SUPPLEMENTARY

Retort of the Committee on

Flammable Liquids

Correlating Committee

Leon. C. Schaller, Chairman E I dr,Pont deNemours & Co., DE

Robert P. Benedetti, Secretary Natio ~al Fire Protection Assn., MA

(Nonvoting)

Byron L. Brlese, Profe.,sional Loss Control, Inc., TN g. E. Cain, G. E. Cain & Co., DE Edward Hildebrandt, Village of Morton Grove, IL

Rep. Illinois Fire Inspectors Assn. C. L. Kingsbaker, Atlanta, GA Steven Landon, Trophy Club, TX JEoyce A. Rizzo, Lexico a Environmental Assoc., Inc., PA

ugene S. Schmitt, Degt. of State Police, MI PeterJ. Gore Willse, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT

Rep. Industrial Risk lasurers

Committee Scope: To direct the activities of the Technical Committees assigned to it which have primary responsibility for die development and revision of NFPA Codes, Standards, Recom- mended Practices and Manuals pertaining to the storage, transporta- tion, handling, and us~: of flammable and combustible liquids.

l"echnical Committee on

Autom(,tive and Marine Service Stations

Eugene S. Schmitt, Chairman Dept. of Sctte Police, Fire Marshal Division, MI

Charles B. Barnett, ASCOA Fire Systems, OH Thomas M. Bazzolo, CT Dept. of Public Safety, Bureau of State Fire Marshal, CT E.Joseph Bocci, Dept. of the Interior, Nat'l Park Service, Nat'l Capital Region. DC WilliamJ. Brown, Do*er Co., OPW Division, OH Arthur C. Fink, Huskey Corp.. MO Daniel T. Grace, Ansul Fire Protection, KY

Rep. Fire Equipmen,: Manufacturers" Assn., Inc. J~hn P. Hartmann, Hartmann Management Services Inc., IL tsonald Hausz, All Ovt Fire Equipment Co., Inc., NY

Rep. Nat'l Assn. of Fire Equipment Distributors Inc. JDOhn P. Higgins, Mutual Service Office, NJ

onald R. Hitchcock, Texaco Refining & Marketing, TX (Rep. API)

Clark F. Houghton, Mid-Missouri Oil Co., MO Rep. Petroleum Marketers Assn. of America

Donald M.Johnson, San Bruno, CA Rep. Western States Petroleum Assn.

Marshall A. Klein, Marshall A. Klein & Assoc. Inc., MD Rep. Valvoline lnsta,at Oil Change, Inc.

Martin E. Magera, UrMerwriters Laboratories Inc., IL A. E. Mittermaier, Tokheim. Corp., IN

Rep. Gas Pump Martufiacturers Assn. Richard F. Murphy, I~xxon Research & Engr Co., NJ Thaddeus A. Nosal, ?american Insurance Services Group, NY

Rep. American Insurance Services Group, Inc. Michael C. Perkins, SC% ~ Corp., TX William E. Rehr, City ofWheaton, IL

Rep. Fir Marshals A~,;sn. of North America Robert N. Renkes, Pctrnleum Equipment Inst., OK Howard Robbins, Joor Manufacturing Inc., CA ohn Smith Robison, AL State Fire Marshal's Office, AL homas Schruben, Reli~mce Reinsurance Corp., PA

William M. Shaughnessy, Comm. of MA Dept. of Public Safety, Office of State Fire lVIarshal, MA F. Michael Simone, CIGNA Loss control Services, PA

Rep, T /C Marinas & Boatyards E. A. Talbott, Salt River Project, AZ

Alternates

Jon v. Brannan, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (/kit. to M. E. Magera)

Fred B. Goodnight, Amerex Corp., AL (Alt. to D. T. Grace)

Robert L. Murray, Dover Corp., OPW Division, OH (Alt. to W.J. Brown)

Richard A. Poweli, Autry Petroleum Co., GA (Ah. C. F. Houghton)

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibil- ity for developing docmnents for safeguarding against the fire ,and explosion hazards associated with the storage, handling, and dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids at automotive and marine service stations and with related activities such as lubrication, minor repairs, adjustments, and routine maintenance work.

Technical Committee on

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Edward Hildebrandt, Chairman Village of Morton Grove, IL

Rep. Illinois Fire Inspectors Assn.

J • r n v. Brannan, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL eldon L. Brundrett, M&M Protection Consultants, TX

Michael T. Castellano,Joseph E. Seagram & Sons Inc., NY Rep. Distilled Spirits Council of US

Robert H. Christopher, E. I. duPont deNemours & Co. Inc., DE Rep. Nat'l Paint & Coatings Assn.

,lack T. Cranefield, Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA ohn A. Davenport, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT

Wayne Geyer, Steel Tank Inst., IL William R. Heitzig, The Dow Chemical Co., MI

Rep. Society of the Plastics Industry Inc. Donald L. Hierman, Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., NJ

Rep. Chemical Manufacturers Assn. Douglas L. Jeffries, Chevron Corp., CA

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. Donald M.Johnson, San Bruno, CA

Rep. Western States Petroleum Assn. Joshy Paul Kallungal, Ontario Fire Marshals Office, Canada RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow Corning Corp,, MI

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section James D. IGeffer, Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd, Canada Richard S. Kraus, American Petroleum Inst., VA

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. Wallace D. Malmstedt, American Ins. Services Group Inc., NY Robert E. McClay, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA

Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Navln D. Mehta, Defense Logistics Agency - WIR, VA Joseph IL Natale, Mobil Research & Development, NJ

Rep. Nat'l Petroleum Refiners Assn. Wilham E. Rehr, City ofWheaton, IL

Rep. Fire Marshals Assn. of North America Robert N. Renkes, Petroleum Equipment Inst., OK Douglas A, Rivers, 3M Co., MN GeraldJ. Rosicky, General Motors Corp., MI

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Eugene S. Schmltt, Dept. of State Police, Fire Marshal Division, MI

Rep. Fire Marshals Assn. of North America Orville M. Siye, Loss Control Assoc. Inc., PA Brooke B. Smith, Aspen Engineering Inc., CO Thomas K. Terrebonne, Kemper Nat'l Insurance Companies, HPR Dept., KS

Rep. The Alliance of American Insurers Harold S. Wass, IRM Insurance, NC Jack Woycheese, Gage-Babcock & Assoc., Inc., CA

Alternates

j . w. Craguu, Phillips Petroleum Co., OK (Alt. to D. L.Jeffries)

Dennis W. Cralley, Quaker State Corp., PA (Mt. to R.S. Kraus)

JohnJ . Foley, Gage-Babcock & Assoc. Inc., GA (Alt. toJ. Woycheese)

Daniel P. Freiburger, Underwriters Laboratories, CA (Mt. toJ. V. Brannan)

217

Robert D. Grausam, Kemper Nat'l Insurance Companies, NY (Ah. to T. Terrebonne)

David L. Hodgden, Owens-Illinois Inc., OH (Air. to W. IL Heitzig)

David C. Kirby, Union (2arbide Corp., WV (Ah. to D. L. Hierman)

John A. LeBlanc, Factory Mutual rEsearch Corp., MA (Alt. toJ. T. Cranefield)

David G. Mahoney, M&M Protection Consultants, IL (Alt. to W. Brundrett)

Arthur IL Nash, Michigan State Police, MI (Air. to E. S. Schmiu)

Michael B. Nolan,Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc., NY (Alt. to M. T. Castellano)

Thaddens A. Nosal, American Insurance Services Group, NY (Alt. to W. D. Malmstedt)

Anthony M. Ordile, ICI Americas Inc., NJ (Alt. to G.J. Rosicky)

Lee Paige, IRM Insurance, NC (Alt. to H. Wass)

Leon C. Schaller, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co. Inc., DE (?dt. to R. H. Christopher)

C. Charles Snow, 3M, MN (Alt. to D. A. Rivers)

William A. Thornberg, Industrial Risk Insurers, IL (Ah. toJ. A. Davenport)

Nonvoting

Michael B. Moore, US Occupafonal Safety & Health Admin., DC Richard F. Murphy, Exxon Research & Engr Co., NJ Terence P. Smith, US Depar tment of Labor, DC

(Air. to M. B. Moore)

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibil- ity for documents on criteria for safeguarding against fire and explosion hazards associated with tile general storage, handling, and useo f flammable and combustible liquids; and also for documents presenting criteria for the storage of f lammable and combustible liquids on farms and isolated construction projects.

Technical Committee on

Tank Leakage and Repair Safeguards Flammable Liquids

Joyce ~ Rizzo, Chairnuzn Lexicon Environmental Assoc., Inc., PA

Barry L. Bedaw, Entek Environmental & Tech Services Inc., NY J~n v. Brannan, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL

illiam C. Conklin, WCC Tank Technology, Inc., NY Donald W. Fleischer, Veeder-Root Co., CT Wayne Geyer, Steel Tank Inst., [L Donald M. Johnson, San Bruno, CA

Rep. Western States petroleum Assn. Kenneth D. Lattimer, Star Enterprise (Texaco), GA

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section George S. Lomax, Health Consultants Inc., PA

Rep. Int'l Assn. of Tank Testing Professionals Pau/ l . Meli, Bridgeport Chemical Corp., FL Willlam J. Purpora, Protanic Inc., WI Vernon Ray, Texas Gommission of Fire Protection, TX Frank P. Reisenauer, F. K. Fire Safety Consultants, WI Robert N. Renkes, Petroleum Eqnipment Inst., OK James R, Roeeo, B. P. Oil Company, OH

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. Thomas Sehrnben, Reliance Reinsurance Corp., PA Robert P. Siegel, 3M Co., MN

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibil- ity for documents on the criteria for safeguarding against file fire and explosion hazards associated widl: cleaning and repair of tanks and containers tiaat contained flammable or combustible liquids: safe entry into hanks and similar enclosures that contain or have contained flammable or combustible liquids; methods for detecting, controlling, and removing underground leakage; methods for controlling flammable and combustible liquids ,and gases found in manholes, sewers, vaults and similar underground structures.

Staff Liaison: Robert P. Benedetti

This list re]Oresents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time changes in the rmnnbership nuly have occurred.

Tile Supplementary Report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids is presented for adoption in four parts.

Part I of dais Supplementary Report was prepared by tile Technical Committee on Automotive and Marine Service Stations and proposes for adoption its actions on die public comments that were received on the proposed revision to NFPA 30A-1990, Automotive and Marine Service Station Code, as published in the Technical Committee Reports for file 1993 Annual Meeting.

Part I of this Supplementary Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Automotive and Marine Service Stations, which consists of 27 voting members, all of whom voted affirmatively.

Part 1 of this Supplementary Report has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating Committee on Flammable Liquids, which consists of 9 voting members, all of whom voted ,~rmatively.

Part II. of tiffs Supplementary Report vca~s, prepared, by the Technical Committee on Flammable and Combusuble Liqmds and proposes for adoption its actions on die public comments that were received on the proposed revision to NFPA 30-1990, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, as published in "d~e Technic~al Commil- tee Reports for the 1993 Atmnal Meeting.

Part II of this Supplementary Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Flammable and Combustible Liquids, which consists of 30 voting members, all of whom voted affirmatively.

Three members submitted comments with their affirmative votes.

Mr. Geyer stated that, in Comment 30-5 (Log #16), proposed Exception No. 2 to 2-3.3.1, part (el should be changed by replacing tile words "sounding an alarm" to "activating an alarm", he also suggested that actuation of die alarm and automatic stopping of delivery should be allowed to occur at any time up to and including the set-points specified in the text.

Mr. Nosal stated: "Our subscribers, who are members of the property/casualty insurance industry, had concerns with proposed revision to the storage density/quanti ty limits for retail occupancies. Primary concerns were enforcement issues and the possibility of increased hazard/fuel Ioadings in existing facilities, without enlmncement of suppression systems. This concern was not great enough to justify an abstaining or negative vote on NFPA 30 in total. (The concern), however, should be noted.

Mr. Smith stated: "Although voting in the affirmative for d~e revised document ,as a whole, I wish to be recorded as opposed to the inclusion of Comment 30-5 (Log #16), as published in the 1993 Annual Meeting TCD. In my opinion, secondary containment tanks (SCTs), even with die provisions of comment 30-6, do not provide for control of spillage as currently provided for by 2-3.3. Granting an exception for SCTs is. therefore, incorrect and potentially dangerous. Leakage from SCT piping connections, from a rupture or puncture of both SCT wails (e.g., from a projectile or other single incident impact, from a l ighming strike), or from overfilling would not be controlled as provided by the current Code and could endanger important adjacent facilities, adjoining property, or contiguous waterways."

Part II of tiffs Supplementary Report has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating Committee on Flammable Liquids, which consists of 9 voting members, all of whom voted ,~rmatively.

Part II1 of dfis Supplementary Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Tank Leakage and Repair Safeguards and proposes for adoption its actions on tile public comments that were received on the proposed revision to NFPA 327-1987, Standard Procedures for Cleaning or Safeguarding Small Tanks and Contain- ers, as published in the Technical Committee Reports for the 1993 AnnualMeeting.

218

Part llI of this Supplementary Report has been submit ted to letter ballot of tile Technical Commit tee on Tank Leakage and Repair Safeguards, which con.fists of 17 voting members , 14 of whom voted ,affirmatively, 1 abstained f rom voting (Mr. Fleischer), and 2 failed to return their ballots (Mr. Conklin and Mr. Meli).

Mr. Fleischer abstained because his expertise is in leak detection, no t cleaning and safeguarding of tanks.

Part III of this Supplementary Report has also been subufit ted to letter ballot of the Correlat ing Commit tee on Flammable Liquids, which consists of 9 voting members , all of whom voted affirmatively.

Part IV of this Supph:mentary Report was prepared by the Technical Commit tee on Tank Leakage and Repair Safeguards and proposes for adopt ion its actions on the single public c o m m e n t that was received on the p loposed new d o c u m e n t NFPA 327A-1993, Standard Procedures for Safe Entry o f Underground Storage Tanks, :is published in the Technical Commit tee Reports for the 1995 Annual Meeting.

