VOL. XL NO. 36 PAGES 32 NEW DELHI 5 - 11 DECEMBER 2015 ` 8.00

JOB CREATION-A KEY TO INDIA'S SUSTAINABLE GROWTHK R Sudhaman

P rime Minister Narendra Modiannounced from the ramparts of

Red Fort on the independence daythat the two mantras of his govern-ment's economic strategy would bejob creation and tackling farmers'woes. In a country, where 10-12 mil-lion enter job market every year, nogovernment can ignore this fact andrightly Mr. Modi from the day heassumed office in May 2014, hasbeen laying emphasis on job cre-ation. This is all the more importantas 65 per cent of the vast 1.25 billionpopulation in the country are belowthe age of 35.If India were to cash-in on this demo-graphic dividend, it needed to give afillip to labour intensive technology,infrastructure and micro, small andmedium enterprises. The Make-in-India campaign, the Digital India cou-pled with Skill India launched by Mr.Modi is aimed at creating the muchneeded employment in the country.

The Make in India campaignlaunched last year is aimed at Indiabecoming a global manufacturinghub, particularly that of labour-inten-sive production like textiles, garmentsand small and medium enterprises.Small and Medium Enterprises(SME) sector accounted for nearly 40per cent of India's GDP and 45 percent of exports. Sectors like hand-

looms, handicrafts too had hugepotential for job creation apart from ITand IT enabled services.

But if these sectors were to flour-ish, the youth should possess neces-sary skills so as to be absorbed in forproduction activity. The educationprovided by many of our schools andcolleges do not make them employableand hence required to be skilled. It isprecisely for this reason Mr. Modi haddecided to lay emphasis on skill devel-opment. The target is to provide skilldevelopment to at least 500 millionpeople in 5-10 years, which is nearlyhalf the population.

The government has also made itclear that here on all public and pri-vate investments that required its

clearance or assistance, will have tomake a commitment on the numberof jobs that the investment would cre-ate. Mr. Modi followed it up with ameeting with Indian businessmen inOctober last, in which he emphasizedthe need for pushing investment inprivate sector and job creation wouldbe the thrust of such investments. Henudged the businessmen to invest inlabour-intensive areas that includedtextiles. Government's decision toencourage electronics industry in thecountry is also expected to boost jobcreation. Government proposed toencourage $400 billion in electronics,IT software and hardware, mobilemanufacture and so on. His visits toMiddle East, US, UK, Japan,

Canada, France, South Korea,Germany, China and more recentlyto South East Asia have set the stagefor attracting more foreign invest-ment into India.

At the moment India is the onlyattractive investment destination withgrowth slowing down in manyadvanced countries. The growth hasslowed down in China as well. Withlittle growth potential in advancednations, the large global companiessee opportunity only in India forinvestment with ever growing middleclass and young population. India isthe only country that can witnessconsumer demand pick up in thecoming years and decades.

This is also the time when Indiacould step up infrastructure develop-ment. India had huge infrastructuredeficit and with global commodityprices of crude oil, steel, coal,cement and other materials falling,investment in infrastructure will yieldbetter outcome with costs comingdown. This will also push up jobs inconstruction industry.

The Indian Railways is investingover Rs one lakh crore this financialyear and propose to invest Rs 8.5lakh crore in modernisation of rail-ways in the next five years. Thiswould create substantial jobs besides

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PREPARING ETHICS (GS-IV) PAPER FOR CIVILSERVICES (MAIN)-2015: THE WAY FORWARD

T he final test of preparations for any competitive exam-ination lies in scoring high marks in order to ensure

success. The syllabus of the Civil Services (Main) exam-ination being so vast, there has to be a winning strategyfor a candidate during the last leg of its preparations.Marks scored in the four General Studies (GS) papers ,together with the Essay paper will decide the selectionin the main examination. Of these, GS Papers I , II and III,which deal with subjects like History, Culture, Geography,Polity, International Relations, Economics, Science &Technology andInternal Security offercertain limitations interms of scoring highmarks. First, each ofthese GS papers hasbeen made amor-phous in terms oftheir syllabus. Inother words, in onepaper, more than onediscipline has beenmixed. For example,in GS paper-I, youhave History,Geography , Cultureand Indian society all packed into one. Similarly GSpaper-II is a mixture of Polity, Governance, InternationalRelations, and Social issues. GS paper-III has threeareas viz; Economy, Science & Technology, InternalSecurity and Disaster Management. This amorphousnature of these GS papers has resulted in severe limita-tions on balanced preparations. Therefore, scoring high

marks in these papers i.e. Paper I, II and III is a dauntingtask.

