wetzel Ed pp 207ndash215 W Junk Publishers TheHague The Netherlands 1983

[9] Y Vadeboncoeur D M Lodge and S R Carpenter ldquoWhole-lake fertilization effects on distribution of primary productionbetween benthic and pelagic habitatsrdquo Ecology vol 82 no 4 pp1065ndash1077 2001

[10] L Liboriussen andE Jeppesen ldquoTemporal dynamics in epipelicpelagic and epiphytic algal production in a clear and a turbidshallow lakerdquo Freshwater Biology vol 48 no 3 pp 418ndash4312003

[11] R E Hecky and R H Hesslein ldquoContributions of benthic algaeto lake food webs as revealed by stable isotope analysisrdquo Journalof the North American Benthological Society vol 14 no 4 pp631ndash653 1995

[12] R G Wetzel ldquoMicrocommunities and microgradients linkingnutrient regenerationmicrobialmutualism and high sustainedaquatic primary productionrdquo Netherlands Journal of AquaticEcology vol 27 no 1 pp 3ndash9 1993

[13] M J Vander Zanden and Y Vadeboncoeur ldquoFishes as integra-tors of benthic and pelagic food webs in lakesrdquo Ecology vol 83no 8 pp 2152ndash2161 2002

[14] D I Nwankwo and A Akinsoji ldquoPeriphyton algae of aeutrophic creek and their possible use as indicatorrdquo NigeriaJournal of Botany vol 1 pp 47ndash54 1998

[15] D I Nwankwo and A O Onitiri ldquoPeriphyton community onsubmerged aquatic macrophytes (horn wort and bladderwort)in Epe Lagoon Nigeriardquo Journal of Agricultural Science andTechnology vol 2 no 2 pp 135ndash141 1992

[16] R L Lowe and Y Pan ldquoBenthic algal communities as biologicalmonitorsrdquo in Algal Ecology Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems RJ Stevenson M L Bothwell and R L Lowe Eds p 753Academic Press San Diego Calif USA 1996


[17] P V McCormick and R J Stevenson ldquoPeriphyton as a toolfor ecological assessment and management in the FloridaEvergladesrdquo Journal of Phycology vol 34 no 5 pp 726ndash7331998

[18] E E Gaiser D L Childers R D Jones J H Richards L JScinto and J C Trexler ldquoPeriphyton responses to eutrophica-tion in the Florida Everglades cross-system patterns of struc-tural and compositional changerdquo Limnology amp Oceanographyvol 51 no 1 pp 617ndash630 2006

[19] P SWelch LimnologicalMethodsMcGraw-Hill NewYorkNYUSA 1948

[20] APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water WasteWater American Public and Health Association AmericanWater Works Association and Water Environment Federation(WEF) 20th edition 1998

[21] J W Foerster and H E Schlichting Jr ldquoPhyco-periphyton in anoligotrophic lakerdquo Transactions of the American MicroscopicalSociety vol 84 no 4 pp 485ndash502 1965

[22] J B Lackey ldquoThe manipulation and counting of river planktonand changes in some organisms due to formalin preservationrdquoUS Public Health Reports vol 53 no 47 pp 2080ndash2093 1938

[23] G M Smith The Fresh-Water Algae of the United StatesMcGraw-Hill London UK 1950

[24] S L VanlandinghamGuide to Identification and EnvironmentalRequirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Blue-GreenAlgae (Cyanophyta) US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) 1982

[25] L A Whitford and G H Schmacher A Manual of FreshwaterAlgae Sparks Press Raeigh NC USA 1973

[26] B J F Biggs and C Kilroy Stream Periphyton MonitoringManual NIWA Christchurch New Zealand 2000

[27] A E Ogbeidu Biostatistics A Practical Approach to Researchand Data Handling Mindex Publishing Company LimitedBenin City Nigeria 2005

[28] D I Nwankwo The Microalgae Our Indispensable Allies inAquatic Montoring and Biodiversity Sustainability InauguralLecture Series University of Lagos Press 2004

[29] H T Odum ldquoTrophic structure and productivity of SilverSprings Floridardquo Ecological Monographs vol 27 pp 55ndash1121959

[30] D I Nwankwo andA Akinsoji ldquoEpiphyte community on waterhyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (MART SLOM) in coastal watersof southwestern Nigeriardquo Archiv fur Hydrobiologie vol 124 no4 pp 501ndash511 1992