PLEASE NOTE: This d o c u m e n t will be redesignated ,as NFPA 326.

Part IV of this Supplementary Report has been submit ted to letter ballot o f the Technical Commit tee on Tank Leakage and Repair S,'ffeguards, which consists of 17 voting members , 14 of whom voted affirmatively, 1 abstained f rmn voting (Mr. Fleischer), and 2 failed to return their ballots (Mr. Conklin and Mr. Meli).

Mr. Fleischer abstained because his expertise is in leak detection, not cleaning and safeguarding of tanks.

Part IV of this Supplementary Report has a/so been subnfit ted to letter ballot of the Correlating Commit tee on Flammable Liquids, which consists of 9 voting members , of whom 8 voted affirmatively and 1 negatively (Mr. Schaller).

Mr. Schaller voted negatively stating: "The response of the Commit tee to Log #1 is incons is ten t While

the Commit tee accepts in principle the r ecommenda t ion (and, presumeably, the substantiat ion), dae Commit tee ' s actions fall far short of meet ing the intent of the comments . Thus, die Commit tee has failed to give due considerat ion to all evidence presented to it."

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PART 1

(Log #1 ) 30A- 1 - (1-1.4): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Pet ro leum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-2 RECOMMENDATION: Delete paragraph exempt ing Motor Freight Terminals f rom the Code. SUBSTANTIATION: Fueling vehicles at a fi'eight terminal should riot be unique. Exempt ing such a specific occupancy sets an undesirable precedent. T he provisions of NFPA 513 are not adequate. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #59) 30A- 2 - (1-1.4): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: J o h n P. Har tmann , Barrington, II, COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-2 RECOMMENDATION: Tanks at truck terminals should remain in the scope of NFPA 30 and 30A and not be shifted to NFPA 513. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 513 has limited provisions concern ing fuel storage and fiieling operations. Tank installations at the majority of truck terminals are virtnally identical to those of o ther fleets. While flmeling methods may differ at some terminals, it would be preferable Io accommoda te these differences in NFPA 30 and 30A or as locally approved exceptions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accep t in Principle.

By means of action on C o m m e n t 30A-1 (Log #1). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This c o m m e n t is essentially identical to C o m m e n t 30A-I (Log #1).

(Log #2) 30A- 3 - (1-2 Aboveground Storage Tank): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-4 RECOMMENDATION: Insert "approved or" after first "is" in definition of Aboveground Storage Tank. SUBSTANTIATION: To restore an impor tan t provision o fTIA 90-1 that made tiffs definit ion consistent with NFPA 30. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It was the Commit tee ' s intent to require dmt listed tanks be used, thereby ensur ing daat dae tanks will have met appropriate and established listing requirements .

(Log #23) 30A- 4 - (1-2 Protected Tank): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-5 RECOMMENDATION: Change "Protected Tank" to "Fire Resistive

SUBSTANTIATION: "Protected" often refers to a fire suppression system. The intent is to have a passive system which will reduce tile hazard of a fire exposure. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

kanend this definit ion to read: Fire Resistant Tank. A tank assembly that consists of a listed

aboveground tank and construct ion tha t provides fire resistive protection from exposure to a high intensity liquid pool fire. (See 2-4.5). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The changes made to dfis definit ion are editorial in nature and correlate with the definition of "aboveground tank" used elsewhere in NFPA 30A.

(Log #3) 30A- 5 - (l-2 and 2-4.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald M.Jo lmson, Western States Pet ro leum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-5 arid 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Change the te rm "Protected Tank" to "Encased Tank."

SUBSTANTIATION: Change needed to avoid confilsion with other codes. In NFPA 30 "protected tank" means it is equipped widl an ext inguishing system, jus t as a "protected building" means it has an automatic sprinkler system installed in it. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of Commit tee Action on C o m m e n t 30A-4 (Log #23). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The action on C o m m e n t 30A-4 (Log #23) meets the in tent of the submit ter to eliminate the term "protected tank."

(Log #42) 30A- 6- (1-2 Protected Tank): Reject SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry , P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc. / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-5 RECOMMENI}ATION: Revise the definition of Protected Tank to read as follows:

Protected Aboveground Storage Tank. A construction ,Lssembly consisting of an aboveground storage tank with protective construc- tion which provides the tank wifl /secondary containment , protec- tion f rom physical damage, and fire resistive protection from a high intensity f lammabl e liquid pool fire exposure. SUBSTANTIATION: A protected aboveground storage tank must not only have a degree of fire resistive protection but should also have integral secondary con ta inment to prevent leaks from being directly exposed to the a tmosphere or the enviromnent , and physical protect ion against proiectiles such ~ bullets and vehicle impact. Tbis will achieve the liigh level of overall safety needed to allow aboveground tank storage at service stations. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The definition suggested here addresses issues that are well beyond those in tended to be covered by tiffs definition.

(Log #4) 30A- 7 - (1-2 Vault): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-6 RECOMMENDATION: Delete definition of Wault." SUBSTANTIATION: Proposed definition is far too broad and misleading. It could be in terpre ted to include a fenced area, or any wailed or diked location containing a tank. A definition is no t needed here because the term is used in only one section of the Code and it is adequately def ined daere. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #40) 30A-8- (2~1.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Robert N. Renkes, Pet ro leum Equipment Institute COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add a second sentence to proposed 2-4.1:

"[See Petroleum Equ ipment Institute (PEI) RP200-92, Recom- m e n d e d Practices for InstaUation of Aboveground Storage Systems for Motor Vehicle Fueling, for fur ther information.]" SUBSTANTIATION: Very little is said in Section 2-4 about proper" installation procedures for aboveground storage tanks at seiwice stations. The purpose of RP200-92 is to provide the regulated communi ty with a concise reference to preferred practices and procedures for the installation of aboveground storage systems at service stations, marinas, and other fueling sites. The RP200 was draf ted and publ ished by the Petroleum Equ ipment Institute to nfinimize tlae possibility of aboveground storage system failures and reduce fire-safety and environmenta l hazards. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Add to 2-4.1 of TCR Proposal 30A-17: "(PEI RP200-92, R e c o m m e n d e d Practices for Installation of

Aboveground Storage Systems for Motor Vehicle Fueling, provides informat ion on this subject.)" COMMIT'FEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees with this suggestion, but has reworded it to be consistent with other similar statemenLs in NFPA 30A.

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(Log #5) 30A-9 - (2-4.2.2 Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Delete Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2. SUBSTANTIATION: These two exceptions introduce vault construction practices that are potentially very dangerous to adjacent property as well as the public and employees of service stations. These are new provisions inserted since adoption of TIA 90-1. No gasoline or gasoline-containing fuel should be stored in a tank inside a vault that has a strong top, because of the risk of a violent explosion if released vapor or liquid should be ignited (always a possibility), lgnition of a vapor-air mixture inside a strong- top vault could produce a pressure up to over 100 psi, enough to throw chunks of concrete a considerable distance, and possibly crush a partially empty vented tank. The probability of liquid gasoline or vapor getting into the vault is great, especially due to potential overfills caused by such factors as pumping fuel into the tank, malfunction or ignoring of bigll level alarms, emergency venting into the vault space, axld that, in many situations, overflowing liquids will be discharged out the emergency vent into the vault, undetected from the outside, before they would reach the normal vent outlet outside the vault. Also, long-bolted manhole covers, as permitted in NFPA 30, paragraph 2-3.5.4, wbicb applies to these 30A tanks, are likely to leak vapors at pressures much lower than 2.5 psi. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

1. Delete Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 and replace with the following:

Exception No. 1: All distances shall be permit ted to be reduced by 50 percent if fl~e tanks are installed in vaults that meet the require- ments of 2-4.4.

2. Renumber Exception No. 3 as Exception No. 2. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The action suggested by the Committee is a compromise position that addresses the issues raised by file Submitter, while maintaining the flexibility in tended by the Committee. See also Comment 30A-12 (Log #27).

(Log #24) 30A- 10- (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 1): Accept in Principle SUBM][TTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"No minimum distances shall be required for a tank installed in a vault having a top constructed of reinforced concrete not less than 6 in. thick and the top is at or below grade." SUBSTANTIATION: For clarification. COMMrI1 'EE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of action on Comment 30A-9 (Log #5). COMMrITEE STATEMENT: The action taken on Comment 30A-9 (Log #5) provides the desired clarification.

(Log #25) 30A- 11 - (24.2.2 Exception No. 2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group # 1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"For a tank installed in a vault which has a top at or below grade and the top is constructed of reinforced concrete less than 6 in. thick, all min imum distances can be reduced by 50 percent." SUBSTANTIATION: For clarification. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of action on Comment 30A-9 (Log #5). COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The action taken on Comment 30A-9 (Log #5) provides the needed clarification.

(Log #27) 30A- 12 - (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1., COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise 2-4.2.2 Exception No. 3 as follows:

"For a tank in an above grade vault or for a fire resistive tank located at commercial, industrial, governmental, or manufacturing establishments, and in tended for fueling vehicles used in coqtl¢¢t, igll with their business, the distances snecified by (aL (c) and (d) can be reduced by 50 nercetl& In addition, no minimum distance shall be required by (b)."

SUBSTANTIATION: Installations with these reduced distances should be limited to locations not normally accessible to the general

ublic. OMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. In 2-4.2.2 of TCR Proposal 30A-17, replace the three exceptions

with the following: Exception No. 1: All distances shall be permit ted to be reduced by

50 percent if the tanks are fire resistant tanks, as defined in Section 1-2, or are installed in vaults that comply with 2-4.4.

Exception No. 2: At commercial, industrial, governmental, or manufacturing establishments, where the tanks are intended for fueling vehicles used in connect ion with their business, no minimum distance shall be required by 2-4.2.2(b) if the tanks are fire resistant tanks, as def ined in Section 1-2, or are installed in vaults that comply with 2-4.4.

(NOTE: This supersedes the action on Comment 30A-9 (Log #5).) COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This revision of the Exceptions to Subsection 2-4.2.2 accomplishes the objectives addressed here and in Comment 30A-9 (Log #5) and does so in a more consistent way.

(Log #6) 30A- 13- (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 3): Reject SUBMITTER: Dona ldM.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-I 7 RECOMMENDATION: Delete from Exception No. 3 "or for a protected tank," SUKSTANTIATION: The description ofsucb tanks in proposed 2-4.5.1 does not justify treating them any differently than other aboveground tanks, not in a vault, as far as separation from property lines and other nearby facilities that could be impacted by a spill f rom a tank during filling or otherwise, is concerned. COMMIq[YrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITI'EE STATEMENT: For purposes of establishing separation distances, the Committee feels that fire resistant tanks can be treated as equivalent to tanks in vaults. See also Comment 30A-12 (Log #27).

(Log #57) 30A- 14 - (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 2): Reject SUBMITTERx J o h n P. Hartmann, Barrington, IL COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Separation of dispensers and vaulted aboveground tanks at retail fueling facilities should be at least 50 ft. SUBSTANTIATION: The Task Group established tile separation to protect . . . . . the public from fires in the tank area and to protect these tanks m case of an mctdent at the dispenser tslands. A fire at the tanks will probably be allowed to "bum out" since local fire departments will lack the capacity to fight aboveground tank fires, whether or not tbe tanks are vaulted. Reliance on vaults is based on unsuppor ted claims of tank manufacturers and vendors without tbe benefit of either experience or scientifically based testing.

The changes proposed would reduce this to no separation." COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This issue has been addressed by the action taken on C ommen t 30A-12 (Log #27).

(Log #38) 30A-15 - (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 4 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald W. Belles, Belles and Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Exception No. 4 to Paragraph 2-4.2.2:

Exception No. 4: No minimum separation distance sllall be required for a protected tank located at grade when the tank is enclosed within a minimum of 6 in. o f reinforced concrete and the

g rotected tank complies with Section 2-4.5. UBSTANTIATION: No minimum separation distance is specified

for a tank in a vault consisting of 6 in. of reinforced concrete when tile vault is at grade. Protected tank systems have been developed which use 6 in. o f reinforced concrete as a protective enclosure. A 6 in. concrete protected tank enclosure which complies with Section 2-4.5 will provide a level of protect ion equal to, or possibly superior to, that of a vault constructed of reinforced concrete not less than 6 in.

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COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee feels that some minimum separation distance is necessary to protect thepubl ic and adjacent property. Incorporation of dais exception wouldno t even provide the minimum separation required by NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.

(Log #52) 30A- 16 - (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 3 and Exception No. 4 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consortium, Inc. / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise Exception No. 3 by deleting "or for a protected tank."

2. Add a new Exception No. 4 to read as follows: Exception No. 4: For a protected tank the separation distances in

(a), (c) and (d) can be reduced to 5 ft. In addition, no minimum distance shall be required by (b). SUBSTANTIATION: Protected tanks are intended to provide adequate fire resistive protection of the tank and tile liquid stored in it so that it is not an exposure hazard. Thus, the required separation distances should be allowed to be deleted except to provide a minimum separation for ready access for inspection, maintenance, and fire f ighting activities. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.

Both items 1 and 2. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: Item 1 is rejected for the same reason as Comment 30A-13 (Log #6) and Item 2 is rejected for same reason as Comment 30A-15 (Log #38).

(Log #53) 30A- 17- (2-4.2.2 Exception No. 4 (New)): Reject SUBM1TTER: Leroy Davis, United Parcel Service COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

Exception No. 4: No minimum distances shall be required for a tank that is located at commercial, industrial, governmental, or manufacturing establishments, and intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business, provided:

1. An inspection of the premises axed operations has been made and approval grained by the authority having jurisdiction.

2. The tank is safeguarded against collision, spillage, and overfill to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction.

3. The tank system is listed or approved for aboveground use. 4. The tank complies with requirements for emergency relief

venting, the tank and dispensing system meet the electrical classification requirements of the Code, and the tank complies with the provisions of 2-1.7.

