jntu petroelum engineering syllabus

Petroleum Engineering 1

ACADEMIC REGULATIONSCOURSE STRUCTURE

ANDDETAILED SYLLABUS

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

ForB.TECH. FOUR YEAR DEGREE COURSE(Applicable for the batches admitted from 2010-2011)

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADAKAKINADA - 533 003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

2 2010-2011

Academic Regulations 2010 for B. Tech. (Regular)(Effective for the students admitted in to I year from the AcademicYear 2010-2011 and onwards)

1. Award of B.Tech. Degree

A student will be declared eligible for the award of the B. Tech.Degree if he fulfills the following academic regulations.

(a) Pursued a course of study for not less than four academic yearsand not more than eight academic years. However, the studentis permitted to write Supplementary examinations for two moreyears, giving a facility to the student to complete the Degreewithin 10 academic years.

(b) For the award of a degree, candidate has to register for 208credits and secure 200 credits with compulsory subjects:(compulsory subjects are: all Laboratories and Project work, i.e.the student shall pass all laboratory examinations and projectwork)

2. Students, who fail to complete their Four years Course of studywithin Eight years or fail to acquire the 200 Credits for the award ofthe degree within ten academic years from the year of their admission,shall forfeit their seat in B. Tech course and their admission shallstand cancelled.

3. Courses of study

The following courses of study are offered at present for specializationin the B.Tech. Course.

S. No. Branch BranchCodeAbbreviation

01 01-CE Civil Engineering02 02-EEE Electrical and Electronics Engineering03 03-ME Mechanical Engineering04 04-ECE Electronics and Communication Engineering05 05-CSE Computer Science Engineering


06 08-CHEM Chemical Engineering07 10-EIE Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering08 11-BME Bio – Medical Engineering09 12-IT Information Technology10 19-ECom.E Electronics and Computer Engineering11 21-AE Aeronautical Engineering12 23-BT Bio – Technology13 24-AME Auto Mobile Engineering14 25-PCE Petrochemical Engineering15 26-MM Mining16 27-PT Petroleum Technology / Petroleum Engineering17. 31-MtE Metallurgical Engineering

And any other course as approved by the authorities of the Universityfrom time to time.

4. Distribution and Weightage of Marks

(i) The performance of a student in each semester shall be evaluatedsubject – wise with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 75marks for practical subject. The project work shall be evaluatedfor 200 marks.

(ii) For theory subjects the distribution shall be 25 marks for InternalEvaluation and 75 marks for the End - Examinations.

(iii) Out of 25 internal marks – 15 marks are assigned for subjectiveexam, 10 marks for objective “On Line” exam.

(iv.) For theory subjects, during the semester there shall be 2 tests.Each test consists of 20 minutes duration objective “On Line”exam for 10 marks and 120 minutes duration subjective examfor 40 marks. The Objective exam marks for 10 and subjectiveexam marks scaled for 15 to be added to get test marks for 25The best of the two tests will be taken for internal marks. Thefirst test to be conducted in 1-4 units and second test in 5-8 unitsof each semester.

Each Objective question paper shall contain 20 objective typequestions for 10 marks. This examination is conducted “on line”

4 2010-2011

to train the student for on line examinations such as GRE, GMATetc.

Each subjective type test question paper shall contain 4 questionsand all questions need to be answered. The subjective typequestion paper should be for 40 marks.

(v.) For practical subjects there shall be continuous evaluation duringthe semester for 25 marks for internal exam and 50 marks forsemester end examination. Of the 25 marks for internal, 15 marksshall be awarded as follows: day to day work 10 and Record-5,and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting an internal laboratorytest. The end examination shall be conducted by the teacherconcerned and external examiner.

(vi.) For the subject having design and / or drawing, (such asEngineering Graphics, Engineering Drawing, Machine Drawing)and estimation, the distribution shall be 25 marks for internalevaluation ( 15 marks for day – to – day work, and 10 marks forinternal tests) and 75 marks for end examination. There shall betwo internal tests in a Semester and the better of the two shallbe considered for the award of marks for internal tests.

(vii.) Out of a total of 200 marks for the project work, 50 marks shallbe for Internal Evaluation and 150 marks for the End SemesterExamination. The End Semester Examination (Viva – Voce) shallbe conducted by the committee. The committee consists of anexternal examiner, Head of the Department and Supervisor ofthe Project. The evaluation of project work shall be conductedat the end of the IV year. The Internal Evaluation shall be on thebasis of two seminars given by each student on the topic of hisproject and evaluated by an internal committee.

(viii) Laboratory marks and the internal marks awarded by the Collegeare not final. The marks are subject to scrutiny and scaling bythe University wherever felt desirable. The internal and laboratorymarks awarded by the College will be referred to a Committee.The Committee shall arrive at scaling factor and the marks willbe scaled as per the scaling factor. The recommendations of the


Committee are final and binding. The laboratory records andinternal test papers shall be preserved in the respectivedepartments as per the University norms and shall be producedto the Committees of the University as and when they ask for.

5. Attendance Requirements:

(i.) A student shall be eligible to appear for University examinationsif he acquires a minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate ofall the subjects.

(ii.) Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10%(65% and above and below 75%) in each semester for genuinereasons and shall be approved by a committee duly appointed bythe college. The condonation approved or otherwise can bereviewed by the University.

(iii.) A Student will not be promoted to the next semester unless hesatisfies the attendance requirement of the present semester.They may seek re-admission for that semester when offerednext.

(iv.) Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall inNO case be condoned.

(v.) Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned in anysemester are not eligible to take their end examination of thatclass and their registration shall stand cancelled.

(vi.) A fee stipulated by the university shall be payable towardscondonation of shortage of attendance.

6. Minimum Academic Requirements:

The following academic requirements have to be satisfied in additionto the attendance requirements mentioned in item No. 5.

(i.) A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the minimumacademic requirements and earned the credits allotted to eachtheory or practical, design or drawing subject or project if hesecures not less than 35% of marks in the end examination anda minimum of 40% of marks in the sum total of the internalevaluation and end examination taken together.

6 2010-2011

(ii.) A student will be promoted to second year, if he put up theminimum attendance requirement.

(iii.) A student shall be promoted from II to III year only if he fulfillsthe academic requirement of total 48 credits from regular andsupplementary examinations of I year and II year examinations,irrespective of whether the candidate takes the examination ornot.

(iv.) A student shall be promoted from third year to fourth year onlyif he fulfills the academic requirements of total 76 credits fromregular and supplementary examinations of I Year, II Year andIII Year examinations, irrespective of whether the candidate takesthe examinations or not.

(v.) A student shall register and put up minimum attendance in all208 credits and earn at least 200 credits. Marks obtained in thebest of 200 credits shall be considered for the calculation ofpercentage of marks.

(vii.) Students, who fail to complete their Four year Course study withinEight years or fail to acquire the 200 Credits for the award ofthe degree within ten academic years from the year of theiradmission, shall forfeit their seat in B. Tech course and theiradmission shall stand cancelled.

7. Course pattern:

(i.) The entire course of study is of four academic years and eachyear will have TWO Semesters (Total EIGHT Semesters).

(ii.) A student eligible to appear for the end examination in a subject,but absent for it or has failed in the end examinations may appearfor that subject’s supplementary examinations, when offered.

(iii.) When a student is detained due to lack of credits / shortage ofattendance, he may be re-admitted when the semester is offeredafter fulfillment of academic regulations. Whereas the academicregulations hold good with the regulations he/she first admitted.


8. Award of Class:

After having satisfied the requirements prescribed for the completionof the program, the student shall be eligible for the award of B. TechDegree and shall be placed in one of the following grades:

Class Graded % of marks to be secured

E 40% to < 50%D 50% to < 60%C 60% to < 70 %B 70 % to < 80 %A 80 % to < 90%O 90 and above

(The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shownseparately in the marks memorandum)

9. Minimum Instruction Days:

The minimum instruction days for each semester shall be 95 clearinstruction days.

10. There shall be no branch transfer after the completion of admissionprocess.

11. There shall be no transfer within the Constituent Colleges.

12. General:

(i.) Where the words ‘’he’’ ‘’him’’ ‘’his’’, occur in the regulations,they include ‘’she’’, ’’her’’, ’’hers’’.

(ii.) The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the purposeof any interpretation.

(iii.) In the case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of theabove rules, the decision of the Vice – Chancellor is final.

(iv.) The University may change or amend the academic regulationsor syllabi at any time and the changes or amendments madeshall be applicable to all the students with effect from the datesnotified by the University.

From theaggregate

marks securedfrom the best200 Credits.

8 2010-2011

Academic Regulations 2010 for B. Tech. (Lateral EntryScheme)

(Effective for the students getting admitted into II year from theAcademic Year 2011- 2012 and onwards)

1. Award of B. Tech. Degree

A student will be declared eligible for the award of the B. Tech.Degree if he fulfills the following academic regulations.

(a.) Pursued a course of study for not less than three academic yearsand not more than six academic years. However, the student ispermitted to write Supplementary examinations for two moreyears, giving a facility to the student to complete the Degreewithin 8 academic years.

(b.) For the award of a degree, candidate has to register for 170credits and secure 162 credits with compulsory subjects:(compulsory subjects are: all Laboratories and Project work, i.e.,the students i.e. the student shall pass all laboratory examinationsand project work.

2. Students, who fail to complete their three year Course of studywithin six years or fail to acquire the 162 Credits for the award of thedegree within 8 academic years from the year of their admission,shall forfeit their seat in B. Tech course and their admission shallstand cancelled.

3. Promotion Rule:

(a.) A lateral entry student will be promoted from II year to III yearif he puts up the minimum required attendance in II year.

(b.) A student shall be promoted from third year to fourth only if hefulfills the academic requirements of 56 credits from the II Yearand III Year examinations, whether the candidate takes theexaminations or not.

4. Award of Class:

After having satisfied the requirements prescribed for the completionof the program, the student shall be eligible for the award of B. Tech


Degree and shall be placed in one of the following grades:

Class Graded % of marks to be secured

E 40% to < 50%D 50% to < 60%C 60% to < 70 %B 70 % to < 80 %A 80 % to < 90%O 90 and above

(The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shownseparately in the marks memorandum)

5. All other regulations as applicable for B. Tech. Four- year degreecourse (Regular) will hold good for B.Tech. (Lateral EntryScheme)

From theaggregate

marks securedfrom the best162 Credits.

10 2010-2011

DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR MALPRACTICES /IMPROPER CONDUCT IN EXAMINATIONSNature of Malpractices/Improperconduct

1 (a) If the candidate possesses or keepsaccessible in examination hall, anypaper, note book, programmablecalculators, Cell phones, pager,palm computers or any other formof material concerned with or relatedto the subject of the examination(theory or practical) in which he isappearing but has not made use of(material shall include any marks onthe body of the candidate which canbe used as an aid in the subjectof the examination)

(b) If the candidate gives assistance orguidance or receives it from anyother candidate orally or by anyother body language methods orcommunicates through cell phoneswith any candidate or persons in oroutside the exam hall in respect ofany matter.

2 If the candidate has copied in theexamination hall from any paper,book, programmable calculators,palm computers or any other formof material relevant to the subject ofthe examination (theory or practical)in which the candidate is appearing.

Punishment

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectonly.

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectonly of all the candidatesinvolved. In case of anoutsider, he will be handedover to the police and a caseis registered against him.

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectand all other subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared including practicalexaminations and projectwork and shall not bepermitted to appear for the


3 If the candidate impersonates anyother candidate in connection withthe examination.

remaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatSemester/year.The Hall Ticket of thecandidate is to be cancelledand sent to the University.

The candidate who hasimpersonated shall beexpelled from examinationhall. The candidate is alsodebarred and forfeits theseat. The performance ofthe original candidate, whohas been impersonated,shall be cancelled in all thesubjects of the examination(including practicals andproject work) alreadyappeared and shall not beallowed to appear forexaminations of theremaining subjects of thatsemester/year. Thecandidate is also debarredfor two consecutivesemesters from class workand all Universityexaminations. Thecontinuation of the courseby the candidate is subjectto the academic regulationsin connection withforfeiture of seat. If theimposter is an outsider, hewill be handed over to thepolice and a case isregistered against him.

12 2010-2011

4 If the candidate smuggles in theAnswer book or additional sheet ortakes out or arranges to send outthe question paper during theexamination or answer book oradditional sheet, during or after theexamination.

5 If the candidate uses objectionable,abusive or offensive language in theanswer paper or in letters to theexaminers or writes to the examinerrequesting him to award pass marks.

6 If the candidate refuses to obey theorders of the Chief Superintendent/Assistant -Superintendent / anyofficer on duty or misbehaves orcreates disturbance of any kind inand around the examination hallor organizes a walk out or instigatesothers to walk out, or threatens theofficer-in charge or any person on

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of performancein that subject and all theother subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared includingpractical examinations andproject work and shall notbe permitted for theremaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatsemester/year. Thecandidate is also debarredfor two consecutivesemesters from class workand all Universityexaminations. Thecontinuation of the courseby the candidate is subjectto the academic regulationsin connection withforfeiture of seat.

Cancellation of theperformance in that subject.

In case of students of thecollege, they shall beexpelled from examinationhalls and cancellation oftheir performance in thatsubject and all othersubjects the candidate(s)has (have) already appearedand shall not be permitted


duty in or outside the examinationhall of any injury to his person or toany of his relations whether bywords, either spoken or written orby signs or by visiblerepresentation, assaults the officer-in-charge, or any person on duty inor outside the examination hall orany of his relations, or indulges inany other act of misconduct ormischief which result in damageto or destruction of property in theexamination hall or any part of theCollege campus or engages in anyother act which in the opinion of theofficer on duty amounts to use ofunfair means or misconduct or hasthe tendency to disrupt the orderlyconduct of the examination.

7 If the candidate leaves the exam halltaking away answer script orintentionally tears of the script orany part thereof inside or outsidethe examination hall.

to appear for the remainingexaminations of thesubjects of that semester/year. The candidates alsoare debarred and forfeittheir seats. In case ofoutsiders, they will behanded over to the policeand a police case isregistered against them.

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of performancein that subject and all theother subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared includingpractical examinations andproject work and shall notbe permitted for theremaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatsemester/year. Thecandidate is also debarredfor two consecutivesemesters from class workand all Universityexaminations. Thecontinuation of the course

14 2010-2011

by the candidate is subjectto the academic regulationsin connection withforfeiture of seat.

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectand all other subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared includingpractical examinations andproject work and shall notbe permitted for theremaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatsemester/year. Thecandidate is also debarredand forfeits the seat.

Student of the college,expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectand all other subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared includingpractical examinations andproject work and shall notbe permitted for theremaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatsemester/year. Thecandidate is also debarredand forfeits the seat.

8 If the candidate possesses anylethal weapon or firearm in theexamination hall.

9 If a student of the college, who isnot a candidate for the particularexamination or any person notconnected with the collegeindulges in any malpractice orimproper conduct mentioned inclause 6 to 8.


Person(s) who do notbelong to the College will behanded over to police and apolice case will beregistered against them.

Expulsion from theexamination hall andcancellation of theperformance in that subjectand all other subjects thecandidate has alreadyappeared includingpractical examinations andproject work and shall notbe permitted for theremaining examinations ofthe subjects of thatsemester/year.

Cancellation of theperformance in that subjectand all other subjects thecandidate has appearedincluding practicalexaminations and projectwork of that semester/yearexaminations.

10 If the candidate comes in a drunkencondition to the examination hall.

11 Copying detected on the basis ofinternal evidence, such as, duringvaluation or during special scrutiny.

12 If any malpractice is detected whichis not covered in the above clauses1 to 11 shall be reported to theUniversity for further action toaward suitable punishment.

16 2010-2011

Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators:

1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.

2. Punishment for institutions : (if the squad reports that the college isalso involved in encouraging malpractices)

(i) A show cause notice shall be issued to the college.

(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.

(iii) Shifting the examination center from the college to another collegefor a specific period of not less than one year.

Malpractice identified at Nodal Center/Spot Center during valuation

The following procedure is to be followed in the case of malpractice casesdetected during valuation, scrutiny etc. at Nodal Center/Spot Center.

(i) A notice regarding the malpractice, is to be served to the candidate

(i) Through the Principal of the concerned college,

(ii) To his/her college address

(iii) To his/her permanent address.

(ii) A committee consisting of the following is to be constituted atnodal center to process such malpractice cases and therecommendations of the malpractice committee are to be sent tothe University.

1. Nodal Officer : Chairman

2. Principal of the concerned college : Member

3. Chief examiner of that subject/Subjectexpert from Nodal Centre : Member

4. OIE of nodal centre : Convener

***


JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, KAKINADAPETROLEUM ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTUREI YEAR I SEMESTER

S. No. Subject T P Credits

1 English – I 3 - 22 Mathematics - I 3 - 23 Engineering Physics – I 3 - 24 Engineering Chemistry I 3 - 25 C Programming 3 - 26 Environmental Studies 3 - 27 Engineering Physics & Engineering

Chemistry Laboratory -I - 3 28 Engineering Workshop

(Carpentry, Fitting, House wiring, ) - 3 29 C Programming Lab - 3 210 English - Communication Skills Lab - I - 3 2

Total 20

I YEAR II SEMESTER


1 English – II 3 - 2

2 Mathematics – II 3 - 2

3 Engineering Physics – II 3 - 24 Engineering Chemistry— II 3 - 2

5 Engineering Drawing 3 - 2

6 Mathematical Methods 3 - 2

7 Engineering Physics & EngineeringChemistry Laboratory -II - 3 2

8 English - Communication Skills Lab - II - 3 2

9 IT Workshop - 3 2

Total 18

18 2010-2011

II YEAR I SEMESTER


1 Mathematics-III 4 - 4

2 General Geology 4 - 43 Surveying 4 - 4

4 Elements of Mechanical Engineering 4 - 4

5 Electrical & Electronics Engineering 4 - 4

6 Chemical Process Calculations 6 - 47 Basic Engineering (Mech + Elec)Lab - 3 2

8 Geology Lab & Surveying Lab - 3 2

9 English Communication Practice-I - 2 1

10 Professional Ethics & Morals -I 2 - -Total 29

II YEAR II SEMESTER


1 Probability & Statistics 4 - 4

2 Petroleum Geology 4 - 4

3 Materials Science 4 - 4

4 Momentum Transfer 4 - 45 Process Heat Transfer 4 - 4

6 Thermodynamics for Petroleum Engineers 6 - 4

7 Momentum Transfer Lab - 3 2

8 Process Heat Transfer Lab - 3 29 English Communication Practice-II - 2 1

10 Professional Ethics & Morals -II 2 - -

Total 29


III YEAR I SEMESTER


1 Petroleum Exploration 4 - 4

2 Well Logging & Formation Evaluation 4 - 4

3 Drilling Technology 4 - 4

4 Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemical Engg. 4 - 4

5 Process Instrumentation 4 - 4

6 Process Dynamics & Control 4 - 4

7 Instrumentation & Process control lab - 3 2

8 Petroleum Analysis Lab - 3 2

9 IPR & Patents-I 2 - -

10 Industrial Visits - - -

Total 28

III YEAR II SEMESTER


1 Well Completions & Testing 4 - 4

2 Petroleum Reservoir Engineering 4 - 4

3 Petroleum Production Engineering 4 - 4

4 Natural Gas Engineering 4 - 4

5 Surface Production Operations 4 - 4

6 Petroleum Industry: Management,Strategy & Finance 4 - 4

7 Drilling Fluids Lab - 3 2

8 Drilling Simulation Lab - 3 2

9 IPR & Patents-II 2 - -

10 Summer Training (4-6 weeks) - - -

Total 28

20 2010-2011

IV YEAR I SEMESTER

S. No. Subject T P Credits1 Transport Phenomena 4 - 42 Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques 4 - 43 Oil & Gas Processing Plant Design 4 - 44 HSE & FF in Petroleum Industry 4 - 45 Open Elective(for the students of other branches)

* Fundamentals of Petroleum industry* Green Fuel Technologies* Energy Management 4 - 4

6 Elective – I* Offshore Engineering* Pipeline Engineering* Coal Bed Methane Engineering 4 - 4

7 Petroleum Equipment Design & Simulation Lab - 3 28 Reservoir Engineering Lab - 3 29 Presentation of Summer Training Report - - 2

Total 30

IV YEAR II SEMESTER

S. No. Subject T P Credits1 Petroleum Economics, Policies & Law 4 - 42 Elective – II

* Reservoir Modeling & Simulation* Horizontal Well Technology* Reservoir Stimulation 4 - 4

3 Elective-III* Separation Processes* Natural Gas Processing* Natural Gas Hydrates 4 - 4

4 Elective – IV* Chemical Reaction Engineering* Computational Fluid Dynamics* Petroleum Biotechnology 4 - 4

5 Project work 10Total 26


JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

I Year B. Tech Petroleum Engineering – I Sem.

ENGLISH SYLLABUS FOR SEMESETERS I & II

Introduction

The major challenge of a language teaching in a technical institution is toprepare the student for employability through imparting language skills todevelop communicative competence. The proficiency in English language isclosely linked to ‘good communication skills’ more so in the recent timeswhen employability is at stake for want of communication skills on the partof the students. Since skills and personal attributes are revealed throughcommunication, the responsibility of grooming students in life skills is alsoemphasized as part of language teaching and learning.

The core key skills needed are:

i) Communicationii) Team Workiii) Problem Solvingiv) Learning Skills

The personal attributes to be groomed are:

i) Adaptabilityii) Commitmentiii) Enthusiasmiv) Stress Managementv) Integrityvi) Sense of Humourvii) Self-Motivationviii) Reliabilityix) Self-esteemx) Personal Presentation

Since the inception of the Board of Studies for English, effort to design aCourse Structure that would cater to the needs of a wide range of learnergroups has been made. It was felt by the Board that the Course Structurehas to take into consideration the above criteria and therefore the objectivesof the Language course ought to be much focused.

22 2010-2011

Objectives

1: To improve the language proficiency of technical under graduates inEnglish with emphasis on LSRW skills.

1.1: To provide learning environment to practice listening, speaking,reading, and writing skills within and beyond the classroomenvironment.

1.2: To assist the students to carry on the tasks and activities throughguided instructions and materials.

2: To effectively integrate English language learning with employabilityskills and training.

2.1: To design the main course material and exercises with authenticmaterials drawn from everyday use to cater to everyday needs.

The material may be culled from newspaper articles,advertisements, promotional material etc.

2.2: To provide hands-on experience through case-studies, mini-projects, group & individual presentations.


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24 2010-2011

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ld A

sI

See

It’

Sent

ence

s U

nder

stan

d-in

g an

d us

ing

the

basic

stru

ctur

e of

the

sen

-te

nce

in E

nglis

h (s

ub-

ject

– v

erb

– ob

ject

);cr

eati

ng

sent

ence

s;un

ders

tand

ing

the

dif-

fere

nt k

inds

of

sen-

tenc

es

(whe

ther

a

stat

emen

t, or

a q

ues-

tion

, or

an

excl

ama-

tion,

and

so

on)

Smal

l co

nver

sa-

tion

s be

twee

n :

1.A

stu

dent

and

aho

stel

war

den

2.A

n in

terv

iew

er a

ndan

int

ervi

ewee

3.Tw

o fr

iend

sto

geth

er p

repa

ring

for

an

oral

exam

inat

ion

atco

llege

Com

mun

icat

ion

team

wor

k, p

robl

emso

lvin

g, l

earn

ing

skill

s

Enh

ance

dle

arne

r-pa

rtic

ipa-

tion

,de

velo

p-m

ent

oflin

guis

ticpr

ofi-

cien

cy

Bot

hTe

ache

r’s

Man

ual

and

Sam

ple

Tes

tQ

ues-

tions

will

be pro-

vide

d]


tion

?Po

tent

ial

area

s of

fo-

cus

and

eval

uatio

n:•C

hang

ing

noun

s to

the

rela

ted

adje

ctiv

es•C

hang

ing

adje

ctiv

esto

the

rel

ated

nou

ns•R

epla

cing

nou

ns w

ithpr

onou

ns w

hile

ret

ain-

ing

the

mea

ning

of

the

sent

ence

Cha

pter

3.

Gen

der

Verb

s an

d ad

verb

s:•U

nder

stan

ding

th

epl

acem

ent

of a

ver

bw

ithin

a s

ente

nce

•Und

erst

andi

ng t

ense

s•U

nder

stand

ing

the

use

of a

dver

bs t

o de

scri

beve

rbs

Fun

ctio

nal

gram

mar

exer

cise

:St

uden

ts m

ay b

e as

ked

to

cons

ider

re

cent

new

s he

adlin

es f

or r

e-m

arka

ble

stor

ies

in-

volv

ing

wom

en.

How

are

eith

er t

he e

vent

sor

the

wom

en r

emar

k

Rea

ding

and

ana

lysi

sof

sho

rt e

xtra

cts

from

four

new

spap

er/jo

urna

lpi

eces

:1.

The

Tel

egra

phre

port

on

the

20-

year

old

Bur

dwan

girl

who

wal

ked

out

of h

er m

arri

age

inre

volt

of h

er i

n-la

ws’

dem

ands

for

dow

ry2.