[31] H B N Hynes The Biology of Polluted Waters LiverpoolUnibersity Press Liverpool UK 1960

[32] J Wilh and T C Dorris ldquoBiological parameters of waterqualityrdquo Bioscience vol 18 pp 477ndash481 1968

[33] D W Bowker and P Denny ldquoThe seasonal succession anddistribution of epiphytic algae in the phyllosphere of Lemnaminor LrdquoArchiv fur Hydrobiologie vol 90 no 1 pp 39ndash55 1980

[34] D I Nwankwo Seasonal changes of phytoplankton of Lagoslagoon and the adjacent sea in relation to environmental factors[PhD thesis] University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria 1984

[35] D I Nwankwo ldquoPhytoplankton of a sewage disposal site inLagos Lagoon Nigeriardquo The Journal of Biological Sciences vol1 no 2 pp 89ndash96 1986

[36] F E RoundTheBiology of Algae Edward Arnold London UK1965

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anatomy Research International

PeptidesInternational Journal of


Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom

International Journal of

Volume 2014

Zoology


Molecular Biology International

GenomicsInternational Journal of


The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


BioinformaticsAdvances in

Marine BiologyJournal of



Signal TransductionJournal of


BioMed Research International

Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of



Biochemistry Research International

ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


Genetics Research International


Advances in

Virolog y

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Nucleic AcidsJournal of

Volume 2014

Stem CellsInternational



Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Nigeria

(km)0 1 2 4

NPalaver IslandCreeksWater bodies

TownsvillagesEjirin (study area)Lagos State

Vegetation

Ijede

LangbasoBodore

Epe Lagoon

IkosiImode

Oribo Ojidolokun

100100

120 320 520 720 920 1120 1320

120 320 520 720 920 1120 1320

0 60 120 240 360 480

(km)

OceanGulf of Guinea

N

SEW

Palaver Island

Vegetation

Vegetation

Lagos State

Ejirin

Epe

minus100

minus300

minus500

minus700

minus100

minus300

minus500

minus700

Figure 1 Map of Epe Lagoon showing the study area at Ejirin

[14 15] and its usage as an important indicator of the health ofaquatic systems [16ndash18]These organisms are useful indicatorgroups for pollution bioassessment due to their sensitivity topollution Since the composition of periphyton communityon water hyacinth at Ejirin has not been assessed it is there-fore important to document its composition and abundancein relation to environmental characteristics This study willserve as a source of data background and information onwater quality and periphyton abundance and composition

11 Study Area The study site Ejirin (Figure 1) located(6∘8910158401015840N 3∘3810158401015840E) is part of Epe Lagoon freshwater andnontidal lagoon It is sandwiched between Lekki Lagoon tothe east and Lagos Lagoon to the west It experiences thesame hydroclimatic conditions as the rest of southwesternNigeria such that there are two main seasons (wet anddry) The littoral vegetation found there is dominantly Raffiapalm and some dotted mangrove while on surface watersome floating macrophyte like water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) dominates The people there are mainly artisanalfishermen sand miners and petty traders

2 Materials and Methods

21 Physicochemical Characteristics Water samples were col-lected on each trip between 0900 and 1300 and stored in250mL well labelled plastic bottles and transported to thelaboratory in an ice chest Surface water temperatures were

measured in situ using a mercury-in-glass thermometerand recorded to the nearest 01∘C Transparency was deter-mined using 20 cm white painted Secchi disc while pHvalues were measured using a Graffin digital pH meter Dis-solved oxygen concentration was determined by unmodifiedWinkler method [19] conductivity was assessed using themeter (Philips PW9505) and chemical oxygen demand andbiochemical oxygen demand values were determined usingthe method described in APHA [20] Reactive nitrogenreactive phosphorus sulphate and silicate were measured asdescribed by APHA [20] Rainfall data was obtained from theFederal Meteorological Department Oshodi Lagos

22 Determination of Periphyton Biomass Healthy plantswere carefully selected to ensure uniformity in size beforeputting each into plastic containers with 500mL of tap waterThe attached algae were removed mechanically by shakingvigorously in water as suggested by Foerster and Schlichting[21] and preserved in a well labelled plastic container with4 unbuffered formalin added to fix the periphyton sampleAnother 500mL container was filled with an unfixed samplefor chlorophyll 119886 analysis Chlorophyll 119886 was determined byfluorometric method as described by APHA [20]