On the other hand, the syllabus of the Ethics paperwhich is GS-IV in the main examination, is not amor-phous. It is not a mixture of various areas like GS I, II andIII. Ethics paper means Ethics only. So it lends itself to amuch better preparation due to its single subject specificsyllabus. Secondly, this paper is not based on facts andfigures. It is a completely analytical paper and very gen-eral questions need to be answered from daily experi-

ences. Although there is asyllabus, the ethics paperdoes not require an aca-demic pursuit of the givensyllabus. Only generalcontours should be knownand commonsensicalanswers should be writtenin the exam. Text booktype knowledge will nothelp at all to answer theethics questions. This iswhy most of the books andother materials whichattempt to cover the syl-labus in narrow, definitive

terms have miserably failed to help the candidates. Thelittle known fact about the ethics syllabus is that the ques-tions do not require so much of textual knowledge of thetopic, but their contextual knowledge. The answers tomost of the questions will come from your life experiences,wider general readings and not from some text books. In

Continued on page 32

S.B. Singh

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fact , the questions require your ownperspective , not someone else's.Most of the questions relate to themoral universe to which we ashumans are supposed to inhabit inaddition to the physical universewhich we occupy.

Therefore, while attempting theethics paper in the main examination,one need not go with a text book per-spective but a down to earth, com-monsensical perspective. Whileanswering the questions, the follow-ing things must be kept in mind:

I. Always fit in words like integrity,compassion, objectivity, impartialityetc in your answer because it is anethics paper. In other words, youranswers should be around theseterms.

II. Always quote some great thinkeror leader if that fits into the answer.Like for example, Gandhi's famousquote "there is enough for our needbut not for our greed" or "charitybegins at home" etc.

III. If possible, give examples fromsome experience you have yourselfgone through in your life.

IV. Always try and relate youranswer to find a solution to the moral,ethical crisis in our personal lives, inadministration or in environment orbusiness or similar other topicsbecause questions will be aroundthese issues only.

CASE STUDIES IN ETHICSPAPER

Apart from answering questionsset from the syllabus, you have alsoto write some case studies and sug-gest solutions to the problems raised

in the case studies. The purpose ofthe case study is to test your ability tounderstand situations of administra-tive, moral or ethical dilemmas andwork out a pragmatic solution. Thecase studies asked in the last twoyears main examination clearlyestablish the fact that they are not toocomplicated to resolve. UPSCknows quite well that a student is notin a real position of power or authori-ty to solve the case. Therefore, theexpectation from the case study is tounderstand it in simple terms andoffer simple workable solutions.However, more than the solution it isthe structure of the answer to a casestudy that holds significance.Answering a case study is not akin toanswering a GS question. Therefore,the format has to be entirely differentfor answering a case study. I suggestthe following steps to answer a casestudy in the best possible way:Step I: Read the case study at leasttwice to understand what it is basical-ly about. In a given case study, manyfacts will be included, however, not allof them will be relevant from the pointof view of finding a solution. Step II: Write down the major factsthat have emerged from your carefulreading of the case. Impress upon theexaminer this way that you have thecapacity to pinpoint the facts present-ed in the case.Step III: Locate the key points in thecase study which will emerge fromexamining the gathered facts aboutthe case. These key points will leadto finding the solution.Step IV: Work out a solution to thecase on the basis of the followingprinciples-*Is your solution a workable solutionor a theoretical one? Go for the work-

able solution.* Is the solution within your sphere ofauthority or not. In other words, are youthe authority to decide the matter or itlies with other authorities to solve it?* Your call of duty. Is the case askingyou to perform a duty enjoined on youdue to a particular position you occu-py?*Is your solution within laws, rulesand regulations?* What are the possible conse-quences of the solution? Will thedecision lead to positive conse-quences or create more problemsthan it will solve?Step V: If the case has not offeredvarious options to choose from, thenyou have to just write your singlesolution and not giving multiple solu-tions on your own.Step VI: If the case itself has offeredsome options and then asks you tochoose the option, then you maychoose one or more options by ana-lyzing all the options and your reasonfor choosing one or more options. Ifgiven a choice and freedom to do so,you may also suggest your ownoptions beyond the given options. Ifyou do not agree with any of the optionssuggested in the case, you can rejectthem all citing your reasons and thengive your own option.

The solution you have offered mustreflect the following aspects of yourpersonality.1. That you can provide positive

solutions in situations of dilem-mas.

2. That your solution is quick toimplement.

3. That your solution is well withinrules and regulations withinwhich you are supposed to func-tion.

4. That you can provide 'out of box'solutions to complex situations.

5. That you will hold values ofintegrity, objectivity, impartiality inyour solution.

6. That you will show compassion,empathy in deserving cases.

7. That you possess a high senseof public duty, that you are com-mitted to public service.

8. That you hold the core founda-tional values of Civil Services.

Having suggested this let me drawthe attention towards a common mis-take many candidates are prone tocommit in writing a case studyanswer. While offering their solution,they exceed the brief given in thecase study and offer solutions whichare not solicited in the case study.Many candidates offer some longterm solution to the issue which is notmentioned in the case study. Alwaysremember that your job is to solve thecase in the context of the given casestudy and not offer unsolicited solu-tions and suggestions. Though thosesolutions and suggestions may becorrect, but they are not appropriatein the given case study.