A p

ersp

ectiv

e on

astr

onau

tKal

pana

Cha

wla

’sac

hiev

e-m

ent

3.T

he

insp

irat

iona

lst

ory

of

a yo

ung

wom

an w

ho s

urvi

ved

Essa

ys a

nd a

rgum

ents

Und

erst

andi

ng t

hat

anes

say

or a

rgum

ent i

s a

desc

ript

ive

or p

ersu

a-si

ve p

iece

of

wri

ting

that

nee

ds t

o be

org

a-ni

zed

as a

suc

cess

ion

of p

arag

raph

s; i

ntro

-du

cing

the

chi

ef c

on-

cern

s in

the

firs

t pa

ra-

grap

h, a

nd p

rovi

ding

a la

yout

of

how

the

argu

men

t is

goi

ng t

obe

stru

ctur

ed; d

evel

op-

ing

the

mai

n th

rust

of

the

argu

men

t in

the

succ

eedi

ng p

arag

raph

s;m

akin

g sm

ooth

tra

n

Shor

t ex

chan

ges

betw

een:

1.Tw

o fr

iend

s, o

n an

issu

e of

co

ntem

po-

rary

int

eres

t2.

A r

epor

ter

and

ata

lk-s

how

gue

st3.

A t

each

er a

nd a

stud

ent

in s

choo

l

Com

mun

icat

ion,

team

wor

k, c

omm

it-

men

t, in

tegr

ity,

self

-m

otiv

atio

n, s

elf-

este

em

Enh

ance

dle

arne

r-pa

rtic

ipa-

tion

,de

velo

p-m

ent

oflin

guis

ticpr

ofi-

cien

cy,

deve

lop-

men

t of

criti

cal

thin

king

[Bot

hTe

ache

r’s

Man

ual

and

Sam

ple

Tes

tQ

uest

ions

will

be

prov

ided

]

26 2010-2011

able

? W

hat h

ave

thes

ew

omen

don

e, o

r w

hat

do

they

do

? W

hat

wor

ds o

f ac

tion

are

used

to

talk

abo

ut t

heac

com

plis

hmen

ts

ofth

e w

omen

? H

ow a

reac

tions

of

the

past

dif-

fere

ntia

ted

from

ac-

tion

s of

the

pre

sent

and

actio

ns y

et t

o be

perf

orm

ed?

How

(us

-in

g w

hat

adve

rbs)

are

thos

e ac

tion

s qu

ali-

fied?

Pote

ntia

l are

as o

f fo

-cu

s an

d ev

alua

tion:

•Cha

ngin

g ve

rbs

to th

ere

late

d ad

verb

s•C

hang

ing

adve

rbs

toth

e re

late

d ve

rbs

•Usi

ng v

erbs

in

thei

rco

rrec

t te

nses

, de

riv-

ing

the

sens

e fr

omth

e re

st o

f th

e se

n-te

nce.

child

-mar

riag

e4.

Sudh

a M

urth

y’s

writ

e on

wha

t it

ispo

ssib

le f

or w

omen

to a

chie

ve

sitio

ns b

etw

een

idea

san

d pa

ragr

aphs

(usi

ngap

prop

riat

e co

nnec

t-in

g w

ords

or

phra

ses)

;w

indi

ng t

o a

conc

lu-

sion

by

draw

ing

the

vari

ous

stri

ngs

of t

hear

gum

ent

toge

ther


Cha

pter

4.

Dis

aste

rM

anag

emen

tA

rtic

les

and

punc

tua-

tion

:•U

nder

stan

ding

th

eus

es o

f ‘a

’, ‘

an’,

and

‘the

’•U

nder

stan

ding

the

uses

of

wor

ds/p

hras

esex

pres

sing

qua

ntity

,lik

e ‘s

ome’

, ‘a

bit

of’,

‘m

ore’

, et

c.•U

nder

stan

ding

and

usin

g co

rrec

tpu

nctu

atio

n to

conv

ey m

eani

ngF

unct

iona

l gr

amm

arex

erci

se:

Stud

ents

may

be

aske

dto

im

agin

e th

at i

n th

eaf

term

ath

of a

nat

u-ra

l di

sast

er,

they

are

part

of

a re

lief

tea

mef

fort.

Whe

n as

ked

toef

fect

ivel

y id

enti

fyth

e ne

eds

of t

he s

itua-

tion,

how

do

they

pla

nto

go

abou

t pr

ovid

ing

nece

ssar

y ai

d? I

s an

ambu

lanc

e to

be

ar

Rea

ding

and

ana

lysi

sof

a s

hort

piec

e on

the

tsun

ami

Off

icia

l le

tter

s an

dem

ails

Eff

ecti

vely

usi

ng t

hefo

rmat

of

of

fici

alco

mm

unic

atio

n: p

ro-

vidi

ng o

ne’s

ow

n ad

-dr

ess

and

cont

act

de-

tails

, do

cum

entin

g th

eda

te a

nd p

lace

fro

mw

hich

the

com

mun

i-ca

tion

is se

nt, t

he s

alu-

tatio

n us

ed f

or t

he a

d-dr

esse

e, t

he m

ain

body

of t

he l

ette

r or

em

ail

(kee

ping

it

com

pre-

hens

ive

but

to

the

poin

t), a

nd s

igni

ng o

ff

[Bot

hTe

ache

r’s

Man

ual

and

Sam

ple

Tes

tQ

uest

ions

will

be

prov

ided

]

Dia

logu

es b

etw

een:

1.a

soci

al w

orke

r an

dan

ear

thqu

ake

vict

im2.

two

doct

ors

wor

king

in a

n ar

ea a

ffli

cted

by n

atur

al d

isas

ter

3.tw

o sc

hool

stud

ents

cam

paig

ning

to r

aise

rel

ief

mon

ey

Com

mun

icat

ion,

team

wor

k, p

robl

emso

lvin

g, a

dapt

abili

ty,

stre

ss m

anag

emen

t,re

liabi

lity,

int

egri

ty

Enh

ance

dle

arne

r-pa

rtic

ipa-

tion

,de

velo

p-m

ent

oflin

guis

ticpr

ofi-

cien

cy,

func

tion

alap

proa

chto pr

oble

mso

lvin

g,en

ablin

ggr

oup

wor

k

28 2010-2011

rang

ed fo

r? O

r a m

edi-

cal

tent

set

up?

Are

adeq

uate

fi

rst-

aid

supp

lies

avai

labl

e? D

om

ore

rati

ons

need

to

be

fetc

hed?

C

ould

ther

e be

a t

ie-u

p w

ithan

ove

rsea

s re

lief

or-

gani

zatio

n?

Cha

pter

5 –

Hea

lth

Prep

osit

ions

,co

njun

ctio

ns a

ndex

clam

atio

ns:

•Und

erst

andi

ng t

heus

e of

pre

posi

tions

–w

ords

tha

t co

nnec

tve

rbs

with

the

irob

ject

s•U

nder

stan

ding

th

atce

rtai

n ve

rbs

use

cert

ain

prep

osi-

tion

s•U

nder

stan

ding

the

uses

of

com

mon

prep

osit

ions

: to

, fo

r,at

, by

, of,

and

so o

n•U

nder

stan

ding

th

eus

es o

f co

njun

ctio

nsan

d ex

clam

atio

ns

Rea

ding

and

ana

lysi

sof

th

ree

diff

eren

tki

nds

of w

ritin

g, a

ndco

mpa

riso

ns b

etw

een

them

:1.

A

Gov

ernm

ent

ofIn

dia

repo

rt o

n th

esu

cces

s of

natio

nwid

e ca

mpa

igns

for

polio

vac

cina

tion

2.A

veg

etar

ian’

spe

rspe

ctiv

e on

wha

tm

akes

for

heal

thy

livin

g3.

An

athl

ete’

s sa

y on

the

bene

fits

of

life

-lo

ng e

xerc

ise

Rep

orts

Lea

rnin

g th

e di

ffer

-en

ce b

etw

een

an e

ssay

,fo

r ex

ampl

e, a

nd a

re-

port

; le

arni

ng t

o id

en-

tify

the

key

poin

ts o

fan

eve

nt o

r in

cide

nt,

and

docu

men

ting

them

bri

efly

but

in

am

anne

r th

at c

onve

ysbo

th t

he t

empe

r an

dth

e un

fold

ing

of t

heev

ent;

und

erst

andi

ngw

hat

is m

eant

by

a‘t

arge

t re

ader

ship

’,an

d le

arni

ng t

o ta

ilor

the

piec

e to

the

nee

dsof

tha

t re

ader

ship

[Bot

hTe

ache

r’s

Man

ual

and

Sam

ple

Tes

tQ

uest

ions

will

be

prov

ided

]

Bri

ef

exch

ange

sbe

twee

n:1.

A f

athe

r an

d hi

sso

n/da

ught

er,

ashe

exp

lain

s th

eim

port

ance

of

stay

ing

fit

2.A

frie

nds

disc

ussi

ng t

heid

eal

diet

3.A

cam

pus

coun

sello

r an

d a

stud

ent

Pers

onal

pr

esen

ta-

tion

, st

ress

-man

age-

men

t, co

mm

itm

ent,

enth

usia

sm,,

self

-mo-

tiva

tion

Dev

elop

-m

ent

oflin

guis

ticpr

ofi-

cien

cy,

func

tion

alap

proa

chto pr

oble

mso

lvin

g


Fun

ctio

nal

gram

mar

exer

cise

:St

uden

ts m

ay b

e as

ked

to p

ropo

se w

ays

inw

hich

hea

lthie

r liv

ing

mig

ht b

e at

tain

ed –

eatin

g be

tter

and

ex-

erci

sing

,dr

inki

ng p

lent

y of

wa-

ter,

pa

rtak

ing

fres

hve

geta

bles

fro

m t

heM

arke

t, an

d so

on.

Poss

ible

exe

rcis

esm

ay

be

fram

edar

ound

:•F

illi

ng

in

blan

ksw

ithin

sen

tenc

es•D

istin

guis

hing

betw

een

diff

eren

tm

eani

ngs

poss

ible

thro

ugh

the

use

ofdi

ffer

ent

prep

osi-

tions

with

the

sam

eve

rbs

30 2010-2011

Cha

pter

6 S

port

s :

Rev

isio

n of

all

ele

-m

ents

of

gr

amm

arha

ndle

d th

us

far,

thro

ugh

evoc

ativ

e de

-sc

ript

ions

of

Stat

e or

nati

onal

or

inte

rna-

tiona

l le

vel

spor

ts s

to-

ries,

and

disc

ussi

on o

fth

em.

Fun

ctio

nal

gram

mar

exer

cise

:St

uden

ts m

ay, i

n pa

irs,

be a

sked

to

pres

ent

anac

coun

t of

a m

emo-

rabl

e sp

orts

mee

t or

gam

e.

The

us

e of

noun

s pr

onou

ns,

and

adje

ctiv

es s

houl

d he

lpto

cla

rify

exac

tly w

hat

even

t is

bei

ng t

alke

dab

out.

Judi

ciou

s us

e of

adje

ctiv

e w

ill

help

prov

ide

the

cont

ext:

how

im

port

ant

the

gam

e or

mat

ch w

as,

whe

re i

t was

hel

d, a

ndso

on.

In

a br

ief

ac-

coun

t of

th

e ga

me,

verb

s an

d ad

verb

s w

ill

Rea

ding

and

ana

lysi

sof

tw

o of

fou

r sh

ort

piec

es i

n de

pict

ion

of:

1.O

ppor

tuni

ties

for

men

and

wom

en i

nsp

orts

2.A

dec

isiv

e m

omen

tin

a

gam

e3.

Exp

ecta

tion

and

failu

re4.

The

atti

tude

of

spor

tsm

ansh

ip

Pres

enta

tion

sLe

arni

ng t

o id

entif

yth

e ke

y el

emen

ts o

fan

y is

sue

and

putti

ngth

em d

own

assu

ccin

ct p

oint

s;st

ruct

urin

g th

e po

ints

so t

hat

they

may

be

elab

orat

ed o

nac

cord

ing

tone

cess

ity;

unde

r-st

andi

ng t

hepr

ogre

ssio

n of

poi

nts

so t

hat

no i

mpo

rtan

tel

emen

t is

mis

sed

out,

but

also

,re

petit

ions

are

avoi

ded

[Bot

hTe

ache

r’s

Man

ual

and

Sam

ple

Tes

tQ

uest

ions

will

be

prov

ided

]

Smal

l co

nver

satio

nsbe

twee

n:1.

A f

itnes

s in

stru

ctor

and

a tr

aine

e2.

Two

frie

nds

disc

ussin

g a

poss

ible

car

eer

insp

orts

3.Tw

o fr

iend

sdi

scus

sing

the

irfa

vori

te g

ame

Team

wor

k, i

nteg

rity

,se

lf-m

otiv

atio

n, s

elf-

este

em,

com

mit

men

t

Dev

elop

-m

ent

oflin

guis

ticpr

ofi-

cien

cy,

func

tion

alap

proa

chto pr

oble

mso

lvin

g


be n

eces

sary

to

repo

rtex

actl

y w

hat

hap-

pene

d. I

f th

e ac

coun

tha

s to

be

deta

iled

and

livel

y, s

tude

nts

will

be

oblig

ed t

o us

e th

e co

r-re

ct f

orm

s an

d te

nses

.O

f co

urse

, thr

ough

out,

not

only

will

the

rig

htin

flect

ions

and

arti

cles

be n

eces

sary

, so

too

will

the

pre

cise

use

of

prep

osit

ions

.

Boo

k: S

tep

by S

tep

: L

earn

ing

Lang

uage

and

Life

Ski

lls b

y P

ears

on L

ongm

an;

Pea

rson

Pub

lishe

rsL

ab M

anua

l: S

treng

then

your

Ste

ps (A

Mul

timod

al co

urse

in co

mm

unic

atio

n sk

ills)

by M

arut

hi P

ublic

atio

ns

32 2010-2011



MATHEMATICS-I

UNIT – I

Differential equations of first order and first degree – exact, linear andBernoulli. Applications to Newton’s Law of cooling, Law of natural growthand decay, orthogonal trajectories.

UNIT – II

Non-homogeneous linear differential equations of second and higherorder with constant coefficients with RHS term of the type e ax , Sin ax,cos ax, polynomials in x, e ax V(x), xV(x)

UNIT-III

Generalized Mean Value theorem (without proof) Functions of severalvariables – Functional dependence- Jacobian- Maxima and Minima offunctions of two variables with constraints and without constraints.

UNIT-IV

Curve tracing – Cartesian - Polar and Parametric curves.

UNIT – V

Applications of Integration to Lengths, Volumes and Surface areas ofrevolution in Cartesian and Polar Coordinates.

UNIT – VI

Multiple integrals - double and triple integrals – change of variables –Change of order of Integration.

UNIT – VII

Vector Differentiation: Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their related propertiesof sums-products- Laplacian and second order operators.

UNIT-VIII

Vector Integration - Line integral – work done – Potential function – area-surface and volume integrals Vector integral theorems: Greens, Stokes andGauss Divergence Theorems (Without proof) and related problems.


TEXT BOOK:

1. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics – I, U. M. Swamy, P.Vijaya Lakshmi, Dr. M. P.K.Kishore and Dr. K.L. Sai Prasad – ExcelBooks, New Delhi

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Engineering Mathematics, Vol- 1, Dr. D. S.C. Prism Publishers

2. Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Ramana , Tata Mc Graw Hill

3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreszig, 8 Ed. WileyStudent Edition

34 2010-2011



ENGINEERING PHYSICS -I

UNIT-1

INTERFERENCE: Superposition of waves - Young’s double slit experiment- Coherence - Interference in thin films by reflection -Newton’s rings.

UNIT-II

DIFFRACTION: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions - Fraunhofer diffractionat a single slit - Double slit - Diffraction grating - Grating spectrum -Resolving power of a grating - Rayleigh’s criterion for resolving power.

UNIT-III

POLARIZATION: Types of Polarization - Double refraction - Nicol prism- Quarter wave plate and Half wave plate..

UNIT-IV

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE: Introduction - Space lattice - Basis - Unit cell -Lattice parameters - Bravais lattices - Crystal systems - Structure andpacking fractions of simple cubic, Body centered cubic, Face centeredcubic crystals.

UNIT-V

X-RAY DIFFRACTION: Directions and planes in crystals - Miller indices- Separation between successive [h k 1] planes - Diffraction of X - raysby crystal planes - Bragg’s law - Laue method -Powder method.

UNIT-VI

LASERS: Introduction - Characteristics of lasers - Spontaneous andStimulated emission of radiation -Einstein’s coefficients - Populationinversion - Ruby laser - Helium -Neon laser - Semiconductor laser -Applications of lasers in industry, scientific and medical fields.

UNIT-VII

FIBER OPTICS: Introduction - Principle of optical fiber - Acceptance angleand acceptance cone -Numerical aperture - Types of optical fibers andrefractive index profiles - Attenuation in optical fibers -Application ofoptical fibers.


UNIT-VIII

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING USING ULTRASONICS: Ultrasonic Testing- Basic Principle -Transducer - Couplant and Inspection Standards -Inspection Methods - Pulse Echo Testing Technique -Flaw Detector -Different Types of Scans - Applications.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Perspective of Engineering Physics by Dr.M.Sri Rama Rao (Retd Prof.in Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam), Dr.N.Chaudhary andD.Prasad, Pub: Acme Learning.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Engineering Physics by S. Mani Naidu, Pearson publishers.

2. Engineering Physics by Sanjay D Jain and Girish G Sahasrabudhe,University press.

3. Engineering Physics by alik and A K Singh, Tata Mc Graw-HillPublishing company Limited.

36 2010-2011



ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY – I

CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY –ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

UNIT-I

1. JOULE THOMSON EFFECT

Definitions of Enthalpy, Free Energy, Entropy, Principle andexplanation of Joule Thomson Effect, application to Air Conditioning, Refrigeration (WORKING PRINCIPLE AND FLOW DIAGRAMS)

2. OSMOSIS &REVERSE OSMOSIS

Principles of Osmosis& Reverse Osmosis, application to Desalinationprocess-Types of Membranes used in desalination process-Limitations

3. LECHATELIERS PRINCIPLE —

Definition of Petrochemical Equilibrium, Factors influence thePetrochemical Equilibrium, Statement and explanation of Lechateliersprinciple- Industrial applications for the production of SulphuricAcid and Ammonia

4. SOLUBILITY PRODUCT& COMMON ION EFFECT—

Definition of Solubility & Ionic products, Industrial applications

UNIT-II

1. CATALYSIS

Explanation of Catalysis, Criteria of Catalysts, Few Industrial Catalysts

2. COLLOIDS

Explanation of Colloids- Properties of Colloids, Industrial applicationsof Colloids

3. FERMENTATION

Explanation of Fermentation with examples-Industrial applications

4. VISCOSITY:

Definition of Viscosity -Factors influence the Viscosity- Kinematic


Viscosity-Determination of Molecular Weight of any one compound-Applications to fluids in motion –Type of flow.

UNIT-III

1. FLUORESENCE&PHOSPHORESENCE— LUMINISCENTCOMPOUNDS

Explanation of Fluorescence &Phosphorescence JOB s Diagram,Industrial applications of Chemiluminiscent compounds

2. PHOTO & LIGHT RESPONSIVE COMPOUNDS—SENSORS,BIOSENSORS

Explanation of Sensors & Biosensors-Principle –Few Applications

3. IONSELECTIVE ELECTRODES –

Principle- Chemistry &working of Electrode-applications todetermination of Fluoride,Chloride and Nitrate

4. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE(NMR) :

Principle –Few Electronic applications

UNIT-IV

1. SUPERCONDUCTIVTY –

Definition-Preparation –Properties –Engineering Applications

2. SEMICONDUCTORS -

Definition –Types of semiconductors (Stiochiometric, Nonstichometric , Organic, Controlled Valency Semiconductors, Doping)-applications

3. STORAGE DEVICES -

Materials used and working of Floppy, CD, Pendrive etc.

4. LIQUID CRYSTALS -

Definition –Types - applications in LCD and Engineering,Applications.

UNIT – V

THERMAL ENERGY- introduction to solid fuels – definition – calorificvalue (LCV, HCV) bomb calorimeter, pulverized coal – carbonization –

38 2010-2011

analysis of coal (proximate and ultimate analysis) – working of thermalpower station.

UNIT - VI

Petrochemical sources of energy – single electrode potential – NernestEquation- reference electrodes – concentration cells-primary and secondarycells – fuel cells.

UNIT-VII

NUCLEAR ENERGY: Introduction to nuclear fuels – binding energy –nuclear fission and fusion reactions – nuclear reactions – disposal ofnuclear wastes.

UNIT-VIII

SOLAR CELLS- introduction – harnessing solar energy – solar heaters– photo voltaic cells – solar reflection – green house concepts.

*Teachers Are Requested To Provide Information About National AndInternational Status Of Conventional And Non Conventional SourcesTo The Students

TEXT BOOK :

1. A Text Book Of Engineering Chemistry By N.Krishna Murty,Anuradha, Maruthi Publications.




C- PROGRAMMING

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION: Computer systems, Hardware & software concepts.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Algorithm / pseudo code, flowchart, programdevelopment steps, Computer Languages: machine, symbolic, and high-level languages, Creating and running programs: Writing, editing, compiling,linking, and executing.

BASICS OF C: Structure of a C program, identifiers, basic data types andsizes. Constants, variables, arithmetic, relational and logical operators,increment and decrement operators, conditional operator, assignmentoperators, expressions, type conversions, conditional expressions,precedence and order of evaluation, Sample programs.

UNIT II:

BIT-WISE OPERATORS: logical, shift, rotation, masks.

SELECTION – MAKING DECISIONS: Two-way selection: if- else, nullelse, nested if, examples, Multi-way selection: switch, else-if, examples.

UNIT III:

STRINGS: concepts, c strings.

ITERATIVE: Loops - while, do-while and for statements, break, continue,initialization and updating, event and counter controlled loops, Loopingapplications: Summation, powers, smallest and largest.

UNIT IV:

ARRAYS: Arrays - concepts, declaration, definition, accessing elements,storing elements, Strings and string manipulations, 1-D arrays, 2-D arraysand character arrays, string manipulations, Multidimensional arrays ,Array applications: Matrix Operations, checking the symmetricity of aMatrix,

UNIT V:

FUNCTIONS-MODULAR PROGRAMMING: Functions, basics, parameterpassing, storage classes- extern, auto, register, static, scope rules, block

40 2010-2011

structure, user defined functions, standard library functions, recursivefunctions, Recursive solutions for Fibonacci series, Towers of Hanoi,header files, C pre-processor, example c programs. Passing 1-D arrays, 2-D arrays to functions.

UNIT VI:

POINTERS: Pointers- concepts, initialization of pointer variables, pointersand function arguments, passing by address –dangling memory, addressarithmetic, Character pointers and functions, pointers to pointers, pointersand multidimensional arrays, dynamic memory management functions,command line arguments.

UNIT VII:

ENUMERATED, STRUCTURE AND UNION TYPES: Derived types-structures- declaration, definition and initialization of structures, accessingstructures, nested structures, arrays of structures, structures and functions,pointers to structures, self referential structures, unions, typedef, bit-fields, program applications.

UNIT VIII:

FILE HANDLING: Input and output – concept of a file, text files andbinary files, Formatted I/o, file I/o operations, example programs.

TEXT BOOK:

The C – Programming Language’ B.W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. C Programming : A Problem - Solving Approach, Forouzan, E. V.Prasad, Giliberg, Cengage, 2010.

2. Programming in C, Stephen G. Kochan, 3/e Pearson, 2007.




ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

UNIT - I

Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope andImportance – Need for Public Awareness.

UNIT - II

Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Naturalresources and associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over –exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction – Mining,dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources –Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought,conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems - Mineral resources:Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineralresources, case studies. - Food resources: World food problems, changescaused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture,fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. – Energyresources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energysources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. Land resources:Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosionand desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of naturalresources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

UNIT - III

Ecosystems : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of anecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in theecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs andecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structureand function of the following ecosystem:

a. Forest ecosystem

b. Grassland ecosystem

c. Desert ecosystem

d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

42 2010-2011

UNIT - IV

Biodiversity and its conservation : Introduction - Definition: genetic,species andecosystem diversity. - Bio-geographical classification of India- Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,aesthetic and option values - . Biodiversity at global, National and locallevels. - . India as a mega-diversity nation - Hot-sports of biodiversity -Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlifeconflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation ofbiodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT - V

Environmental Pollution : Definition, Cause, effects and control measuresof :

a. Air pollution

b. Water pollution

c. Soil pollution

d. Marine pollution

e. Noise pollution

f. Thermal pollution

g. Nuclear hazards

Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urbanand industrial wastes. - Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.- Pollution case studies. - Disaster management: floods, earthquake,cyclone and landslides.

UNIT - VI

Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainabledevelopment -Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement and rehabilitationof people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies -Environmental ethics:Issues and possible solutions. -Climate change, global warming, acid rain,ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. -Wasteland reclamation. – Consumerism and waste products. -EnvironmentProtection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. –Water(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest


Conservation Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmentallegislation. -Public awareness.

UNIT - VII

Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variationamong nations. Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme. -Environment and human health. -Human Rights. -Value Education. HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -Role of information Technology inEnvironment and human health. –Case Studies. Page 37 of 79

UNIT - VIII

Field work : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/forest grassland/hill/mountain -Visit to a local polluted site Urban/Rural/industrial/ Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. -Study ofsimple cosystemspond, river, hill slopes, etc.

TEXT BOOK :

1. An Introduction to Environmental Studies by B. Sudhakara Reddy,T. Sivaji Rao, U. Tataji & K. Purushottam Reddy, Maruti Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Text Book of Environmental Studies by Deeshita Dave & P. UdayaBhaskar, Cengage Learning.