23 Analysis of Biological Characteristics Periphyton sampleswere thoroughly investigated using CHA and CHB binocularmicroscope with a calibrated eye piece noting all fieldsCounting was done using a microtransect drop count and







119867119904=

119873 log119873 minus sum119875119894log119875119894

119873

(1)





119889 = 119878 minus

1

In119873 (2)




119903 = 1 minus [

6sum1198632

119899 (1198992minus 1)

] (3)



3 Result





Table2Speciesa

bund

ance

distrib

utionof

perip

hytonatEjirin

partof

EpeL

agoo

nfro

mDecem

ber2

012to

May

2013

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Cyano

phyta

ClassCy

anop

hyceae

Order

ICh

roococcales

Chroococcusm

ajor

2447

Chroococcusgardn

eri

2323

Chroococcuso

ccidentalis

28Ch

roococcusd

eltoids

51Ch

roococcusm

ediocris

3337

Chroococcusm

ipita

nensis

36Merism

opediapu

nctata

Meyen

721

Chlorella

subsalaLemm

14Ch

loroglo

eagardneri

23Cy

anothece

sp

14Gom

phosphaeria

sp

22Ap

hanocapsaconferta

4332

Anacystis

sp

14Ap

hanothecec

omasii

22Ap

hanothecev

ariabilis

8Order

IIN

ostocales

Anabaena

spB

oryex

Bornet

4218

3746

Order

IIIOscillatoriales

Lyngbyainterm

ediaAgardhex

Gom

ont

58179

147

201

187

Phormidium

articulatum

4234

Komvophoron

sp

18Ph

ylum

Eug

leno

phyta

ClassEu

glenop

hyceae

Order

IEu

glenales

Eugle

naoxyuris

varcharkowien

sis8

138

11Eu

glena

gracilisK

lebs

12Ph

acus

orbicularis

Hub

ner

14Ph

acus

caud

atus

Hub

ner

13Ph

acus

triqueter

13Trachelomonas

affinis(Lemm)

1212

Trachelomonas

ensiferaDaday

916

Trachelomonas

gibberosaPlayf

1313

Phylum

Bacillarioph

yta

ClassBa

cillario

phyceae

Order

ICentrales

Aulacoseira


172

41301

342

407

524

Aulacoseira

granulatev

arangustissim

afspira

lisOM

ull

181

101

309

498

587

651


ble2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Au

lacoseira

islandica

subspHelv

etica

OM

ull

9840

134

192

271

285

Aulacoseira

granulata(Ehr)

189

115

337

414

541

702

Aulacoseira

italica(Ehr)

1333

103

175

203

198

Hem

idiscus

cuneiform

is29

3521

Cyclo

tella

meneghinianaKu

tzexBr Oslash

7218

108

67Co

cconeis

pediculusE

hr

4862

4898

72Rh

izosolenialongise

ta12

11Rh

izosoleniahebetata

Bail

14Order

IIPennales

Eunotia

arcusE

hr

7237

2737

Diatomatenu

isBo

ry117

121

113

67Cy

mbella

ventric

osaAgardh

3121

2427

34SurirelladebesiTu

rpin

2427

Surirellarobu

stavarsplen

dida

21Surirellarobu

stavararmata

17Surirellalin

earis

Turpin

1947

3827

31Synedraacus

Ehr

2131

Synedraulna

varcontractaEh

r22

1821

38Staurosirellalep

tosta

uron

14Asterio

nella

form

osaHassall

21207

Gyrosig

mascalproidesH

assall

19Gy

rosig

maattenu

atum

Hassall

1613

Gom

phonem

aparvulum

Ehr

2117

2436

31Na

viculalanceolata

Bory

98Na

viculapupu

laKu


Com

pr

32Na

vicularadiosa

1928

52Na

viculamargalithii

2357

3837

Stauroneisanceps

27Nitzschiaacic

ularisKu

tz

5237


1828

27Nitzschiainterm

edia

3131

3454

4241


3132

3851

Nitzschiaclo

steriu

m31

32Nitzschiagracilis

3129

44Pinn


arm

inor

Kutz

2736

Pinn

ulariagibba

1731

Pseudosta

urosira

brevistria

ta11

AmphoraovalisKu

tz

4752

Epith

emiaargusv

arlongicornisGrun

3919

Epith

emiasorex

47Rh

opalodiaoperculata

(Ehr)Muller

21Ac

hnanthidium

lanceolatum

Kutz

2116

Achn

anthidium

linearis

Kutz

1227


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR


fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu


2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology







119867119904=

119873 log119873 minus sum119875119894log119875119894

119873

(1)