5. The tank storage shall comply with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, Chapter 2. SUBSTANTIATION: The reason for dais comment is to obtain the aboveground storage tank capacities for Class I and Class II liquids as r ecommended in TCR Proposal No. 30A-17, paragraph 2-4.2.i without the minimum distances required in paragraphs.2-4.2.2(a), (b), (c) and (d) of the same TCR Proposal. These minimum distances are too restrictive in locating aboveground storage tanks at a site. Businesses fueling their own vehicles at controlled sites should be able to take advantage of the lesser environmental liabilities offered by aboveground storage umks.

Tile requirement that tanks be located at least 50 ft from any fuel dispensers is of particular concern. The most desirable installation for minimizing the chances of a product release to the environment is one that encloses the tank and all piping in a dike, including the piping from the tank to the fuel dispenser. The 50 ft requi rement is not conducive to this type of installation. The 50 ft requirement will force undesirable, underg round piping installations. It is well established that most releases of product from fueling facilities to the environment result from underground piping failures. Wording for the proposed Exception No. 4 is borrowed from NFPA

30A 9-3.5. TCR Proposal No. 30A-41 recommends that paragraph 9-3.5 be deleted entirely and concludes that the needs of the community addressed by 9-3.5 are now adequately met by new Section 2-4. Exception is taken to this conclusion. The fueling of vehicles used in connection with a business at a site controlled by that business is less problematic than at other establishments. These business should be allowed to store 12,000 gallons of Class 1 or Class II liquids in aboveground tanks to take advantage of the economics

of tanker load product deliveries and to reduce fine number of deliveries. Secondly, these businesses should not be discouraged from installing aboveground tanks by restrictive tank location distances or by costly tank vault installations required to avoid or reduce the restrictive distances. In TIA 90-1, these businesses were allowed an exception to tank location minimum distances for tanks not exceeding 6,000 gallons. The threat posed by a 12,000 gallon tank is not sigafificandy greater than that posed by a 6,000 gallon tank.

It is respectfully requested that the principle of the proposed wording be taken into consideration, and that the proposed not be rejected due to technicalities in properly fitting the principle into the text of NFPA 30A. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This Comment is rejected for tile same reason as for Comment 30A-15 (Log #38).

( Log #51 ) 30A- 18 - (2-4.2.3 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consortium, Inc./ ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Section 2-4.2.3 to read as follows:

"Each tank shall be protected with an automatic deluge foam-water sprinkler system or foam-water spray system designed in accordance with NFPA 16 or an automatic water spray fixed system designed in accordance with NFPA 15." SUBSTANTIATION: It is believed that aboveground storage tanks at automotive service stations, as a minimum, require not only adequate separation distances but also active fire protection systems unless they are installed in vaults, special enclosures, or are listed as protected aboveground storage tanks. Bringing tanks out of the ground at service stations should not be taken lighfly. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the NFPA 30A Committee to incorporate standards that provide a reasonable level of fire and life safety comparable to that which has been achieved with underground storage tanks at automotive service stations. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has discussed this subject in the past, including during the development of Tentative Interim Amendmen t 90-1 to NFPA 30A, which is the genesis of TCR Proposal 30-17. The Committee decided n o t t o require such protection because such systems were not likely to be adequately maintained and adequate water supplies would not be present at facilities likely to utilize such tank systems. The Committee's opinion has not changed.

(Log #7) 30A- 19 - (2-4.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M. Johnson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Delete "and aboveground piping." SUBSTANTIATION: This requirement for control is unnecessarily restrictive as it applies to all aboveground piping. It is obscure why it is needed, or how it could be complied with in a situation where, for example, pipe comes out of, or goes into, the top of a tank in an aboveground vault, and passes outside the vault to ground and the underground. Requiredprovisions prevent gravity flow through piping. Also, leakage can occur from underground piping as well as from aboveground piping. Requiring diking outside the vault, or tank impounding basin, equal to the capacity of t he largest tank is unwarranted under all normal situations. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #36) 30A-20- (2-4.3 Exception (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald W. Belles, Belles and Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add an exception to Section 24.3:

Exception: Protected tanks using a liquid tight protective enclosure capable of containing 100 percent of the enclosed tank volume need not be provided with diking or remote impounding.

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SUBSTANTIATION: Spill control is no t necessary if a liquid t ight enclosure (like reinf:~rced concrete) is used to provide protect ion for a steel tank and where the protective enclosure is able to contain 100 percent or more of the steel tank volume. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 2-4.3 of TCR Proposal 30A-17 to read: 2-4.3 Control of S[cillage. Spill control shall be provided in

accordance with Subsection 2-3.3 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.

Exception: T,'mks installed in vaults that comply witb Subsection 2-4.4 of this Code n t e d no t meet dais requirement .

(NOTE: This revision also incorporates action on C o m m e n t 30A-19 (Log #7).) COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The originally-proposed language as set forfla in Tentativ,: Interim A m e n d m e n t 90-1 to NFPA 30A provides the necessz.ry flexibility. Also, a m e n d m e n t s to NFPA 30, Subsection 2-3.3 provide additional flexibility and address this issue.

(Log #26) 30A- 21 - (2-4.3): Rt~ject SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: A m e n d Section 2-4.3 to read:

"Each aboveground tank shall be provided with ,an approved means to contain d~e accidental release of liquid equal to tbe volume of the tank. When dikes are used, each tank shall be provided with its own dike. Adjacent tanks may share a c o m m o n dike wall between them. Remote i m p o u n d m e n t shall not be permitted. Piping shall be provided witb an a[ proved means to prevent or contain dae accidental release of liquid." SUBSTANTIATION: Requir ing separate dikes for eacb tank reduces the potential of more darn one tank becoming involved in a fire. The separatiot~ distances in NFPA 30 for i m p o u n d m e n t areas is not felt to be adequate. All piping should require some type of con ta inmen t b3sed on past history of piping systems developing leaks. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The language proposed by the submit ter does not provide any tangible improvement over die language originally proposed in TCR Proposal 30A-17 or over flae re,fision being presented in C o m m e n t 30A-20 (Log #36).

(Log #50) 30A- 22 - (2-4.3): l%ject SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc . / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise to read as follows:

2-4.3 Control of Spillage. Each aboveground tank sball be provided with an ai3proved means to contain the accidental release of liquid equal to the volume of the tank. When dikes are used, each tank shall be provided with its own dike and adjacent tanks may share a c o m m o n d ke wall between them.

When d~e method of con ta inmen t is no t enclosed to prevent any liquid released from the tank from being directly exposed to the a tmosphere or the environment , the separation distances required in ,Section 2-4.2.2 shall no t be pe rmi t t ed to be reduced. Remote i m p o u n d m e n t shall no t be permitted.

Piping shall b e p t ov~ded with an approved means to prevent or contain the acc ideatal release of liquid. SUBSTANTIATION: Leaks or spills allowed to s tand in an open dike or impoundi/Lg area represent a fire exposure hazard daat is unacceptable at reduced separat ion distances. The intent of allowing tanks in vaults and protected tanks to be used aboveground at reduced distances is based on die fire resistive protect ion afforded the tank by the vault or die protected tank assembly. If the tank leaks so that the liquid is directly exposed to dae a tmosphere or the envi ronment , thea~ t laeprotect ion is defeated. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The concerns expressed here are adequately addressed by the action on C o m m e n t 30A-20 (Log #36).

(Log #11) 30A- 23 - (2-4.3): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald M.Jo lmson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-21 RECOMMENDATION: This proposal should have been rejected by the Commit tee instead of telling the submit ter dlat it was accepted in principle. SUBSTANTIATION: It has long been the Commit tee ' s position that double-wall tanks do not provide required spill conta inment . COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tbe Commit tee feels that a cross- reference to the spill control provisions of NFPA 30 are warranted to address the real concerns of spills f rom these tanks. See also Commit tee Sta tement to C o m m e n t 30A-20 (Log #36).

(Log #8) 30A- 24 - (2-4.4(a)): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: In 4tb sentence, after "noncombust ib le material" add "constructed to be weaker dlan the walls, to assure that, in event of an explosion inside the vault, the thrust of the explosion will be directed upward before a significantly high pressure can develop inside the vault."

Also delete "top," in the following sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: This addit ion is necessary to reduce the risk of s t rong tops for vaults, that could result in unnecessari ly s t rong and damaging explosions. See also, substantiat ion for delet ion of Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 of 2-4.2.2. ( C o m m e n t 30A-9 (Log #5).) COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part~

Accept only tbe suggested change to the four th sentence of 2-4.4(a) of Proposal 30A-17. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees with the suggested change to the fourd~ sentence. The Commit tee does not agree with deletion of the word "top" in the fifth sentence, because they feel that the top of the vault mus t also be des igned to withstand any anticipated loading.

(Log #19) 30A- 25 - (2-4.4(a)): Reject SUBMITTER: J o h n P Morgan, Geovault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise paragraph to read:

2-4.4(a) The walls and floor of tbe vault shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick, or of equivalent engineered material. SUBSTANTIATION: The wording ".. .reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick" is too restrictive. It prohibits new tectmological materials in die marketplace.

NOTE: Support ing material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters . COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Section 1-4, Equivalency, provides die avenue for accepting systems of equal or super ior capabilities.

(Log #37) 30A- 26 - (2-4.4(a)): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald W. Belles, Belles and Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise 24.4(a) as follows:

"(a). The vault shall completely enclose each tank. There shall be no openings.. .dlick. The top shall be constructed of six inches of reinforced concrete or noncombust ib le material equivalemprotec~ion." SUBSTANTIATION: Section 2-4.4 sets no per formance criteria for tops of vaults. Exception No. 2 of 2-4,2.2. nLakes reference to vaults having six inch reinforced concrete top. This c o m m e n t adds per formance language consistent with other criteria of new Section 2-4. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.

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COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tilt' requi rements specified in 2-4.4(a) are deemed m i n i m u m acceptable criteria for vault construction. Otlaer equivalent construct ions can be accepted by means of the Equivalency s ta tement in Section 1-4 of NFPA 30A.

(Log #22) 30A- 27- (2-4.4(a)): Reject SUBMITTER: John P Morgan, (;eovault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise paragraph to read:

2-,t.4(a) Tire walls and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick, or of a listed and approved tank enclosure assembly. SUBSTANTIATION: Tim wording "...reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick," is anti-competitive. It limits construction materials to only reinforced concrete at lea.st 6 in thick. Therefore, new lechnological me thods and materials are prohibited. This is a ~qolation of the She rman Antitrust laws as interpreted by the Supreme Court in allied Tube & Condui t Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc., .t8{] 1LS. 492 (1988). COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Statement m C o m m e n t 30A-25 (Log #19) and C o m m e n t 30A-26 (Log #37).

(Log #56) 30A- 28 - (2-4(e)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: John P. Hartn~ann, Barrington, IL COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"Belc~w g round ~,qults shall be equipped with a properly sized emergency vent. Emergency tank vents and emergency vault vents shall rele,~se vapors and explosive gasses outside of the ~tult and at least 12 ft above the general g round level." SUBSTANTIATION: Vaults are employed by tank owners to circumvent ! ~ST regulations widlout having to meet restrictive setback distances.

The aunosphe re inside tile vauh :+.re likely t¢~ be hazardous. ( ;onfined space entry procedures will he required for servicing and inspecting the tanks and contained equipment` ~Ma explosion in a ~,qulted space and outside of the tanks is a serious concern.

1 do not believe a 6 in. reinforced concrete top will confine an explosion. Exploding concrete at grade level will pose a threat to the public since dispensers may be adjacent to tim tank vaults.

A partially confined explosion of gasses in the vault could cause the c,mtents of the contained tank to ignite. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

1. Revise 2-4.4(e) of Proposal 30A-17 to read: (e) Connect ions shall be provided to permit vent ing of each vault

n~ dilute, disperse, and remove any vapors prior to enter ing the "vZtU I t`

2. Add new (t) t,+ read: (1) Vaults that contain tanks of Class I liquids shall be provided

with cont inuous ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic ft per minute per sq it of floor area (0.3 m 3 per min per m2), but not less than 1 B0 cfm (4 m 3 per min). Failure of the exhaust air flow shall mltomatically shnt dov+a~ ~l~e d ispensing system. The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movemen t across all parts of the x,+auh floor+ Supply and exhaust ducts shall ex tend to within 3 in. (7.6 cm), but not more than 12 in. (30.5 cm), of the floor. The exllaust s'r+tem shall be installed it+. accordance with the provisions of NFPA 91," Stamtard for the Installation of Blower :+.rid Exharist Systems ,+or Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying. Means shall be pro+tided to automatically detect any f lammable vapors and to automatically shut down die dispensing svstem upon detect ion of such f lammable vapors in the exhaust duct at a concentrat ion of 25 percent of the lower f lammable limit`

3. Renumber all subsequen t paragraphs accordingly. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee feels tllat tiffs expansion of the requi rements for ventilation of ~aults provides the desired degree of safety for hand l ing vapor release in vaults.

(Log ~)) 30A- 29 - (2-4.4(g)): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add "Electric powered" before "portable

~ umps" in third sentence. UBSTANTIATION: To clarify intent, since air powered p u m p s are

likely to be used because most service stations have air compressors. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. COMMITrEE STATEMENT. (NOTE: This paragraph will be r enumbered 2-4.4(h), per C o m m e n t 30A-28 (Log#56) . )

(Log #16) 30A- 30 - (2-4.4(i)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Edward Hildebrandt, Village of Morton Grove COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION" Change item (i) to read:

"Emergency vents shall be vapor t ight and shall discharge outside the vaul t" SUBSTANTIATION" TCR Proposal 30A-6 defines a vault ,as "an enclosure located eitlaer above or below grade that contains an aboveground storage tank." l don ' t feel it is appropriate to require normal tank venting in i tem (h) to terminate outside the vault and allow emergency venting, at m u c h larger vent ing rates to vent inside the vault. Since the emergency vent would activate as a result of flame imp ingemen t or fire exposure, discharging the emergency vent inside the vault would create additional localized heat ing of the tank shell. NFPA 30 Section 2-5.2 requires all vents to terminate outside buildings. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Add the following sentence to paragraph 2-4.4(i): "Long-bolt manho l e covers shall riot be permit ted for this

pCurpose, OMMITI'EE STATEMENT: While the Commit tee does not feel

that emergency vents mus t terminate outside the vault (because they would onlyf imct ion due to a fire in file vault), they do feel that vapors mus t be minimized to the extent possible. For tiffs reason, they have added the prohibit ion against long-bolt manho le covers, which are not vapor-tight.