2. Environmental Studies by K.V.S.G. Murali Krishna, VGS Publishers,Vijayawada.

3. Text Book of Environmental Sciences and Technology by M. AnjiReddy, BS Publications.

44 2010-2011



ENGINEERING PHYSICS & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYLABORATORY-1

PHYSICS LAB-I

A. Mechanics

1. Determine the Rigidity Modulus of the material of the wire usingTorsional Pendulum.

2. Determine the Frequency of vibration in Transverse andLongitudinal Mode using Melde’s Apparatus.

3. Verify the Laws Transverse vibrations in stretched strings usingSonometer.

4. Determine the Velocity of Sound by Volume Resonator method.

5. Determine the Acceleration due to Gravity and Radius of Gyrationusing Compound Pendulum.

B. Optics:

6. Determine the Wavelength of a source by Normal Incidence methodusing Diffraction Grating.

7. Determine the Radius Curvature of a convex lens by forming Newton’sRings.

8. Determine the Refractive Index of the material of Prism (MinimumDeviation method) using Spectrometer.

9. Determine the Thickness of the Spacer used to form Parallel fringesdue to Wedge shaped film.

10. Determination of Single slit diffraction using Lasers.

Manual/Record Books:

1. Manual cum Record for Engineering Phaysics Lab-1, by Prof.Sri M.Rama Rao, Acme Learning.

2. Lab manual – 1, of Engineering Physics by Dr. Y.Aparna and Dr.K.Venkateswara Rao, VGS Books links, Vijayawada.


CHEMISTRY LAB - 1

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS1. Introduction to Chemistry Lab (the teachers are expected to teachfundamentals like Primary, Secondary Standard Solutions , Normality,Molarity, Molality etc and laboratory ware used, error ,accuracy, precision,Theory of indicators, use of volumetric titrations2. Introduction to Volumetric Analysis:The Teacher has to perform four types of volumetric titrations and willexplain about the Working of Indicators .(The Teacher has to call thestudents at random to perform the titrations)2. ANALYSIS OF WATER

Estimation of :a. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron (111), Zinc (SEPERATELY)b. TOTAL HARDNESS BY EDTA METHODc. TURBIDITYd. CONDUCTIVITYe pHf. TOTAL DISSOLVED SALTSg. FLORIDES,CHLORIDES AND NITRATES ( USING ION

ANALYSER OR BY COLORIMETER)h. DISSOLVED OXYGENi BACTERIAL COUNT

The student has to get his water sample and the teacher has to explainthe analysis and the results are to be compared with the INDIANSTANDRDS.• All the teachers are requested to give top priority to water analysis

as it is very useful for the students and society. complete wateranalysis may take couple of hours more but this has a uniqueinfluence on the system.

3. CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIC CELLBased on the position of the metals in the electroPetrochemical seriesa model ElectroPetrochemical Cell is constructed and the values aredetermined and effect of metal ion concentration, Temprature etc. on emfare calculated.Lab Manual :

Engineering chemistry laboratory manual & record,Srinivasulu, D., Parshva,publications.

46 2010-2011


Year B. Tech Petroleum Engineering – I Sem.

ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

Note: At least two exercises to be done from each trade.

Trade:

Carpentry 1. T-Lap Joint

2. Cross Lap Joint

3. Dovetail Joint

4. Mortise and Tennon Joint

Fitting 1. Vee Fit

2. Square Fit

3. Half Round Fit

4. Dovetail Fit

Black Smithy 1. Round rod to Square

2. S-Hook

3. Round Rod to Flat Ring

4. Round Rod to Square headed bolt

House Wiring 1. Parallel / Series Connection of three bulbs

2. Stair Case wiring

3. Florescent Lamp Fitting

4. Measurement of Earth Resistance

Tin Smithy 1. Taper Tray

2. Square Box without lid

3. Open Scoop

4. Funnel



Year B. Tech Petroleum Engineering – I Sem.

C PROGRAMMING LAB

Objectives:

• To learn/strengthen a programming language like C, To learn problemsolving techniques

Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:

• Intel based desktop PC, ANSI C Compiler with Supporting Editors,IDE’s such as Turbo C, Bloodshed C,

• Linux with gcc compiler

Exercise l

Solving problems such as temperature conversion, student grading, incometax calculation, etc., which expose students to use basic C operators

Exercise 2

2’s complement of a number is obtained by scanning it from right to leftand complementing all the bits after the first appearance of a 1. Thus 2’scomplement of 11100 is 00100. Write a C program to find the 2’s complementof a binary number.

Exercise 3

a) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positiveinteger.

b) A Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows: the first and secondterms in the sequence are 0 and 1. Subsequent terms are found byadding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C programto generate the first n terms of the sequence.

c) Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 andn, where n is a value supplied by the user.

d) Write a program which checks a given integer is Fibonacci numberor not.

Exercise 4

a) Write a C program to calculate the following Sum:

48 2010-2011

Sum=1-x2/2! +x4/4!-x6/6!+x8/8!-x10/10!

b) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

Exercise 5

a) The total distance travelled by vehicle in‘t’ seconds is given bydistance = ut+1/2at2 where ‘u’ and ‘a’ are the initial velocity (m/sec.)and acceleration (m/sec2). Write C program to find the distancetravelled at regular intervals of time given the values of ‘u’ and ‘a’.The program should provide the flexibility to the user to select hisown time intervals and repeat the calculations for different values of‘u’ and ‘a’.

b) Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and oneoperator form the user, performs the operation and then prints theresult. (Consider the operators +,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement)

Exercise 6

a) Simple programming examples to manipulate strings.

b) Verifying a string for its palindrome property

Exercise 7

Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:

i. To insert a sub-string in to given main string from a given position.

ii. To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.

iii. To replace a character of string either from beginning or ending orat a specified location

Exercise 8

Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operationsusing Structure:

i) Reading a complex number

ii) Writing a complex number

iii) Addition of two complex numbers

iv) Multiplication of two complex numbers

Exercise 9

a) Addition of Two Matrices


b) Calculating transpose of a matrix in-place manner.

c) Matrix multiplication by checking compatibility

Exercise 10

a) Write C programs that use both recursive and non-recursive functionsfor the following

i) To find the factorial of a given integer.

ii) To find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two givenintegers.

iii) To solve Towers of Hanoi problem.

Exercise 11

a) Write a C functions to find both the largest and smallest number ofan array of integers.

b) Write a C function that uses functions to perform the following:

i) that displays the position/ index in the string S where thestring T begins, or –1 if S doesn’t contain T.

ii) to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.

Exercise 12

a) Write a C function to generate Pascal’s triangle.

b) Write a C function to construct a pyramid of numbers.

Exercise 13

Write a C function to read in two numbers, x and n, and then compute thesum of this geometric progression:

1+x+x2+x3+………….+xn

Write a C function to read in two numbers, x and n(no. of terms), and thencompute sin(x) and cos(x).

Exercise 14

a. Pointer based function to exchange value of two integers usingpassing by address.

b. Program which explains the use of dynamic arrays.

c. Program to enlighten dangling memory problem (Creating a 2-D array

50 2010-2011

dynamically using pointer to pointers approach.

Exercise 15

Examples which explores the use of structures, union and other userdefined variables

Exercise 16

a) Write a C program which copies one file to another.

b) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file. (Note:The file name and n are specified on the command line)




ENGLISH - COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB -I

UNIT-1

Section -A Hello, I’m…..

Section –B Practicing Sounds

UNIT – 2

Section –A I Would Love to …..but

Section –B practicing Sounds

UNIT -3

Section-A With your permission I would to …

Section-B Practicing Sounds

UNIT-4

Section-A Why don’t we………..

Section-B Practicing Sounds

UNIT-5

Section-A Could you Please……..

Section-B practicing Sounds

52 2010-2011


I Year B. Tech Petroleum Engineering – II Sem.

MATHEMATICS-II

UNIT – I

Laplace transforms of standard functions –Shifting Theorems, Transformsof derivatives and integrals – Unit step function –Dirac’s delta function.

UNIT – II

Inverse Laplace transforms– Convolution theorem - Application of Laplacetransforms to ordinary differential equations Partial fractions.

UNIT – III

Fourier Series: Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series –even and odd functions – Fourier series in an arbitrary interval– Half-range sine and cosine series.

UNIT – IV

Fourier integral theorem (only statement) – Fourier sine and cosineintegrals - Fourier transform – sine and cosine transforms – properties –inverse transforms – Finite Fourier transforms.

UNIT – V

Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitraryconstants and arbitrary functions –solutions of first order linear (Lagrange)equation and nonlinear (standard type) equations.

UNIT – VI

Method of Separation of Variables - Applications to wave equation, heatequation and Laplace Equation.

UNIT – VII

Z-transform – properties – Damping rule – Shifting rule – Initial and finalvalue theorems -Inverse z-transform -Convolution theorem – Solution ofdifference equation by z-transforms.

UNIT – VIII

Gamma and Beta Functions – Properties – Evaluation of improper integrals.


TEXT BOOK:

1. Swamy,U.M., Vijayalaxmi, P.,Ravikumar, R.V.G., and Phani KrishnaKishore., Mathematics II, Excel Books, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.V.Ramana, Engineering Mathematics, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

2. Iyengar,T.K.V, Krishna Gandhi, et.al Engineering Mathematics Vol-II,S.Chand Co. New Delhi.

3. Erwin Kreszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8 Ed WileyStudent Edition.

54 2010-2011



ENGINEERING PHYSICS - II

UNIT-I

QUANTUM MECHANICS & QUANTUM COMPUTING: Introduction -Schrodinger Time Independent and Time Dependent wave equations -Particle in a box - Operator version -Suitability of Quantum system forInformation Processing - Classical Bits and Qu-Bits - Bloch’s Sphere -Quantum Gates - Multiple Qu-Bits - Advantages of Quantum Computingover classical Computation.

UNIT-II

ELECTRON THEORY OF METALS: Classical free electron theory - Meanfree path - Relaxation time and drift velocity - Quantum free electrontheory - Fermi - Dirac (analytical) and its dependence on temperature -Fermi energy - Electron scattering and resistance.

UNIT-HI

BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS: Bloch theorem (qualitative) - Kronig -Penney model - Origin of energy band formation in solids - Classificationof materials into conductors, semiconductors & insulators -Concept ofeffective mass of an electron.

UNIT-IV

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES: Permeability - Magnetization - Orgin of magneticmoment - Classification of Magnetic materials - Dia, para and ferro-magnetism -Domain and Weiss field theory - Hysteresis Curve - Soft andHard magnetic materials.

UNIT-V

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: General properties - Meissner effect - Penetrationdepth - Type I and type II superconductors - Flux quantization - DC andAC Josephson effect - BCS Theory - Applications of superconductors.

UNIT-VI

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES: Introduction - Dielectric constant - Electronic,ionic and orientational polarizations - Internal fields in solids - Clausius-Mossotti equation - Dielectrics in alternating fields -frequency dependence


of the polarizability - Ferro and Piezo electricity.

UNIT-VII

SEMICONDUCTORS: Introduction - Intrinsic semiconductor and carrierconcentration - Equation for conductivity - Extrinsic semiconductor andcarrier concentration - Drift and diffusion - Einstein’s equation - Hall effect- Direct & indirect band gap semiconductors.

UNIT-VIII

PHYSICS OF NANO MATERIALS: Introduction - Properties and prepationof Nano Materials -Surface occupancy - Reduction of Dimensionality - 4D-Force vector - Quantum wires - Quantum dots and Quantum wells -Density of states and Energy spectrum - Nanotubes - Applications ofnanomaterials.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Perspective of Engineering Physics - II by M Sri Ramarao, NityanandaChoudary, Daruka Prasad, ACME Learning.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Solid State Physics – by A J Dekker , Mcmilan India Ltd.

2. A Text Book of Engineering Physics , by Bhattacharya & Bhaskara,Oxford University Press

3. Engineering Physics by K Shiva Kumar, Prism Books Pvt. Ltd

56 2010-2011



ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT-I

POLYMERS: Introduction - Types of polymers – Classification - Methodsof polymerisation – Stereo specific polymers - Ziegler Natta catalysis -Properties of polymers –Conducting Polymers- Engineering applications –Biodegradable polymers - Individual polymers(Preparation ,Properities,Usesof Poly Styrene, PVC, PTFE, Bakelite’s, Cellulose derivatives, PolyCarbonates)

UNIT-II

PLASTICS – Types –Compounding of plastics- Moulding(Four types)-Fiber reinforced , Glass fibre reinforced plastics –Bullet Proof Plastics–Properties of plastics – Engineering applications

UNIT-III

RUBBERS & ELASTOMERS: Introduction – Preparation – Vulcanization– Properties - Engineering applications.

Buna-S,Buna-N, - Poly Urethane - Engineering applications of Elastomers

UNIT-IV

NANO MATERIALS

Introduction to Nano materials-preparation of few Nano materials(CarbonNano Tubes,Fullerenes etc)-Properities of Nano materials- Engineeringapplications.

UNIT-V

BUILDING MATERIALS(CEMENT,REFRACTORIES,CRAMICS):CEMENT

Introduction, Manufacturing of Portland Cement(Dry &We Process )-Chemistry of Setting and Hardening of Cement-Effect of Carbondioxide,Sulphur Dioxide ,Chloride on Cement concrete.

REFRACTORIES

Introduction-Classification –Properties-Applications


CERAMICS

Introduction-Classification – Glazed &Unglazed Ceramics -Properties-Engineering Applications.

UNIT-VI

FUEL TECHNOLOGY

Introduction to Liquid Fuels-Classification of Crude Oil-FractionalDistillation-Cracking (Thermal &Catalytic), Polymerization-Refining&Reforming –Working of Internal Combustion Engine, Heated Chambers-Knocking –AntiKnocking Agents-Octane &Cetane Number.

LUBRICANTS

Definition and Explanation of Lubrication-Mechanism of Lubrication –Types of Lubricants-Properties of Lubricants-Engineering applications

UNIT-VII

CORROSION – Mechanism- Factors influence the rate of corrosion -Types of Corrosion -Protection methods (Anodic & Cathodic protection),- Metallic Coatings - Paints, Varnishes, Enamels , Special paints.

UNIT-VIII

GREEN CHEMISTRY

Introduction-Concepts- Engineering Applications

TEXT BOOK :

1. A Text book of engineering chemistry by Srinivasulu D., Parshvapublications.

58 2010-2011



ENGINEERING DRAWING

UNIT-I

Polygons-Construction of Regular Polygons using given length of a side;Ellipse- Arcs of Circles and Oblong Methods; Scales-Vernier and DiagonalScales.

UNIT-II

Introduction to Orthographic Projections; Projections of Points; Projectionsof Straight Lines parallel to both planes; Projections of Straight Lines-Parallel to one and inclined to other plane.

UNIT-III

Projections of Straight Lines inclined to both planes, determination of truelengths, angle of inclinations and traces.

UNIT-IV

Projections of Planes; Regular Planes Perpendicular / Parallel to oneReference

Plane and inclined to other Reference Plane; inclined to both the ReferencePlanes.

UNIT-V

Projections of Solids-Prisms and Cylinders with the axis inclined to onePlane.

UNIT-VI

Projections of Solids- Pyramids and Cones with the axis inclined to oneplane.

UNIT-VII

Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views.

UNIT-VIII

Conversion of Orthographic Views to Isometric Projections and Views.


TEXT BOOK:

1. Engineering Drawing by N.D. Bhat, Chariot Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Engineering Drawing by M.B. Shah and B.C. Rana, PearsonPublishers.

2. Engineering Drawing by Dhananjay A. Jolhe, Tata McGraw HillPublishers.

3. Engineering Graphics for Degree, K.C. John, PHI Publishers.

60 2010-2011



MATHEMATICAL METHODS

UNIT – I

Linear systems of equations: Rank-Echelon form, Normal form – Solutionof Linear Systems – Direct Methods- Gauss Elimination - Gauss Jordonand Gauss Seidal Methods.

UNIT – II

Eigen values - Eigen vectors – Properties – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem -Inverse and powers of a matrix by using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

UNIT-III

Quadratic forms- Reduction of quadratic form to canonical form – Rank -Positive, negative definite - semi definite - index – signature.

UNIT – IV

Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction – TheBisection Method – The Method of False Position – The Iteration Method– Newton-Raphson Method.

UNIT-V

Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation – Finitedifferences- Forward Differences- Backward differences –Central differences– Symbolic relations and separation of symbols-Differences of a polynomial-Newton’s formulae for interpolation – Interpolation with unevenly spacedpoints - Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.

UNIT – VI

Numerical Differentiation and Integration – Differentiation using finitedifferences - Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3 Rule –Simpson’s 3/8 Rule.

UNIT – VII

Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylor’sseries-Picard’s Method of successive Approximations-Euler’s Method-Runge-Kutta Methods –Predictor-Corrector Methods- Milne’s Method.


UNIT – VIII

Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line –Second degree curve-exponentialcurve-power curve by method of least squares.

TEXT BOOK :

1. Ravindranath, V. and Vijayalaxmi, A., A Text Book on MathematicalMethods, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.

REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Rukmangadachari, E. Mathematical Methods, Pearson Education,Delhi.

2. Kreszig, Erwin, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8 Ed., WileyStudent Edition.

3. Peter O’ Neil, Engineering Mathematics, Cengage Learning. Gordon,

62 2010-2011


I Year B. Tech. Aeronautical Engineering – II Sem.

ENGINEERING PHYSICS& ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYLABORATORY- II

PHYSICS LAB - II:

Electro-Magnetism and Electronics:

1. Determine the Planck’s constant using Photo-Ceil.

2. Study the variation of Magnetic Field along the axis of a solenoidcoil using Stewart - Gee’s apparatus.

3. Draw the Frequency Response curves of L-C-R Series and ParallelCircuits.

4. Determine the Time Constant for a C-R Circuit.

5. Determine the Band Gap of a Semi conductor using a p-n junctiondiode.

6. Study of Characteristic curves (l/V) of a Zener diode to determine itsBreakdown voltage.

7. Determine the Hall Coefficient of a Semiconductor.

8. Draw the characteristic curves and determine the Thermoelectriccoefficient of a Thermistor

9. Study the Seebeck and Peltier - Thermoelectric Effects and todetermine Coefficients and Thermo Electric Effect usingThermocouple.

10. Draw the Characteristic curves of a p-i-n and Avalanche PhotoDiodes.

11. Determination of Numerical Aperture and Bending losses of anOptical Fiber.

Manual Cum Record Books :

1. Manual cum Record for Engineering Phaysics Lab- II, by Prof.Sri M.Rama Rao, Acme Learning.. .

2. Lab manual - II, of Engineering Physics, Dr. Y.Aparna and


Dr.K.Venkateswara Rao, VGS Books links, Vijayawada.

CHEMISTRY LAB – II

1. PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL. INTRODUCTION TO BIOFUELS

The teacher has to perform the transesterfication reaction of FATTYACID and the Biodiesel thus produced can be used for analysis.(Please give priority to production of Biodiesel from waste cooking oil)

2. Estimation of properties of oil:

a. Acid Number

b. Viscosity

c. Saponification value

d. Aniline point

e. Flash and Fire points

f. Pour and Cloud point

3. PREPARATION OF PHENOL –FORMALDEHYDE RESIN

4. SOIL ANALYSIS:

pH, Determination of Zinc, Iron, Copper.

5. FOOD ANALYSIS:

Determination Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids, pH,etc.

All the teachers are requested to focus on bio fuels ,soil analysis andfood analysis as these are the need of 21 st century and these experimentsare so desigened to encourage students to carry out lab to land process.

Lab Manual : Engineering chemistry laboratory manual & record,

64 2010-2011

Srinivasulu . D. Parshva publications.



ENGLISH - COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB -II

UNIT-6

Dialogues

UNIT-7

Interviews

UNIT-8

Effective Telephonic Interviews

UNIT-9

Group Discussions

UNIT-10

Presentations

UNIT-11


Debates



IT WORKSHOP

Objectives:

The IT Workshop for engineers is a 6 training lab course spread over 45hours.

The modules include training on PC Hardware, Internet & World WideWeb and Productivity tools including (word processor, spread sheet,presentation sw) Word, spread sheet Excel, Power Point and Publisher.

PC Hardware Identification of basic peripherals, assembling a PC,installation of system software like MS Windows, Linux and the devicedrivers. Troubleshooting Hardware and software _ some tips and tricks .

Internet & World Wide Web: Different ways of hooking the PC on to theinternet from home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet,web browsers, email, newsgroups and discussion forums .Awareness ofcyber hygiene( protecting the personal computer from getting infectedwith the viruses), worms and other cyber attacks .

Productivity tools Crafting professional word documents; excel spreadsheets, power point presentations and personal web sites using theMicrosoft suite of office tools and LaTeX.

(Note: Student should be thoroughly exposed to minimum of 12 Tasks)

PC Hardware

Task 1: Identification of the peripherals of a computer.

To prepare a report containing the block diagram of the CPU along withthe configuration of each peripheral and its functions.

Task 2(Optional) : A practice on disassemble the components of a PC andassembling them to working condition.

Task 3 : Installation of MS windows and LINUX on a PC.

Task 4 : Exposure to Basic commands and system administration in Linux

66 2010-2011

including: Basic Linux commands in bash, Create hard and symbolic links.

Task 5 :

Hardware Troubleshooting (Demonstration):

Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to improperassembly or defective peripherals. Identification of a problem and fixingit for getting to working condition.

Software Troubleshooting (Demonstration): Students have to be given amalfunctioning CPU due to system software problems. Identification of aproblem and fixing it for getting to working condition.

Internet & World Wide Web

Task 6 : Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp and surfing the Webusing Web Browsers : Students should get connected to their Local AreaNetwork and access the Internet. In the process they should configure theTCP/IP setting and demonstrate how to access the websites and email.Students customize their web browsers using bookmarks, search toolbarsand pop up blockers.

Task 7: Search Engines & Netiquette : Students should know whatsearch engines are and how to use the search engines.

A few topics would be given to the students for which they need tosearch on Google.

Task 8 : Cyber Hygiene (Demonstration) : Awareness of various threatson the internet. To install an anti virus software and to configure theirpersonal firewall and windows update on their computers.

LaTeX and Word

Word Orientation : Importance of LaTeX and MS/ equivalent (FOSS) toolWord as word Processors.

Details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each,Using LaTeX and word – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files,Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.

Task 9 : Using LaTeX and word to create project certificate. Features tobe covered:-Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Texteffects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Headerand Footer, Using Date and Time option in both LaTeX and Word.


Task 10: Creating project : Abstract Features to be covered:-FormattingStyles, Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction,Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check , Track Changes,Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, FormattingImages, Textboxes and Paragraphs.

Excel

Excel Orientation : The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS/equivalent (FOSS) tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of thefour tasks and features that would be covered in each. Using Excel –

Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help andresources

Task 11 : Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered:- Gridlines,Format Cells, Summation, auto fill, Formatting Text

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP

Task 12 : Performance Analysis - Features to be covered:- Split cells,freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators,Conditional formatting

LaTeX and MS/equivalent (FOSS) tool Power Point

Task 13 : Students will be working on basic power point utilities and toolswhich help them create basic power point presentation. Topic coveredduring this week includes :- PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text,Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Linesand Arrows, Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Tables and Charts inboth LaTeX and Powerpoint.

Task 14 : Concentrating on the in and out of Microsoft power point andpresentations in LaTeX. Helps them learn best practices in designing andpreparing power point presentation. Topic covered during this week includes: -Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation,slide slotter, notes etc), Inserting – Background, textures, Design Templates,Hidden slides.

TEXT BOOKS :

1 Scott Mueller’s Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 18/e, Scott. Mueller,QUE, Pearson,2008

2 The Complete Computer upgrade and repair book,3/e,Cheryl ASchmidt, Dreamtech

68 2010-2011


II Year B. Tech. Petrochemical Engineering – I Sem.

MATHEMATICS – III

UNIT – I

Bessel functions – properties – Recurrence relations – Orthogonality.Legendre polynomials – Properties – Rodrigue’s formula – Recurrencerelations – Orthogonality.

UNIT-II

Functions of a complex variable – Continuity – Differentiability – Analyticity– Properties – Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian and polarcoordinates. Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions – Milne –Thompson method.

UNIT-III

Elementary functions: Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic functionsand their properties – General power Z C (c is complex), principal value.

UNIT-IV

Complex integration: Line integral – evaluation along a path and byindefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integralformula – Generalized integral formula.

UNIT-V

Complex power series: Radius of convergence – Expansion in Taylor’sseries, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent series. Singular point –Isolatedsingular point – pole of order m – essential singularity.

UNIT-VI

Residue – Evaluation of residue by formula and by Laurent series -Residue theorem.

Evaluation of integrals of the type

(a) Improper real integrals ∫∞

∞−dxxf )(


(b) ∫+ π

θθθ2

)sin,(cosc

cdf

(c) ∫∞

∞−dxxfeimx )( (d) Integrals by identation.

UNIT-VII

Argument principle – Rouche’s theorem – determination of number ofzeros of complex polynomials - Maximum Modulus principle - Fundamentaltheorem of Algebra, Liouville’s Theorem.

UNIT-VIII

Conformal mapping: Transformation by ze , lnz, z2, z n (n positive integer),Sin z, cos z, z + a/z. Translation, rotation, inversion and bilineartransformation – fixed point – cross ratio – properties – invarianceof circles and cross ratio – determination of bilinear transformationmapping 3 given points .

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz Bathul, PrenticeHall of India.

2. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-III T. K. V. Iyengar,B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc GrawHill.

2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley IndiaPvt. Ltd.

70 2010-2011


II Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. I-Sem.