119889 = 119878 minus

1

In119873 (2)




119903 = 1 minus [

6sum1198632

119899 (1198992minus 1)

] (3)



3 Result





Table2Speciesa

bund

ance

distrib

utionof

perip

hytonatEjirin

partof

EpeL

agoo

nfro

mDecem

ber2

012to

May

2013

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Cyano

phyta

ClassCy

anop

hyceae

Order

ICh

roococcales

Chroococcusm

ajor

2447

Chroococcusgardn

eri

2323

Chroococcuso

ccidentalis

28Ch

roococcusd

eltoids

51Ch

roococcusm

ediocris

3337

Chroococcusm

ipita

nensis

36Merism

opediapu

nctata

Meyen

721

Chlorella

subsalaLemm

14Ch

loroglo

eagardneri

23Cy

anothece

sp

14Gom

phosphaeria

sp

22Ap

hanocapsaconferta

4332

Anacystis

sp

14Ap

hanothecec

omasii

22Ap

hanothecev

ariabilis

8Order

IIN

ostocales

Anabaena

spB

oryex

Bornet

4218

3746

Order

IIIOscillatoriales

Lyngbyainterm

ediaAgardhex

Gom

ont

58179

147

201

187

Phormidium

articulatum

4234

Komvophoron

sp

18Ph

ylum

Eug

leno

phyta

ClassEu

glenop

hyceae

Order

IEu

glenales

Eugle

naoxyuris

varcharkowien

sis8

138

11Eu

glena

gracilisK

lebs

12Ph

acus

orbicularis

Hub

ner

14Ph

acus

caud

atus

Hub

ner

13Ph

acus

triqueter

13Trachelomonas

affinis(Lemm)

1212

Trachelomonas

ensiferaDaday

916

Trachelomonas

gibberosaPlayf

1313

Phylum

Bacillarioph

yta

ClassBa

cillario

phyceae

Order

ICentrales

Aulacoseira


172

41301

342

407

524

Aulacoseira

granulatev

arangustissim

afspira

lisOM

ull

181

101

309

498

587

651


ble2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Au

lacoseira

islandica

subspHelv

etica

OM

ull

9840

134

192

271

285

Aulacoseira

granulata(Ehr)

189

115

337

414

541

702

Aulacoseira

italica(Ehr)