Finally, it is always better to writethe case studies first and then take upgeneral questions in the ethics paper.Case studies will require a freshmind, a lot of thinking and preparingthe sketch work before actually writ-ing them. If you take them up in thelast minutes, you will not be able toconcentrate well on finding the solu-tion. A case study cannot beanswered in a hurry at all.

(S.B. Singh is an academician andIAS mentor. He can be reached at email: sb_singh2003@yahoo.com)

PREPARING ETHICS ...Continued from page 1

creating much needed rail infrastruc-ture.

Government proposed to invest $1trillion in infrastructure development inthe next five years. These investmentsin ports, airports, highways, rural roads,housing, telecom and power will notonly kick-start the sagging economybut also create employment. The pro-posal to create 100 smart cities in thecountry, promotion of industrial clustersand food parks in the country too wouldgenerate additional employment.

The emphasis on renewable energyand raising the target of solar powergeneration to one lakh Mw and windpower to 60,000 Mw in the next fiveyears entailing investment of $150 bil-lion. Both solar and wind power gener-ation is labour intensive particularly atthe time of installation. Off grid applica-tions are spread all over the country.

If India were to shine and growth tobecome inclusive, rural India compris-

ing six lakh villages will have to devel-op. The fruit of development has to per-colate down to village level. This willhappen only if there are jobs in smalltowns. In this context, government'sproposal to encourage industrial clus-ters will help.

Urban development initiatives -AMRUT, Smart Cities Mission andHousing for all unveiled by Mr. Modirecently are expected to help createadditional 34 lakh jobs. The initiative tobuild 100 smart cities across the coun-try is a "decisive step" and will create asignificant multiplier effect for over 250crore and ancillary sectors includinginfrastructure, logistics and modernretail, according to ASSOCHAMPresident Rana Kapoor.

Weak external demand meant pickup in labour-intensive sectors like tex-tiles and gems and jewellery thatdepend on exports for growth will notsee a pick up in the near term. The gov-ernment, therefore, would have tofocus on newer areas like food pro-cessing, urban and rural infrastructure,highway development for job creation.

That is precisely what the governmenthas proposed to do in the comingmonths.

The kick-starting of stalled projectsis another area, which is receivinggreat attention. At one point of timethere were Rs 18 lakh crore worth ofstalled projects. The previous govern-ment cleared Rs six lakh crore of proj-ects and the present government hascleared close to that amount in the lastone and half years.

There is opportunity for the economyto attain a new high but this requiresgiving a big push to economic reformsto take advantage of foreign investorsqueuing up to invest in India. The roll-out of, Goods and Services tax, a gamechanging indirect tax reform will pushIndia's GDP by 1.5-2 per cent by creat-ing free movement of goods and serv-ices in the country besides a uniformtax rate. Also ease of doing business,stability in tax laws are some theissues, which are a source of irritationto foreign investors. Government hasalready taking steps to improve ease ofdoing business by simplifying rules and

states have started competing witheach other to promote single windowclearance to attract foreign investment.All these augur well for the economyand it has to be a constant endeavourto improve the situation on the ground,which government and states havestarted working on. The business confi-dence is returning, the feel good factoramong foreign investors is visible butthe government needs to hastenreforms to fully win back the trust ofinvestors. India is set to achieve eco-nomic growth rate between 7.5-8 percent this year. The improvement in theease of doing business coupled withroll-out of GST will push the growth rateto 9-10 per cent, which will be close toIndia's growth potential. Also with infla-tion moderating, fiscal deficit and cur-rent account deficit under control, surg-ing foreign exchange reserves andfalling interest rates, the investmentwould pick up with consumer demandsurging in the country. The economicprospects can only improve. (The author is a senior business journalist. Email: sudhaman23@yahoo.co.uk)

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Government of IndiaMinistry of Finance

Department of RevenueCorrigendum

In continuation to the advertisementpublished in Employment News (11-17 October, 2014), for the post ofAdministrative Officer in theIncome Tax Settlement Commi-ssion, revised vacancy circular maybe seen in the website: http://www.dor.gov.in. Last date for receiptapplication will be 45 days from thedate of publishing the corrigendumin Employment News. The candi-dates who had applied in responseto the above advertisement need notapply again.davp 15301/11/0030/151636/55/Central Government/Other/Other/Other/Other/Delhi

Government of India

Ministry of FinanceDepartment of Revenue

Corrigendum In continuation to the advertisement pub-lished in Employment News (31January-6 Februrary, 2015), for filling upthe post of Administrative Officer inthe Customs, Central Excise and ServiceTax Settlement Commission on deputa-tion basis, revised vacancy circular maybe seen in the website: http://www.dor.gov.in. Last date for receipt of appli-cation will be 45 days from the date ofpublishing the corrigendum inEmployment News. The candidates whohad applied in response to the earlieradvertisement need not apply again.davp 15301/11/0031/151636/56/Central Government/ Other/Other/ Other/Other/Delhi