GENERAL GEOLOGY

UNIT-I:

Dimensions of earth, structure, composition and origin of earth-envelopsof the Earth- crust, mantle, core. External dynamic process- weathering,geological work of wind-weathering, erosion and denudation, cycle oferosion, transportation and deposition.

UNIT-II:

Geological work of rivers, River systems-meandering, oxbow lakes, floodplains, Peneplains and deltas. Internal dynamic processes- Plate tectonics-continental drift, Earthquakes and volcanoes. Geological work of seas.Erosion and deposition.

UNIT-III:

Fundamental concepts in Geomorphology-geomorphic processes-distribution of landforms-drainage patterns –development. Morphometricanalysis of drainage basins, water sheds. Elements of hill slopes-pediment, bazadas.Landforms in relation to rocks types, paleochannels,buried channels.

UNIT-IV:

Soils types and their classification. coastal morphological processes. Fieldand laboratory map scales, Topographic maps, thematic maps, Topographicand Thematic profiles.

UNIT-V:

Structural, textural, and chemical classification and origin of igneous,sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary structures-petrographiccharacter of conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestones. Metamorphism-strucutral classification of shale, phyllite, schist, gneiss, marble. quarziteand granulites.

UNIT-VI:

Mechanism of Sedimentary Basin Formation: Basin of Active, PassiveMargins, Intracratonic Basins, Strike Slip Basins


UNIT-VII:

Science of minerals, physical and optical properties of minerals classification,

UNIT-VIII:

Palaeontology: Introduction to Paleontology, Fossils and Fossilization,Introduction and Importance to Invertebrate Paleontology;Micropaleontology: Morphology and Distribution of Microfossils(Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Conodonts, Ostracodes, Diatoms andPalynology), Importance of Microfossils in Petroleum Exploration

TEXT BOOK:

1. Engineering Geology by F.G.Bell, 2nd Edition,ButterworthHeimann,2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Text book of Geology, P.K Mukharje, The World Press Pvt Ltd.,Calcutta, 2005.

2. Rutleys Elements of Mineralogy, 27 Ed., N.H.Read, Allen & UnwinAustralia 1988.

72 2010-2011



SURVEYING

UNIT-I:

INTRODUCTION: Overview of plane surveying (chain, compass andplane table), Objectives, Principles and classifications.

UNIT-II:

DISTANCES AND DIRECTION: Distance measurement conventions andmethods; use of chain and tape, Electronic distance measurements,Meridians, Azimuths and Bearings, declination, computation of angle.

UNIT-III:

LEVELING AND CONTOURING: Concept and Terminology, Temporaryand permanent adjustments- method of leveling.

Characteristics and Uses of contours- methods of conducting contoursurveys and their plotting.

UNIT-IV:

COMPUTATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES: Area from field notes,computation of areas along irregular boundaries and

area consisting of regular boundaries. Embankments and cutting for alevel section and two level sections with and without

transverse slopes, determination of the capacity of reservoir, volume ofbarrow pits.

UNIT-V:

THEODOLITE: Theodolite, description, uses and adjustments – temporaryand permanent, measurement of horizontal and

vertical angles. Principles of Electronic Theodolite. Trigonometrical leveling,Traversing.

UNIT-VI:

TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING:

Stadia and tangential methods of Tacheometry. Distance and Elevationformulae for Staff vertical position.


UNIT-VII:

Curves: Types of curves, design and setting out – simple and compoundcurves.

UNIT-VIII:

Introduction to geodetic surveying, Total Station and Globalpositioning system, Introduction to Geographic information system (GIS).

TEXT BOOK:

1. Surveying (Vol – 1, 2 & 3), B.C.Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain and ArunKumar Jain - Laxmi Publications (P) ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Arthur R Benton and Philip J Taety, Elements of Plane Surveying,McGraw Hill, 2000.

74 2010-2011



ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT-I:

Stresses and strains: kinds of – stress-strains, elasticity and plasticity,Hooks law, stress –strain diagrams, modules of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio,linear and volumetric strain, relation between E, N, and K, bars of uniformstrength, compound bars and temperature stresses.

UNIT-II:

Types of supports – loads – Shear force and bending moment forcantilever and simply supported beams without overhanging for all typesof loads.

Theory of simple bending, simple bending formula, Distribution of Flexuraland Shear stress in Beam section – Shear stress formula – Shear stressdistribution for some standard sections

UNIT-III:

Thin cylindrical shells: stress in cylindrical shells due to internal pressures,circumferential stress, longitudinal stress, design of thin cylindrical shells,spherical shells, change in dimension of the shell due to internal pressure,change in volume of the shell due to internal pressure

Thick Cylinders : Lame’s equation- cylinders subjected to inside andoutside pressures

Columns and Struts.

UNIT-IV:

Steam boilers: classification of boilers, essentialities of boilers, selectionof boilers, study of boilers, Cochran boiler, Locomotive boiler, Lancashireboiler, Babcock and Wilcox boiler, boiler mountings and accessories.

UNIT-V:

Reciprocating air compressors: uses of compressed air, work done insingle stage and two-stage compression, inter cooling and simple problems.

UNIT-VI:

Internal combustion engines: classification of IC engines, basic engine


components and nomenclature, working principle of engines, Four strokesand two stroke petrol and diesel engines, comparison of CI and SIengines, comparison of four stroke and two stroke engines, simpleproblems such as indicated power, brake power, friction power, specificfuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiencyand mechanical efficiency.

UNIT-VII:

Belts –Ropes and chain: belt and rope drives, velocity ratio, slip, lengthof belt , open belt and cross belt drives, ratio of friction tensions,centrifugal tension in a belt, power transmitted by belts and ropes, initialtensions in the belt, simple problems.

UNIT-VIII:

Gear trains: classification of gears, gear trains velocity ratio, simple,compound –reverted and epicyclic gear trains.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Strength of Materials and Mechanics of Structures, B.C.Punmia,Standard Publications and distributions, 9th ed. (units I – III).

2. Thermal Engineering, Ballaney,P.L., Khanna Publishers, 2003 (UnitsIV-VI).

3. Theory of Machines , S.S. Rattan , Tata McGraw Hill (Units VII-VIII).

76 2010-2011



ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Part-A Electrical Engineering

UNIT - I

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS: Basic definitions, Types of net work elements,Ohm’s Law, Resistive networks, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Inductive networks,capacitive networks, Series, Parallel circuits and Star-delta and delta-startransformations.

UNIT - II

DC MACHINES : Principle of operation of DC Generator – emf equation- types – DC motor types –torque equation – applications – three pointstarter.

UNIT - III

TRANSFORMERS : Principle of operation of single phase transformers– emf equation – losses –efficiency and regulation

UNIT - IV

AC MACHINES : Principle of operation of alternators – regulation bysynchronous impedance method –Principle of operation of inductionmotor – slip – torque characteristics – applications.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Basic Electrical Engineering by Nagsarkar,Sukhija, OxfordPublications,2nd edition

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Basic Electrical Engineering by M.S.Naidu and S.Kamakshiah,TMHPublications

2. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering by Rajendra Prasad, PHIPublications,2nd edition

Part – B Electronics Engineering

UNIT V

DIODE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS: PN Junction Diode, Symbol, V-


I Characteristics, Diode Applications, Rectifiers – Half wave, Full waveand Bridge Rectifiers (Problems)

UNIT VI

TRANSISTORS: PNP and NPN Junction Transistor, Transistor as anAmplifier, Single Stage CE Amplifier, Frequency Response of CE Amplifier,Concepts of Feedback Amplifier, Necessary conditions for Oscillators,SCR Characteristics and applications

UNIT VII

INDUCTION HEATING: Theory of Induction Heating, Application toIndustries

DIELECTRIC HEATING: Theory of Dielectric Heating and its IndustrialApplications

ULTRASONICS: Generation, Flow detection and other Applications

UNIT VIII

TRANSDUCERS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: Principles of StrainGauge, LVDT, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Piezo-electric transistors, CROPrinciples and application, Voltage, Current and Frequency Measurements,Digital Multimeters.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits, R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,9th edition, PEI/PHI 2006.

2. Industrial Electronics by G.K. Mittal, PHI.

78 2010-2011



CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

UNIT-I:

Stoichiometric relation: basis of calculations, methods of expressingcompositions of mixtures and solutions, density and specific gravity,Baume and API gravity scales.

Behavior of Ideal gases: Kinetic theory of gases, application of ideal gaslaw, gaseous mixtures, gases in chemical reactions.

UNIT-II:

Vapor pressure: Liquefaction and liquid state, vaporization, boiling point,effect of temperature on vapor pressure, Antoine equation, vapor pressureplots, estimation of critical properties, vapor pressure of immiscible liquidsand ideal solutions, Raoult’s law. Non-volatile solutes.

UNIT-III:

Humidity and Saturation: Relative and percentage saturation or dew point,wet bulb and dry bulb temperature, use of humidity charts for engineeringcalculations.

UNIT-IV:

Material balances: Tie substance, Yield, conversion, processes involvingchemical reactions.

UNIT-V:

Material balance calculation involving drying, dissolution andcrystallization. Processes involving recycles, bypass and purge

UNIT-VI:

Thermophysics: Energy, energy balances, heat capacity of gases, liquidand mixture solutions. Kopp’s rule, latent heats, heat of fusion and heatof vaporization, Trouton’s rule, Kistyakowsky equation for non polarliquids enthalpy and its evaluation.

UNIT-VII:

Thermochemistry: Calculation and applications of heat of reaction,combustion, formation and neutralization, Kirchoff’s equation, enthalpy


concentration change, calculation of theoretical and actual flametemperatures

UNIT-VIII:

Combustion Calculations: Introduction, fuels, calorific value of fuels, coal,liquid fuels, gaseous fuels, air requirement and flue gases, combustioncalculations, incomplete combustion, material and energy balances, thermalefficiency calculations.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Chemical Process Principles, Part -I, Material and Energy Balancesby Hougen O A, Watson K.M. and Ragatz R.A. 2nd Ed., CbsPublishers & distributors, New Delhi (2010).

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering by D.H.Himmelblau, 7th Ed. PHI, New Delhi ( 2009).

80 2010-2011



BASIC ENGINEERING (Mech+Elec) LABORATORY

Any SIX experiments from each section

Section A : Mechanical Engineering Laboratory:

1. Draw the value timing diagram of a 4-stroke diesel engine and porttiming diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine.

2. Perform load test at full load, half load, 1/4 load on a 4-stroke Rustonengine and draw the performance curves.

3. I.C. Engines heat balance.4. Economical speed test of an IC engine.5. Performance test on variable compression ratio engines.6. Study of boilers.7. Find the volumetric efficiency, isothermal efficiency of the given

compressor.8. To determine the moment of inertia of a fly-wheel and shaft

experimentally and compare the values with the calculated values.9. To determine the modulus of rigidity of the material of the wire by

torsional oscillators.Section B : Electrical Engineering Laboratory:The following experiments are required to be conducted as compulsoryexperiments :1. Swinburne’s test on D.C. Shunt machine. (Predetermination of

efficiency of a given D.C. Shunt machine working as motor andgenerator).

2. OC and SC tests on single phase transformer (Predetermination ofefficiecy and regulation at given power factors)

3. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor (Determination of performancecharacteristics)

4. Regulation of alternator by Synchronous impedance method.5. Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor by

a) Armature Voltage control b) Field flux control method6. Brake test on D.C Shunt Motor




GEOLOGY LAB & SURVEYING LAB

GEOLOGY LAB

Geological - Field Mapping

Location of observed outcrops on the Toposheet. Geological mapping andTraversing.

Measurement of the strike, dip and apparent and true thickness of theoutcrops.

Carrying out sampling of the outcrops for petrological, palynological andpalentological studies.

Preparation of the geological map of the area, structure contour maps andisopach maps for different stratigraphic levels.

Preparation of litho stratigraphic columns, litho stratigraphic correlation,geological cross sections.

Preparation of structural contour map and location of Oil Water Contact(OWC)

Interpretation of isopach map and depositional model.

Field trips to the different deltaic environments of Godavari delta.

SURVEYING LAB

Study of linear measuring instruments and chain surveying.

Study of theodolite and traversing with theodolite,

Study of levels and ordinary leveling with tilting level, Profile leveling,

Study of total station and measurement with total station.

Study of Global Positioning System (GPS) and measurement with GPS.

82 2010-2011



ENGLISH COMMUNICATION PRACTICE-ILIFE, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE EXPLORATIONS-I

Purpose of the Course: English for Semesters 3 is designed to provide thelearners an opportunity to enhance their language skills through a readingof literary texts which will also help them relate themselves to differentcultures vis-à-vis their own. Independent reading is also expected toincrease spontaneity in expression among the learners.

Objectives: The Course aims at exposing the learners to nuances inculture, inculcating the habit of independent reading which provides thelearners an opportunity to develop critical thinking and analytical skillsthat can be applied to any subject.

Content of the course: The literary pieces are carefully chosen from acrosscultures as samples of contemporary life and issues of global interest.This is meant to encourage students to relate language to personalitydevelopment. In all, five stories have been selected for EnglishCommunication Practice.

Topics: Culture and traditions, philosophy, familial relationships, ethics,inter-personal relationships, ability to face disaster and poverty, tolerance.

Time frame/Hours of instruction: 2hrs per week (for pre-reading and postreading tasks of the lessons). Total number of hours per semester - 32.

Time Allocation: Reading of the text should be done at home. The classhours are meant for discussion, analysis and related activities. Projectshould be completed in consultation with the teacher.

Evaluation: The learner will be assessed on a continuous basis by wayof projects and work-sheets given at the end of each story.

Stories selected for English Communication Practice

Life, Language and Culture:

1. The Cop and the Anthem by O. Henry

2. The Festival of the Sacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka


(Based on the Travelogues of FA Hien Compiled by Ashok JainAssistedby Dhurjjati Sarma)

3. The Hawk and the Tree by Mohammad Azam Rahnaward Zaryab

4. To Be or Not To Be by Zaheda Hina

5. Bade Bhai Saab (My Elder Brother) by Munshi Premchand

TEXT BOOK:

1. Life, Language and Culture Explorations-I, Cengage Learning IndiaPvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

84 2010-2011



PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND MORALS -I

UNIT I

What is profession? - Engineering and Professionalism - Two model s ofProfessionalism - Three Types of Ethics or Morality – The Negative faceof Engineering Ethics - The Positive Face of Engineering Ethics -Responsibility in Engineering - Engineering Standards - The StandardCare – Blame-Responsibility and Causation

UNIT II

Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issues – types of inquiry moraldilemmas – moral autonomy – The problems of Many Hands – Kohlburg’stheory – Gilligan’s theory Impediments to Responsible Action

UNIT III

Engineering as social experimentation – Framing the problem – Determiningthe facts codes of ethics – clarifying Concepts – Application issues –Common Ground – General principles – Utilitarian thinking respect forpersons

UNIT IV

Engineer’s Responsibility for Safety – Social and Value dimensions ofTechnology - Technology Pessimism – The Perils of TechnologicalOptimism – The Promise of Technology – Computer Technology Privacyand Social Policy – Risk Benefit Analysis – Collegiality and loyalty–

BOOKS:

1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering” McGrawHill

2. Charles E Harris, Micheal J Rabins, “Engineering Ethics, CengageLearning".

3. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics forScientists and Engineers, Oxford University Press.

4. PSR Murthy, “Indian Culture Values and Professional Ethics”, BSPublications


5. Caroline Whitback< Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research,Cambridgs University Press,.

6. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, "Ethics in Engineering" McGrawHill.

7. Charles D Fleddermann, "Engineering Ethics", Prentice Hall.

8. George Reynolds, "Ethics in Information Technology", CengageLearning.

86 2010-2011


II Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. II-Sem.

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

UNIT-I

Probability: Sample space and events – Probability – The axioms ofprobability – Some Elementary theorems - Conditional probability – Baye’stheorem.

UNIT-II

Random variables – Discrete and continuous distributions - Distributionfunction.

UNIT-III

Binomial, Poisson, normal distribution – related properties. Momentgenerating function, Moments of standard distributions – properties.

UNIT-IV

Population and samples. Sampling distribution of mean (with known andunknown variance), proportion, variances. - Sampling distribution ofsums and differences. Point and interval estimators for means, variances,proportions.

UNIT-V

Statistical Hypothesis – Errors of Type I and Type II errors and calculation.One tail, two-tail tests. Testing hypothesis concerning means, proportionsand their differences using Z-test.

UNIT-VI

Tests of hypothesis using Student’s t-test, F-test and 2χ test.. Test ofindependence of attributes - ANOVA for one-way and two-way classifieddata.

UNIT-VII

Statistical Quality Control methods – Methods for preparing controlcharts – Problems using x-bar, p, R charts and attribute charts – SimpleCorrelation and Regression.


UNIT-VIII

Queuing Theory: Pure Birth and Death Process M/M/1 Model and SimpleProblems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Miller and John E. Freund,Prentice Hall of India.

2. Probability and Statistics, D. K. Murugeson & P. Guru Swamy,Anuradha Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Probability, Statistics and Random processes. T. Veerrajan, TataMc.Graw Hill, India.

2. Probability, Statistics and Queuing theory applications for ComputerSciences 2 ed, Trivedi, John Wiley.

88 2010-2011



PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

UNIT-I:

Source Rocks: Definition of source rock. Organic rich sediments assource rocks. Nature and type of source rocks - Claystone / shale. Theprocess of diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis in the formation ofsource rocks. Evaluation of petroleum source rock potential. Limestonesas source rocks. Coring in claystone/shales for source rock evaluation.Subsurface pressure temperature conditions for the generation of oil andgas from the source sediments. Oil window.

UNIT-II:

Reservoir Rocks: Characteristics of Reservoir rocks – classification andnomenclature: Clastic Reservoir Rocks, Carbonate Reservoir Rocks,Unconventional, fractured and miscellaneous reservoir rocks. Marine andnon marine reservoir rocks.

UNIT-III:

Reservoir pore space - porosity – primary and secondary porosity,Effective porosity, fracture porosity - permeability – effective and relativepermeability - Effects of diagenesis on reservoir quality, reservoircontinuity- Relationship between porosity, permeability and texture.

Classification and origin of pore space – Recrystallisation – Dolomitizationphenomenon – Cementation and compaction – Artificial or man madeporosity and permeability.

Cap rocks: Definition and characteristics of ‘cap Rocks’.

UNIT-IV:

Hydrocarbon migration: Geological framework of migration andaccumulation. The concept of hydrocarbon migration from source bedsto the carrier beds - Carrier beds to the reservoir - Free-path ways formigration - Short distance and long distance migration - Evidence formigration – oil and gas seepages.

The concept of buoyancy, capillary pressure and wettability in theprocess of migration of hydrocarbons – Tilted oil water contacts – Spillpoint.


UNIT-V:

Primary and secondary migration- Migration and accumulation ofhydrocarbons – Lateral migration and vertical migration – Factors effectingprimary and secondary migration – Time of accumulation.

UNIT-VI:

Entrapment of hydrocarbons: Mechanics of entrapment of hydrocarbons- Traps in the path of migration, entrapment and accumulation ofhydrocarbons - Classification and types of traps: Structural, stratigraphicand combination type of traps- Genesis of various types of Traps – Theanticlinal theory – traps caused by folding – Traps caused by faulting –Traps caused by fracturing.

Primary Stratigraphic Traps – Lenses and facies in chemical rocks –Porous carbonate facies – Organic reefs – Modern reefs – Fossil reefs –Productive reefs – Secondary stratigraphic traps – Salt domes – Origin ofsalt domes – Traps associated with salt domes.

UNIT-VII:

Sedimentary Basins: Sedimentary basins -origin and classification. Typesof basins and their relationship to hydrocarbon prospects. Basin locationand Crustal evolutions of sedimentary basins, Geosynclinal Basins, platetectonic theories, tectonic framework and classification of phenerozoicsedimentary basins of India.

UNIT-VIII:

Tectonic classification, stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbonaccumulations in the following basins of India

Cambay basin and Gulf of Cambay, Mumbai offshore, Cauvery basin,Krishna-Godavari basin, and Mahanadi and Mahanadi Offshore.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Levorsen, A.I. Geology of Petroleum, 1967, 2nd Edn., CBS, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Richard, C. Selley, 1998. Elements of Petroleum Geology, AcademicPress, London

2. Welte, D.H. Harsfield, B. and Baker, D.R. 1997. (Eds.). Petroleum andBasin Evolution, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

90 2010-2011



MATERIALS SCIENCE

UNIT-IIntroduction: Materials Science and Engineering, Classification ofEngineering materials, Levels of Structure, Structure-Property relationshipsin materialsCrystal Geometry And Structure Determination: Space lattice and limit cell.Bravais lattices, crystal systems with examples. Lattice coordinates, Millerindices, Bravais indices for directions and places: crystalline and noncrystalline solids; ionic, covalent and metallic solids; packing efficiency,ligancy and coordination number; structure determination by Brag’s X-raydiffraction and powder methods.UNIT-IIStructure of Solids: The crystalline and non crystalline statesinorganic solids: Covalent solids, metals and alloys, Ionic solids, Thestructure of silica and silicatespolymers: Classification of polymers, Structure of long chain polymers,Crystallinity of long chain polymersUNIT-IIICrystal Imperfection: Point defects, line defects-edge and screw dislocation,Burgers circuit and Burgers vectors, dislocation reaction, dislocationmotion, multiplication of dislocations during deformation , role of dislocationon crystal properties; surface defects, dislocations on crystal properties;surface defects; dislocation density and stress required to movedislocations.UNIT-IVPhase diagrams: The Phase rule, single component systems, binary phasediagrams, microstructural changes during cooling, The lever rule, sometypical phase diagrams, other applications of phase diagrams.UNIT-VElastic, Anelastic and Visco elastic behavior: Elastic Behavior : Atomicmodel of elastic behavior, the modulous as a parameter in design, rubberlike elasticity, Anelastic behavior: Relaxation processes-Viscoelasticbehavior: Spring-dashpot models


UNIT-VIPlastic deformation and Creep in crystalline materials:Plastic deformation: the tensile stress-strain curve, Plastic deformation byslip, the shear strength of perfect and real crystals, the stress to move adislocation, the effect of temperature on the stress to move a dislocation,multiplication of dislocations during deformation, work hardening anddynamic recovery, the effect of grain size on dislocation motion, the effectof solute atoms on dislocation motion, the effect of precipitate particleson dislocation motion.Creep: Mechanisms of Creep, creep resistant materialsUNIT-VIIFracture: Ductile fracture, Brittle fracture, fracture toughness, the ductile-brittle transition, methods of protection against failure, fatigue fracture.Oxidation and Corrosion: Mechanisms of Oxidation, Oxidation resistantmaterials.Corrosion: Principle of Corrosion, types of corrosion, protection againstcorrosion.Shaping, Strengthening and toughening processes: Solution hardening,Strain hardening and Annealing: cold work, Recrystallization,Recrystallization temperatures, Recrystallization rates, Processing Strain-Hardenable materialsUNIT-VIIIprecipitation hardening: Age hardening, Overaging, combined hardening,heat Treatments of steels: Annealing processes, Quenching and Temperingprocess, Hardenability of Steels: Hardenability curves, use of hardenabilitycurves, Tempered hardeness.Introduction to Nano-materials, Synthesis of nano-materials,Characterization of nano-materialsTEXT BOOK:1. Materials Science and Engineering; V. Raghavan; 5th Edition, PHI,

New Delhi (2009).

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Elements of Material Science and Engineering, Lawrence H. VanVlack, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi (1989).

92 2010-2011



MOMENTUM TRANSFER

UNIT-I:

Unit operations and unit processes, unit systems, basic concepts, natureof fluids, hydrostatic equilibrium, applications of fluid statics: U-Tube andInclined Manometers, Decanters, Centrifuges.

UNIT-II:

Fluid flow phenomena-Laminar flow, Shear rate, Shear stress, Rheologicalproperties of fluids, Turbulence, Boundary layers.

UNIT-III:

Basic equation of fluid flow –Mass balance in a flowing fluid; continuity,differential momentum balance; equations of motion, Macroscopicmomentum balances, Mechanical energy equations

UNIT-IV:

Incompressible and Compressible Flow in pipes and channels- shearstress and skin friction in pipes, laminar flow in pipes and channels,turbulent flow in pipes and channels, friction from changes in velocity ordirection.

UNIT-V:

Non Newtonian Fluids: Time Independent and Time dependent fluids,frictional losses in contractions, Expansions and fittings, Velocity profiles,Flow properties using rotational viscometer. Dimensional Analysis.

UNIT-VI:

Flow past immersed bodies, Drag and Drag coefficient, flow through bedsof solids, motion of particles through fluids. Fluidization, Conditions forfluidization, Minimum fluidization velocity, Types of fluidization, Expansionof fluidized bed, Applications of fluidization. Continuous fluidization;slurry and pneumatic transport

UNIT-VII:

Transportation and Metering of fluids- Pipes, fittings and valves, pumps:positive displacement pumps, and centrifugal pumps. Measurement offlowing fluids- full bore meters, insertion meters.


UNIT-VIII:

Flow of compressible fluids- Definitions and basic equations, Processesof compressible flow, Isentropic flow through nozzles, adiabatic frictionalflow, and isothermal frictional flow. Fans, blowers, and compressors,

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, W.L.McCabe, J.C.Smith &Peter Harriot, McGraw-Hill, 6th ed, 2001.

2. Transport Processes and Unit Operations, Christie J. Geankoplis,PHI (For Unit-V).

94 2010-2011



PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER

UNIT-I:

Introduction

Nature of heat flow, conduction, convection, natural and forced convection,radiation.

