Jets and Annular Structures

in Geophysical Fluids: Introduction

Shigeo YODENKyoto Univ.

Objectives To bring together those working on the problem of

annular modes with those working on related features and dynamics within other geophysical fluids

To promote the development of predictive theories of annular modes and the behaviors of jets in Earth's atmosphere, in the oceans, and in planetary atmospheres

Topics(A) Jets in the Atmosphere(B) Jets in the Oceans(C) Atmospheric Annular Modes(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary Atmospheres(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)

This Chapman conference

My very private motivations(A, C) Atmospheric Jets and Annular Modes

Yoden, Shiotani, and Hirota (1987) Multiple planetary flow regimes in the southern

hemisphere. J.Met.Soc.Japan, 65-4, 571-586.analysis of low-frequency variations of zonal mean zonal

windsingle-jet regime double-jet regime

“SH Annular Modes”(c.f., Thompson and Wallace, 2000)

double-jet regime

single-jet regime

1980 1981

1982 1983

Thompson and Wallace (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016.

Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere

Akahori and Yoden (1997) Zonal flow vacillation and bimodality of baroclinic

eddy life cycles in a simple global circulation model. J.Atmos.Sci., 54-19, 2349-2361.

perpetual runs of an idealized Mechanistic Circulation Model

(c.f., Thorncroft et al., 1993)“LC1”anticyclonic breakingin high-latitude jet regime“LC2”cyclonic breakingin low-latitude jet regime

Thorncroft, Hoskins, and McIntyre, 1993: Two paradigms of baroclinic wave life-cycle behaviour. Quart.J.Roy.Met.Soc., 119, 17-56.

PV contour on an isentropic surface (PV- plot) in an Atlantic storm track sharing its main characteristics

LC1-type life cyclethe mean jet

anticyclonic breaking

LC2-type life cycle

the mean jet cyclonic breaking

Robinson, 2006: Eddy mediated interactions between low latitudes and the extratropics. The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere (Schneider and Sobel Eds.), Princeton Univ. Press.

Schematics of eddy-zonal flow interactions in a “normal” circulation

effects of tropical warming (ElNino)effects of global greenhouse warmingregime shift to “equatorial super rotation” ?

Yoden, Yamaga, Pawson, and Langematz (1999) J.Met.Soc.Japan, 77-2, 431-445. Yoden, Taguchi, and Naito (2002) Numerical studies on time variations of the troposphere- stratosphere coupled system. J.Met.Soc.Japan, 80-4B, 811- 830.

composite analysis of normalized zonal-mean temperature variations for

a. 34 zonal wave-1 SSW eventsb. 30 zonal wave-2 SSW events

difference in downward penetration to the troposphere

WN1 events

WN2 events

Baldwin and Dunkerton (1999) J.Geophys.Res., 104, 30,937-30,946. ------ and ------ (2001) Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science, 244, 581-584.

dynamical interactionsbaroclinic wave (BW) - zonal flow interaction

– rotating annulus experiments (c.f., tilted-trough vacillation)– Southern-Hemisphere like situation

role of forced planetary waves (PWs)– Northern-Hemisphere like situation

troposphere-stratosphere coupling– vertically propagating PWs and evanescent BWs

time-dependent behavioroscillations

– vacillation (Lorenz, 1963)regimes

– multiple flow equilibria (Charney and DeVore, 1979) predictability/prediction

time-scale separation: intraseasonal time-scale from that of BWshemispheric vs. local: blocking phenomena, Rossby wave trains,

...circulation changes due to global warming

(B) Jets in the OceanRhines (1994) Jets. Chaos, 4-2, 313-339.

periodic domain closed basin

Antarctic circumpolar current multiple jets in a closed basin

high-resolution model wave transport vs. turbulent mixing ......

Galperin et al. (2004, GRL)

time-averaged circulation forced by periodic wave forcing

periodic domain closed basin

(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary AtmospheresDowling and Spiegel (1990) Stellar and Jovian vortices. Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sci., 617, 190-216

Observed “surface” wind profiles

deep convection in spherical shell or shallow 2D turbulence universality and diversity of planetary atmospheres .......

Sun

(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)Ishioka, Hasegawa and Yoden (2006) Asymmetrization of jet profiles in beta-plane turbulence

Rhines (1975, JFM ) “Waves and turbulence on a beta-plane”

characteristic wavenumber

Yoden and Yamada (1993) A numerical experiment on two-dimensional decaying turbulence

on a rotating sphere. J.Atmos.Sci., 50-4, 631-643. Williams (1978) “Barotropic representation of Jovian and Terrestrial Turbulence. Ω=400

(c.f., Ishioka et al., 1999)

emergence of a westward circumpolar vortex

zonal jet structure in low-latitudes

(Williams, 1978)

Laboratory experiments on “Rossby waves and the polar vortex”

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, University of Washington a polar ß-plane experiment: rapidly rotating (Ω=3.2/s) homogeneous fluid with a free surface

producing mechanism of a westward circumpolar vortexweakly nonlinear Rossby waves or highly nonlinear PV mixing

2D non-divergent barotropic fluid vs. shallow water infinite or finite value of Rossby’s deformation radiusbalanced dynamics, role of gravity waves

application to the real atmospheres and oceans

http://www.ocean.washington.edu/research/gfd/gfd.html

Objectives To bring together those working on the problem of

annular modes with those working on related features and dynamics within other geophysical fluids

To promote the development of predictive theories of annular modes and the behaviors of jets in Earth‘s atmosphere, in the oceans, and in planetary atmospheres,

or, in Geophysical FluidsTopics

(A) Jets in the Atmosphere(B) Jets in the Oceans(C) Atmospheric Annular Modes(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary Atmospheres(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)

This Chapman conference

Time 9 (Mon) 10 (Tue) 11 (Wed) 12 (Thu)

9:00-10:00 Intro. Yoden (B) J. Marshall (A) McIntyre (D) Allison(A) Lee　

10:00-10:30 Poster session-2 Poster session-3 Poster session-4

<30 min.> <Coffee break> <Coffee> <Coffee> <Coffee>11:00-11:30 (A) Swanson 　 　 　11:30-12:30 (A) Haynes (B) Gille (C) Baldwin (D) Miesch

(A) Dunkerton (B) Hughes (C) Ambaum (D) Read<90 min.> <Lunch> <Lunch> <Lunch> <Lunch>

14:00-15:30 (C) Wallace　

(B) Nakano (E) Hayashi (D,E) Galperin(B) Berloff (E) Ishioka (C) Black

(C) Kushner (A,B) Shuckburgh (E) Smith (C) Watterson <30 min.> <Coffee break> <Coffee break> 　

　　　　　　　

(C) Huang16:00-17:00 Short intro. of (C) Lorenz <Coffee break>

Posters - 1 & 2 (C) Jin Panel Discussions(Chair) Robinson17:00-18:00 Poster session - 1 Short intro. of

<Ice Breaker> Posters - 3 & 4<30 min.> 　 <Break> <Break>

18:30-20:00 　　

<Conf. Dinner> <Conference Party>20:00-21:00 (E) Rhines