(NOTE: This paragraph will be r enumbered 2-4.40), per C o m m e n t 30A-28 (Log #52).)

(Log #28) 30A- 31 - (2-4.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Change "Protected Tank" to "Fire Resistive Tank" in section title and in 2-4.5.1. SUBSTANTIATION: See C o m m e n t on TCR 30A-5, Section 1-2. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of action taken on C o m m e n t 30A-4 (Log #23). COMMITrEE STATEMENT: See C o m m e n t 30A-4 (Log #23).

(Log #49) 30A- 32 - (24.5.1 Ca)): Reject SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc . / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add the following m the end of this subsection:

"Protected tanks shall be listed in accordance with nationally recognized standards.

Exception: Listed aboveground tanks may be used when installed in special enclosures constructed in accordance with Section 2-2 and shall be considered to be a protected tank." SUBSTANTIATION: Protected tanks need to be listed so that tile AHJ does not have to de te rmine how to approve diem. It is vel N impor tan t that such tanks be evaluated by an i ndependen t agency us ing nationally recognized s tandards to assure that they will provide the required level of safety. Tanks in special enclosures also achievt. the necessary safety in tended for protected tanks and have long been recognized in the code.

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COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. Change reference from "UL1709" to "UL2085."

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The first sentence of this suggested wordinghas already been addressed by the actions on Comments 30A-3 (Log #20) and 30A-4 (Log #23). The exception is rejected because the special enclosures in Section 2-2 of NFPA $0A are only used in buildings and only under very specific conditions. In addition, Section 1-4, Equivalency, provides any needed relief.

The reference change is a correction of an error.

(Log #48) 30A- 33 - (2-4.5.1 (b)): Accept SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consortium, Inc./ ConVanlt COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add the following to dais section:

"All openings shall be located in the top of the tank." SUBSTANTIATION: One of the most likely places for leakage or accidental releases of liquid to occur is at an opening located below the top of the tank since it is under a static pressure head due to the height of the stored liquid above it. A simple preventative measure is to prohibit openings below the top of the tank. COMMITIT.E ACTION: Accept.

(Log #29) 30A- 34 - (2-4.5.1 (c) and (d)): Accept in Principle SUBMITrER: 'NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Change "protected tank" to "fire resistive tank." SUBSTANTIATION: See Comment on TGR 30A-5, Section 1-2. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. By means of action on Comment 30A-4 (Log #23).

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Comment 30A-4 (Log #23).

(Log #39) 30A- 35 - (2-4.5,1 (f) (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald W. Belles, Belles and Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new paragraph 2-4.5.1 (f):

(f) Protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with either diking, remote impounding or with secondary containment in accordance with NFPA 30. Secondary containment shall be a component of the approved protected tank system, and shall be capable of containing a minimum of 100 percent of the primary tank volume. Secondary containment systems shall be monitored visually or automatically. Enclosed secondary containment systems shall be provided with emergency venting. SUBSTANTIATION: Regulatory authorities are uncertain as to whether or not.diking or impounding is required for aboveground, protected tank installations. The absence of guidance in NFPA 30A results in varying interpretations. This issue should be clarified. Spill control is not necessary if a liquid tight enclosure (like

reinforced concrete) is used to provide protection for a primary steel tank and where the protective enclosure is able to contain 100 percent of the primary tank volume. The language for this comment is taken largely from a proposed

revision of the Uniform Fire Code. Secondary containment is defined within NFPA 30. The revision specifies that the secondary containment must he tested as a portion of the protected tank assembly. The requirement for monitoring secondary containment systems is contained in both NFPA 30 and the proposed revision to the Uniform Fire Code. Emergency venting of enclosed contain- ment spaces seems prudent and is incorporated in the revision to the Uniform Fire Code. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of action on Comment 30A-20 (Log #36). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Comment 30A-20 (Log #36).

(Log #41) 30A- 36 - (2-4.5.1 (f) (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Michael C. Perkins, SCV Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add new (t):

(f) Protected tanks having a liquid tight protective enclosure capable of containing 100 percent of the enclosed tank volume shall not require diking or remote impounding. SUIkSTANT1ATION: This language will distinguish the difference between protected and unprotected aboveground tanks in terms of Control of Spillage under 2-4.3 in 30A-17. COMMFVI'EE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

By means of action on Conunent 30A-20 (Log #36). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Comment 30A-20 (Log #36).

(Log #30) 30A- 37 - (2-4.5.1 (f) (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1, COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

(f) Section 2-3.5.7 of NFPA 30 shall not be used to reduce the size of d~e emergency vent. SUBSTANTIATION: This subsection is added to provide for an additional safety factor. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #31) 30A- 38 - (2-4.5.2): Reject SUBMrI'rER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"A tank installed in a vault may be considered to be a fire resistive tank without complying with Section 2-4.5." SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The proposed language does not improve the intent.

(Log #10) 30A- 39 - (2-4.5.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-I 7 RECOMMENDATION: Delete all of 24.5.2. SUBSTANTIATION: It does not have any useful purpose. The two types of installations are not equivalent. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #47) 30A- 40 - (2-4.6.1): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consortium, Inc./ ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the second sentence and substitute the following:

"Provisions shall be made to sound an audible alarm when the liquid level in the tank reaches 90 percent capacity and to either automatically stop the flow of fuel into the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 95 percent capacity or restrict the flow of fuel into the tank to a maximum rate of 2.5 gpm when the liquid level of the tank reaches 90 percent capacity." SUBSTANTIATION: An audible alarm by itself is not adequate to effectively prevent overfilling since it must rely on the operator of the tank vehicle to take action. An alternate method to that of an automatic shut off may actually

be preferable . . . . . when it simlply reduces the flow of fuel to avery low rate. This roll ehmmate the veloaty "hammer" caused by abruptly shutting off a valve and will provide sufficient notice to the operator to take action to shut offthe flow. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept in Part. Replace the second sentence of 2-4.6.1 of Proposal 30A-17 with the

following: "Means shall be provided to sound an audible alarm when the

liquid level in the tank reaches 90 percent of capacity. Means sllall

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also be provided ei ther to automatically stop the flow of fuel into the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 98 percent of capacity or to restrict the flow of fuel into the tank to a m a x i m u m flow rate of 2.5 g p m when the liquid in the tank reaches 95 percen t capacity." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: While the Commit tee agrees with the general in tent of this suggested wording, the limits p roposed by the Submitter are too restrictive for general use.

Additionally, protected tanks should be given the same exception f rom fencing as tanks that are enclosed in vaults. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Same reason as C o m m e n t 30A-42 (Log #46). Also, the Commit tee points out that the 10 ft separation is to provide adequate access to the tank for fire f ighting operations.

(Log #32) 30A- 41 - (2-4.6.1): Reject SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

2-4.6.1 Means shall be provided for de te rmin ing the liquid level in each tank and this means shall be accessible to the delivery operator. Provisions shall be made either to sound an audible alarm when the liquid level in the tank reaches 90 percen t of capacity, or automati- cally stop the delivery of fuel to the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 95 percent capacity, or restrict file flow of fuel to a m a x i m u m rate of 2.5 ~ m when the auanti tv of l iauid in the tank reaches 90 nercent of~tank canacitv. These i)rovisfons shall no t restrict or iiaterfere with the proper operat ion of ei ther the normal vent or the emergency vent. SUBSTANTIATION: Rearranged for clarity, an alternative m e t h o d added. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See C o m m e n t 30A-40 (Log #47).

(Log #55) 30A- 44 - (2-4.9.2): Reject SUBMITTER: Leroy Davis, Uni ted Parcel Service COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Delete paragraph 2-4.9.2 entirely. SUBSTANTIATION: The most desirable installation for minimizing the chances of a product release to the env i ronment is one that encloses the tank and all p iping in a dike, including the piping from the tank to the delivery vehicle. The 25 ft separation requi rement is no t conducive to this type of installation. The 25 ft r equ i rement will force undesirable, u n d e r g r o u n d piping installations. It is well established tha t mos t releases of product f rom fueling facilities to the env i ronment result f rom u n d e r g r o u n d piping failures. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The r equ i remen t at issue here does not require u n d e r g r o u n d piping. The 25 ft separation distance is a mandatory r equ i r emen t of Chapter 5 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, for all un loading operations.

(Log #46) 30A- 42- (2-4.7.1): Reject SUBMITTERa Rick Thornberry , P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc . / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise first sentence to read as follows:

"Tanks that are not enclosed in vaults or that are not protected tanks with fully enclosed secondary con ta inment shall be sur- rounded with a chain link fence at least 6 ft high." SUBSTANTIATION: Protected tanks with enclosed secondary con ta inment are secure against r andom vandalism and are ad- equately protected so as no t to pose a hazard to passers-by. There- fore, they don ' t need to be su r rounded with a security fence. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMII'rEE STATEMENT: The in tent of the r equ i r emen t for the fence is to protect the tank and its appur tenances f rom unau tho- rized access.

(Log #54) 30A- 43 - (2-4.7.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Leroy Davis, Uni ted Parcel Se~ice COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Delete text with ~t, ikctl,i ,~ug, ~, characters and add under l ined text in the following:

"Tanks that are no t enclosed in vaults or protected shall be enclosed with a chain link fence at least 6 ft (2 m) high. The fence shall bc ~¢paratcd ,5 ,,.~ d,~ ~.,k~ by at Icaot 1~ ,q. (3 ,-,,) a~d ~l,aIl have a gate that is properly secured against unau thor ized entry. Aboveground tanks shall be protected against vehicular collision by suitable barriers. SUBSTANTIATION: The 10 ft separation requ i rement for the fence and tank is too restrictive. There are several considerat ions in providing space for aboveground storage tanks at a site inc luding space for tank(s), space for fence, space for dispenser(s) and space for fueling vehicles. It is desirable to locate the tank(s), dispenser(s) and fueling area close together to be able to contain a product release a n d minimize the chances of a release to the environment . It is also desirable to minimize the space taken for fuel ing vehicles. The 10 ft separat ion requ i rement encumbers the locating of tanks at a site.

Unnecessary requirements that discourage businesses f rom taking advantage o the lesser environmenta l liabilities offered by aboveground storage tanks shou ld no t be imposed. Enclosing tanks with a chain link fence and protect ing t hem against vehicular collision by suitable barriers should provide adequate physical protection.

(Log #33) 30A- 45 - (2-4.9.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

2-4.9.2 The delivery vehicle shall be separated f rom any aboveground tank by at least 25 ft (7.6 m).

Exception: N9 m i n i m u m separat ion distance required for vault installations or fire resistive tanks. SUBSTANTIATION: Based on reduction of a fire exposure hazard due to the fire resistive protection provided for fl~e tanks. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Add an exception to 2-4.9.2 of Proposal 30A-17 to read: "No m i n i m u m separation distance shall be required for tanks that

are filled by gravity." COMMITI'EE STATEMENT: Providing this exception recognizes the i nhe ren t safety of gravity unloading:

- Delivery truck engine is not required to be runn ing to drive a delivery pump.

- Overfills are inherent ly limited by the level of fuel in the delivery trnck.

(Log #12) 30A- 46 - (24.9.4 Exception (2-4.8.4 in TIA 90-1)): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-24 RECOMMENDATION: Substitute "The requ i rement for a check valve" for "This requi rement" at the beg inn ing of fl~e new exception. SUBSTANTIATION: The other required shut-off fittings are needed to prevent spillage at the hose connect ion point. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #34) 30A- 47 - (2-4.9.4): Reject SUBMITTER: NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

2-4.9.4 Unless the fill connect ion is located at the ton of the tank, a check valve and a shutoffvalve with a quick-connect coupling, or a check valve with a dry-break valve, shall be installed in the piping at a point where connect ion and disconnect ion is made for delivery from the vehicle to any aboveground tank. These devices shall be protected f rom tamper ing and physical damage.

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SUBSTANTIATION: Small capacity installations fill directly at dm tank rather than th rough a piping system. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The change to tire Exception to 2-4.9,4, as publ ished in TCR Proposal 30A-26 and as a m e n d e d by C o m m e n t 30A-46 (Log #12), adequately addresses the Submit ter ' s concerns.

SUBSTANTIATION: The most c o m m o n cause of spilled liquid is the disconnect ion of the fill hose at dm tank fill connection. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tire fire and safety hazards that would be presented by this r equ i r emen t outweigh any perceived benefits.

(Log #45) 30A-48- (2-4.9.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry , P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc. / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"If the tank is filled directly front the top with the fuel delivery. [lose,..." SUBSTANTIATION: Tim delivery hose could be set into the 4 in. or 6 in. fill open ing without actually being "connected" directly to the tank. The in tent is to require that the delivery hose be directly connected to the tank to prevent spills and overfilling. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

1. Delete 24.9.5 o[Proposa l 30A-17. 2. Revise 2-4.9.4 of Proposal 30A-I 7 to read: "All tanks shall be filled th rougb a liquid-tight connection. Where

die tank is filled by memas of fixed piping, a check valve and shut-off valve with a quick-connect coupling or a check valve with a dry-break coupling shall be installed in tile piping at die point where connect ion and disconnect ion is made between tile tank and tile deliveryvebicle. TI is device shall be protected from tamper ing mad Pchysical damage."

OMMITrEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee ' s revised wording accomplishes the objectives of die submit ter ' s c o m m e n t and also editorially clarifies the intent of the Commit tee and allow flexibility in meet ing the req/drement .