1333

103

175

203

198

Hem

idiscus

cuneiform

is29

3521

Cyclo

tella

meneghinianaKu

tzexBr Oslash

7218

108

67Co

cconeis

pediculusE

hr

4862

4898

72Rh

izosolenialongise

ta12

11Rh

izosoleniahebetata

Bail

14Order

IIPennales

Eunotia

arcusE

hr

7237

2737

Diatomatenu

isBo

ry117

121

113

67Cy

mbella

ventric

osaAgardh

3121

2427

34SurirelladebesiTu

rpin

2427

Surirellarobu

stavarsplen

dida

21Surirellarobu

stavararmata

17Surirellalin

earis

Turpin

1947

3827

31Synedraacus

Ehr

2131

Synedraulna

varcontractaEh

r22

1821

38Staurosirellalep

tosta

uron

14Asterio

nella

form

osaHassall

21207

Gyrosig

mascalproidesH

assall

19Gy

rosig

maattenu

atum

Hassall

1613

Gom

phonem

aparvulum

Ehr

2117

2436

31Na

viculalanceolata

Bory

98Na

viculapupu

laKu


Com

pr

32Na

vicularadiosa

1928

52Na

viculamargalithii

2357

3837

Stauroneisanceps

27Nitzschiaacic

ularisKu

tz

5237


1828

27Nitzschiainterm

edia

3131

3454

4241


3132

3851

Nitzschiaclo

steriu

m31

32Nitzschiagracilis

3129

44Pinn


arm

inor

Kutz

2736

Pinn

ulariagibba

1731

Pseudosta

urosira

brevistria

ta11

AmphoraovalisKu

tz

4752

Epith

emiaargusv

arlongicornisGrun

3919

Epith

emiasorex

47Rh

opalodiaoperculata

(Ehr)Muller

21Ac

hnanthidium

lanceolatum

Kutz

2116

Achn

anthidium

linearis

Kutz

1227


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR


fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu


2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table2Speciesa

bund

ance

distrib

utionof

perip

hytonatEjirin

partof

EpeL

agoo

nfro

mDecem

ber2

012to

May

2013

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Cyano

phyta

ClassCy

anop

hyceae

Order

ICh

roococcales

Chroococcusm

ajor

2447

Chroococcusgardn

eri

2323

Chroococcuso

ccidentalis

28Ch

roococcusd

eltoids

51Ch

roococcusm

ediocris

3337

Chroococcusm

ipita

nensis

36Merism

opediapu

nctata

Meyen

721

Chlorella

subsalaLemm

14Ch

loroglo

eagardneri

23Cy

anothece

sp

14Gom

phosphaeria

sp

22Ap

hanocapsaconferta

4332

Anacystis

sp

14Ap

hanothecec

omasii

22Ap

hanothecev

ariabilis

8Order

IIN

ostocales

Anabaena

spB

oryex

Bornet

4218

3746

Order

IIIOscillatoriales

Lyngbyainterm

ediaAgardhex

Gom

ont

58179

147

201

187

Phormidium

articulatum

4234

Komvophoron

sp

18Ph

ylum

Eug

leno

phyta

ClassEu

glenop

hyceae

Order

IEu

glenales

Eugle

naoxyuris

varcharkowien

sis8

138

11Eu

glena

gracilisK

lebs

12Ph

acus

orbicularis

Hub

ner

14Ph

acus

caud

atus

Hub

ner

13Ph

acus

triqueter

13Trachelomonas

affinis(Lemm)

1212

Trachelomonas

ensiferaDaday

916

Trachelomonas

gibberosaPlayf

1313

Phylum

Bacillarioph

yta

ClassBa

cillario

phyceae

Order

ICentrales

Aulacoseira


172

41301

342

407

524

Aulacoseira

granulatev

arangustissim

afspira

lisOM

ull

181

101

309

498

587

651


ble2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Au

lacoseira

islandica

subspHelv

etica

OM

ull

9840

134

192

271

285

Aulacoseira

granulata(Ehr)

189

115

337

414

541

702

Aulacoseira

italica(Ehr)

1333

103

175

203

198

Hem

idiscus

cuneiform

is29

3521

Cyclo

tella

meneghinianaKu

tzexBr Oslash

7218

108

67Co

cconeis

pediculusE

hr

4862

4898

72Rh

izosolenialongise

ta12

11Rh

izosoleniahebetata

Bail

14Order

IIPennales

Eunotia

arcusE

hr

7237

2737

Diatomatenu

isBo

ry117

121

113

67Cy

mbella

ventric

osaAgardh

3121

2427

34SurirelladebesiTu

rpin

2427

Surirellarobu

stavarsplen

dida

21Surirellarobu

stavararmata

17Surirellalin

earis

Turpin

1947

3827

31Synedraacus

Ehr

2131

Synedraulna

varcontractaEh

r22

1821

38Staurosirellalep

tosta

uron

14Asterio

nella

form

osaHassall

21207

Gyrosig

mascalproidesH

assall

19Gy

rosig

maattenu

atum

Hassall

1613

Gom

phonem

aparvulum

Ehr

2117

2436

31Na

viculalanceolata

Bory

98Na

viculapupu

laKu


Com

pr

32Na

vicularadiosa

1928

52Na

viculamargalithii

2357

3837

Stauroneisanceps

27Nitzschiaacic

ularisKu

tz

5237


1828

27Nitzschiainterm

edia

3131

3454

4241


3132

3851

Nitzschiaclo

steriu

m31

32Nitzschiagracilis

3129

44Pinn


arm

inor

Kutz

2736

Pinn

ulariagibba

1731

Pseudosta

urosira

brevistria

ta11

AmphoraovalisKu

tz

4752

Epith

emiaargusv

arlongicornisGrun

3919

Epith

emiasorex

47Rh

opalodiaoperculata

(Ehr)Muller

21Ac

hnanthidium

lanceolatum

Kutz

2116

Achn

anthidium

linearis

Kutz

1227


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR


fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu


2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


ble2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Au

lacoseira

islandica

subspHelv

etica

OM

ull

9840

134

192

271

285

Aulacoseira

granulata(Ehr)

