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TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Organic Compounds
Classification of Organic Compounds
The Shapes of Carbon Compounds
Some Characteristic Features of π Bonds
Complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas
Functional Group
Nomenclature of Organic compounds
IUPAC system of nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Last Class
08
09
Nomenclature of Organic compounds having functional groups
Nomenclature of Organic compounds having alicyclic rings
Nomenclature of substituted benzene ring
Nomenclature of bicyclo and spiro compounds
01
Today
02
03
04
The state of hybridisation of 𝑪𝟐, 𝑪𝟑, 𝑪𝟓 and 𝑪𝟔 of the hydrocarbon,
is in the following sequence
A. 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝 B. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3
C. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 D. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3
CTQ- Concept tester question
The state of hybridisation of 𝑪𝟐, 𝑪𝟑, 𝑪𝟓 and 𝑪𝟔 of the hydrocarbon,
is in the following sequence
A. 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝 B. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3
C. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 D. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3
CTQ- Concept tester question
How many atoms are present in the same plane in 𝑪𝑯𝟑 − 𝑪𝑯 = 𝑪𝑯𝟐
C. 8
A. 6 B. 7
D. 5
CTQ- Concept tester question
How many atoms are present in the same plane in 𝑪𝑯𝟑 − 𝑪𝑯 = 𝑪𝑯𝟐
C. 8
A. 6 B. 7
D. 5
CTQ- Concept tester question
How many primary carbon will be present in a simplest hydrocarbon having
two tertiary and one secondary carbon atom?
C. 5
CTQ- Concept tester question
A. 3 B. 4
D. 6
How many primary carbon will be present in a simplest hydrocarbon having
two tertiary and one secondary carbon atom?
C. 5
CTQ- Concept tester question
A. 3 B. 4
D. 6
ASSIGNMENT LEADERBOARD
CourseJEE Advanced 2 yr Full Course Batch 1 -
Chemistry (1st Year)Date 8-Oct-2021
Lecture
# Student name Total QuestionsCorrect Question
Attempts
Time Taken
(secs)
Time Taken
(min:sec)
1 Yash Nandurkar 10 10 88 01:28
2 Tanisha Sinha 10 10 1062 17:42
3 krishna 10 9 146 02:26
4 kunush bhure 10 9 194 03:14
5 VAISHNAVI BHOSALE 10 9 230 03:50
6 L. Layashree 10 8 171 02:51
7 Aditi Avhad 10 7 20 00:20
8 Suyash 10 7 64 01:04
9 Nandini 10 7 429 07:09
10 sanmith 10 6 172 02:52
11 Sousthab Haldar 10 5 150 02:30
12 Pratik Pawaskar 10 5 170 02:50
13 Mehak Barapatre 10 4 259 04:19
Types of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
• Hydrogen atoms attached to 1° carbon
atom is a 1° hydrogen.
• Hydrogen atoms attached to 2° carbon
atom is a 2° hydrogen and so on.
• Benzylic carbon is the carbon atom which
is directly attached to benzene ring
• Benzylic hydrogen is the hydrogen
attached to benzylic carbon.
Types of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
• Allylic carbon is the carbon attached
to a double bond
• Vinylic carbon is the sp2 hybridized
carbon.
Functional Group
• A functional group is an atom or group of atoms present in a molecule that gives the
molecule its characteristic chemical properties.
• Some examples are hydroxyl group (–OH), aldehyde group (–CHO) and carboxylic
acid group (–COOH) etc.
Homologous Series
o Group of compounds having similar structures, chemical properties and successive
members differ in their molecular formula by –CH2 unit.
Homologous series of Alcohol
Common (Trivial system)
• Trivial system is useful for
common molecules or for those
molecules which has lengthy
name according to rules.
• There are two main systems of nomenclature of organic compounds :
a) Trivial system,
b) IUPAC system.
1. Longest chain rule :
The first step is to select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms which may or
may not be horizontal (straight).
IUPAC system of nomenclature
(A) Rules for Naming Complex Aliphatic Compounds when no Functional
Group is Present (Saturated Hydrocarbons or Paraffins or Alkanes)
(b) The horizontal straight chain consists six carbon atoms while the longest zig-zag
chain consists eight carbon atoms.
IUPAC system of nomenclature
(c) If the compound contains two possible longest chain, then select the chain which
has highest number of branching.
IUPAC system of nomenclature
How many carbon atoms are present in the longest chain in the following
compound?
C. 8
CTQ- Concept tester question
A. 7 B. 6
D. 9
How many carbon atoms are present in the longest chain in the following
compound?
C. 8
CTQ- Concept tester question
A. 7 B. 6
D. 9
2. Numbering of the carbon atoms of the longest chain :
IUPAC system of nomenclature
(a) The carbon atoms carrying the first substituent get the lowest possible number
(Lowest individual number rule or lowest locant rule).
IUPAC system of nomenclature
(b) In case, there are two or more similar substituents attached to the parent chain,
their positions are indicated separately by the prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc.
And numbering will be done in such a way that the sum of locants should be lowest
(Lowest set of locants rule).
(c) In case, there are different alkyl substituents at equivalent positions, then
numbering of the parent chain is done in such a way that the alkyl group which comes
first in the alphabetical order gets the lower number.
IUPAC system of nomenclature
(d) Naming of complex alkyl substituents
The name of the complex substituents named in the brackets.
IUPAC system of nomenclature
4-(1’-Methyl ethyl) heptane
Or
4-isopropyl heptane
B. Rules for Naming Complex Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
IUPAC system of nomenclature
1. Longest chain : The longest chain of carbon atoms is selected so as to include
the double or triple bond even if it is not the actual longest chain of carbon atoms.
2. Numbering of longest chain : Numbering of the chain is done in such a way that
the double bond/triple bond gets lowest number.
1
What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?
A. 2-Ethyl-4-methyl hexane B. 5-Ethyl-3-methyl hexane
C. 3,5-Dimethylheptane D. 3,5-Dimethylhexane
What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?
A. 2-Ethyl-4-methyl hexane B. 5-Ethyl-3-methyl hexane
C. 3,5-Dimethylheptane D. 3,5-Dimethylhexane
What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?
A. 4-Ethylpent-1-ene B. 2-Ethylpent-4-ene
C. 4-Methylhex-1-ene D. 3-Methylhex-1-ene
Today
Nomenclature of Organic compounds having alicyclic rings
Rules:• The alicyclic compound is named with a cyclo in the prefix.
• If a substituents are present, then numbering is done as per lowest set
of locant rule.
• If the substituent chain contain more carbon than the cyclic chain then it
is considered as the main chain and cyclo group is considered as
substituent.
Nomenclature of Organic compounds having functional groups
Rules: • The parent chain should contain the carbon having the functional group.
• Numbering is done so that carbon containing functional group gets lowest number.
• If more than one functional group is present, then primary functional group is
selected according to priority order
• The primary functional group will be named in suffix, the rest will be named as
prefixes to the root word.
Today
Nomenclature of substituted benzene ring
Rules:• Substituents are numbered according to lowest set of locant rule.
• 1,2 ; 1,3 & 1,4 substituents are called ortho, meta & para respectively.
• Priority order of functional group is followed in case of more than one
functional group attached to benzene ring.
Nomenclature of bicyclo and spiro compounds