(Log #44) 30A-49- (2-4.9.5 Exception): Accept SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc. / ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-I 7 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the Exception. SUBSTANTIATION: This section is in tended to prevent spills dur ing fuel delivery operat ions at the tank. The size of the tank is no t a factor since a disastrous spill or overfill can occur wRh virtually any size tank. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

By means of acdon on C o m m e n t 30A-48 (Log #45).

(Log #21 ) 30A- 50 - (2-4.9.5 Exception): Accept SUBMITTER: Wa'me Geyer, Steel Tank Institute COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Incorporate language from 9-3.5 into the Exception (followi~-lg 2-4.9.5). SUBSTANTIATION: In lieu of el iminat ing Section 9-3.5; the language can be incorporated into the exception to enable dispensing of (;lass I :rod Class II liquids from an AST not to exceed 6,000 gallons, locmed at conrmercial, industrial, govermnental , or manufac tur ing establishments, and in tended for fueling vehicles used in connectiorl with their business. (See my C o m m e n t on Proposal 30A-40 (Section 9-3.5) for additional substantiation.) COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept.

By means of acti on on C o m m e n t 30A-55 (Log #15).

(Log #35) 30A- 51 - (2-4.9.6 (New)): Reject SUBMITTERi NFPA 30A Task Group #1 , COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDA'IION: Add new text as follows:

2-4.9.6 A spill conta iner shall be provided for each fill opening. Provisions are n e e d e d to contain p roduc t that is r e l e a s e d u p o n

disconnect ion of the filling hose.

(Log #43) 30A- 52 - (2`4.9.6 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Rick Tbornberry, P.E., The Code Consort ium, Inc.,/ ConVault COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-17 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Section 2-4.9.6 to read as follows:

"An approved spill container shall be provided for eacb fill opening in the tank." SUBSTANTIATION: This will require a simple container to catcb spills or minor leaks that may occur at die tank fill open ing dur ing filling operations, h achieves improved fire safety ,as well ,as environmental protection at little added cost. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Sta tement to C o m m e n t 30A-51 (Log #35).

(Log #18) 30A- 53 - (4-2.9): No Action SUBMITTER: Russell Schneider, R. S. Electronic Controls Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: N / A RECOMMENDATION: Add new text:

"When more than one dispenser is used to control any submersible pump(s) , each dispenser shall be on it's own circuit breaker. An automatic means (relays or equivalent device) of isolating each submersible control wire shall be provided to eliminate feedback into any odler dispenser(s) control wiring. Switching one conductor of a submersible p u m p motor circuit sball no t be allowed in any dispenser." SUBSTANTIATION: Dispensers are being wired in a m a n n e r which they cannot be sufficiently t u rned offwid~ a circuit breaker or switch. Submersible motor wiring and feedback in submersible control wiring in dispensers mus t also be tu rned o f f o r isolated for ma in tenance or emergency purposes.

Some manufac ture rs do suggest a circuit breaker for eacb dispenser. But when each dispenser is on it's own circuit break wire. When submersible wiring is all spliced together the circuit breakers are in a paralleled circuit.

NOTE: Suppor t ing material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. COMMITrEE ACTION: No Action. COMMITI'EE STATEMENT: The hazard identified by the submit ter has already been addressed by the revision to 4-2.9(b) in NFPA 30A, per TCR Proposal 30A-30.

(Log #13) 30A- 54 - (6-1.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-33 RECOMMENDATION: Revise to add: ", or equivalent wording" at the end of second sentence. SUBSTANTIATION" The term "block" is ambiguous , and the precise wording stated should not be required. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Retain die language for 6-1.5 that is in the 1990 edition of NFPA 30A. COMMrI*I'EE STATEMENT. The Commit tee agrees that Proposal 30A-33 provides no improvement over the text currently in NFPA 30A.

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(Log #14) 30A- 55- (Chapter 8): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald M.Jolmson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-37 RECOMMENDATION: Replacing "Heating Equipment" with "Heat Producing Equipment" would create many interpretat ion and enfo rcement problems. It is snggested that "Space Heat ing Equipment" may be more descriptive of what is intended. SUBSTANTIATION: Heat producing equ ipmen t includes incandescent lamps, soldering irons, hot-patch machines, grinders, and other c o m m o n and safe devices. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: No improvement over die current text is offered.

(Log #15) 30A- 56 - (9-3.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-41 RECOMMENDATION: Retain present 9-3.5. SUBSTANTIATION: Thisprovis ion has been in NFPA 30A since the first edition (1984), and apparent ly used successfully by many. The s ta tement that the new 2-4 includes such installations does not :~p(~Mear to be accurate. Such s~ t ems are still referred to in 2-1.1 (d),

MITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(B) The tank is safeguarded against collision, spillage, and overfill. (C) The system is approved or listed. (D) The tank incorporates emergency relief venting and the

system meets electrical classification requirements . (E) The tank system incorporates a solenoid valve or other devices,

to prevent liquid flow by gravity, in case of pipe or bose failure. (F) Tank storage complies with NFPA 30, Chapter 2. (Chapter 2

includes provision for venting, separation distances, control of spillage, and protection f rom tamper ing or trespassing.)

This Code language has enabled tanks up to 6,000 gallons to safely dispense fimls at a wide range of locations, including cemeteries, golf country clubs, industrial plants, etc. Tanks meet ing UL 142 are traditionally installed without additional thermal protection or p lacement within a vault.

New Section 2 4 will dictate that such tanks be installed at least 50 fl - 100 ft away f rom buildings, property lines or public way*. The alternative would be to insta l la "protected tank" at a cost up to 5 or 10 times greater, with no history to dictate tbat such an increase in cost is justified.

Aboveground tank releases have been found to be caused primarily by overfill and vandalism. Section 9-3.5 already addresses these concerns.

These tanks pose no greater risk than those at bulk plants and terminals. Certainly dm provisions of NFPA 30 have been found to be sufficient for safe storage of fimls at these facilities. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

By means of action on C o m m e n t 30A-55 (Log #15).

(Log #20) 30A- 57 - (9-3.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Wayne Geyer, Steel Tank Institute COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-41 RECOMMENDATION: The language in 9-3.5 should remain.

"The provisions of 2-1.1 (and 2-4, if accepted) shall no t prohibi t the dispensing of Class I and Class It Liquids in the open from a fuel dispensing system supplied by an aboveground tank, not to exceed 6,000 gallons, located at commercial , industrial, governmental , or mamffactur ing establishments, and in tended for fueling vehicles used in connect ion with their business. Such dispensing may be permit ted provided..." SUBSTANTIATION: The in tended application of this section was for the traditional fleet operation: in o ther words the person or enti W d~at ovals or operates the storage system must own or operate the vehicles being refueled. The commit tee r e c o m m e n d e d removal of this section because of the potential adopt ion of the expanded 1992 TIA, as presented in 30A-I 7. Wherea.s Section 9-3.5 limits tank capacity storage to 6,000 gallons for Class I and II (aggregate 12,000 gallons) fleet-type service stations, new section 2-4 increases allowable capacity to 12,000 gallons (40,000 gallons aggregate) at retail and fleet type service stations.

Section 9-3.5 was incorporated into NFPA 30A in 1984 and has provided a means for non-retail facilities to safely dispense motor fuels. Dispensing is permit ted only when:

(A) The AHJ has inspected the premises and operat ions and granted approval.

(Log#58) 30A- 58 - (9-3.5): Accept SUBMITTER: J o h n P. Harunann , Barrington, IL COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30A-41 RECOMMENDATION: Section 9-3.5 should not be deleted from NFPA 30A. It is a reasonable provision which permits abovegrmmd tanks on a l imited basis at fleet fileling operations. SUBSTANTIATION: The Task Group did not contemplate rep lacement of 9-3.5 by provisions of the inter im a m e n d m e n t . The purpose of the TIA was to permit aboveground tanks at retail facilities to provide relief to pe t ro leum marketers in essentially rural settings. There are significant differences in use which require different precautions, set-back and separations. If the limited tank capacity st ipulated in 9-3.5 is a problem for fleets,

they can either petition die authori ty baying jurisdict ion for larger capacity tanks or comply with the requi rements of the TIA, which will allow t h e m up to 40,000 gallons. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

By means of action on C o m m e n t 30A-55 (Log #15).

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PART II

(Log #20) 30- 1 - (1-1.8.1 (New)): Hold for Furdler Study SUBMITTER: Chris topher T. L ummus , Fire Prevention & Engineer ing Burea~ of Texas C O M M E N T ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-1 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

1-1.8.1 Installatiot,s protected by water-based fire protecfion systems shall conform to the applicable requi rements of NFPA 25, Inspection, Test ing ancl Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. SUBSTANTIATION: Installed protection is not necessarily reliable protect ion if system ~ are not properly inspected, tested and maintained. The new NFPA 25 provides details of proper mainte- nance of such systems. Inspection, testing ,and main tenance per NFPA 25 should be specified at all points in NFPA standards where protection by water-based fire ext inguishing systems is specified. This will also correl ate water-based protection requirements in NFPA 30 wida water-based protection requi rements of other NFPA standards. C O M M I T r E E AC'IION: Hold for Further Study. COMMITTEE STArEMENT: This suggested addit ion constitutes new material that h:Ls not had benefi t of public review. The Commit tee will consider dais text dur ing d)e next revision cycle for NFPA 3O.

(Log #33) 30- 2 - (1-2 Inside Liquid Storage Area): Accept SUBMITTER; Russel[J. Kerlin. Bow Corning Corp. C O M M E N T ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Change "Separate Inside Storage Area" to "Inside Liquid Storage Area" and addde f in i t i on for "liquid warehouse ' unde r dais heading. SUBSTANTIATION: I. The term "Separate Inside Storage Area" is no t used anywhere within revised Chapter 4.

2. The term "liquid storage area" is used d l roughou t the revised chapter to denote a//types of inside liquid storage areas including liquid warehouses. Therefore, tile definit ion for liquid warehouses should be includecL

3. This change is necessary to be consistent witla comments relative to Section 4 4 and t-4.1. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept.

Accept as an editorial clarification. Also, unde r the heading '%Varehouses," retain a cross reference as follows:

"Li2quid Warehouse. See definition unde r "Inside Storage Area." COMMI]~rEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees with this suggested change, but feels that a cross reference should be retained unde r the heading for '~Narehouse" to aid tl~e user.

(Log #5) 30- 3 - (1-2 Flammable Liquid): Accept SUBMITTER: Edward Hildebrandt , Village of Morton Grove COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-2 RECOMMENDA'I'ION: Also revise wording for Flammable Liquid to read:

"Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a closed cup flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure..." SUBSTANTIATION'.: The original proposal clarified dae definition for combustible liquid. The same clarification is needed for dae definit ion of flarmnable liquid. COMMITI'EE AC 1"ION: Accept.

Accept ,as an editorial clarification to correlate with NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids.

(Log #23) 30- 4 - (1-2 Standa.cd Fire Wall): Reject SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Bow Corning Corp. COMMENT O N PROPOSAL NO: 30-3 RECOMMENDATION: Reconsider proposal for addition of a definit ion for "Standard Fire Wall" with die following revised definition:

Standard Fire Wall. A wall which is des igned to prevent the spread of fire beyond its boundary. A stancktrd fire wall has dae following features:

- Sufficient structural s tabil i tyand s t rength to enable dae wall to remain s tanding and intact ,after collapse of the port ion of the building exposed to fire.

- A specific fire resistance rating. - A m i n i m u m n u m b e r of penetra t ions and openings. - Penetrat ions and openings which are properly protected in

accordance with s tandard methods. - A parapet which extends an appropriate distance above the

adjacent roof line(s). SUBSTANTIATION" Table 4-4.2.1 requires that fire walls for liquid warehouses be standard fire walls. This term still needs to be defined. C O M M I T r E E ACTION: Reject. COMMI'['rEE STATEMENT- This suggested change to the originally-proposed definition, that was rejected at the TCR-stage, presents some concepts that actually constitute new material. Also, the NFPA Commit tee on Building Construct ion is in the process of developing a s tandard set of requi rements for fire wall construction. Tiffs Commit tee will revisit this issue when the s tandard set of requirements has been adopted.

(Log #16) 30-5 - (2-2.6 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Rick Thornberry, P.E., The (;ode Consortiunl, Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-7 RECOMMENDATION: Accept this proposal witl/Part 1 deleted. Also, wherever the term "Protected Aboveground Storage Tank" is used, substitute the term "Fire Resistive Protected Aboveground Storage Tank". SUBSTANTIATION: Part 1 is deleted based on the Commit tee Statement. The reference to protected tanks is revised to respond to the concerns expressed in the Commit tee Statement. There is no conflict wid~ tile existing concept of "protected" tank in Section 2-3 since a "fire-resistive protected" tank is passively protected with built in fire resistance whereas "protected" tanks rely on active tire suppression systems or manual fire suppression. There is now a recognized fire test s tandard for such tanks: UL Subject 2085. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

1. Add a new exception to 2-3.3.1 to read: Exception No. 2: Aboveground secondary-contaiument-wpe ranks

need not meet the requirements of this paragraph if all of tiae following condit ions are met:

(a) The capacity of the tank shall not exceed 12,000 gallons. (b) All piping connect ions to the tank shall be made above die

normal m a x i m u m liquid level. (c) Means shall be provided to prevent the release of liquid from

tl~e tank by s iphon flow. (d) Means shall be provided for de te rmin ing the level of liquid in

the tank. This means shall be accessible to the delivelw operator. (e) Means shall be provided to prevent overfilling by sounding an

alarm when tile liquid level in tlae tank reaches 90 percent of calpacity and by automatically s topping delive D' of liquid to the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 95 percent of capacity. In no case shall these provisions restrict or interfere with tit(" proper funct ioning of the normal vent or the emergency vent.

(f) Spacing between adjacent tanks shall be not less than 3 It. (g) The tank shall be capable of resisting the damage from the

impact of a motor vehicle or suitable collision barriers shall be provided.

(h) Where the interstitial space is enclosed, it shall be provided widl emergencyven t ing in accordance with 2-3.6.