189

115

337

414

541

702

Aulacoseira

italica(Ehr)

1333

103

175

203

198

Hem

idiscus

cuneiform

is29

3521

Cyclo

tella

meneghinianaKu

tzexBr Oslash

7218

108

67Co

cconeis

pediculusE

hr

4862

4898

72Rh

izosolenialongise

ta12

11Rh

izosoleniahebetata

Bail

14Order

IIPennales

Eunotia

arcusE

hr

7237

2737

Diatomatenu

isBo

ry117

121

113

67Cy

mbella

ventric

osaAgardh

3121

2427

34SurirelladebesiTu

rpin

2427

Surirellarobu

stavarsplen

dida

21Surirellarobu

stavararmata

17Surirellalin

earis

Turpin

1947

3827

31Synedraacus

Ehr

2131

Synedraulna

varcontractaEh

r22

1821

38Staurosirellalep

tosta

uron

14Asterio

nella

form

osaHassall

21207

Gyrosig

mascalproidesH

assall

19Gy

rosig

maattenu

atum

Hassall

1613

Gom

phonem

aparvulum

Ehr

2117

2436

31Na

viculalanceolata

Bory

98Na

viculapupu

laKu


Com

pr

32Na

vicularadiosa

1928

52Na

viculamargalithii

2357

3837

Stauroneisanceps

27Nitzschiaacic

ularisKu

tz

5237


1828

27Nitzschiainterm

edia

3131

3454

4241


3132

3851

Nitzschiaclo

steriu

m31

32Nitzschiagracilis

3129

44Pinn


arm

inor

Kutz

2736

Pinn

ulariagibba

1731

Pseudosta

urosira

brevistria

ta11

AmphoraovalisKu

tz

4752

Epith

emiaargusv

arlongicornisGrun

3919

Epith

emiasorex

47Rh

opalodiaoperculata

(Ehr)Muller

21Ac

hnanthidium

lanceolatum

Kutz

2116

Achn

anthidium

linearis

Kutz

1227


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR


fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu


2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table2Con

tinued

Perip

hytontaxa

Decem

ber

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Janu

ary

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)February

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)March

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ap

ril(C

ellsm

Lminus1

)May

(Cellsm

Lminus1

)Ph

ylum

Chlorop

hyta

ClassCh

loroph

yceae

Order

ICh

lorococcales

Ankistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarmira

bilis

Westflongiseta

Nygaard

29An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfsvarspirilliform

isWest

32An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR

alfs

18An

kistrodesmus

falca

tusR


fbrevisNygaard

22An

kistrodesmus

gracilisC

orda

21An

kistrodesmus

braianus

24Scenedesmus

armatus

Chod

at19

2311

13Scenedesmus

perfo

ratesM

eyen

31Scenedesmus

dispar

fcanobe

2-cellu

laire

1114

1222

Scenedesmus

quadric

auda

1119

17Ac

tinastru

mHantzschiiL

agerheim

11Kirchn

eriellaspSchmidle

7Tetra

strum

stauroeniaeform

e16

Tetra

strum

heteracanthu

mfepinep

arcellu

le14

13Selen

astru

mgracile

Reinsch

13Pediastru

msim

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mdu

plex

Meyen

17Pediastru

mbiradiatum

varlongico

rnutum

16Pediastru

mtetra

sRalfs

1711

Qua

drigulaclo

sterio

ides

11Crucigeniatetra

pedia(K

irch)W

estetG

S

1417

Crucigeniaminim

aBrun

nthaler

1416

Order

IIZ

ygnematales

Spiro

gyra

spLink

37

Closteriu


2226

Closteriu

mjen

neriRa

lfs21

Closteriu

mparvulum

Nag

32Staurastrum

pingue

Meyen

exRa

lfs19

18Stau

rastrum

cyclo

canthu

mvarub

acanthum

vuea

picale

2113

Staurodesm

usdickiei

varmaxim

us14

Cosm

arium

spC

orda

exRa

lfs13

Cosm

arium

scottii

18Co

smarium

trachypleu

rum

12Co

smarium

sinostegosv

arobstusiu

s7

Totalspecies

diversity

(119878)

2426

2363

4149

Totalspecies

abun

dance

1169

738

2009

3490

3363

3767






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology






119904le 147 (Table 4)

4 Discussion














119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology




119904) 117 128 115 147 126 127








Acknowledgments


References













































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology





























Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

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