j.j. thomson model atom consists of positively charged matter with electron embedded on it - - - - -...
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Rutherford ModelTRANSCRIPT
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J.J. Thomson Model
Atom consists of positively charged matter with electron embedded on it
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Geiger and Masden Experiment
Some alpha particles are deflected=> There must be a very heavy particles,Γ It can not be electrons because alpha particle mass is about 8000 times mass.
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Rutherford Model
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Rutherford Scattering
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Remember some formulas
x
π₯ /sinπ=π¦ /sinπΌ
y
π1
π2p
sin 12(πβπ )=cos π2
Ξπ=π1βπ2=β«πΉ ππ‘Angular momentum:
Electric Force Between alpha particles and nucleus
πΉ=1
4 π π02ππ2
π2
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Nuclear DimensionsRutherford assumed the nucleus size is smaller compared to the minimum distance of alpha particles approaches nucleus before deflected
At closest point R, all kinetic particles is converted to electric potential energy
KE
R is ussually predicted as maximum the nucleus size
Fraction of incident alpha scattered by or more
π =πππ‘ [ ππ24ππ0πΎπΈ ]
2
cot 2 π2
Number of alpha particle per unit are striking screen at
N
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Weakness of Rutherford Model
+Ze
-e
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Electron Orbit
Condition for a dynamically stable orbit of hidrogen atom
+
-ev
r
π£=π
β4π π0ππ
Total Energy
E = EK +EP
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Bohr ModelAn electron can circle a nucleus only if its orbit contains an integral number of de Broglie wavelenghts
π= hππ£= hπ β 4π π0ππ
Condition for orbit stability ππ=2πππ
Orbital radii in Bohr atom ππ=π2h2π0πππ2
π0=π1=h2π0πππ2
=5.292Γ10β11mBohr radius
Energy levels πΈπ=ππ4
8 π02h2
1π2
=πΈ1
π2
πΈ1=β13.6ππ=β2.18Γ10β 18 π½
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Atomic Spectra
Ground state
excitation
hfemission
Source: www.cfa.harvard.edu
Source: 5e.plantyphys.net
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Hydrogen Series1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 1ππ2 β
1ππ2 )
β πΈ1hπ =π =1.097Γ107/mRydberg constant:
Lyman Series: 1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 112β 1ππ2 ) ππ=2,3,4 ,β¦
Balmer Series:
Pachen Series
Bracket Series
Pfund Series
1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 122 β 1ππ2 )
1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 132 β 1ππ2 )
1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 142β 1ππ2 )
1π=β
πΈ1
hπ ( 152β 1ππ2 )
ππ=3,4,5 ,β¦
ππ=4,5 ,6β¦
ππ=5 ,6 ,7β¦
ππ=6 ,7,8 ,β¦
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Source: www. astro.cornell.edu
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Source: chemed.chem.purdue.edu
High voltage+
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Light Interaction with atom
hf
absoption
hf
Spontaneous emission
hf
Stimulated emission
hf
hf
Stimulated emission
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Laser (Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)
Population inversionfast decay
hf hf
www.photon-science.desy.de
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www.ryerson.ca
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He-Ne Laser
Source: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Source: www.rp-photonics.com
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Semiconductor Laser
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Surce: www.sony.net