2. Also add the following definition to Chapter 1 of NFPA 30: "Secondary Con ta inmen t Tank. A tank having ml inner and an

outer wall widl an interstitial space (annulus) between the walls and having means for moni tor ing the interstitial space for a leak. U n d e r g r o u n d secondary con ta imnen t tanks are of either Type I or Type II Construction."

(Follow with language for Type I and Type It as in 1990 edition of NFPA 30.) COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This re~ision of the original Proposal 30-7 provides tlle flexibility desired by the submit ter and provides the necessary degree of fire safety in tended by the traditional diking provisions ~,f NFPA 30.

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(Log #24) 30- 6 - (2-3.5.7 Exception): Hold for Fur ther Study SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin. Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-10 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the phrase "water miscible" in the first sentence of the except ion . SUBSTANTIATION: The test data presented in the substant iat ion does not suppor t the need for liquids to be water miscible in order to qualify for the specified 50% reduction. While sprinklers installed both above and below the tank (test no. 2) did result in fur ther heat reduction as compared with the API model, the free-burn test without sprinklers (test No. 1) resulted in a 56% reduct ion in heat. Test no. 3 with 286 F sprinklers at 30 ft also resulted in a 56% reduction (presumably as a result of the sprinklers failing to operate), and test no. 4 even resulted in an increase in heat. This data therefore suggests that water-miscibility is notan essential parameter in this respect, In any case, dais exception could be applied to relief valves on storage tanks without sprinkler protection (e.g., on tanks with drainage or insulation only). Consequently, water-miscibility would not be important .

Elimination of the stipulation for liquids to be water miscible would allow the 50% factor to be applied to tanks storing f lammable and combustible liquids which are n o t ~ t e r miscible anti which have heats of combust ion less than ethanol. There are at least several such liquids which are in relatively wide commercial use, e.g. chlorosilanes, some silicone fluids, etc. COMMITTEE ACTION: Hold for Further Study. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: This suggested change constitutes new material that has not had benefit of public review. The Commit tee will study this issue at the nex t revision cycle.

(Log #cO) 30- 10- (2-5.2.3): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Peu 'oleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Delete last sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: There is no definition or description of "enclosed storage tank pits." COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee feels dais sentem:e is necessary to eliminate any confusion between tanks in below-floor areas and basements.

(Log #25) 30- 11 - (2-5.2.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: RusseIIj. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: This section should not be in main body ol Code. Relocate to Appendix. SUBSTANTIATION: AS this section is advisor}' (i.e., not a require- ment) , it should be relocated to the Appendix. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 2-5.2.5 to read: "Considerat ion shall be given to provisions for smoke and heat

vent ing to 3ssist access for fire fighting. (See NFPA 204M, Guide for Smoke and Heat Venting, for information on this subject.) COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee feels that the information presented here is valuable ,and should be retained. It has been reworded into "code" language.

(Log #6) 30- 7 - (2-5): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new second sentence:

"Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids shall not be required to comply ~ t h the provisions of this Section." SUBSTANTIATION: Cur ren t wording does not ~permit storage of Class IIIB liquids in tanks inside buildings. I don t th ink that was the Commit tee ' s intent. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

( Log # 10 ) 30- 12- (2-5.2.7): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Delete "unobstructed." SUBSTANTIATION: To remove a redundancy as it applies to aisles. Other than the aisles, ti'ee movemen t of fire fighting personnel will likely be obstructed by the tanks, piping, and related equipment . COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #7) 30- 8 - (2-5): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M . j o h n s o n , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Delete currently proposed second sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: There is no definition or description of an "enclosed pit." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #8) 30-9- (2-5.1.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson , Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Delete "tank and." SUBSTANTIATION: Present wording is confusing as to application. Since the sen tence is a subsection unde r "Storage Tank Buildings," it is consistent to limit application to such buildings. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 2-5.1.5 to read: "Each storage tank bui lding and each tank within tile building..."

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees that the wording is confusing, but feels that its suggested wording is clearer.

(Log #26) 30- 13 - (2-5.4.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Change term "drained liquid" to "spilled liquid". SUBSTANTIATION: Clarification. The term "drained liquid" could be mis interpre ted to m e a n the spilled liquid after it ha.s been removed from the tank storage area via the drainage s~ tem. COMMITrEE ACTION: Aozept in Principle.

Delete the second sentence of 2-5.4.1. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The sentence in question is redun- dant to the requirements of 2-5.4.2 th rongh 2-5.4.6.

(Log #27) 30- 14- (2-5.4.5): Reject SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: It needs to be clarified whether or not the "emergency drainage system" must be automatic or manual in n a t u r e . SUBSTANTIATION: Section 2-5.4.1 indicates that liquids must be "capable of being removed". This implies tha t tile drainage system can be manual (e.g., a mannal ~ lve to a private waste t reatment facility or a manual ly activated pump) . However, dds needs clarifi cati on.

230

N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 'File appa ren t confusion has been addressed by means of action on C o m m e n t 30-13 (Log #26).

COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The informat ion requested by tile submit ter is not ge rmane to Appendix E.

(Log #28) 30- 15 - (2-5.4.5): Reject SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: An emergency drainage system may not be necessary if a foam su0press ion system is provided. Tile text should be revised to recogtaize this. SUBSTANTIATION: If a foam suppression system is provided, there is less need to drain spilled liquids f rom die area provided the liquids can be safely removed ,'ffter the fire is ext inguished. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee does not agree that a drainage system can l',e omitted in every case.

(Log #30) 30- 19 - (4-4): Accept SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Add flow chart and diagram as Appendix information to 4-4 as shown on pages 232 and 233. SUBSTANTIATION: This informat ion will help the reader unders tand the difference between the four types of inside storage areas. It will also provide a quick reference to the requirements , enhanc ing the usability of Chapter 4. This is critical considering tile major reorganization of tile chapter. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #29) 30- 16 - (2-5.4.5): Ac~ ept iu Principle SUBMITTER: Russell J. Kerlin, Dow Corning Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: The term "primary con ta inmen t area" needs to be def ined or the text revised to clearly indicate what this te rm is referring to. SUBSTANTIATION: h is not clear what is mean t by "primary con t :dnment area", ls dais tile area in which the tank(s) is(are) installed, or could it ,:~e a remote collection are? If the latter is acceptable, then the le is no need to have the former meet the capacity requirement . This is a critical point. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Delete flae word "primary." COMMITTEE STATF2vlENT: The word "primary" is no t necessary and adds confilsion.

(Log #18) 30- 17- (2-5.8.7.4(k) (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Chris topher T. Lummus , Fire Prevention & Engineer ing Bureau of Texas COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

(k) NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection. Testing, and Mainte- nance of Water-Basect Fire Protection Systems. SUBSTANTIATION: Installed protection is not necessarily reliable protection if systems ,are not properly inspected, tested ,and maintained. The new NFPA 25 provides details of proper mainte- nance of such systems. Inspection, testing and main tenance per NFPA 25 should be specified at all points in NFPA standards when l~otect ion by water-based fire ext inguishing systems is specified.

~is will also correlate water-based protection requi rements in NFPA 30 with water-based [)rotection requi rements of o ther NFPA standards. COMMITTEE ACTI ON: AccepL

(Log #31) 30- 20 - (44): Accept SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Change heading to "Design, Construct ion and Operat ion of Inside Liquid Storage Areas". SUBSTANTIATION: 1. The term "Separate Inside Storage Area" is not used anywhere within revised Chapter 4. As a result, use of this term in the beading could be confusing.

2. The term "liquid storage areas" is used th roughou t the revised chapter to denote alltypes of inside liquid storage areas, including liquid warehouses. Using the phrase "and Liquid Warehouses" could be misleading~and imply otherwise. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept.

1. Also, change the phrase "separate inside storage area" to "inside liquid area" in 4-5.1.1, 4-5.1.3, 4-5.2.2, and elsewhere in Chapter 4.

2. Also, in 4-5.2.2 and 4-5.2.4, delete "or liquid warehouses." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tile additional changes have been made to maintain consistencies and to eliminate confusion.

(Log #32) 30- 21 - (4-4.1): Accept SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO" 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Place parenthetical c o m m e n t at end of section (after second sentence) and revise second sentence to read ,as follows:

"This shall include inside rooms, cut-off rooms, a t tached buildings, liquid warehouses and hazardous material storage lockers utilized as inside storage areas (see Section 4-5 for storage of liquids in o ther types of occupancies)." SUBSTANTIATION: Clarification to indicate that Section 4-4 applies to a/ / inside storage areas where die storage of liquids is the primary function. See also comments relative to Section 4-4 and definition for "Separate Inside Storage Areas". COMMI'VrEE ACTION: Accept~

(Log #43) 30- 18 - (Table 4-2.1. Table 4-2.3 and D-4-6.2(a)): Reject SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-20 RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire text unless test data is provided in Appendix E-4-6(a). SUBSTANTIATION: The Commit tee should incorporate the complete fibre drura fire test parameters and test results into Appendix "E-4-6(a) Fire Tests - Drum Storage." As the Commit tee has proposed us ing caution in one ' s use of protection tables, it is critical to make such information readily a~ i lab le to users of the Code, ,as opposed to being "on file" in Quincy, Massachusetts. This will enable informed decisions to be made regarding, storage, design and protection involving Class II combustible liquids in fibre drums.

231

J Start j

Requirements of I Section 4-5 apply

Yes

No

Yes ocker

I ° I Requirements of Section 4-7 apply I

Yes =J Requirements of J l Section 4-6 apply I

Jr~

Treat a s "Inside Room"

J. Yes I

Area is an "Inside Room"

l I Floor area cannot

exceed 500 sq It

Yes

No

Yes

~1o

/ intermediate ~ Yes ~" floors rated for \

4:hr fire /

I N°

. I A r e a is a l - J "Liquid Warehouse" I

Z

~a

I

Fire resistance ratings for wails,

intermediate floors and walls must be in accordance with 4-4.2.1 & 4-4.2.2

The quantity and ] height of liquids

stored must be in accordance with

4-4.4.2

J Area is a I ! "¢ut-o~ Room ~ I

J I Area is an J "Attached Building" I

J Floor area is not J i~ res~ed j

Fire resistance ratings for walls,

intermediate floors and walls must be in accordance with 4-4.2.1 & 4-4.2.2

The quantity and height of liquids

stored must be in accordance with 4-4.4.1 & 4-4.4.4

Provide deflagration

venting per 4-4.2.5

I Dispensing of liquids| is not permitted i=

IA or I B liquids

\ No

~ N o

Electrical instal/ation I and ventilation must

be in accordance with 4-4.2.9 & 4-4.2.11

IS dispensing conducted?

All other provisions of Section 4-4 must

be followed as i appropriate

l . . . . J Floor area is not

restricted

f I Fire resistance ratings for walls,

intermediate floors and wails must be

J in accordance with I 4-4.2.1 & 4-4.2.3

Uquid storage I quantities are not restricted

Uquid storage heights and pile sizes

must not exceed those specified in

Tables 4-4.4.1 (a)-(c) i as appropriate !

Dispensing not allowed except as specified

by 4-4,5.2

Z

I ;>

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

(Log #14) 30- 22 - (4-4.1.2(b)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David C Tabar, Sherwin-Williams COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-22 RECOMMENDATION: Revise as follows:

(b) 3 in. (7.6 cm) 4a,,. (I0 ~m). SUBSTANTIATION: The concerns of the submit ter are not addressed by proposed revisions in alternate Log #23, which states that " . . . 4 in. ( 10 cm) is a commonly used height." This is no t true. Where adequate s~ace exists, desirable (szffe) r amping gradients for "walkie'-t'yl~e and 'rider-operated" powered industrial trucks handl ing palletized loads of f lammable liquids are between a 1:45 to 1:108 ratio. Many "inside rooms" bare limited areas within, and on the lift truck "approach" at the overhead door to these rooms. Additionally, wide and lengthy ramps - particularly in occupancies with multiple inside rooms - prevent utilization of storage racks unless such ramping is fairly level. T he current provisions of the Code which simply require a "4 in. height" do not recognize the added instability to loads of hazardous materials, and difficulty "walkie" and certain models of "rider-type" lift trvcks have in negotiat ing steep "ups and downs"; nor the fact that, in many cases, achieving a 4 in. height in limited areas (especially existing occupancies) is impossible. A "safe" 4 in. high design would require a total ramp length of 39 ft 2-3/8 in.! A 3 in. high design -while still lacilitating inside room "conta inment" - would permit total r amp lengdls of 23 1 /2 ft (using a 1:5 gradient) , a much safer design daan that which currently is required. (See example on page 235.) COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Change second sentence of A-4-4.2.7 to read: "Historically, curbs and sills have been ,1 in. high."

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tile Commil tee feels that tills suggested change to A-44.2.7 accomplishes die submit ter ' s intent.

(Log #34) 30-23 - (44.2.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Change beading of first c o h m m to "Walls & Intermediate Hoors", and change head ing of second co lumn to "Roofs". SUBSTANTIATION: 1. During the TCR meeting, dmre was some discussion on wbedler or not ceilings were tile same as roofs. This change would clarify any potential confusion in dos regard. In addition, the footnotes in the second co lumn really only refer to roofs, not to intermediate floors (or ceilings).

2. Liquid warehonses in multi-story buildings should have intermediate floors with a fire resistance rat ing equivalent to the wall rating (4 hrs.). COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise Table 4-4.2.1 `as follows: 1. Ira the first co lumn under "Fire Resistance Rating," change the

heading to read "Interior Walls, Ceilings, & Intermediate Floors." 2. Change tbe heading of the next co lumn to read "Roofs." 3. Delete the number s u n d e r tile column now headed "Roo£~" for

both entries for "Inside Storage Rooms." -t. Revise Footnote 1 to read: "Between liquid storage areas and any adjacent areas not dedicated

to liquid storage." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: These changes better accomplish the in tent of this comment .

