Introduction to literature and combined arts1

Medium and Elements of poetry2

Uses of poetry3

Short story4

poetry5

Overview

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literature

Is the art written works, and is not bound to published sources(although, under circumstances unpublished sources can be exempt).

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3 main ingredients of literature

1.Poetrycomposition which is written in

verse

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TREESby: Joyce Kilmer

I THINK that I shall never seeA poem lovely as a tree.A tree whose hungry mouth is prestAgainst the earth's sweet flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day,And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in Summer wearA nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain;Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me,But only God can make a tree.

Example of

poetry

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2.Proseis a kind of literature which does

not adhere to any particular structure except for grammar.

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Example of a prose

Psalm 93The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty;the Lord is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved.Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting.The floods have lifted up, Oh Lord, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves.The Lord on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea.Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becometh thine house, O Lord, forever.

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3.Playconsists of dialogues between

the characters

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Examples of play

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Facts about literature

"The Mouse Trap," by Agatha Christie is the longest running play in history.

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All of the roles in Shakespeare's plays were originally acted by men and boys. In England at that time, it wasn't proper for females to appear on stage.

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All the proceeds earned from James M. Barrie's book "Peter Pan" were bequeathed to the Great Ormond Street Hospital for the Sick Children in London.

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Barbara Cartland is the world's top-selling author with over 500 millioncopies sold.

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Cinderella's slippers were originally made out of fur. The story was changed in the 1600s by a translator. It was the left shoe that Aschenputtel (Cinderella) lost at the stairway, when the prince tried to follow her.

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Frank Baum named "Oz" after a file cabinet in his office. One cabinet was labeled "A to N," and the second was labeled "O to Z."

Ghosts appear in 4 Shakespearian plays; Julius Caesar, Richard III, Hamlet and Macbeth.

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John Milton used8,000 different words in his poem, "Paradise Lost."

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The Three Musketeers names are Porthos, Athos, and Aramis (D'Artagnan joins them later.)

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Medium of literature

Print. There is more literature printed on paper than made available in any other way. As a "for instance" here, the amount of e-books sold represented far less than 1% of the total book sales for the recent year. This has more to do with the way the book market works - the manner in which publishers and retailers do business.The number of electronic books is growing, and there is a lot of stuff (or at least excerpts) you can access online. When will another media surpass print for the dissemination of literature? It's anyone's guess.

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Elements of literature

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character

 Character plays a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kinds of narratives.

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Types of character

Flat CharactersFlat characters are minor characters in a work of fiction who do not undergo substantial change or growth in the course of a story

Static CharactersWhen people say that a character is "static," they're referring to the fact that a character doesn't change.

Round CharactersAs a writer, your focus will be on developing your round characters. For readers, these are the characters you'll put the most effort into following and understanding.

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CONTINUATION

Dynamic CharactersThe opposite of static characters, dynamic characters will undergo some kind of change in the course of the story.

Stock Characters  Stock characters draw from widely known cultural

types for their characteristics and mannerisms, and are often used in parody. Every culture has its own set of stock characters. In Italian commedia dell'arte, for example, Scaramouche epitomized the unscrupulous and unreliable servant. In modern American culture, Thurber's Walter Mitty created the mold for the hen-pecked husband and dreamer.

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CONTINUATION

Protagonistshe protagonist is the main character in a story, novel, drama, or other literary work, the character that the reader or audience empathizes with. 

AntagonistsThe antagonist in a work of fiction is the character who opposes the hero, orprotagonist. The antagonist, when there is one, provides the story's conflict.

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setting

 It refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story

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theme

contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story

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structure

In dramas, there are plots and subplots. These also are divided into acts and scenes. Here the contrasting subplots give the main plot an additional perspective. Likewise, novels have different chapters and scenes. 

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Point of view

Point of view is another element of the narrative, through which a writer tells the story.

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conflict

Be it a short story, drama or novel, conflict is the essential element of all these literary forms. A plot becomes interesting and intriguing when it has its share of inbuilt conflict and twists. Conflict can be internal conflict or external. It can take place between two men, between the character and his psychology, between the character and circumstances or between character and society. 

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Use of language or diction A playwright exhibits the thoughts of

characters through dialogue. "Dialogue" has come from the Greek word "dialogosa" which means "conversation". Shakespeare used this to portray the thoughts, emotions and feelings of the character. This also provides clues to their background and personalities. Diction also helps in advancing the plot. Greek philosophers like Aristotle used dialogue as the best way to instruct their students. 

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foreshadowing

applied as hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.

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USES OF LITERATURE

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1ST USE

Literature was a repository of knowledge

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2ND USE

Teaches us more about psychology than the psychologists can

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3RD USE

It mobilizes all our faculties of knowledge at once: not just the ability to analyze the outer world but our introspection and intuition as well.

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4TH USE

Literature is the great school of knowledge

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5TH USE

Literature is exercising all our ways of knowing at once

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6TH USE

It presents us with the concrete and particular manifestations of universal truth.

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7TH USE

Makes sense out of data of human experience

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Short story

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What is a short story?

A short story is a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format.

5 important element of a short story

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1st element

A character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work.

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2nd element

The setting of a short story is the time and place in which it happens. Authors often use descriptions of landscape, scenery, buildings, seasons or weather to provide a strong sense of setting.

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3rd element

 plot is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict.

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Structure of a plot story

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4th element

The conflict is a struggle between two people or things in a short story. The main character is usually on one side of the central conflict.

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5th element

The theme is the central idea or belief in a short story.

Kinds of a short story

Ancient tales

It is the power of the utilization of the ancient form of the tale in the modern short story.

Italian writer Giovanni Verga's The She-Wolf (1880), and Chinese writer Yeh Shao-Chun's Mrs. Li's Hair are remarkable examples.

Fantasy

Fantasy stories are nothing but the fair combination of the old tales tradition and the supernatural details.

Humor

These types of stories are meant for producing surprise and delight. You will see that the most famous humorous tales and fables were written by the Americans.

Satire

The main purpose of satire is to attack the evils of society. There are writers who wrote stories of sober satire.

Education Story

Such stories revolve around the education of the main character.

History

History types deal with a life story or historical event. Welty's A Still Moment (a 1943 story about naturalist John James Audubon) is fine example of story dealing with history event.

Local Color

These types of stories deal with the customs and traditions of rural and small-town life.

Poetry

Poetry

a making: a forming, creating, or the art of poetry, or a poem) is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning.

55 Types of

Poetry

ABCAcrosticBalladBalladeBlank verseBioBurlesque

CanzoneCarpe diemCinquainClassicismConcreteCoupletDramatic

monologue

ElegyEpicEpigramEpitaphEpithalamium Free verseFound

GhazalHaikuHoratian odeIambic

pentameterIdyll Irregular odeItalian sonnet

LayLimerickListLyricMemoriam stanzaNameNarrative

Ode PastoralPetrarchanPindaric odeQuatrainRhymeRhyme royal

RomanticismRondeauSenryuSestinaShakespearea

nShapeSonnet

SoundTankaTerza RimaVerseVillanelleVisual

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The endthank you

prepared by group 3

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workshop

Role playing

ROLE PLAYING