Heat transfer by conduction in Solids

Fourier’s law , thermal conductivity, steady state conduction in plane wall& composite walls, compound resistances in series, heat flow through acylinder, conduction in spheres, thermal contact resistance, plane wall:variable conductivity

Unsteady state heat conduction

Equation for one-dimensional conduction, Semi-infinite solid, finite solid.

UNIT-II:

Principles of heat flow in fluids

Typical heat exchange equipment, countercurrent and parallel currentflows, energy balances, rate of heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient,electrical analogy, critical radius of insulation, logarithmic mean temperaturedifference, variable overall coefficient, multi-pass exchangers, individualheat transfer coefficients, resistance form of overall coefficient, foulingfactors, classification of individual heat transfer coefficients, magnitudesof heat transfer coefficients, effective coefficients for unsteady-state heattransfer.

UNIT-III:

Heat Transfer to Fluids without Phase change

Regimes of heat transfer in fluids, thermal boundary layer, heat transfer byforced convection in laminar flow, heat transfer by forced convection inturbulent flow, the transfer of heat by turbulent eddies and analogybetween transfer of momentum and heat, heat transfer to liquid metals,heating and cooling of fluids in forced convection outside tubes.


UNIT-IV:

Natural convection

Natural convection to air from vertical shapes and horizontal planes, effectof natural convection in laminarflow heat transfer, free convection inenclosed spaces, mixed free & forced convection.

UNIT-V:

Heat transfer to fluids with phase change

Heat transfer from condensing vapors, heat transfer to boiling liquids.

UNIT-VI:

Heat exchange equipment

General design of heat exchange equipment, heat exchangers, condensers,boilers and calendrias, extended surface equipment, heat transfer inagitated vessels, scraped surface heat exchangers, heat transfer in packedbeds, heat exchanger effectiveness (NTU method)

UNIT-VII:

Evaporators

Evaporators, performance of tubular evaporators, capacity and economy,multiple effect evaporators, vapour recompression.

UNIT-VIII:

Radiation

Introduction, properties and definitions, black body radiation, real surfacesand the gray body, absorption of radiation by opaque solids, radiationbetween surfaces, radiation shielding, radiation to semi transparentmaterials, combined heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, McCabe, Smith and PeterHarriot, McGraw-Hill 5th edition 1993.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Process heat transfer D.Q.Kern, Tata McGraw-Hill,1997

96 2010-2011



THERMODYNAMICS FOR PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

UNIT-I:

Introduction: The scope of thermodynamics, defined quantities;temperature, volume, pressure, work, energy, heat, Joules Experiments, SIunits.

The first law and other basic concepts: The first law of thermodynamics,thermodynamic state and state functions, enthalpy, the steady-state steady-flow process, equilibrium, the reversible process, constant-V and constant-P processes, heat capacity.

UNIT-II:

Volumetric properties of pure fluids: The PVT behavior of pure substances,virial equations, the ideal gas, the applications of the virial equations,Cubic equations of state, generalized correlations for gases.

UNIT-III:

The second law of thermodynamics: Statements of the second law, heatengines, thermodynamic temperature scales, thermodynamic temperatureand the ideal-gas scale, Entropy, Entropy changes of an ideal gas,mathematical statement of the second law, the third law of thermodynamics.Mollier diagram and steam tables.

UNIT-IV

Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids: Property relations for homogeneousphases, Residual properties, Generalized property correlations for gases.

Thermodynamics of flow processes; principles of conservation of massand energy for flow systems, analysis of expansion processes; turbines,throttling; compression processes –compressors and pumps; calculationof ideal work and last work. Examples on hydrocarbons and natural gas.

UNIT-V:

Solution thermodynamics: Fundamental property relation, chemicalpotential as a criterion for phase equilibrium, partial properties, ideal gasmixtures, fugacity and fugacity coefficient for pure species, fugacity andfugacity coefficient for species in solutions, generalized correlations for


Fugacity coefficient, The ideal solutions, excess properties, models forexcess Gibbs Energy.

UNIT-VI:

VLE at low to moderate pressures: The nature of equilibrium, the phaserule, Duhem’s theorem, VLE: Qualitative behavior, the gamma /Phiformulation of VLE, Dew point and bubble point calculations, flashcalculations, solute (1)/solvent (2) systems

UNIT-VII:

Thermodynamic properties and VLE from equations of state: propertiesof fluids from the virial equations of state, properties of fluids from cubicequations of state, fluid properties from correlations of the Pitzer type,VLE from cubic equations of state. Property Correlations for hydrocarbonsand their mixtures. Algorithms and software packages for calculation ofVLE of hydrocarbaon mixtures at low and high pressures.

UNIT-VIII:

Topics in phase Equilibria: Equilibrium and stability, liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE), vapor- liquid–liquid equilibrium (VLLE), solid-liquid equilibrium(SLE), solid vapor equilibrium (SVE), equilibrium absorption of gases onsolids.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, J.M. Smith,H.C. Van Ness and M.M. Abbott, 7th ed. McGraw Hill, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions. M. R. Riaze,ASTM, USA, 2005.

2. Equation of state and PVT analysis. Tarek Ahmed, Gulf publishingcompany, Houston, 2007.

98 2010-2011



MOMENTUM TRANSFER LAB

1. Identification of laminar and turbulent flowsMajor equipment - Reynolds apparatus

2. Measurement of point velocitiesMajor equipment - Pitot tube setup

3. Verification of Bernoulli’s equationMajor equipment – Bernoulli’s Apparatus

4. Calibration of RotameterMajor equipment – Rotameter Assembly

5. Variation of Orifice coefficient with Reynolds NumberMajor equipment - Orifice meter Assembly

6. Determination of Venturi coefficientMajor equipment – Venturi meter Assembly

7. Friction losses in Fluid flow in pipesMajor equipment - Pipe Assembly with provision for Pressuremeasurement

8. Pressure drop in a packed bed for different fluid velocitiesMajor equipment - Packed bed with Pressure drop measurement

9. Pressure drop and void fraction in a fluidized bedMajor equipment - Fluidized bed with Pressure drop measurement

10. Studying the coefficient of contraction for a given open orificeMajor equipment - Open Orifice Assembly

11. Studying the coefficient of discharge in a V-notchMajor equipment - V-notch Assembly

12. Studying the Characteristics of a centrifugal pumpMajor equipment - Centrifugal Pump

13. Viscosity determination using Stoke’s law.Major equipment – Terminal Velocity determination column




PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LAB

1. Determination of total thermal resistance and thermal conductivity ofcomposite wall.Major equipment - Composite wall Assembly

2. Determination of thermal conductivity of a metal rod. Major equipment- Thermal Conductivity apparatus

3. Determination of natural convective heat transfer coefficient for avertical tube. Major equipment - Natural convection heat transferapparatus

4. Determination of critical heat flux point for pool boiling of water.Major equipment- Pool boiling apparatus

5. Determination of forced convective heat transfer coefficient for airflowing through a pipe. Major equipment – Forced convection heattransfer apparatus

6. Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient in double pipe heatexchanger. Major equipment - Double pipe heat exchanger apparatus

7. Study of the temperature distribution along the length of a pin-finunder natural and forced convection Conditions. Major equipment- Pin fin apparatus

8. Estimation of un-steady state film heat transfer coefficient betweenthe medium in which the body is cooled.

Major equipment - Heat transfer coefficient determination apparatus.

9. Determination of Stefan – Boltzmann constant. Major equipment -Stefan Boltzmann apparatus

10. Determination of emissivity of a given plate at various temperatures.Major equipment - Emissivity determination apparatus

11. Determination of radiation constant of a given surface. Majorequipment - Emissivity determination apparatus.

100 2010-2011



ENGLISH COMMUNICATION PRACTICE - II

Name of the Course: Explorations II

Life, Language and Culture

Purpose of the Course: English for Semester 4 is designed to provide thelearners an opportunity to enhance their language skills through a readingof literary texts which will also help them relate themselves to differentcultures vis-à-vis their own. Independent reading is also expected toincrease spontaneity in expression among the learners.

Objectives: The Course aims at exposing the learners to nuances inculture, inculcating the habit of independent reading which provides thelearners an opportunity to develop critical thinking and analytical skillsthat can be applied to any subject.

Content of the course: The literary pieces are carefully chosen from acrosscultures as samples of contemporary life and issues of global interest.This is meant to encourage students to relate language to personalitydevelopment. In all, five literary pieces for Explorations II have beenselected and another showcasing a holistic approach to life that can helpone develop into better individuals and professionals.

Topics: Culture and traditions, philosophy, familial relationships, ethics,inter-personal relationships, ability to face disaster and poverty, tolerance.

Time frame/Hours of instruction: 2 hrs per week (for pre-reading andpost reading tasks of the lessons). Total number of hours per semester -32.

Time Allocation for each unit: Reading of the text should be done athome. The class hours are meant for discussion, analysis and relatedactivities. Project should be completed in consultation with the teacher.

The title of the book

Explorations- II Life, Language and Culture

The stories included are

1. Morning Bells by Jayashree Mohanraj

2.The Power of the Plate of Rice by Ifeoma Okoye


3. Famadihana and the Other Rituals by Jayashree Mohanraj

4. Dial “000” by Barry Rosenberg

5. Tsunami Religion by Anjali Prashar

1. Prescribed Textbook

Life, Language and Culture: Explorations -2, Cengage Learning India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

102 2010-2011



PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND MORALS -II

UNIT I

Human Values - Morals, Values, and Ethics – Integrity - Work Ethic –Service Learning – Civic Virtue – Respect for Others – Living Peacefully– caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing Time – Co-operation– Commitment – Empathy – Self-Confidence – Spirituality – Character

UNIT II

Engineering Ethics – consensus – controversy – Models of ProfessionalRoles – theories about right action – Self – interest – customs and religion– uses of ethical theories

UNIT III

Engineer’s Responsibility for Rights - respect for authority – conflicts ofinterest-Occupational crime – professional rights and employee rights –Communicating Risk and Public Policy- collective bargaining

UNIT IV

Global Issues- Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics –Engineers as Managers, Advisors, and experts witnesses – moral leadershipsample code of ethics like ASME, ASCE, IEEE, IETE, Institute of Engineers– Problem of Bribery, Extortion and Grease payments – Problem ofNepotism, Excessive Gifts – Paternalism – Different business practices –Negotiating Taxes

BOOKS:

1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering” McGrawHill

2. Charles E Harris, Micheal J Rabins, “Engineering Ethics, CengageLearning".

3. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics forScientists and Engineers, Oxford University Press.

4. PSR Murthy, “Indian Culture Values and Professional Ethics”, BSPublications


5. Caroline Whitback< Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research,Cambridgs University Press,.

6. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, "Ethics in Engineering" McGrawHill.

7. Charles D Fleddermann, "Engineering Ethics", Prentice Hall.

8. George Reynolds, "Ethics in Information Technology", CengageLearning.

104 2010-2011


III Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. I-Sem.

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

UNIT-I

Introduction: Overview of petroleum exploration- Global petroleumexploration scenario with Indian context.

UNIT-II

Geological and geochemical methods of hydrocarbon exploration.

UNIT-III

Sedimentlogical and biostratigraphic approaches in hydrocarbonexploration.

UNIT-IV

Basic concepts of magnetic methods: The geomagnetic field- Magneticanomalies- Magnetic survey-instruments- Field method of magnetic surveys-Reduction of magnetic data-Diurnal correction and geomagnetic correction-Interpretation of magnetic anomaly- Response of magnetic method fordifferent type of bodies and geological structure- Application of magneticsurveys both overland and from air.

UNIT- V

Basic concepts of gravity methods: Newton’s gravitational law- Units ofgravity- Gravity measuring instruments- Gravity survey- Gravity anomalies-Gravity data reduction- Drift- latitude- Elevation and free air correction-Free air & bouguer anomalies- Gravity response of simple shapes-Interpretation of gravity anomalies- Application of gravity methods.

UNIT-VI

Basic Concepts of seismic methods: Seismic refraction surveys- Geometryof refracted path, planar interface- Two layer case with horizontal interface-Methodology of refraction profiling- Recording instruments & energysources- Corrections applied to refraction data Interpretation of refractiondata- Application of seismic refraction method.

UNIT-VII

Geometry of reflected ray path: Single horizontal reflector- The reflectionseismograph and seismogram (Seismic traces)- Importance of seismic


reflection survey over seismic refraction survey technique- Commondepth point (CDP) profiling & stacking- 2D, 3D, & 4D seismic surveys-Field procedures & principles- Time corrections applied to seismic data-Data processing- Interpretation of reflection data- Introduction to 3D dataacquisition & interpretation.

UNIT-VIII

Well seismic shooting for velocity determination and Vertical SeismicProfiling (VSP).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Milton B. Dobrin, and CarlH. Savit, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.

2. Outlines of Geophysical Prospecting: A Manual for Geologists, M.B.Ramachandra Rao, EBD Educational Pvt Ltd., 1993.

3. Field Geophysics, John Milsom and Asger Eriksen, 4th Edition, JohnWiley, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Elements of Geology: Oil and Gas Exploration Techniques, J. Guillemot,Technip 1991.

106 2010-2011



WELL LOGGING & FORMATION EVALUATION

UNIT-I

Concepts of well logging: What is well logging? - Logging terminology-Borehole environment- Borehole temperature and pressure- Log headerand depth scale- Major components of well logging unit and loggingsetup- Classification of well logging methods- Log presentation- Logquality control.

UNIT-II

Open hole logging: SP Logging- Origin of SP- Uses of SP log- Calculationof salinity of formation water-Shalyness- Factors influence SP log.

Caliper log: Principle and application of caliper tool.

Gamma ray log: Principle of radioactivity- Uses of gamma ray log-Determination of shalyness of formation- API counts- Calibration ofgamma ray tool- Statistical fluctuation- Time constant.

Natural spectral gamma ray log: Principle and application.

UNIT-III

Resistivity log: Single point resistance log (SPR)- Conventional resistivitylogs- Response of potential and gradient logs over thin and thick conductiveand resistive formations- Limitations of conventional resistivity tools-Focused resistivity log- Advantages of focused resistivity tools overconventional resistivity tools.

Micro resistivity log: Conventional and focused micro resistivity logs andtheir application.

Induction log: Principle of induction tool and the advantages- Criteria forselection of induction and lateral logging tool- Determination of trueresistivity (Rt) of the formation- Resistivity index- Archie’s equation.

UNIT-IV

Density log: Principle of density tool- Environmental corrections- Porositydetermination- Tool calibration- Litho density log- Synthetic seismograms.

Neutron log: Principle and application of neutron tool- Porositydetermination.


Sonic log: Principle and application of sonic log- Bore hole compensation-Determination of primary and secondary porosity.

UNIT-V

Cased hole logging: Gamma ray spectral log- Neutron decay time log-Determination of fluid saturation behind casing- Cement bond log- Casingcollar log- Depth control- Perforation technique- Free point locater andplug setting- Casing inspection logs.

Production logging: Solving production problems with the help of fluiddensity log- Temperature log and flow meter logs.

UNIT-VI

Advances in well logging: Dip meter log- Formation tester- Image logs-Cased hole resistivity logs- Nuclear magnetic resonance log.

UNIT-VII

Interpretation: Quick look interpretation- Cross plots- Neutron- Density-Sonic- Neutron cross plots-Hingle plot- Mid plot - Correlation- Hydrocarbonreserve estimate.

UNIT-VIII

Direct Methods: Mud logging- Coring – Conventional and sidewall coring- Core analysis.

Well logging applications: Ground water- Mineral exploration (magneticsusceptibility log)- Hydrocarbon exploration- Engineering applications(Determination of mechanical properties of rock, Elastic constants, Fracturesetc.).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Formation Evaluation, Edward J. Lynch, Harper & Row, 1962.

2. Well logging and Formation Evaluation, Toby Darling, Elsevier, NewYork, 2005.

3. Well Logging & Reservoir Evaluation, Oberto Serra, Editions Technip,2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hydrocarbon Well Logging Recommended Practice, Society ofProfessional Well Log Analysts.

108 2010-2011

2. Open – Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation, Richard M.Batemons, International Human Resources Development Corporation,Bostan, 1985.

3. Well Logging for Earth Scientists, Darwin V. Ellis, Julian M. Singer,Springer, 2007.

4. Fundamentals of Well Log Interpretation: The Acquisition of Data,Oberto Serra, Elsevier, 1984.

5. Well Logging Handbook, Oberto Serra, Editions Technip, 2008.




DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

Overview of drilling & well completion: Drilling Planning Approaches-Drilling team- Types of drilling.

UNIT-II

Rotary bit technology- Drilling string basics.

UNIT-III

Drilling fluids and hydraulics: Drilling fluid economics- Drilling fluidproperties- Drilling fluid report hydraulics calculations- Bit Hydraulics-Optimization- Swab & Surge-pressures- Mud hydraulics analysis report.

UNIT-IV

Casing & cementation: Casing standards- Casing coupling- Cementing:Introduction cement slurries-Typical field calculations- Cementingnomenclature- Cement additives- Casing & cementing analysis report.

UNIT-V

Directional drilling: Applications- Well planning- Down-hole motors-Deflection tools and techniques- Face orientation- Direction control withrotary assemblies- Navigation drilling systems- Horizontal wells-Fishingoperations- MWD, LWD & ERD and Bi-centric bits.

UNIT-VI

Stuck pipe, well control: Kicks- Kick control- Pressure control theory-BOP-Special kick problems and procedures to free the pipes.

UNIT-VII

Driller’s logs: Sample logs- Miscellaneous logging devices.

Formation damage: Causes- Prevention of formation damage- Quantitativeanalysis of formation damage.

Drill stem testing: General procedure- General consideration- Test toolcomponents and arrangement- Qualitative pressure chart analysis- Analysisof test data- Wire line formation testing.

110 2010-2011

UNIT-VIII

Disposing of the drilling fluids waste and drill cuttings waste.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion, Carl Gatlin,Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1960.

2. Drilling Engineering, J.J. Azar and G.Robello Samuel, PennWell Books,2007.

3. Working Guide to Drilling Equipment and Operations, William Lyons,Gulf Publishing, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Oil Well Drilling Engineering: Principles and Practice, H. Rabia,Graham & Trotman, 1985.

2. Drilling Engineering: A Complete Well Planning Approach, NealAdams, Tommie Charrier Pennwell, 1985.

3. Practical Well Planning and Drilling Manual, Steve Devereux,Pennwell, 1998.

4. Primer of Oil Well Service, Workover and Completion, PetroleumExtension Service, University of Texas at Austin, 1997.

5. Formulas and Calculation for Drilling, Production and workover,Norton J. Lapeyrouse, 2nd Edition, Gulf Publishing, 2002.

6. Applied Drilling Engineering, Adam T. Bourgoyne Jr., Keith K.Millheim, Martine E. Chenevert and F. S. Young Jr., Society ofPetroleum Engineers, 1991.

7. Well Engineering and Construction, Hussain Rabia, EntracConsulting, 2002.

8. Drilling Fluids Processing Handbook, ASME Shale Shaker Committee,Gulf Professional Publishing, 2005.

9. Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering, Robert F. Mitchell, Stefan Z.Miska, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011.




PETROLEUM REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Origin, formation and composition of petroleum: Origin and formation ofpetroleum- Reserves and deposits of world- Indian Petroleum Industry.

UNIT-II

Petroleum processing data: Evaluation of petroleum-Thermal propertiesof petroleum fractions-Important products- Properties and test methods.

UNIT-III

Fractionation of petroleum: Dehydration and desalting of crudes- Heatingof crude pipe still heaters- Atmospheric and vacuum distillations- Blendingof gasoline.

UNIT-IV

Treatment techniques: Fraction- Impurities- Treatment of gasoline-Treatment of kerosene- Treatment of lubes.

UNIT-V

Thermal and catalytic processes: Cracking- Catalytic cracking- Catalyticreforming- Hydrocracking-coking- Hydrogenation processes- Alkylation’sprocesses- Isomerization process.

UNIT-VI

Petrochemical Industry – Feed stocks-Naphtha cracking-Gas cracking andGas reforming.

UNIT-VII

Chemicals from gas reforming: Methanol- Acetic acid- Ammonia andurea.

UNIT-VIII

Olefins feed stock for polymers: LDPE, HDPE & LLDPE and Polypropylene-MEG- Ethyl benzene-styrene and polystyrene.

112 2010-2011

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, J.H. Gary andG.E.Handwerk, 4th Edition, Marcel Dekkar, Inc., 2001.

2. Modern Petroleum Refining Processes, B.K. Bhaskara Rao, 5th Edition,Oxford & IBH Publishing, 2011.

3. Petrochemical Process Technology, ID Mall, Macmillan India Ltd.,2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Petroleum Refining Engineering, WL Nelson, 4th Edition, Mc GrawHill Company, 1958.

2. Chemical Technology of Petroleum, W.S.Gruese and D.R. Stevens,McGraw Hill, 1960.

3. Fundamentals of Petroleum Chemical Technology, P Belov, MirPublishers, 1970.

4. Petrochemical Processes, A. Chauvel and G.Lefebvre, Volume 1 & 2,Gulf Publishing Company, 1989.

5. Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes, Sami Mater, Lewis F. Hatch,2nd Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001.

6. Chemicals from Petroleum: An Introductory Survey, Waddams, A.L.,4th Edition, Gulf Publishing, 1978.

7. Handbook of Petrochemicals Production Processes, R.A. Meyers,TRW,Inc., 2005.

8. Petrochemicals, P.Wiseman, Ellis Horwood, 1986.

9. Petrochemical Processes Handbook, Hydrocarbon Processing, 2010.




PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT-I

Elements of instruments- Static and dynamic characteristics- Basic conceptsof response of first order type instruments- Mercury in glass thermometer-Bimetallic thermometer- Pressure spring thermometer- Static accuracy andresponse of thermometry.

UNIT-II

Thermo electricity: Industrial thermocouples- Thermo couple wires-Thermo couple wells and response of thermo couples.

UNIT-III

Thermal coefficient of resistance- Industrial resistance- Thermometer bulbsand circuits- Radiation receiving elements- Radiation photo electric andoptical pyrometers.

UNIT-IV

Composition analysis- Spectroscopic analysis by absorption, emission,mass and color measurement spectrometers- Gas analysis by thermalconductivity- analysis of moisture by refractometer.

UNIT-V

Pressure, vacuum and head: liquid column manometers- Measuringelements for gauge pressure and vacuum- Indicating elements for pressuregauges- Measurement of absolute pressure- Measuring pressure incorrosive liquids- Static accuracy and response of pressure gauges.

UNIT-VI

Head, density and specific gravity- Direct measurement of liquid level-Pressure measurement in open vessels- Level measurements in pressurevessels- Measurement of interface level- Density measurement and levelof dry materials.

UNIT-VII

Head flow meters- Area flow meters- Open channel meters- Viscositymeters- Quantity meters- Flow of dry materials- Viscosity measurements.

114 2010-2011

UNIT-VIII

Recording instruments- Indicating and signaling instruments- Transmissionof instrument readings- Controls center- Instrumentation diagram andprocess analysis- Digital instrumentation.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Industrial Instrumentation, Donald P.Eckman, CBS, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation, Patranabis, 2nd Edition, TataMc Graw-Hill, 1996.

2. Process Control and Instrumentation Technology, Curtis D. Johnson,3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1988.

3. Process Instrumentation Applications Manual, Bob Connell, 2nd

Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, 1995.




PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

UNIT I

Introduction to process dynamics and control- Response of First OrderSystems - Physical examples of first order systems.

UNIT-II

Response of first order systems in series- Higher order systems- Secondorder and transportation lag.

UNIT-III

Control systems controllers and final control elements- Block diagram ofa chemical rector control system.

UNIT-IV

Closed loop transfer functions -Transient response of simple controlsystems.

UNIT-V

Stability criterion- Routh Test- Root locus.

UNIT-VI

Transient response from root locus- Application of root locus to controlsystems Introduction to frequency response- Control systems design byfrequency response.

UNIT-VII

Advanced control strategies- Cascade control- Feed forward control-Ratio control- Smith predictor- Dead time compensation- Internal modelcontrol.

UNIT-VIII

Controller tuning and process identification- Control valves.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Process Systems Analysis and Control, D.R. Coughanowr, 2nd Edition,McGraw Hill, 1991.

116 2010-2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Chemical Process Control, G. Stephanopoulos, Prentice Hall, 1984.

2. Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering: Chemical andBiochemical Reactors and Process Control, Richardson J. F. et.al,Volume 3, 3rd Edition, Elsevier India, 2006.

3. Automatic Process Control, Donald P. Eckman, John wiley, Reprint2011.

4. Process Dynamics and Control, Dale Seaborg, Thomas F. Edgar,Duncan Mellichamp, 2nd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2006.

5. Principles of Process Control, Patranabis, 3rd Edition McGraw-HillEducation Pvt. Ltd., 2012.

6. Industrial Process Control Systems, Dale R. Patrick, Stephon, W.Fardo, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 2009.

7. Modern Control Systems, 11th Edition, Dorf Pearson, 2008.

8. Modern Control Engineering, Katsuhiko Ogata, 5th Edition, PrenticeHall, 2010.

9. Principles and Practices of Automatic Process Control, Carlos A.Smith, Armando B. Corripio, 3rd International Edition, John Wiley andSons, 2005.