(Log #35) 30-24- (44.2.1): Reject SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow Corning Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Move footnote reference (superscripted number ) to footnote no. 3 to head ing of dfird column. SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. Footnote reference really applies to all types of storage areas, no t ju t cut-off r ooms / a t t a ched buildings. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITI 'EE STATEMENT: The proposed change would cause confusion in interpret ing the table.

(Log #2) 30- 25 - (4-4.2.5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David C Kirbv. Union Carbide Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Revise 4-4.2.5 to read ,as follows: (Under- lined - new text: s t r ikedwough - deleted text)

4-4.2.5 Where Class IA or IB liquids are dispensed, or where (',lass IA liquids are s tored in containers larger than ,,~c gall,,,, 1.1 gallons, the exterior wall or roof construct ion shall be des igned to include exl?losion-venting features, such as lightweight wall assemblies, lightweight roof assemblies, roof hatches, or w~,,d,,~;a of d,c ~xvl~o~ . . . . c . , d . g ;_yvc. (NFPA 68. Guide for Venting of Deflagra- tions, provides it?form_at!on o_n d_~ts sub_j.ect.) _ __

Excention: This does not aonlv to (_;lass IB liouids dispensed fron__!l contai]aers smaller than O0 g~tflons capacity. SUBSTANTIATION: 1. The c o m m e n t allows storage of IA liquids in containers 4 liters capacity (1.1 gallons) widaout explosiou venting.

2. The c o m m e n t deletes the wording "or windows of the explosion vent ing type." Window (glass) is not r e c o m m e n d e d as an explosion vent because of the shrapnel hazard. (See NFPA 68)

3. Dispensing IB liquids f rom containers smaller d/an 60 galls (e.g. 55 gallon drums) is not a significant r o o m / b u i l d i n g explosion hazard to require deflagration vent ing in accordance with NFPA 6~. This is suhstant iated by a long history' of favorable loss experience repor ted by industry, and insurance companies , Ventilation requi rements to meet heal th s tandards fiirther reduces the chatrce of vapor a c c u m u l a t i o n / n e e d for explosion venting.

4. Tile c o m m e n t drops dae exception "does not apply to inside storage rooms." Where explosion vent ing is required, s torage/ dispensing operat ions would be required to be loca ted at an outside wall or on a top floor where wall or roof vent ing could be provided. COMMITI 'EE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 4-4.2.5 to read: "Where Class I A a n d Class IB liquids are dispensed or where C[`ass

IA liquids in containers larger than 1 gallon (4 L) are stored, the exterior wall or roof construct ion shall incorporate deflagration venting. (See NFPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations for fi]rtber information.)

Exception No. 1: Inside storage rooms need not comply with this requirement , COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This revision of 4-4.2.5 provides consistent metric equivalents for nominal size containers and it correlates with tire fact ttlat NFPA 68 is only a Guide. The exception for inside storage roonls is retained because such facilities canuot be provided witb deflagrafion vents.

The Commit tee does not accept tile submit ters proposed new Exception because no justification to suppor t it has been provided.

(l.og #53) 30- 26 - (4-4.2.7 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION" Revise 44.2.7 ,as follows:

44.2.7 Openings in interior walls to adjacent rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombust ib le , liquid t ight raised sills or ramps at least 3 in. (7.6 cm) 4 h',. (I,9, c,~) in he ight or shall be odlerwise des igned to prevent tl~e flow of liquids to dre adjoining areas. A permissible alternative to tile sill or ramp is floor drainage to belowazrade oioin~ or an open-grated t rench, which diverts liquids away froha'th~wall open ing to a safe location. _ , J ~ L e . L - - - ~ - - - - , - - : J - ~ . . . . . V v ] ~ = ~ [ i U x L [ I ~ U ~ L J J x J ~ A K g ~ J ~ U L I U ~ I I I .

SUBSTANTIATION: 3 in. (7.6 cm) ramp heights will facilitate sage lift truck travel and f lammable liquid handling, due to the "s,'ffe" floor gradients required.

Additionally, a liquid warehouse which utilizes "adjacent rooms or buildings" may have con t a inmen t design strategies to have liquids travel to a secondary, interior "containment" area (e.g., after an initial fire water flow durat ion of 20-30 minutes) prior to being received at a "third-step" (e.g., exterior, l ined dock area) discharge location. This may be necessary, e.g., as the final con ta imnen t area may not he available at all sides o f t building to serve ,as a direct receipt o f runo f fwa te r or foam-water sprinkler discharge. The designer needs some degree of flexibility in order to develop a viable and effective warehouse con ta inment strategy. A 4 in. (10 cm) ramp manda te impairs other viable con ta inmen t designs and increases the risk of spills dur ing liquid handling, especially when small inside storage rooms are involved. C O M M I T r E E ACTION: Reject. COMMITI 'EE STATEMENT: Tbe concerns of tile Submitter have already been addressed in Proposal 30-32 of the 1993 kamual Meeting TCR and by Commit tee ' s action on Comment s 30-22 (Log #14) and 30-50 (Log #54).

234

EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS INSIDE LIQUID STORAGE AREAS (shaded areas denote liquid storage areas)

I or 2 nr.' walls " I (see Table 4-4.2-1)

INSIDE ROOM

I o r 2 hr. walls ~ " (see Table 4 - 4 . 2 _ ! ) ~ ' ~ . . ~ .

N"

CUT-OFF ROOMS

I o r 2 hr. wall (see Table 4-4.2. I)

\ i

ATTACHED BUILDING

Z

I

4-Hr. wall

LIQUID WAREHOUSE (attached)

2 or 4 hr. wall (see Table 4-4.2. l)

LIQUID WAREHOUSE (detached)

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

(Log #51 ) 30- 27 - (4-4.2.g (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The SheT~in-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Revise 4-4.2.8 (new) as follows:

4-4.2.7 Curbs, ram_m_~, scuppers, special drains, or other suitable means shall be provided to prevent the flow of l i q u i d s . . . [rest of paragraph remains the same]. SUBSTANTIATION: Rampingis one of die most commonly used design medlods to prevent the flow of liquids unde r emergency conditions f rom traveling to adjacent building are,xs. The Code should recognize this. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Statement to C o m m e n t 30-26 (Log #53).

(Log #36) 30- 28 - (4-4.2.9): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-35 RECOMMENDATION: The phrase " . . . less than 500 sq ft in size a n d . . . " should be deleted. SUBSTANTIATION: Section 4-4.5.1 allows dispensing in cut-off rooms and at tached buildings up to and including 1000 sq ft in size. However, Section 4-4.2.9 as revised by the Commit tee implies that Clmss I, [)iv. 2 electrical equ ipment is no t needed for such areas when between 500 and 1000 sq ft in size. The original intent of this proposal was to combine dmse two sections into one and clarify dm requirements . COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Replace 4-4.2.9 and 4-4.2.10 in TCR Proposal 30-35 wit1 the following:

4-4.2.9 Where (;lass I liquids or Class II or III liquids at tempera- lures at or above their flash points are dispensed, electrical equ ipment and wiring shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 hazardous (classified) locations. In addition, electrical equ ipmen t and vdring located within 3 ft (0.9 m) of d ispensing nozzles shall be suitable for Class 1, Division 1 hazardous (classified) locations. (See NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.(m) COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The above revision better and more dearly states the intent of the requirements .

(Log #37) 30- 29 - (44.2.10): Reject SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow Corning Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-33 RECOMMENDATION: This section shou ld not be deleted. Alternately, the r equ i rement for Class I, [)iv. 1 electrical equ ipmen t widfin 3 ft of d ispensing nozzles should be added to section 4-4.2.9. SUBSTANTIATION: By delet ing 4-4.2.10, die r equ i r emen t for Class I, Div. 1 electrical equ i pmen t in the immedia te vicinity of d ispensing nozzles is lost. The original in tent of the proposal was to apply this requ i rement to inside rooms in addition to cut-off rooms a n d at tached bnildings. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The issue here has heen addressed by die Commit tee Action on C o m m e n t 30-28 (Log #36).

(Log #38) 30- 30 - (4-4.3.4): Accept SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Add tile following sentence at die end of tiffs section:

"Main aisles shall be a m i n i n m m of 8 ff (2.4 IU) wide." Alternately, add new section unde r 44.3 to specify this r equ i rement

and remove reference to main aisles in 4-4.3.3. SUBSTANTIATION: The original section, 4-5.7.12, contained dfis requirement , but it was inadver tendy omit ted when file chapter was reorganized. Section 4-4.3.3 contains a r equ i r emen t for 8 ft wide main aisles, but since tiffs section initially addresses rack storage, this r equ i rement could be interpreted to apply only to rack storage and not solid pi le/pallet ized storage. COMMI'I~rEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log#12) 30- 31 - (44.4.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David C Tabar, The Sherwin-William Company COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 3048 RECOMMENDATION: Revise proposed new Section 4-4.4.3 to read as follows:

4-4.4.3 The total quanti ty of liquids stored in a protected liquid warehouse shall no t be restricted. Storage of liquids in racks shall no t exceed the m a x i m u m total quanti ty limits given in Table 4-4.4.1 (a) unless protected in accordance wida Section 4-8. Storage in racks shall then comply widl Table 444 .1 (c). SUBSTANTIATION: The intent of dae Code's original language should be maintained. This proposal adds the word "protected" to the original sentence. If this sentence is deleted, users of die Code would be required to review four (4) Code sections to get the "total quantity.. .not restricted" ~ part unders tood would be where protected liquid warehouses are involved. COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Principle.

Add an exception to 4-4.4.3 of TCR Proposal 30-48 to read: "Exception: Liquid warehouses need no t mee t this requirement .

(See 4-4.4.4)" COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This proposed new exception better accomplishes the objective of dds comment .

(Log #39) 30- 32 - (4-5.2.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: RusseiIJ. Kerlin, Dow C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-54 RECOMMENDATION: This proposal should be reconsidered. As an alternative, the requi rements for fire wal l /door ratings should be el iminated from this section. SUBSTANTIATION: If specifying a distance for the m ean in g of "detached" is no t within d~e Scope of NFPA 30 as suggested by the commit tee substantiation, fllen similarly, fire resistance ratings for general purpose warehouse are also no t within the scope since both clearly address exposure to adjacent areas/bui ldings .

Note: The original proposal referred to section 4-5.6.1 of die revised chapter. However, die sections were r enumbered in tl,e TCR. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 4-5.2.1 of TCR Proposal 30-18 to read: "General purpose warehouses storing f lammable and combustible

liquids..." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: There is no justification for die 100 ft separation distance in Proposal 30-54 in the TCR.

The Commit tee ' s revised wording is to clarify dlat dais applies only to warehouses storing liquids.

(Log #40) 30- 33 - (4-5.2.4): Accept SUBMITTER: RussellJ. Kerlin, now C o m i n g Corp. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Change " . . . i n separate inside rooms or liquid w a r e h o u s e s . . . " to " . . . in inside liquid storage a r e a s . . . " SUBSTANTIATION: l. The term "separate inside rooms" is no t defined.

2. As written, cut-off rooms and at tached buildings are excluded as being acceptable for storage of plastic containers.

3. This change is consistent with dae terminology used elsewhere widfin Chapter 4. See also commen t s relative to Secdon 4-4 and 4- 4.2.1. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept,

(Log #48) 30- 34 - (4-5.5.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent, The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-52 RECOMMENDATION: Replace existing paragraph with revisions as follows:

4-5.5.1 In storage and display areas tha t are accessible to d~e public, die storage and display of Classes IA. IB, IC, II and IIIA liquids shall not exceed paragraph (a), (b) or (c) below (also see Table A-4-5.5.2) :

(a) In protected g r o u n d floor and mezzanine storage and display areas, tile total aggregate quanti ty of Classes IB, IC, II and IIIA liquids in any combinat ion shall not exceed 4 gal per sq ft (15.1 L

236

N F P A 3 0 - - A 9 3 T C D

per m ~) of total floor area up to a maximum 7,500 gal (28,388 L). Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L), and Class I liquids shall be prohibited in basements and in floor areas other than those described above.

(b) In ground floor and mezzanine storage and display areas where protection isprovided in accordance with Tables D-4-6.2(a) [Revised, see below], D-4-6.2(b) [Revised, see below], D-4-6.2(c), D-4-6.2(d) [New, see below], D-4-6.2(e) [New, see below], 134-6.2.1, or 13-4-6.2.2 [New; see TCR Log #78, p. 42], the following shall apply: The total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II and IliA liquids in any combination sball not exceed 15,000 gal (56,775 L) where product is displayed and accessible to the public. In areas where storage ispalletized and inaccessible to the public, an additional 15,00Ogal (56,775 L) aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II and IliA liquids in any combination shallbe permitted, provided that material is stored and protected in accordance with the protection tables identified in this paragraph. These provisions shall be subject to a total mercantile occupancy limit of 30,000 gal (113,550 L) aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, I1 and IliA liquids. Class IA liquids sball not exceed 240 gal (908 L), and Class I liquids shall be proltibited irz basements and in floor areas other than those described above.

(c) In unprotected ground floor and mezzanine storage and display areas, the toudquantity of Classes IB, IC, II and IliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L per m2 of total floor area up to a maximum 2,500 gal (9.463 L). In unpro- tected basements and on floor areas other than those described above, the total quantity of Class II and IliA liquids in any combina- tion shall not exceed 1 gal per sq ft (3.78 per m2) of total floor up to a maximum 2,500 gal (9,463 L). Class IA liquids shall be prohibited, and Class I liquids shall be prohibited in basements and in floor areas other thai~ those described above. SUBSTANTIATION: Many retailers have been impacted by an outdated "mercantile" flammable and combustible liquids fire code whicla must now keep pace with today's retailing. In home center, variety and specialty type stores, a need exists to display and store products that the consumer desires. These products desired may include paints, stains, wood preservatives, roof and driveway coatings, automotive products, adhesives, and lawn and garden products, for example, along with other consumer commodities.

