jessica garisch, phd marc wilson, associate professor
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Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor. Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel correlations between NSSI and various inter- and intrapersonal risk and protective factors. Overview. NSSI - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Jessica Garisch, PhDMarc Wilson, Associate Professor
Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel
correlations between NSSI and various inter- and
intrapersonal risk and protective factors.
Overview
NSSI Self-performed, deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. No accepted within person’s culture.
Methodology
Participants (surveyed twice, c. 4 months apart) Matched sample: 322 (223 female) (mean age: 19.90 years, SD
5.76)
Measures Deliberate self-harm inventory (7 items) Toronto Alexithymia Scale (9 items) Zung depression and anxiety scales (3 items each) Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (2 items) Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised (3 items) 4 items assessing substance abuse Barrett Impulsivity Scale II (6 items) Resilience measure (3 items) Schutte (adaptive use of emotions) (12 items)
Findings: Prevalence
Lifetime prevalence (at T1 in 1st year of survey; N= 593): Females: 46.1% Males: 38.4%
Between the survey administrations 17.3% of participants (N=322) reported having engaged in NSSI
Correlations
Correlations between T1 predictor variables and T2 NSSI
T1 Predictor T2 NSSI
Alexithymia .34***
Self-esteem -.18**
Depression .40**
Anxiety .34***
Resilience -.31***
Mindfulness -.34***
Impulsivity .19***
**p<.01; ***p<.001
Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
NSSI NSSI
AnxietyAnxiety
NSSINSSI
Depression Depression
.34***
.50***
.11***
.17*** .13*
.04
.36***
.63***
T1 T2 T1 T2
**p<.01; ***p<.001
Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
Anxiety
Depression Depression
Anxiety
.20***
.37***
.43***
.20**
NSSI NSSI
.12**
.11 ͣ�
.10 ͣ� ͣ-.01
.55***
?
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
NSSI NSSI
ResilienceResilience
NSSINSSI
Self-esteem Self-esteem
.37***
.80***
-.02
-.12* -.23*
-.03 ͣ�
.35***
.42***
T1 T2 T1 T2
NSSI
mindfulnessmindfulness
NSSI ͣ.35***
.61***
-.08*
-.14**
1. ͣNSSI ͣresults ͣin...↓ ͣSelf-esteem↓ ͣResilience ͣ↓ ͣMindfulness ͣ ͣ
2. ͣLow ͣmindfulness ͣlinked ͣto ͣfuture ͣNSSI
T1 T2
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
Cross-lag correlations: Travel alongside
NSSI NSSI
ImpulsivityImpulsivity
NSSINSSI
Alexithymia Alexithymia
.33***
.68***
.05
.04
.04
.03
.37***
.74***
T1 T2 T1 T2
NSSI
Substance ͣabuse
Substance ͣabuse
NSSI ͣ.40***
.92***
.06 ͣ� ͣ
.01
T1 T2 T1 T2
Adaptive ͣuse ͣof ͣemotions
Adaptive ͣuse ͣof ͣemotions
NSSINSSI.35***
.54***
-.07 ͣ�
-.00
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
Implications for treatment
What are the active ingredients in change?
Correlates: not all causal + necessary targets for therapy
Addressing the direct causal factors will potentially have a knock-on effect on other risk factors that travel alongside NSSI
Implications for treatment: DBT
Importance of stabilising mood Distress Tolerance Emotion regulation
Importance of mindfulness Regular mindfulness practice Wise mind v. Emotion mind
Summary
Depression and mindfulness were directly linked to higher rates of NSSI over time.
NSSI was directly linked to greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, lower resilience and lower mindfulness over time.
Alexithymia, adaptive use of emotions, impulsivity and substance abuse did not have a significant direct relationship with NSSI over time, or vice versa.
Depression and mindfulness as key targets in interventions