10. Process Control: Concepts, Dynamics & Control, S. K. Single, PHILearning, 2009.

11. Process Control, Peter Harriott, Tata McGraw-Hill 1964. (10th Editionreprint 2008).

12. Computer- Aided Process Control, S. K. Singh, PHE Learning, 2004.

13. Essentials of Process Control, William L. Luyben, Michacl L. Luyben,McGraw-Hill, 1997.




INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL LAB

1. Calibration and determination of time lag of various first and secondorder instruments.

Major equipment - First order instrument like Mercury in Glassthermometer and overall second order instrument like Mercury inGlass thermometer in a thermal well.

2. Experiments with single and two capacity systems with and withoutinteraction.

Major equipment- Single tank system, two tank systems (Interactingand Non-Interacting).

3. Level control trainer

Major equipment - Level control trainer set up with computer.

4. Temperature control trainer

Major equipment - Temperature control trainer with computer.

5. Cascade control

Major equipment - Cascade control apparatus with computer.

6. Experiments on proportional, reset, rate mode of control etc.

Major equipment – PID control apparatus

7. Control valve characteristics

Major equipment – Control valve set up.

8. Estimation of damping coefficient for U-tube manometer

Major equipment - U-tube manometer.

118 2010-2011



PETROLEUM ANALYSIS LAB

1. Determination of Distillation characteristics of crude oil & gasoline.

2. Determination of Reid vapor pressure of crude oil & gasoline.

3. Determination of Viscosity of diesel and transformer oils.

4. Determination of Smoke point of kerosene.

5. Determination of Carbon residue of petroleum oils.

6. Determination of Flash & Fire points of gasoline, kerosene andother products.

7. Estimation of Water content in petroleum products.

8. Estimation of calorific value of LPG/gasoline.

9. Determination of Aniline point of gasoline and diesel oil.

10. Determination of Softening point of bitumen.

11. Determination of Cloud & Pour points of petroleum products.

12. Detection of Corrosiveness of petroleum products.




INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PATENTS – I

UNIT I

Introduction to Intellectual Property Law – The Evolutionary Past - TheIPR Tool Kit- Para -Legal Tasks in Intellectual Property Law – Ethicalobligations in Para Legal Tasks in Intellectual Property Law - Introductionto Cyber Law – Innovations and Inventions Trade related IntellectualProperty Right

UNIT II

Introduction to Trade mark – Trade mark Registration Process – Postregistration Procedures – Trade mark maintenance - Transfer of Rights -Inter partes Proceeding – Infringement - Dilution Ownership of Trade mark– Likelihood of confusion - Trademarks claims – Trademarks Litigations– International Trade mark Law

UNIT III

Introduction to Copyrights – – Principles of Copyright Principles -Thesubjects Matter of Copy right – The Rights Afforded by Copyright Law– Copy right Ownership, Transfer and duration – Right to prepareDerivative works – Rights of Distribution – Rights of Perform the workPublicity Copyright Formalities and Registrations - Limitions - Copyrightdisputes and International Copyright Law – Semiconductor Chip ProtectionAct

UNIT IV

Introduction to Trade Secret – Maintaining Trade Secret – PhysicalSecrurity – Employee Limitation - Employee confidentiality agreement -Trade Secret Law - Unfair Competation – Trade Secret Letigation – Breachof Contract – Applying State Law

BOOKS:

1. Deborah E.Bouchoux: “Intellectual Property”. Cengage learning , NewDelhi

2. Kompal Bansal & Parishit Bansal "Fundamentals of IPR for Engineers",BS Publications (Press)

120 2010-2011

3. Cyber Law. Texts & Cases, South-Western’s Special Topics Collections4. Prabhuddha Ganguli: ‘ Intellectual Property Rights” Tata Mc-Graw –

Hill, New Delhi

5. Richard Stim: "Intellectual Property", Cengage Learning, New Delhi.

6. R. Radha Krishnan, S. Balasubramanian: "Intellectual Property Rights",Excel Books. New Delhi.

7. M.Ashok Kumar and Mohd.Iqbal Ali: “Intellectual Property Right”Serials Pub.




INDUSTRIAL VISITS

During the semester, all the students are required to visit minimum 6 majorpetroleum industries like ONGC, RIL, GAIL, OIL India Ltd., and PetroleumRefineries like HPCL, IOCL, CPCL accompanied by two faculty members.After each visit, every student should submit a very brief report on theindustry with flow diagrams and salient features of the processes thatinclude safety and environmental aspects.

122 2010-2011


III Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. II-Sem.

WELL COMPLETIONS & TESTING

UNIT-I

Well completion: Types of wells- Completion functions- Types ofcompletion.

UNIT-II

Mechanical aspects of well testing- Cased hole logging equipment andapplication and perforation methods and perforation equipment.

UNIT-III

Packers: Function- Application- Proper selection- water / gas shot off,horizon separation, etc.

UNIT-IV

Completion equipment (SSD, SSSV, mandrels, locks etc.)- Data acquisitionin wells- Fibre optics- Permanent gauges- Memory gauges- SCADAsystems- Intelligent completion equipment.

UNIT-V

Tubing string design (dimension, materials and connections etc.) basedon pressure, temperature, operating conditions- Media- Safety requirements.

UNIT-VI

HPHT and horizontal well completions- Workover equipment wireline-Scrubbing unit- Coil tubing completion and work over design and execution.

UNIT-VII

Introduction to well servicing and stimulation system – Objectives andapplications.

UNIT-VIII

Pressure build up& Pressure draw down tests- Multirate tests- Analysisof well tests using type curves-Other well tests- Flow after flow tests ingas wells- Isochronal & modified isochronal tests- Use of pseudo pressurein gas well test analysis.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Well Completion and Servicing, D. Perrin, Micheal Caron, GeorgesGaillot, Editions Technip, 1999.

2. Primer of Well Service, Workover and Completion, PetroleumExtension Service (PETEX), University of Texas at Austin, 1997.

3. Well Testing, John Lee, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1982.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Well Completion Design, Jonathan Bellarby, Elsevier, 2009.

2. Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practice, J.S Archer & C.G.Wall, Graham & Trotman, Inc., 1986.

3. Advanced Well Completion Engineering, Wan Renpu, GulfProfessional Publishing, 2011.

124 2010-2011



PETROLEUM RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Some basic concepts in reservoir engineering: Calculation of hydrocarbonvolumes- Fluid pressure regimes- Oil recovery and recovery factor-Volumetric gas reservoir engineering – Application of the real gas equationof state - Gas material balance and recovery factor- Hydrocarbon phasebehavior.

UNIT-II

PVT analysis for oil: Definition of the basic PVT parameters – Collectionof fluid samples - Determination of the basic parameters in the laboratoryand conversion for field operating conditions - Alternative manner ofexpressing PVT lab analysis results - Complete PVT analysis.

UNIT-III

Material balance applied to oil reservoirs: General form -The materialbalance expressed as a linear equation- Reservoir drive mechanism-Solution gas drive- Gas cap drive- Natural water drive- compaction driveunder related pore compressibility phenomena.

Darcy’s law and applications: Darcy’s law and field potential- Signconvention- Units and units conversion- Real gas potential – Datumpressures- Radial steady state flow and well stimulation- Two phase flow-Effective and relative permeabilities.

UNIT-IV

The basic differential equation for radial flow in a porous medium-Derivation of the basic radial differential equation – Conditions of solution– The linearization of the equation for fluids of small and constantcompressibility.

Well inflow estimation for stabilized flow conditions: Semi steady statesolution – Steady state solution – Example of the application of thestabilized inflow equations – Generalized form of inflow equation undersemi steady state conditions.


UNIT-V

The constant terminal rate solution of the radial diffusivity equation andits application to oil well testing: The constant terminal rate solution –Transient, semi steady state and steady state flow conditions –Dimensionless variables – General theory of well testing – The Mathews,Brons, Hazebroek pressure build up theory - Pressure build up analysistechniques – Multi Rate Drawdown testing – The effects of partial wellcompletion – After flow analysis.

UNIT-VI

Gas well testing: Linearization and solution of the basic differentialequation for the radial flow of a real gas – The Russel, Goodrich etal.Solution technique – The Al Hussainy, Ramey Crowford solution techniques– Non-Darcy flow – Determination of the non- Darcy coefficient F - Theconstant terminal rate solution for the flow of a real gas – General theoryof gas well testing – Multi rate testing of gas wells – Pressure build uptesting of gas wells – Pressure build up analysis in solution gas drivereservoirs.

UNIT-VII

Natural water influx: The unsteady state water influx theory of Hurst andVan Everdingen and its application in history matching – The approximatewater influx theory of Fetkovich for finite aquifers predicting the amountof mater influx – Application of influx calculation techniques to steamsoaking.

UNIT-VIII

Immiscible displacement – Physical assumptions and their implication –The fractional flow equation – Buckley-Leverette one dimensionaldisplacement – Oil recovery calculation – Displacement under segregatedflow conditions – Allowance for the effect of finite capillary transitionzone in displacement calculations – Displacement in stratified reservoirs.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering , L.P. Dake, Elsevier Science,1978 (17th Impression 1998).

126 2010-2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Reservoir Engineering Handbook, Tarek Ahmed, 3rd Edition, GulfProfessional Publishing, 2006.

2. Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practice, J.S Archer & C.G.Wall, Graham &Trotman Inc. 1986.

3. Basic Reservoir Engineering, Rene Cosse, Editions Technip, 1993.4. Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, James W Amyx, Daniel M. Bass Jr.,

Robert L. Whiting, McGraw Hill, 1960.




PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

UNIT-IPetroleum production system - Properties of oil & natural gas.UNIT-IIReservoir deliverability -Well bore performance.UNIT-IIIChoke performance - Well deliverability.UNIT-IVForecast of well production- Production decline analysis.UNIT-VWell tubing – Design & Selection; Separation system – Design &Selection; Transportation system – Design & Selection.UNIT-VIArtificial lift methods: Sucker rod pumping - Gas lift - Other artificial liftmethods.UNIT-VIIProduction Stimulation: Well problem identification - Matrix acidizing.UNIT-VIIIHydraulic fracturing- Production optimization.TEXT BOOKS:1. Petroleum Production Engineering: A computer Assisted Approach,

Boyun Guo, William C. Lyons, Ali Ghalambor, Elsevier Science &Technology Books, 2007.

2. Petroleum Production Systems, M. J. Economides, A. Daniel Hill &C. E. Economides, Prentice- Hall, N. J – 07488, 1994.

REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Production Technology I-II, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Herriot

Watt University. 2. The Technology of Artificial Lift Method, Brown, K.E., Volume 1,

PennWell Books, 1977.

128 2010-2011



NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Introduction: What is natural gas? - Utilization of natural gas- Natural gasindustry (World and India)- Natural gas reserves -Types of natural gasresources - Future of natural gas industry.

Properties of natural gas: Specific gravity – Pseudo critical properties –Viscosity – Compressibility factor – Gas density – Formation volumefactor and expansion factor – Compressibility of natural gas – Real gaspseudo pressure and real gas normalized pressure.

UNIT-II

Gas reservoir deliverability: Introduction – Analytical methods – Empiricalmethods – Construction of inflow performance relation curve.

UNIT-III

Wellbore performance: Introduction – Single phase gas well – Mist flowin gas wells.

UNIT-IV

Choke performance: Introduction – Sonic and subsonic flow – Dry gasflow through chokes – Wet gas flow through chokes

UNIT-V

Well deliverability: Introduction – Nodal analysis – Analysis with wellheadnode.

Separation: Separation of gases and liquids – Stage separation – Flashcalculation – Low temperature separation.

Dehydration of natural gas: Water content of natural gas streams-Dehydration systems- Glycol dehydrator design.

UNIT-VI

Removal of acid gases: Iron – Sponge sweetening – Alkanol aminesweetening – Glycol / Amine process –Sulfinol process.


Compression & cooling: Types of compressors – Selection of reciprocatingcompressors – Selection of centrifugal compressors – Selection of rotaryblowers.

UNIT-VII

Volumetric measurement: Measurement with orifice meters – Displacementmetering – Turbine meter – Elbow meter – Natural gas liquid measurement.

Transportation: Pipeline design – Sizing pipelines and pipeline wallthickness.

UNIT-VIII

Liquid loading on gas wells: Turners methods – Guo’s methods –Comparison of methods.

Hydrate control: Hydrate forming conditions – Preventing hydrateformation.

Pipeline cleaning: Pigging system – Selection of pigs – Major applications– Pigging procedure.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Natural Gas Engineering Handbook, Bojun Guo and Ali Ghalambor,Gulf publishing company, 2005.

2. Gas Production Operations, H.Dale Beggs, OGCC Publications, 1984.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering, D.L.Katz, McGraw-Hill, 1959.

2. Natural Gas Production Engineering, Chi U. Ikoku, Krieger PublishingCompany, 1992.

3. Troubleshooting Natural Gas Processing: Well head to Transmission,Norman P. Lieberman, Pennwell Publishing Company, 1997.

4. Practical Natural Gas Engineering, R.V.Smith, 2nd Edition, PennWell,1990.

130 2010-2011



SURFACE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS

UNIT-I

The production facility: Various types of facilities

Process selection: Controlling the process-Operation of a control valve:Pressure control- Level control- Temperature control- Flow Control- Basicsystem configuration: Wellhead and manifold- Separation- initial separationpressure- Stage Separation, Selection of Stages, Process flow sheet- Oiltreating and storage- Lease automatic custody transfer- Water treating –Compressors- Gas dehydration- Well testing- Gas lift- Offshore platformconsiderations.

UNIT-II

Two phase oil and gas separation: Functional sections of a gas-liquidseparator- Inlet diverter section- Liquid collection section- Gravity settlingsection- Mist extractor section- Equipment description of differentseparators- Scrubbers- Slug catchers- Selection considerations- Vesselinternals- Mist extractors- Potential operating problems.

UNIT-III

Three phase oil and water separation: Equipment description- Horizontalseparators- Derivation of equation- Free-water knockout- Flow splitter-Horizontal three-phase separator with a liquid “Boot”-Vertical separator-Selection considerations- Vessel internals- Coalescing plates- Turbulentflow coalescers and potential operating problems.

UNIT-IV

Crude oil treating: Equipment description of various treaters and heaters-Indirect and fired heaters- Waste heat recovery- Heater sizing- Verticalheater-treaters- Coalescing media- Horizontal heater treaters- Electrostaticheater-treaters- Oil dehydrators- Emulsion treating theory- Age of theemulsion- Agitation- Emulsifying agents- Demulsifiers- Field optimization-Changing the demulsifier- Demulsifier troubleshooting- Emulsion treatingmethods- General considerations- Chemical addition- Amount of chemical-Bottle test considerations- Chemical selection.


UNIT-V

Oil desalting systems: Oil desalting systems-Equipment description ofdesalters- Mixing equipment- Globe valves- Spray nozzles- Static mixers-Process description- Single stage desalting- Two stage desalting.

UNIT-VI

Crude stabilization: Introduction- Basic principles- Process schemes-Equipment description- Stabilizer tower- Trays and packing- Stabilizerreboiler- Cooler- Reflux system- Feed cooler- Heater and stabilizer as agas-processing plant.

UNIT-VII

Produced water treating systems: Disposal standards- offshore & onshoreoperations- Characteristics of produced water- Scale removal- Controllingscale using chemical inhibitors- Sand and other suspended solids- Dissolvedgases- Oil in water emulsions- Dissolved oil concentrations- Dispersed oil-Toxicants- Gravity separation- Coalescence- Dispersion- Flotation-Filtration- Equipment description-Skim tanks and vessels- Types ofconfigurations- Pressure vs atmospheric vessels- Retention time andperformance considerations.

Coalescers- plate coalescers- Parallel plate interceptor (PPI)- Corrugatedplate interceptor (CPI)- Cross-flow devices- Performance considerations-Selection criteria- Hydrocyclones-General considerations- Operatingprinciples- Static hydrocyclones- Dynamic hydrocyclones- Selection criteriaand application guidelines.

UNIT-VIII

Water Injection systems: Introduction- Solids removal theory- Removal ofsuspended solids from water- Gravity settling- Flotation units- Filtration-Inertial impaction- Diffusional interception- Direct interception- Filter types-Nonfixed-pore structure media- Fixed-pore structure media- Surface media-Summary of filter types.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Surface Production Operations, Ken Arnold & Maurice Stewart, Vol.1, 3rd edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2008.

2. Petroleum and Gas Field Processing, H.K.Abdel-Aal and MohamedAggour and M.A. Fahim, Marcel Dekkar Inc., 2003.

132 2010-2011



PETROLEUM INDUSTRY: MANAGEMENT, STRATEGY ANDFINANCE

UNIT-I

The global oil and gas industry: Oil and gas industry background- Oil andgas reserves- Oil and gas in global economy- The major players- Oil andgas industry value chain- Upstream-mid stream and downstream-Fundamentals of petroleum industry- Industry evaluation and strategies-Nationalism and national oil companies- Role and value of oil and gas-Government and corporate interests- Evolution of national oil companies-Organization of petroleum exporting countries- Political environment relatedto petroleum industry.

UNIT-II

Access, leasing and exploration: Oil project life cycle- Oil and gasformation- Access and development rights- Historical precedent- Theneutral zone concession- Oil leases- Reserves- Defining reserves -Leaseauctions exploration and strategy - Partnership and firm-ins.

UNIT-III

Developing oil and gas projects: Project development and projectopportunity- Joint development utilization- Project financial analysis-Project execution- Contractor relationships- Problems in projectdevelopment.

UNIT-IV

Economics of oil and gas:

Oil economics- Defining costs in the upstream- Performance andcompetitive advantage- Cost management- Filed reinvestment and reviews-Managing contract supply chains- Partnership management- Managingpolitical risks- Fiscal Regimes- Development agreements- Petroleumphysical regimes added contractor features- Top-line risks- PSAevaluations- Physical regimes today- Governmental policies.

UNIT-V

Finance and financial performance:

Business finance- Capital sourcing- Corporate finance- Public equity-


Private equity- Venture capital- Debt- Project finance- Multilateral lending-State interest- Oil loans- Ruminations and valuations.

UNIT-VI

Marketing of crude oil and petroleum products and transportation:

Crude oil fundamentals- Price of crude- Crude oil prices in transactions-Marketing and sale of motor fuel- Aviations fuel- Lubricants- Asphalt andpropane- Transportation-Fundamentals of transportation-Pipelines- Oiltankers- Downstream transportations.

UNIT-VII

Petrochemicals: Chemical industry overview- Petrochemical production-Commodity and specialty chemicals- Industry structure- Industryprofitability- Future of petrochemicals.

UNIT-VIII

The Future of global oil and gas industry: New entrants and evolvingcompetitive environment- The products- The markets players and theirstrategies- Ongoing talent shortage- The future of the large oil and gasfirms- Growing power of national of companies.

TEXT BOOK:

1. The Global Oil & Gas Indus]try: Management, Strategy and Finance,Andrew Inkpen, Michael H. Moffett, PennWell, 2011.

134 2010-2011



DRILLING FLUIDS LAB

1. Determination drilling fluid weight.Equipment: The baroid mud balance

2. Determination of mud viscosity.Equipment: Marsh funnel

3. Determination of pH of mud.Equipment: pH meter and hydrion pH dispensers

4. Determination of mud rheology (Viscosity, Gel strength, and Yieldpoint).Equipment: The baroid rheometer

5. Determination of the loss of liquid from a mud.Equipment: Standard API filter press

6. Determination of a drilling mud cake and evaluate resistivity.Equipment: Baroid digital resistivity meter

7. Determination of the effect of adding bentonite on mud properties.8. Drilling fluid contamination test (Salt, Gypsum & Cement

contamination).9. Determination of solid and liquid content and emulsion characteristics

of drilling fluid.Equipment: Sand content set, fann emulsion and electrical stabilitytesters

10. Oil, water, solid and clay content determination.Equipment: Oil/ water retort kit

11. Determination of water ratios for portland cement slurry.(Effect of water ratio on free water separation normal and minimumwater content and thickening time)Equipment: The atmospheric consistometer

12. Determination of compressive strength of cement test moulds.

Equipment: Compressive strength testing machine




DRILLING SIMULATION LAB

The following experiments are to be carried out using a drilling simulator:

1. Familiarization and line-up of operational components – I: Sandpipe manifold, draw work console, drilling console.

2. Familiarization and line-up of operational components – II: Blowout preventor (BOP) panel, choke manifold, remote panel.

3. Operation of major components: Mud pumps, operating slowcirculation rate, operating the rotary table, pulling weight on bitrunning in and pulling out of hole, remote choke panel operating.

4. Kick identifications and well shut in procedures: Setting flowalarms (deviation mud volume), setting flow alarms for return mudvolume, identifying kick warning signs, Utilizing shut in proceduresto kill well, well control computations.

5. Studies on the effect of weight on drill bit and rotary speed on therate of penetration and wear of the bit.

6. Studies on the effect of mud density and flow rate on the penetrationand wear of the bit.

136 2010-2011



INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PATENTS – II

UNIT I

Intellectual Property Law Basics – Types of Intellectual Property –Agencies responsible for Intellectual Property Regristration - Cyber crimeand E-commerce – International Aspects of Computer and Online Crime

UNIT II

Introduction to Patent Law – Rights and Limitations – Rights under PatentLaw – Patent requirements - Ownership - Transfer - Patents ApplicationProcess – Patent Infringement - Patent Litigation - International PatentLaw – Double Patenting – Patent Searching – Patent Law Treaty - Newdevelopments in Patent Law - Invention Developers and Promoters

UNIT III

Introduction to Transactional Law: Creating Wealth and Managing Risk– The Employment Relationship in the Internet and Tech Sector – Contactfor the Internet and Tech Sector - Business Assets in Information Age –Symbol and Trademark – Trolls and Landmines and other Metaphors

UNIT IV

Regulatory, Compliance and Liability Issues – State Privacy Law - DateSecurity – Privacy issues - Controlling Over use or Misuse of 1 IntellectualProperty Rights

BOOKS:

1. Deborah E.Bouchoux: “Intellectual Property”. Cengage learning , NewDelhi

2. Kompal Bansal & Parishit Bansal "Fundamentals of IPR for Engineers",BS Publications (Press)

3. Cyber Law. Texts & Cases, South-Western’s Special Topics Collections4. Prabhuddha Ganguli: ‘ Intellectual Property Rights” Tata Mc-Graw –

Hill, New Delhi5. Richard Stim: "Intellectual Property", Cengage Learning, New Delhi.6. R. Radha Krishnan, S. Balasubramanian: "Intellectual Property Rights",

Excel Books. New Delhi.7. M.Ashok Kumar and Mohd.Iqbal Ali: “Intellectual Property Right”

Serials Pub.




SUMMER TRAINING

Every Student should undergo summer training (summer internshipprogram) in a petroleum oil & gas producing industry/ petroleummachinery manufacturing industry for 4-6 weeks and submit a report.

138 2010-2011


IV Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. I-Sem.

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

UNIT-I

Viscosity and the mechanisms of momentum transfer: Newton’s law ofviscosity (molecular momentum transport)-Generalization of Newton’s lawof viscosity-Pressure and temperature dependence of viscosity-Moleculartheory of the viscosity of gases at low density-Molecular theory of theviscosity of liquids.

Thermal conductivity and the mechanisms of energy transport: Fourier’slaw of heat conduction (molecular energy transport)-Temperature andpressure dependence of thermal conductivity-Theory of thermalconductivity of gases at low density.

Diffusivity and the mechanisms of mass transport: Fick’s law of binarydiffusion (molecular mass transport)-Temperature and pressure dependenceof diffusivities-Theory of diffusion in gases at low density.

UNIT-II

Shell momentum balances and velocity distributions in laminar flow:Shell momentum balances and boundary conditions-Flow of a falling film-Flow through a circular tube-Flow through annulus-Flow of two adjacentimmiscible fluids-Creeping flow around a sphere.

UNIT-III

Shell energy balances and temperature distributions in solids and laminarflow: Shell energy balances boundary conditions-Heat conduction with anelectrical heat source-Heat conduction with a nuclear heat source-Heatconduction with a viscous heat source-Heat conduction with a chemicalheat source-Heat conduction through composite walls-Heat conduction ina cooling fin-Forced convection-Free convection.

UNIT-IV

Concentration distributions in solids and laminar flow: Shell massbalances-Boundary conditions-Diffusion through a stagnant gas film-Diffusion with a heterogeneous chemical reaction-Diffusion with ahomogeneous chemical reaction-Diffusion into a falling liquid film (gasabsorption)-Diffusion into a falling liquid film (solid dissolution)-Diffusionand chemical reaction inside a porous catalyst.


UNIT-V

The equations of change: Derivation of the equation of continuity inrectangular and polar coordinates-The equation of motion-The equationof energy-The equation of continuity of a component in multi componentmixture (in rectangular coordinates only) the equations of change in termsof the substantial derivative.

UNIT-VI

Use of equations of change to solve one dimensional steady stateproblems of momentum, heat and component transfer.

UNIT-VII

Unsteady state one-dimensional transport of momentum, heat andcomponent transfer.

UNIT-VIII

Introduction to Turbulent transport-Time smoothing of equation change-Models for turbulent flux (explanation of equations only).

TEXT BOOK:

1. Transport Phenomena, Bird R.B., Stewart W.C., Lightfoot F.N., 2nd

Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc, U.S.A, 1960.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Transport Processes: Momentum, Heat and Mass, C.J. Geankoplis,2nd Revised Edition, PHI, Allyn and Bacon Inc., 1983.

2. Transport Phenomena for Engineers, L. Theodore, International TextBook Company, 1971.

3. Transport Phenomena- A Unified Approach, Robert S. Brodkey,Harry C. Hershay, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1988.

4. Transport Phenomena and Unit Operations-A combined Approach,Richard G. Griskey, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.

5. Mass Transport Phenomena, Christie J. Geankoplis, Ohio State UnivBookstore, 1984.

6. Modeling in Transport Phenomena: A Conceptual Approach, IsmailTosun, Elsevier, 2002.

140 2010-2011



ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNIQUES

UNIT-I

Introduction: Oil recovery processes.

Gas injection: Introduction- Predictive performance- Gas injection incarbonate reservoirs- Inert gas injection- Candidates for gas injection.

UNIT-II

Miscible flooding: Introduction- Sweep efficiency- High pressure gasinjection- Enriched gas drive- LPG slug drive- Predictive technique- Fieldapplications.

Carbon dioxide flooding: Process description- Field projects- CO2 sources-

problem areas- designing a CO2flood- Guidelines for selection of miscible

CO2 projects- Immiscible CO

2 flooding Conclusions.

UNIT-III

Polymer flooding: Introduction- Polymer products and theory of use-Planning polymer flood projects.

Polyacrylamides: Introduction- Polyacrylamides chemistry- Application ofPAM/AA in enhanced oil recovery- Factors affecting flow in porousmedia- Field considerations- Site factors- Field operation.

UNIT-IV

Alkaline flooding: Introduction- Types of caustic used- Entrapment ofresidue oil- Displacement mechanisms in alkaline flooding- Crude oilproperties-Alkali consumption- pH of injected caustic- Effect of sodiumions and sodium chloride- Effect of divalent ions- Reservoir selection-Documented alkaline flooding field’s tests.

UNIT-V

Use of surfactants in oil recovery: Introduction- Classification of EORsurfactants- Mechanism of oil displacement by surfactant flooding- Ultralow interfacial tension in relation to oil displacement by surfactant flooding-Factors influencing oil recovery- Surfactant gas flooding for oil recovery-Interfacial phenomena in surfactant gas flooding- Mechanism of surfactant


loss in porous media- Present status of the use of surfactants in oilrecovery.

UNIT-VI

Steam flooding for enhanced oil recovery: Introduction- Theory- Screeningcriteria for steamflood prospects- Reservoir rock and fluid properties- heatlosses and formation heating- oil recovery calculations- An overview ofsteamflood modeling, parametric studies in steam flooding- Economics ofthe steam flooding process.

Operational aspects of steam injection processes: Introduction- Watertreatment for steam generation- Steam generators- Determination of steamquality- Wells- Production facilities- Moving the crude oil from the field-Disposal special situations, Operations.

UNIT-VII

In-situ combustion technology: Introduction-Reservoir characteristics-Ignition- Ignition methods, Process In-situ Combustion- Use of In-situCombustion- conclusions- Current status of In-situ Combustion.

UNIT-VIII

Microbial enhanced oil recovery: Microorganisms- Historical developmentof microbial enhancement of oil recovery- Laboratory experiments showthe potential of microbial enhancement oil recovery- Field application ofmicrobial enhancement of oil recovery-Microbes associated with oilfieldproblems- Microbial interactions with produced oil-Potential of microbialenhancement of oil recovery-Injection of cells and spores.

Evaluation and monitoring of enhanced oil recovery projects: Introduction-Completion constraints and borehole integrity checks.

Environmental factors associated with oil recovery: Introduction-Primaryand secondary production-Chemical flooding-Micellar-polymer processes-Thermal processes- Gas flooding-Research.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Enhanced Oil Recovery: Processes and Operations, E. C. Donaldson,G. V. Chilingarian, T. F. Yew, Elsevier, 1998.

2. Enhanced Oil Recovery, Larry W. Lake, Prentice Hall, 1998.

142 2010-2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Basic Concepts in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes, Marc Baviere,SCI, 1991.

2. Enhanced Oil Recovery: Proceedings of the Third EuropeanSymposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, F. John Fayers, Elsevier,1981.

3. Enhanced Oil Recovery, Marcel Latil, Editions Technip, 1980.

4. Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery, H. R. Van Pollew andAssociates, PennWell, 1980.

5. Enhanced Recovery of Residual and Heavy Oil, M. M. Schumacher,Noyes Data Corp., 1980.

6. Applied Enhanced Oil Recovery, Aural Carcoane, Prentice Hall, 1992.

7. Recent Advances in Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery, IstvanLaktos,Academy Kiado, 2001.

8. Enhanced Oil Recovery, Don W. Greew, G. Paul Willfite, Society ofPetroleum Engineers, 1998.

9. Enhanced Oil Recovery: Field Planning and Development Strategies,Vladmir Alvarado, Eduardo Marriglee, Gulf Professional Publishing,2010.

10. Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory and Practice, GulfProfessional Publishing, 2011.

11. Enhanced Oil Recovery, Teknica, Teknica Petroleum Services Ltd.,2001.




OIL & GAS PROCESSING PLANT DESIGN

UNIT-I

Design principles and sizing of gas-oil separators: Principles of phaseseparators- Sizing of vertical & horizontal two-phase and three phaseseparators- Optimum pressure - Design of single and multistage flashvaporization equipment- Materials of construction and mechanical designof separators.

UNIT-II

Fluid Flow equipment Design: Basic concepts of fluid handling equipment& design-Pumps -Compressors - Blowers.

UNIT-III

Design of principles and sizing of heat exchangers: Process design ofshell & tube heat exchangers -double pipe heat exchangers- Plate andframe heat exchangers- Air cooled heat exchangers- Heat recovery units-Fired heaters- Materials of construction & mechanical design of heatexchangers.

UNIT-IV

Design principles and sizing crude oil treaters: Sizing horizontal andvertical treaters- Design of LTX units and line treaters- Material ofconstruction and mechanical design.

UNIT-V

Design of principles and sizing of crude desalting equipment - Designprinciples and sizing of equipment for produce water treatment anddisposal.

UNIT-VI

Design principles and sizing of acid gas treating system design: Designof iron sponge units - Design of H

2S and CO

2 absorbers and strippers

using amine solutions – Design of Rich/lean amine exchanger- Design ofamine cooler- Material of construction- Mechanical design.

Process design of glycol and solid bed dehydration systems-Materials ofconstruction & mechanical design.

144 2010-2011

UNIT-VII

Design principles of pressure vessels: Design considerations- Designtemperature and pressure- Maximum allowable stress values- Determinationof wall thickness- Corrosion allowance- Sizing of different type of storagetanks.

UNIT-VIII

Design principles and sizing of pressure relief valves, vents, other relievingdevices- Selection criteria- Location- Maintenance- Design of flaringsystems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Petroleum and Gas Field processing, H.K. Abdel- Aal, MohamedAggover, M.A. Fahim, Marcel Dekkar Inc., 2003.

2. Surface Production Operations, Ken Arnold, Maurice Stewart,Butterworth Heinemann, Vol 1 & 2, 1989.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Engineering Data Book, 12th Edition (Electronic), FPS Version, VolumeI & II, Gas Processers Suppliers Association (GPSA), 2005.




HSE & FF IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

UNIT-IIntroduction to environmental control in the petroleum industry: Overviewof environmental issues- A new attitude.Drilling and production operations: Drilling- Production- Air emissions.UNIT-IIThe impact of drilling and production operations: Measuring toxicity-Hydrocarbons- Salt- Heavy metals- Production chemicals- Drilling fluids-Produced water- Nuclear radiation- Air pollution- Acoustic impacts- Effectsof offshore platforms- Risk assessment.Environmental transport of petroleum wastes: Surface paths- Subsurfacepaths- Atmospheric paths.UNIT-IIIPlanning for environmental protection: Environmental audits- Wastemanagement plans- Waste management actions- Certification of disposalprocesses- Contingency plans- Employee training.Waste treatment methods: Treatment of water- Treatment of solids-Treatment of air emissions.Waste disposal methods: Surface disposal- Subsurface disposal.Remediation of contaminated sites: Site assessment- Remediationprocesses.UNIT-IVOil mines regulations: Introduction-Returns, Notices and plans- Inspector,management and duties- Drilling and workover- Production- Transport bypipelines- Protection against gases and fires- Machinery, plants andequipment- General safety provisions- Miscellaneous.UNIT-VToxicity, physiological, asphyxiation, respiratory, skin effect of petroleumhydrocarbons and their mixture- Sour gases with their threshold limits-Guidelines for occupational health monitoring in oil and gas industry.Corrosion in petroleum industry- Additives during acidizing, sand controland fracturing.

146 2010-2011

NIT-VIHazard identification- Hazard evaluation- Hazop and what if reviews-Developing a safe process and safety management- Personal protectionsystems and measures.UNIT-VIIGuidelines on internal safety audits (procedures and checklist)- Inspection& safe practices during electrical installations- Inspection & safe practicesduring overhauling electrical equipment- Design aspects for safety inelectrical systems- Safety instrumentation for process system inhydrocarbon industry- Safety aspects in functional training-Work permitsystems.UNIT-VIII Classification of fires- The fire triangle- Distinction between fires andexplosions- Flammability characteristics of liquids and vapors- Well blowoutfires and their control- Fire fight equipment- Suppression of hydrocarbonsfires.TEXT BOOKS:1. Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering, John C. Reis, Gulf

Publishing Company, 1996.2. Application of HAZOP and What if Reviews to the Petroleum,

Petrochemical and Chemical Process Industries, Dennis P. Nolan,Noyes Publications, 1994.

3. Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) Guidelines, Ministry ofPetroleum & Natural Gas, Government of India and Oil MinesRegulations-1984, Directorate General of Mines Safety, Ministry ofLabor and Employment, Government of India.

REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Guidelines for Process Safety Fundamentals in General Plant

Operations Centre for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute ofChemical Engineers, 1995.

2. Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical andHydrocarbon Processing Facilities, Centre for Chemical ProcessSafety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2003.

3. Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures Centre for ChemicalSafety, Wiley- AIChE, 3rd Edition, 2008.

4. Guideline for Process Safety Fundamentals in General PlantOperations, Centre for Chemical Process Safety, AIChE, 1995.




Open Elective

FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

UNIT-I

The history of production: Oil beginning- A case for casing- More fireworks- Underground mysteries- Breathing of the earth- Crisis and reservoirengineering- Horizontal drilling- The great offshore-Indian scenario.

UNIT-II

The reservoir: Origin- Transformation- Characterization- Discovery.

What’s in the container? The prize: Determinants- The contents- Thechemistry- Composition- Properties- Impurities- Fingerprints- The origin ofhydrocarbons.

UNIT-III

Drilling: The spring pole- Cable tool drilling and operations- Rotarydrilling- Rig components- Drilling mud- Blowout preventers- Drillingoffshore- Top drives and automation- The course- Location.

UNIT-IV

Logging, testing and completing: Logging- Correlation logs- Real time-Directional and horizontal wells- Original hydrocarbons in place- Openhole testing- Completions- Cased hole logging and measuring devices.

UNIT-V

Hydrocarbon activity in the reservoir: Phases- Phases diagrams- Reservoirfluid categories- Using phase diagrams- Gas wells Vs oil wells- Shrinkage– Solution gas- oil ratio- Relative permeability.

Production: The motivating force- Drive mechanisms- Producing phases-Primary production- Secondary recovery- Pressure maintenance andwaterflooding- Tertiary recovery.

UNIT-VI

Making it marketable: Field processing: Gas treating- Oil treating- Waterdisposal- Testing- Measurement and metering- Storage.

148 2010-2011

UNIT-VII

Remedial operations and workovers: Decision making- Workover rigs-Coiled tubing- Subsea completions- Well problems and stimulation-Changing production intervals.

UNIT-VIII

The players: The companies- The people- The suppliers- World and India

TEXT BOOK:

1. Oil and Gas Production in Nontechnical Language, Martin S. Raymond& William L. Leffler, Penn Well Corporation, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Oil and Gas Production, American Petroleum Institute,5th Edition, 1996.

2. Oil and Gas Production Hand Book: An Introduction Oil and GasProduction, Havard Devold, ABB ATPA Oil and Gas, 2006.




Open ElectiveGREEN FUEL TECHNOLOGIES

UNIT-IIntroduction: Plant based biofuels- World biofuels scenario-Thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquids and gaseous fuels.UNIT-IIBioethanol from biomass: Production of ethanol from molasses - Bioethanolfrom starchy biomass: Production of starch Saccharifying enzymes -Hydrolysis and fermentation.UNIT-IIIBioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: Pretreatment of the substrates-Production of Cellulases and Hemicellulases- Hydrolysis and fermentation.UNIT-IVBiodiesel production technologies and substrates- Lipase-catalyzedpreparation of biodiesel-Biodiesel production with supercritical fluidtechnologies.UNIT-VBiodiesel from different plant seeds: Palm oil diesel production and itsexperimental test on a diesel engine - Biodiesel production using karanja(pongamia pinnata) and jatropha (jatropha curcas) seed oil - Biodieselproduction form rubber seed oil and other vegetable oils.UNIT-VIMicrobial production of methane: Different types of bio-digesters andbiogas technology in India.UNIT-VIIHydrogen production by fermentation-Microbial fuel cells.UNIT-VIIIBiodiesel from algae: Algaculture-Challenges-Algaculture for biodieselproduction-Advantages of biodiesel from algae oil-Research &Development.TEXT BOOKS:1. Hand book of Plant Based Biofuels, Ashok Pandey, CRC Press, 2009.2. Biofuels Engineering Process Technology, Caye M. Drapcho, Nghiem

Phu Nhuan, Terry H. Walker, McGraw-Hill, 2008.

150 2010-2011



Open ElectiveENERGY MANAGEMENT

UNIT-I

Introduction: Global & Indian energy scenario-Classification of energysources-Energy needs of growing economy-Energy sector reform-Energyand environment-Global environmental concerns-Basics of energy and itsvarious forms.

UNIT-II

Energy audit: Types of energy audit- Energy management (audit) approach-understanding energy costs-Bench marking-Energy performance-Matchingenergy use to requirement-Maximizing system efficiencies-Optimizing theinput energy requirements-Fuel and energy substitution-Energy auditinstruments.

Material and energy balance: Facility as an energy system- Methods forpreparing process flow-Material and energy balance diagrams.

UNIT-III

Energy action planning, financial management: Financial analysistechniques-Risk and sensitivity analysis- Financing options- Energyperformance contracts and role of ESCOs- Energy Monitoring andTargeting: Elements of monitoring & targeting-Data and information-Analysis, techniques -Energy consumption, production- Cumulative sumof differences (CUSUM).

UNIT-IV

Building envelope: Principles of analysis-Envelope performance -Envelopeanalysis of existing and new buildings-Building standards for new andexisting constructions.

HVAC Systems types-Energy conservation opportunities-Coolingequipment-Domestic hot water estimating HVAC energy consumption.

UNIT-VI

Principles of electric energy management-Energy management control


systems-Energy systems maintenance-Energy management in water andwaste water treatment-Solid waste treatment- air pollution control systems.

UNIT-VII

Energy management in boilers and fired systems-Steam and condensatesystems- Cogeneration – Waste heat recovery-Energy management inprocess industries.

UNIT-VIII

Energy security- Codes- Standards- Electricity act-Energy conservationact.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Energy Management and Conservation Handbook, Frank Kreith &D. Yogi Goswami, CRC Press, New York, 2008.

2. General Aspects of Energy Management and Audit, NationalProductivity Council of India, Chennai (Course Material- NationalCertification Examination for Energy Management).

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Energy Management Handbook, W.C. Turner, 5th Edition, MarcelDekker, Inc, New York, 2005.

2. Guide to Energy Management, B. L. Capehart, W. C. Turner, W. J.Kennedy, CRC Press, New York, 2005.

3. IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrialand commercial Facilities, IEEE standards Board, Piscataway, NJ,USA, 1996.

152 2010-2011



Elective-IOFFSHORE ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Overview of offshore structures: Introduction- Deepwater challenges-Functions of offshore structures- Offshore structure configurations-Bottom-Supported fixed structures- Compliant structures- Floatingstructures- Classification societies and industry standard groups.

Novel and small field offshore structures: Introduction- Overview of oiland gas field developments- Technical basis for developing novel offshorestructures- Other considerations for developing novel offshore structures-Novel field development systems- Future field development options.

UNIT-II

Ocean environment: Introduction- Ocean water properties- Wave theory-Breaking waves- Internal waves- Sea spectrum- Sea states- Wave-drivencurrent- Loop current- wind and wind spectrum- Offshore environment bylocation.

Loads and responses: Introduction- Gravity loads- Hydrostatic loads-Resistance loads- Current loads on structures- Steady and dynamic windloads on structures- Wave loads on structures- Applicability of Morisonforce vs Diffraction force- Steady wave drift force- Slow-Drift wave forces-Varying wind load- Impulse loads- Response of structure- Applicability ofresponse formula.

UNIT-III

Probabilistic design of offshore structures: Application of statistics inoffshore engineering- Wave statistics- Response statistics- Designapproaches- Combination of multiple stochastic load effects- Probabilisticdesign of offshore structures- Uncertainty measures.

UNIT-IV

Fixed offshore platform design: Field development and concept selectionactivities- Basic and detailed design of a fixed jacket.


UNIT-V

Tower-type offshore platform- Special topics.

UNIT-VI

Floating offshore platform design: Introduction- Floating platform types-Design of floaters- Floating production storage and offloading systems.

UNIT-VII

Semi submersibles- Tension leg platforms- Spar design- Hull structure-Construction and installation.

Fundamental aspects of the design of FPSO.

UNIT-VIII

Drilling and production risers: Introduction- Drilling risers- Productionrisers- Vortex induced vibration of risers- VIV suppression devices- Riserclashing- Fatigue Analysis.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Handbook of Offshore Engineering, S. Chakrabarti, Volume 1 & 2,Elsevier, 2005.

154 2010-2011



Elective-I

PIPELINE ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Elements of pipeline design: Fluid properties – Environment - Effects ofpressure and temperature - Supply / Demand scenario - Route selection- Codes and standards - Environmental and hydrological considerations– Economics - Materials / Construction – Operation - Pipeline protection- Pipeline integrity monitoring.

Pipeline route selection, survey and geotechnical guidelines: Introduction- Preliminary route selection - Key factors for route selection - Engineeringsurvey - Legal survey - Construction / As-built survey - Geotechnicaldesign.

UNIT-II

Natural gas transmission: General flow equation – Steady state - Impactof gas molecular weight and compressibility factor on flow capacity - Flowregimes - Widely used steady-state flow equations – Summary of theimpact of different gas and pipeline parameters on the gas flow efficiency– Pressure drop calculation for pipeline in series and parallel – Pipeline gasvelocity – Erosional velocity – Optimum pressure drop for design purposes– Pipeline packing – Determining gas leakage using pressure drop method– Wall thickness / pipe grade – Temperature profile – Optimization process– Gas transmission solved problems.

UNIT-III

Gas compression and coolers–I: Types of compressors – Compressordrivers – Compressor station configuration – Thermodynamics of isothermaland adiabatic gas compression – Temperature change in adiabatic gascompression – Thermodynamics of polytropic gas compression – Gascompressors in series – Centrifugal compressor horsepower – Enthalpy /Entropy charts (Mollier diagram) – Centrifugal compressor performancecurve – Influence of pipeline resistance on centrifugal compressorperformance.


UNIT-IV

Gas compression and coolers – II: Reciprocation compressors – Gascompression solved problems – Gas coolers – Air-cooled heat exchangers– Coolers heat transfer equations – Fan air mass flow rate – Required fanpower – Gas pressure drop in coolers – Iterative procedure for calculationsbased on unknown T

2.

UNIT-V

Liquid flow and pumps: Fully developed laminar flow in a pipe – Turbulentflow – Centrifugal pumps – Retrofitting for centrifugal pumps (Radial-flow)– Pump station control – Pump station piping design.

Transient flow in liquid and gas pipelines: Purpose of transient analysis– Theoretical fundamentals and transient solution technique – Applications– Computer applications.

UNIT-VI

Pipeline mechanical design: Codes and standards – Location classification– Pipeline design formula – Expansion and flexibility – Joint design forpipes of unequal wall thickness – Value assemblies – Scraper traps –Buoyancy control – Crossings – Depth of cover – Aerial markings –Warning signs.

UNIT-VII

Materials selection and quality management: Elements of design –Materials designation standards – Quality management.

Pipeline construction: Construction – Commissioning.

Pipeline protection, Instrumentation and digging: Pipeline coating –Cathodic protection – Cathodic protection calculations for land pipelines– Internal corrosion – Flow meters and their calibration – Sensors – Pigs.

UNIT-VIII

Pipeline operations, monitoring, maintenance and rehabilitation: Generaloperation of pipelines – Automatic control systems – Integrity monitoring– Different methods of leak detection.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pipeline Design and Construction: A Practical Approach, M.Mahitpour, H. Golshan and M.A. Murray, 2nd Edition, ASME Press,2007.

156 2010-2011

2. Pipeline Engineering, Henry Liu, Lewis Publishers (CRC Press), 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Piping Calculation Manual, E. Shashi Menon, McGraw-Hill, 2004.

2. Piping and Pipeline Engineering: Design, Construction, MaintenanceIntegrity and Repair, George A. Antaki, CRC Press, 2003.

3. Pipeline Planning and Construction Field Manual, E. Shashi Menon,Gulf Professional Publishing, 2011.

4. Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook, E. W. McAllister, 7th Edition,2009.

5. Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics, E. Shashi Menon, Mareel Dekker, Inc.,2004.

6. Gas Pipeline Hydraulics, E. Shashi Menon, Taylor & Francis, 2005.




Elective-I

COAL BED METHANE ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Introduction: Overview of coal bed methane (CBM) in India – CBM vsconventional reservoirs.

UNIT-II

Geological influences on coat formation of coals – Coal chemistry –Significance of rank – Cleat system and natural fracturing.

UNIT-III

Sorption: Principles of Adsorption-The Isotherm construction-CH4 retention

by coal seams-CH4 content determination in coal seams-The isotherm for

recovery prediction-Model of the micro-pores-coal sorption of othermolecular species.

UNIT-IV

Reservoir Analysis: Coal as a reservoir-Permeability-Porosity-Gas flow-Reserve analysis-Well spacing and drainage area-Enhanced recovery.

UNIT-V

Well Construction: Drilling-Cementing.

Formation Evaluations, Logging: Borehole environment-Tool measurementresponse in coal-wire line log evaluation of CBM wells-Gas-In-Placecalculations-Recovery factor-Drainage area calculations-Coal permeability/Cleating-Natural fracturing and stress orientation-Mechanical rockproperties in CBM evaluation.

UNIT-VI

Completions: Open hole completions-Open hole cavitation process, Casedhole completions- Multi zone entry in cased hole.

UNIT-VII

Hydraulic fracturing of coal seams: Need for fracturing coals-Uniqueproblems in fracturing coals-Types of fracturing fluids for coal-In situconditions-Visual observation of fractures.

158 2010-2011

UNIT-VIII

Water production and disposal: Water production rates from methanewells-Chemical content-Environmental regulations-Water disposaltechniques-Economics of coal bed methane recovery.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Coal Bed Methane: Principles and Practice, R. E. Rogers, 3rd Edition,Prentice Hall, 1994.

2. Coal Bed Methane [CD – ROM], Robert A. Lamarre, AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Coal Bed Methane Reservoir Engineering, JohnSeidle, Pennwell Corp., 2011.

2. Coal Bed Methane, Society of Petroleum, 1992.

3. A Guide to Coal Bed Methane Operations, B. A. Hollub, Society ofPetroleum, 1992.




PETROLEUM EQUIPMENT DESIGN & SIMULATION LAB

The following experiments have to be conducted using C/C++/ Simulinkusing MATLAB/Hysys:

1. Oil- Water separator.

2. Gas- Oil-Water separator.

3. Lean / rich amine heat exchanger.

4. Air cooled heat exchanger.

5. CO2 and H2S absorber unit using, MEA/DEA amine solution.

6. Stripping unit.

7. Single stage flash vaporization unit.

8. Three stage flash vaporization unit.

9. Liquid pumping system.

10. Gas Compressor unit.

160 2010-2011



RESERVOIR ENGINEERNG LAB

1. Determination of effective porosity by gas expansion method.Equipment: Helium porosimeter (Nitrogen gas can be used in placeof helium).

2. Determination of porosity and pore size distribution by mercuryinjection.Equipment: Mercury porosimeter.

3. Measurement of surface tension & interfacial tension with the ringtensiometer.Equipment: Tensiometer.

4. Determination of fluid density using pycnometer and hydrometermethods.Equipment: Pycnometer and hydrometer.

5. Liquid viscosity measurement using capillary tube viscometer(Ostwald type).Equipment: Capillary tube viscometer.

6. Determination of capillary pressure of reservoir rock (core) usingporous plate method.Equipment: Capillary pressure cell.

7. Measurement of contact angle (between oil, water and solid surface)using imaging method.Equipment: The image system set-up.

8. Measurement of air permeability.Equipment: Constant head permeameter with the Hassler cell.

9. Absolute permeability measurement of water.Equipment: The Darcy apparatus.

10. Determination of relative permeability of oil-water using unsteadystate method.Equipment: Relative permeability apparatus.

11. Determination of relative permeability of gas-oil using unsteadystate method.Equipment: Relative permeability apparatus.




PRESENTATION OF SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

Summer training report of the students shall be evaluated for 50 marksby the committee appointed by the University.

162 2010-2011


IV Year B.Tech. Petroleum. Engg. II-Sem.

PETROLEUM ECONOMICS, POLICIES & LAW

UNIT-I

Introduction to the oil industry: World supply and demand- Structure ofthe oil industry- Characteristics of crude oils and properties of petroleumproducts- Resources and development of natural gas.

UNIT-II

Principles, methods & techniques of engineering economics: Time valuein capital expenditures, Depreciation and depletion in oil projects- Financialmeasures and profitability analysis.

UNIT-III

Analysis of alternative selections and replacements- Risk, uncertaintyand decision analysis- Break even and sensitivity analysis- OptimizationTechniques.

UNIT-IV

Application and project evaluation: oil fields exploration and drillingoperations-Oil fields estimation of oil reserves and evaluation of an oilproperty- Oil fields production operations- Oil transportation- Crude oilprocessing.

UNIT-V

Demand and marketing of petroleum products: The petroleum productsin the principal consuming countries- The distribution of petroleumproducts- The marketing of petroleum products.

UNIT-VI

Petrochemicals: General characteristics- economics of the two large basicunits- The market for the principal finished products- Problems of today.

UNIT-VII

Natural gas: Natural gas supply in the world- Transportation- InternationalMarkets and prices.


UNIT-VIII

Petroleum or Oil & Gas Rules and Regulations in India – The Oil fieldsRegulations and Development Act – New Exploration Licensing Policy(NELP) – Functions of Directorate General of Hydrocarbons – Petroleumand Natural Gas Regulatory Board.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Petroleum Economics and Engineering, H. K. Abdel-Aal, Bakr A.Bakr, M.A. Al-Sahlawi, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1992.

2. Petroleum Economics, Jean Masseron, 4th Edition, Editions TECHNIP,1990.

(The instructor can download information required from internet toteach the topics in UNIT VIII).

164 2010-2011



Elective-II

RESERVOIR MODELING & SIMULATION

UNIT-I

Introduction: Milestones for the engineering approach-Importance of theengineering and mathematical approaches.

Single-phase fluid equations in multidimensional domain: Properties ofsingle-phase fluid- Properties of porous media- Reservoir discretization-Basic engineering concepts- Multidimensional flow in Cartesiancoordinates- Multidimensional flow in radial-cylindrical coordinates.

UNIT-II

Flow equation using CVFD terminology: Introduction- Flow equationsusing CVFD terminology- Flow equations in radial-cylindrical coordinatesusing CVFD terminology- Flow equation using CVFD terminology in anyblock ordering scheme.

UNIT-III

Simulation with a block-centered grid: Introduction- Reservoirdiscretization- Flow equation for boundary grid blocks- Treatment ofboundary conditions- Calculation of transmissibilities- Symmetry and itsuse in solving practical problems.

UNIT-IV

Simulation with a point distributed grid: Introduction- Reservoirdiscretization- Flow equation for boundary grid points-Treatment ofboundary conditions-Calculation of transmissibilities - Symmetry and itsuse in solving practical problems.

UNIT-V

Well representation in simulators: Introduction- Single block wells- Multiblock wells- Practical considerations dealing with modeling and wellconditions.

Single-phase flow equations for various fluids: Pressure dependence offluid and rock properties-General single-phase flow equation in multidimensions.


UNIT-VI

Linearization of flow equation: Introduction- Nonlinear terms in flowequations- Nonlinearity of flow equations for various fluids- Linearizationof nonlinear terms- Linearized flow equations in time.

UNIT-VII

Methods of solution of linear equations: Direct solution methods- Iterativesolution methods.

UNIT-VIII

Introduction to modeling multiphase flow in petroleum reservoirs:Introduction- Reservoir engineering concepts in multiphase flow-Multiphase flow models-solution of multiphase flow equations- Materialbalancing checks- Advancing solution in time.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Petroleum Reservoir Simulation: A Basic Approach, Jamal H. Abou– Kasem, S. M. Fariuq Ali, M. Rafiq Islam, Gulf Publishing Company,2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation, John R. Fanchi, Elsevier,2005.

2. Practical Reservoir Simulation, M.R. Carlson, PennWell,2003.

3. Reservoir Simulation: Mathematical Techniques in Oil Recovery,Zhangxin Chen, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

4. Mathematics of Reservoir Simulation, Richard E. Ewing, Society forIndustrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), 1983.

166 2010-2011



Elective-II

HORIZONTAL WELL TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

Overview of horizontal well technology: Introduction- Limitations ofhorizontal wells- Horizontal well applications- Drilling techniques- Horizontalwell length based upon drilling techniques and drainage area limitations-Completion techniques.

Reservoir engineering concepts: Skin factor- Skin damage for horizontalwells- Effective wellbore radius r’

w- Productivity index, f- Flow regimes-

Influence of areal anisotropy.

UNIT-II

Steady-state solutions: Steady-state productivity of horizontal wells-Effective wellbore radius of a horizontal well- Productivity of slant wells-Comparison of slant well and horizontal well productivities- Formationdamage in horizontal wells- Field histories.

Influence of well eccentricity: Introduction- Influence of well eccentricity-Drilling several wells- Horizontal wells at different elevations.

UNIT-III

Comparison of horizontal and fractured vertical wells: Vertical wellstimulation- Types of fractures- Comparison of horizontal wells and finiteconductivity fractures- Horizontal wells in fractured reservoirs- Fracturedhorizontal wells.

UNIT-IV

Transient well testing: Introduction-Mathematical solutions and theirpractical implications- Generalized flow regimes- Pressure response-Detailed well testing flow regimes- Pressure directivities- Wellbore storageeffects- Practical Considerations.

UNIT-V

Pseudo-steady state flow: Generalized pseudo-steady state equation forvertical wells- Shape factors for vertical wells- Shape factors for fracturedvertical wells- Shape factors of horizontal wells- Horizontal well pseudo-


steady state productivity calculations- Inflow performance of partiallyopen horizontal wells- Inflow performance relationship (IPR) for horizontalwells in solution gas-drive reservoirs- Predicting horizontal well performancein solution gas-drive reservoirs.

UNIT-VI

Water and gas coning in vertical and horizontal wells: Critical ratedefinition- Vertical well critical rate correlations- Critical rate by productiontesting- Decline curve analysis- Water breakthrough in vertical wells-Vertical well post-water breakthrough behavior- Characteristics of watercut versus recovery factor plots- Water and gas coning in horizontalwells- Horizontal well breakthrough time in a bottom- Water drive reservoir-Breakthrough time for a horizontal well in a reservoir with gas cap orbottom water- Cone breakthrough time for horizontal wells in reservoirwith both gas cap and bottom water- Critical rate for horizontal well inedge-water drive reservoir practical considerations- Field Histories.

UNIT-VII

Horizontal wells in gas reservoir: Gas reservoir estimation- Gas flowthrough porous media- Horizontal well application- production type curves-Case histories.

UNIT-VIII

Pressure drop through a horizontal well: Influence of high pressuredrops- Remedies to minimize high wellbore pressure drops- Pressure dropthrough a horizontal well- Comment on fully developed friction factors-Pressure drop in a curved wellbore section- Drilled wellbore sizes and linersizes- Single-phase pressure drop through a horizontal well- Multiphasepressure drop through a horizontal well.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Horizontal Well Technology, S. D. Joshi, PennWell PublishingCompany, 1991.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Horizontal Wells: Formation Evaluation, Drilling and ProductionIncluding Heavy Oil Recovery, Roberto Aguilera, G. M. Cordell, G.W. Nicholl, J. S. Artindete, M. C. Nq., Gulf Publishing Co., 1991.

168 2010-2011



Elective-II

RESERVOIR STIMULATION

UNIT-I

Reservoir justification of stimulation treatments: Introduction-Fundamentals of pressure transient analysis- Well and reservoir analysis.

Elements of rock mechanics: Basic concepts- Pertinent rock propertiesand their measurement- In-Situ stress and its determination.

UNTI-II

Modeling of hydraulic fractures: Conservation laws, and constitutiveequations- Fracture propagation models- Fluid-Flow modeling- Acidfracturing.

Fracturing fluid chemistry: Water-Base fluids- Oil-Base fluids- Multiphasefluids- Additives- Execution.

UNIT-III

Fracturing fluid proppant and characterization: Rheology- Shear andtemperature effects on fluid properties- Foam fracturing fluids- Slurryrheology- Proppant transport- Fluid loss- Formation and fracture damage-Proppants.

Pre-Treatment data requirements: Types of data- Sources of data-Dynamic downhole testing.

UNIT-IV

Fracturing diagnosis using pressure analysis: Basic relations- Pressureduring pumping- Analysis during closure- Combined analysis pumpingand closure- Field procedures.

The optimization of propped fracture treatments: Physical systems andmathematical formulations- Treatment optimization design procedure-Parametric studies of fracture design variables.

UNIT-V

Considerations in fracture design: Size limitations- Considerations withpredetermined size or volume- Benefits of high proppant concentrations-


Effect of reservoir properties- Effects of perforations on fracture execution.

Fracture-Height predictions and post-treatment measurements: Linearfracture-mechanics modeling for fracture height- Fracture-height predictionprocedures- Techniques to measure fracture height.

Post-treatment evaluation and fractured well performance: Selectedreferences before the finite conductivity fracture models- Cinco andSamaniego model- Comments on damaged and chocked fractures- Post-fracture well analysis- Interpretation for finite conductivity fracture wellswith wellbore storage- Comparison of production forecasts for untreatedand fractured wells- Calculation of the fracture length and conductivity oflong-flowing wells.

UNIT-VI

Nature of formation damage: Pseudo damage Vs Formation damage- Trueformation damage- Origin of formation damage- Damage removal.

Acidizing physics: Solid-Liquid reaction under no-flow conditions- Solid-liquid reaction with a moving fluid- Other instabilities- Practical implicationsin sandstone acidizing- Practical implications in carbonate acidizing.

Matrix acidizing of sandstones: Criteria for fluid selection- Organizationof the decision tree- Preflush and postflush- Acidizing sandstones withmud acid- Other acidizing formulations- Matrix acidizing design.

UNIT-VII

Fluid placement and diversion in sandstone acidizing: Techniques of fluidplacement- Diverting agents- Laboratory characterization of divertingagent efficiency- Prediction of efficiency at reservoir conditions.

Matrix acidizing treatment evaluation: Derivation of bottom holeparameters from wellhead measurements- Monitoring skin evolution duringtreatmen- The prouvost and economides (1987) method- discussion:Components of pressure response- Example calculation.

Principles of acid fracturing: Comparison of acid Fracturing Vs Fracturingwith propping agent and nonreactive fluids- Factors controlling theeffectiveness of acid fracturing treatments- Acid fluid loss- Acid spendingduring fluid injection- Treatment design- Acid fracturing treatment models-Example application of acid fracture design.

UNIT-VIII

Acid fracture propagation and production: Mechanisms of acid penetration-

170 2010-2011

Production model- Production behavior of acid fractures- Performancetype curves- Comparison between acid and propped fractures.

Extended reach and horizontal wells: Comparison of fully completedhorizontal wells with hydraulically fractured vertical wells- Borehole stability-Stimulation- Performance of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Reservoir Stimulation, Michael. J. Economides, Kenneth G. Nolte, 2nd

Edition, Prentice Hall, 1989.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Oil Well Stimulation, Robert S. Schechter, Prentice Hall, 1992.

2. Modern Fracturing Enhancing Natural Gas Production, Michael J.Economides, Tony Martin, ET Publishing, 2007.




Elective-III

SEPARATION PROCESSES

UNIT-I

The basics of separation operations: Functions of separations operationsin refining- Main separation operations- Implementation of separationprocess- Recent progress in separation processes.

Thermodynamics: Phase Equilibria- Introduction- Vapor-liquid equilibria-Liquid-liquid equilibria- Solid-liquid equilibria- Complex mixtures.

Mass transfer and efficiency of separation operations: Introduction-Diffusion in a homogenous phases- Transfer between phases- Predictingtransfer coefficients- Relationship between efficiency and transfercoefficients.

UNIT-II

Distillation, absorption and stripping: Introduction- The basics ofdistillation- Theoretical trays, real contacting equipment- Distilling complexmixtures- Calculation methods for distillation columns- Designing adistillation separation unit-Absorption, stripping-Extractive and azeotropicdistillation- Reactive distillation.

UNIT-III

Distillation, absorption and stripping in the petroleum industry:Atmospheric distillation of crude oil- Vacuum distillation of the atmosphericresidue- Gasoline distillation and gas fractionation- Column internals fordistillation, absorption and stripping.

UNIT-IV

Liquid-liquid extraction: Introduction- Conventions and notations- Onestage extraction- Crosscurrent extraction- Single countercurrent extraction-Countercurrent extraction with reflux- Dual solvent extraction- Solventcharacteristics.

UNIT-V

Solvent extraction in the oil industry: Eliminating aromatic compoundsfrom lube oil stocks to produce lubricants- Deasphalting- Aromatics

172 2010-2011

extraction from light oil cuts- Liquid-liquid extraction equipment.

UNIT-VI

Crystallization: Solid-liquid equilibria, equilibrium deviations- Nucleation-Crystal growth- Crystal agglomeration- Crystal morphology- Influence ofcrystal shape on filtration - Filtration operation- Crystal Techniques-Crystal purification techniques.

UNIT-VII

Crystallization in the oil industry: Solvent dewaxing- Description ofdewaxing unit using the MEK-Toluene solvent mixture-Operating a solventdewaxing unit - Process developments.

UNIT-VIII

Adsorption: Adsorbents- Adsorption thermodynamics- Transportphenomena in adsorbers- Bed profiles and breakthrough curves- Differenttechniques for implementing adsorption.

Adsorption in the oil industry: Dehydration- Desulfurization- Decarbonationof gases- Eliminating oxygenated products from hydrocarbon cuts-Hydrogen purification- n/Isoparaffin separation- Separation of olefins-Separation of aromatics- Recovery of hydrocarbon vapors- Clay treatments.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Petroleum Refining: Separation Processes, Jean- Pierre Wauquier, 2nd

Edition, Editions Technip, 1998.

2. Mass Transfer Operations, R.E. Treybal, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw Hill,1980.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Separation Processes, C.J. King, 2nd Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1980.

2. Staged Cascades In Chemical Processing, P.L.T. Brian, Prentice-Hall,1972.




Elective-III

NATURAL GAS PROCESSING

UNIT-I

Overview of natural gas Industry: Introduction- The world picture fornatural gas- Natural Gas in India - Nonconventional gas reserves in India-Sources of natural gas- Natural gas compositions – Classification-Processing and principal products- Product specifications- Combustioncharacteristics- Overview of gas plant processing- Roles of gas plants -Plant processes- Important support- Contractual agreements andeconomics.

UNIT-II

Field operations and inlet receiving: Introduction- Field operations- Gashydrates Inlet receiving- Safety and environmental considerations.

Compression: Introduction- Fundamentals- Thermodynamics ofcompression- Compressor types- Capacity and power calculations-Comparison of reciprocating and centrifugal compressors - Safety andenvironmental considerations.

UNIT-III

Gas treating: Introduction- Solvent absorption processes- Physicalabsorption- Adsorption- Cryogenic fractionation- Membranes-Nonregenerable hydrogen Sulfide scavengers- Biological processes- Safetyand environmental considerations.

UNIT-IV

Gas dehydration: Introduction- Water content of hydrocarbons- Gasdehydration processes - Safety and environmental considerations.

UNIT-V

Hydrocarbon recovery: Introduction- Process components- Recoveryprocesses - Safety and environmental considerations.

UNIT-VI

Nitrogen rejection: Introduction- Nitrogen rejection for gas upgrading-

174 2010-2011

Nitrogen rejection for enhanced oil recovery- Safety and environmentalconsiderations.

Trace component recovery or removal: Introduction-Helium-Mercury-(BTEX) Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene.

UNIT-VII

Liquids processing: Introduction- Condensate processing- NGLprocessing- Safety and environmental considerations.

Sulfur recovery: Introduction- Properties of sulfur- Sulfur recovery -Sulfur storage- Safety and environmental considerations.

Transportation and storage: Introduction-Gas – Liquids.

UNIT-VIII

Liquefied Natural Gas: Introduction- Gas treating before liquefaction-Liquefaction cycles- Storage of LNG- Transportation- Regasification andcold utilization of LNG- Economics - Plant efficiency - Safety andenvironmental considerations.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Fundamental of Natural Gas Processing, Arthur J. Kidnay, William R.Parrish, Taylor and Francis, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Natural Gas: A Basic Handbook, James G. Speight, Gulf PublishingCompany, 2007.

2. Gas Conditioning and Processing, John M. Campbell, Volume 2, 7th

Edition, Campbell Petroleum Series, 1992.

3. Gas Conditioning and Processing, Robert N. Maddox, Volume 3, 3rd

Edition, Campbell Petroleum Series, 1982.

4. Petroleum & Gas Field Processing, H. K. Abdel – Aal, MohamedAggour and M. A. Fahim, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003.

5. Engineering Data Book 12th Edition (Electronic), FPS Version, VolumeI & II, Gas Processers Suppliers Association (GPSA), 2005.

6. Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing, SaeidMokhatab, William A. Poe, James G. Speight, Gulf ProfessionalPublishing, 2006.


7. Surface Production Operations, Ken Arnold, Maurice Stewart, Volume2, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Science, 1989.

8. Field Handling of Natural Gas, J. Leecraft, 4th Edition, PETEX, 2007.

9. Plant Processing of Natural Gas, Doug Elliot, J.C. Kuo, PervouzNasir, 2nd Edition, PETEX, 2012.

176 2010-2011



Elective-IIINATURAL GAS HYDRATES

UNIT-I

Introduction: Overview of natural gas hydrates- Natural gas- Watermolecule- Hydrates- Water and natural gas- Free-Water- Heavy water-Units.

Hydrate types and formers: Type I hydrates- Type II hydrates- Size of theguest molecule- n-Butane- Other hydrocarbons and non hydrocarbonmolecules- Chemical properties of potential guests- Liquid hydrate formers-Type H hydrates- Hydrate forming conditions- Pressure-Temperature-Composition- Other hydrate formers- Mixtures- Examples.

UNIT-II

Hydrate formation hand calculation methods: Gas gravity method- K-Factor method- Baillie-Wichert method- Comments on these methods-Examples.

UNIT-III

Hydrate formation computer methods: Phase equilibrium- Van der Waalsand Platteeuw- Parrish and Prausnitz-Ng and Robinson methods-Calculations- Commercial software packages- Accuracy of these programs-Dehydration- Examples.

UNIT-IV

Inhibiting hydrate formation with chemicals: Freezing point depression-Hammerschmidt equation- Nielsen-Bucklin equation- New method- Brinesolutions- Comment on the simple methods- Advanced calculation methods-Inhibitor vaporization- Comment on injection rates- Kinetic inhibitors-Examples.

UNIT-V

Dehydration of natural gas: Water content specification-Glycoldehydration- Molecular sieves- Refrigeration- Examples.

UNIT-VI

Combating hydrates using heat and pressure: Use of heat- Heat loss from


a buried pipeline- Line heater deign- Two-Phase heater transfer-Depressurization- Melting a plug with heat- Examples.

UNIT-VII

Physical properties of hydrates: Molar mass - Density- Enthalpy offusion- Heat capacity- Thermal conductivity- Mechanical properties- Volumeof gas in hydrate- Ice versus hydrate- Examples.

Phase diagrams: Phase rule- Comments about phases- Single componentsystems- Binary systems- Phase behavior below 0°C- Multicomponentsystems- Examples.

UNIT-VIII

Water content of natural gas: Equilibrium with liquid water- Equilibriumwith solids- Examples.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers, John J. Carroll, GulfProfessional Publishers, 2003.

2. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, E. Dendy Sloan, Jr., C. Koh, 3rd

Edition, CRC Press, 2007.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance, E. Dendy Sloan, C. Koh,A. K. Sum, A. L. Ballard, J. Creek, M. Eaton, N. McMullen, T.Palermo, G. Shoup and L. Talley, Elsevier, 2010.

178 2010-2011



Elective-IV

CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

UNIT-I

Overview of chemical reaction engineering- Classification of reactions,variables affecting the rate of reaction definition of reaction rate. Kineticsof homogenous reactions- Concentration dependent term of rate equation-Temperature dependent term of rate equation-Searching for a mechanism-Predictability of reaction rate from theory.

UNIT-II

Interpretation of batch reactor data- Constant volume batch reactor-Analysis of total pressure data obtained in a constant-volume system- theconversion- Integral method of analysis of data– General procedure-Irreversible unimolecular type first order reactions- Irreversible bimoleculartype second order reactions-Irreversible trimolecular type third orderreactions, empirical reactions of nth order, zero-order reactions-Overallorder of irreversible reactions from the half-life- Fractional life method-Irreversible reactions in parallel- homogenous catalyzed reactions-Autocatalytic reactions-Irreversible reactions in series.

UNIT-III

Constant volume batch reactor– First order reversible reactions-Secondorder reversible reactions- Reversible reactions in general reactions ofshifting order- Differential method of analysis of data. Varying volumebatch reactor–Differential method of analysis Integral method of analysis,zero order, first order, second order, nth order reactions-Temperature andreaction rate-The search for a rate equation.

UNIT-IV

Introduction to reactor design- General discussion, symbols andrelationship between C

A and X

A - Ideal reactors for a single reaction- Ideal

batch reactor- Steady-state mixed flow reactor- Steady-state plug reactors.

UNIT-V

Design for single reactions- Size comparison of single reactors- Multiple-reactor systems-Recycle reactor-Autocatalytic reactions.


UNIT-VI

Design for parallel reactions- Introduction to multiple reactions- Qualitativediscussion about product distribution-Quantitative treatment of productdistribution and of reactor size.

UNIT-VII

Irreversible first order reactions in series-Quantitative discussion aboutproduct distribution-quantitative treatment plug flow or batch reactor-Quantitative treatment mixed flow reactor- First-order followed by zeroorder reaction- zero order followed by first order reaction.

UNIT-VIII

Temperature and pressure effects- Single reactions- Heats of reaction fromthermodynamics-Heats of reaction and temperature-Equilibrium constantsfrom thermodynamics-Equilibrium conversion.

Basics of non-ideal flow- E-The age distribution of fluid-T the RTD-Conversion in Non-ideal flow reactors- Diagonizing reactors ills (qualitativediscussion only).

TEXT BOOK:

1. Chemical Reaction Engineering, Octave Levenspiel, 3rd Edition, JohnWiely & Sons, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, H.S. Fogler, 2nd Edition,PHI, 1992.

2. Chemical Engineering Kinetics, J.M.Smith, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw Hill,1981.

180 2010-2011



Elective-IV

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

UNIT-I

Basic philosophy of CFD: Governing equations of Fluid Dynamics,Incompressible Inviscid flows sources and vortex panel methods.

UNIT-II

Mathematical properties of fluid dynamic equations – Discretization ofpartial differential equations.

UNIT-III

Transformations and Grids, Explicit finite Differential methods – Someselected applications to inviscid and viscous flows.

UNIT-IV

Boundary layer equations and methods of solution.

UNIT-V

Implicit time dependent methods for inviscid and viscous compressibleflows, with a discussion of the concept of numerical dissipation.

UNIT-VI

Introduction to finite element methods in computational fluid dynamics –weighted residual formulation – weak formulation – piece wise definedshape functions – numerical integration – partial construction of a weakformulation – Examples.

UNIT-VII

Introduction of finite volume methods in computational fluid dynamics.FCM – Like finite volume methods – Cell centered formulation – LAX –Wendroff time stepping.

UNIT-VIII

Aspects of CFD computations with commercial packages and Examples.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction, John F. Wendt,John David Anderson, Springer, 2009.

2. Computational Fluid Dynamics – The Basics with Applications (1-5Chapters), John D. Anderson, Jr., McGraw – Hill, Inc., 1995.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid flow, S.V. Patankar, Taylor &Francis, 1980.

2. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite VolumeMethod, Versteeg, H.K., and Malalasekera W., 2nd Edition, PrenticeHall, 2007.

3. Muralidhar, K . Sundarajan, T., Computational Fluid Flow and HeatTransfer, Narosa Publishing House, 1995.

182 2010-2011



Elective-IV

PETROLEUM BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

Overview of application of biotechnology in petroleum industry - Use ofpetroleum biotechnology throughout the value chain of an oil company.

UNIT-II

The microbial diversity of deep surface oil reservoirs.

UNIT-III

Prospects for biological upgrading of heavy oils and asphaltenes.

UNIT-IV

Biotechnological approach for development of microbial enhanced oilrecovery.

UNIT-V

Using nitrate control microbially produced hydrogen sulfide in oil fieldwaters.

UNIT-VI

Bioremediation of marine spills.

UNIT-VII

Bio-corrosion and molecular tools in microbial corrosion.

UNIT-VIII

Biological treatment of polluted air emissions.

Biotreatment of water pollutants from the petroleum industry.

Future directions of applications of biotechnology – Technology needs.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Petroleum Biotechnology: Developments and Perspectives, RafaelVazquez – Duhalt, Rodolfo Quintero Ranuruz, Elsevier, 2004.




PROJECT WORK

The project work may consist of any one of the following:

a) The project work should consist of a comprehensive design projectof any one of the petroleum upstream processes concerned withreservoir, drilling, production, surface production operations,stimulation, enhanced oil recovery in the form of a report.

b) Modeling & Simulation of any petroleum upstream unit concernedwith reservoir, drilling, production, surface production operations,stimulation, enhanced oil recovery.

c) Any experimental work with physical interpretations.

jntu petroelum engineering syllabus

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