Retailers, manufacturers, industry trade associations and insurance carriers pulled together during 1992 to conduct an extremely significant and ambitious fire research project pertaining to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids in wholesale/retail occupancies. The project, conducted through the National Fire Protection Research Foundation (NFPRF), is the National Whole- sale/Retail Occupa~lcy Fire Research Project.

The project's objective was to develop a broader range of accept- able storage and display arrangements for sales and storage of flammable and combustible liquids. The project focused on testing and validating various retailer storage and display scenarios utilizing "worst-case" storage and packaging arrangements (of the type one might never expect to find in a wholesale/retail occupancyl), in order to determine effective fire protection for these facilities. The goals of the project were:

• To improve overall fire safety in wholesale and retail occupancies Milch contain flammable and combustible liquids;

• To broaden optaons available for the storage and merchandising of flammable and combustible liquids; and

• To provide documentation of successful fire safety strategies. The project documented:

• The performance of ceiling sprinklers and a combination of ceiling and in-rack sprinkler systems protecting flammable and combustible liquid fires in real-world wholesale and retail sales and storage scenarios;

• Tbe level of rack-display fire challenge controllable by fire protection systems.

• Test results, as proposed in Appendix submittals and within the Underwriters Laboratories report, available through the NFPRF. Beginning in April, 1992, NFPRF worked with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) in conducting the most aggressive series of full- scale retail flammable and combustible liquid fire tests ever conducted. The numerous range finding and large-scale tests have involved:

• Small flammable liquid spills. • Container and commodity tests with various container arrange-

ments. Additional tests have involved flammable and combustible liquids under "flee burn," "pool" and "water suppression" scenarios.

• "Hand-pick" storage and display arrangements under ceiling sprinklers, involving both metal shelving and hand-pick areas of storage racks.

• Rack storage and display of flammable and combustible liquids with "hand-pick" areas below and palletized storage above. Tbese tests have been conducted under ceiling sprinklers, and both with and without in-rack sprinklers.

Many variables were involved in the project. They included parameters such as test fuel, commodity mix, ceiling sprinkler densities, "ELO" and "LO" sprinklers (standard or QR response), open container water-delivered sprinkler densities, container types, cartoned and uncartoned or "display-cut" display and storage arrangements, and in-rack sprinklers. The following were addressed:

Test fuel Heptane, a Class I-B flammable liquid, was used as it was considered to be a worst-case commodity. Class I1 combustible liquid testing has been conducted; test completion is planned in November, 1992.

Commodity mix. Another variable is commodity mix. The large- scale tests have involved flammable liquids in containers placed adjacent to hollow tri-wall cardboardboxes.

Ceiling sprinkler densities. Ceiling sprinkler densities selected for evaluation ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 gpm per square foot.

Ceiling sprinklers. Pendent, extra-large orifice (0.64 in.) and large orifice (17/32 in.) sprinklers, used primarily at 286°F with standard or quick-response links were used.

Open container water-delivered sprinkler densities. Small-scale testing of a burning commodity involved water-spray delivered density tests to determine the required density to achieve suppres- sion. Water spray-delivered densities varied from 0.10 to 0.50 gpm per foot.

Container types. Containers evaluated have included 5-gallon-and- smaller sizes. Both metal and plastic containers were tested.

Display and storage arrangements. Display and storage arrange- ments have included "hand-pick," double-row rack with palletized storage above, and "hand-picking" below, and sheff arrangements with containers in both single and stacked configurations.

In-rack sprinklers. A range of in-rack sprinkler arrangements were evaluated. These includednone, one level and two levels, spacing at 8 ft 3 in., and use of quick response and standard response large orifice in-rack sprinklers.

The research project results are available in the form of UL's Report on Flammable Liquids. The Combustible Liquids report is expected in December, 1992. Both are available from the National Fire Protection Research Foundation, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. This information and that from other independent fire research projects is being made available to the NFPA 30 Teclmieal Committee for review. The research project participants look forward to presenting further information on this (and other)

~jt~ cant sales and storage fire research projects at the December 30 Technical Committee Meeting.

The proposal seeks to maintain the general provisions of the existing NFPA 30 provisions for mercantile occupancies with modifications to further restrict (a) Class IA flammable liquids, (b) basement storage of flammable liquids, (c) areas permissible for aggregate Class IB through 3A liquid storage, (d) physical quantity limitations within (1) areas accessible to the public, and (20 when new and existing Appendix D Tables are used for protection, and (e) powered lift truck handling of Class I flammable liquids in sales display areas during working bours. The proposal adds provisions developed flom recent fire research projects by establishing new protection tables, and permitting use of existing NFPA 30 Appendix protection tables. The net result will be new incentives for improved protection within wholesale/retail occupancies.

237

N F P A 30 - - A93 T C D

Table D-4-6.2(b) Automatic Sprinkler Protection Requirements for Rack Storage o f Liquids in Containers o f 5-gallon capacity or less, in Cartons on Conventional

W o o d Pallets or Without Cartons ~ _ Q I I Pallets (1)

Ceilin~

Class Density Liquid gpm/sq fi

I,II & III 0.55 (7) (8)

Sprinkler Design and Demand

Area

High Temp.

2,000 (9)

(sq. fQ

Ord. Temp.

N /T

Maximum Spacing

100 sq ft /hd

Racks up to 9 fi deep

N/T (lO)

Racks 9 ft to 12ft I

deep

N/T

Minimum Nozzle

Pressure

N/T

Number of Sprinklers Operating

N/T

Minimum Hose

Stream Demand gpm

500

Minimum Duration

Sprinklers and Hose

Stream (hrs.)

NOTES:

(7) Using F-style metal containers and 5 gal tighthead metal containers equipped with plastic pour spout.

(8) Max. 14 ft storage height (3 tiers; floor, 5 ft and 10 ft); max. 18 ft ceiling; rain. 7- I /2 ft aisles.

(9) Using listed or approved 0.64 in. extra-large orifice, pendent style, 286°F, quick response or standard element sprinklers.

(10) Maximum 6 ft deep rack.

N / T = Not Tested

SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L; 1 sq ft = 0.09 m2; 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 in = 2.5 cm.

Table D-4-6.2(d) Automatic Sprinkler Protection Requh,ements for Class I Liquid Storage In Metal Containers of One Gallon Capacity or Less with Uncartoned or Case-Cut Shelf

Display up to 6-1/2 ft, and Palletized Storage Above in a Double Row Rack Array.

Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand

Area ~sq ft)

Maximum Spacing

100 sq ft/hd

Class Density High Ord, Liquid gpm/sq ft Temp. Temp.

Maximum 0.60 2,000 N/T 20 ft (1) storage height

Racks Racks up 9 ft to 12 ft

to 9 ft deep deep

(a) ord. temp. N/T quick response sprinklers, max. 8 ft 3 in horizontal spacing

(b) one line of sprinklers at the 6 ft level and the 11-1/2 ft level of storage

(c) locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical

(d) shields required where multilevel

Minimum Number of Nozzle Sprinklers

Pressure Operating

30psi (a) 6 sprinklers (1/2 in. e~. on two levels orifice)

(b) hydraulically or most remote 12

sprinklers 14psi (17/32 ha. orifice)

Minimum Hose Stream

Demand gpm

500

Minimum Duration

Sprinklers and Hose

Stream (hrs.)

2

NOTES:

(1) Using listed or approved extra-large orifice, pendent style, 286°F quick response or standard link sprinklers under a 30 ft ceiling and using minimum 7-1/2 ft aisle_

N / T = Not Tested

SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L; 1 sq ft = 0.09 m2; 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 in = 2.5 cm.

238

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

Container Size

5 gal or less without carton

Table No. D-4-6.2(e) Automatic Sprinkler Protection Requirements for Class 1 and I1 Liquid Storage in Metal Containers on Shelving (1)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand

Minimum Hose Density Area Maximum Stream Demand

gpm/sq ft (sq ft) Spacing (gpm)

0.19 1500 100 sq ft 250

Minimum Duration Sprinklers and Hose

Stream (hrs.)

2 hr.

NOTILS:

(1) Shelving should he solid or grated metal and storage height should not exceed 6 ft under an 18 ft ceiling. Shelf width should be 2 ft or les.v

SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L; 1 sq ft = 0.09 mZ; 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 in = 2.5 cm. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise 4-5.6.1 of TCR Proposal 30-18 to read as follows: 4-5.6.1" In storage arid display areas dmt are accessible to the

~i ublic, die storage of (;lass I, Class II, and Class IliA liquids shall be mited to the quantities needed for display, storage, and normal

merchandising purposes, but in no case shall exceed the amounts stated in the following

Ca) In protected storage and display areas, due total aggregate s~U:mtity of Classes IB, IC. II and IIIA liquids in any combination

roll not exceed 4 gal per sq ft (162 L/m2) of gross floor area, up to a maximum total quantity of 7,500 gal (28,388 L). The total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L).

(b) In unprotected ground floor storage and display areas, the total aggregate quanti W of Classes IB, IC, II, and IlIA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L/m2) of gross floor area, up to a maximum total quantity of 7,500 gal (28,388 L). The total quantity of (:lass IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L).

(c) In unprotec ted storage and display areas on floors other than the ground floor, the '.oral aggregate quantity of Classes, IB, IC, It and I l ia liquids in an)' combination shall not exceed 1 gal per sq ft (40 L/m2) of gross tic or area. The storage of Class IA liquids in such areas shall be prohibited.

(d) For the purpose of 4-5.6.1 Ca), "protected" shall mean protected with automatic sprinklers that are, as a minimum, installed in accordance With NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, Ordinary Hazard Group 2 occupancies.

(e) For the purposes of 4-5.6.1(a), (b), and (c), "gross floor area," used for computing dw maximum quantity of liquid that can be stored, shall mean that portion of the floor actually being used for the merchandising of these liquids and the immediately adjacent aisle spaces.

(f) Where the storage arrangements, the sprinkler system design criteria, or other means of protection are based on fire test data, the maximum total quantities given in Ca), (b), and (c) above shall be permitted to be doub',:ed. (For additional information on recom- mended protection, see Appendix D.)"

In addition, add to the appropriate sections of Appendix D, the new data entries daat ~re submitted by this Public CommenL COMMITTEE STATI,~IENT: Recently-completed full-scale fire tests indicate the ability to protect flammable and combustible liquids storage in scenarios typical of those found in retail and wholesale merchandising areas: Storage quantities that are consistent with the original proposal have been inchlded, due to the limited testing completed to date.

The Committee encourages continued full-scale fire testing with flammable and combustible liquids and various containers to provide users with ad'litional data to support the use of 4-5.6.1 (f).

(Log #47) 30- 35 - (4-5.5.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: [)avid C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-53 RECOMMENDATION: Replace existing paragraph with revisions as follows:

4-5.5.2 In storage areas that are not accessible to dm public, tile storage of Classes IA, IB, IC, II and I l ia liquids shall not exceed paragraph Ca), (b) or (c) below (also see Table A-4-5.5.2 [pro- posed] )]:

Ca) In protected ground floor and mezzanine storage areas, file total aggregate quantity of Class IB, IC, ll mad IlIA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 4 gal per sq ft (1621 per m2) of total floor area. Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 ga1(454 L), and Class I liquids shall be prohibited in basements and in floor areas other than those described above.

(b) In ground floor and. mezzanine storage areas where protection is provided in accordance with Tables D4-6.2(a) [Revised, see below], D-4-6.2(b) [Revised, see below], D-4-6.2(c), D-4-6.2(d) [New, see below], D-4-6.2(e) [New, see below], D-4-6.2.1, or [)-4-6.2.2 [ Proposed via TCR Log #78, p. 42], as applicable, the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and IliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 30,000 gal (113,500 L) within areas accessible to the public, subject to a total mercantile occupancy limit of 30,000 gal (113,550 L). Storage of Class iA liquids shall not exceed 240 gal (908 L), and Class I liquids shall be prohibited in ba.sements and in floor areas other than those described above.

(c) In unprotected ground floor and mezzanine storage areas, the tot:d aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II and IIiA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L per m2) of total floor area. In unprotec ted basements and on floor areas odaer than those described above, the total quantity of Class II and IliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 1 gallon per sq ft (401 per m ~-) of total floor area, and storage of Class I liquids shall be prohibited. SUBSTANTIATION: Many retailers havebeen impacted by an outdated "mercantile" flammable and combustible liquids fire code which must now keep pace with today's retailing. In home center, variety and specialty type stores, a need exists to display and store products daat die consumer desires. These products desired may include paints, stains, wood preservatives, roof and driveway coatings, automotive products, adhesives, and lawn and garden products, for example, along wida other consumer commodities.

Retailers, manufacturers, industry trade associations and insurance carriers pulled together during 1992 to conduct an extremely significant and ambitious fire research project pertaining to due storage of flammable and combustible fiquids in wholesale/retail occupancies. The project, conducted darough the National Fire Protection Research Foundation (NFPRF), is the National Whole- sale/Retail Occupancy Fire Research Project.

The project's objective was to develop a broader range of accept- able storage and display arrangements for sales and storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Tbe project focused on ~esting and validating various retailer storage and display scenarios utilizing "worst-case" storage and packaging arrangements (of the t}q?e one misht never expect to find in a wholesale/retail occupancyl), in order to determine effective fire protection for these facilities. The goals of the project were:

• To improve overall fire safety in wholesale and retail occupancies which contain flammable ,and combustible liquid*s;

• To broaden options available for the storage and mercb~mdising of flammable and combustible liquid.s; and

239

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

• To provide documentat ion of successful fire safety strategies. The project documented:

• The performance of ceiling sprinklers and a combination of ceiling and in-rack sprinkler systems protecting flammable and combustible liquid fires in real-world wholesale and retail sales and storage scenarios;

• The level of rack-display fire challenge controllable by fire protection systems.

• Test results, as proposed in Appendix submittals and within the 1 ~nderwriters Laboratories report, available through the NFPRF. Beginning in April, 1992, NFPRF worked wida Underwriters Laboratories (U'L) in conducting the most aggressive series of full- scale retail flammable and combustible liquid fire tests ever conducted. The numerous range finding and large-scale tests have involved:

Small flammable liquid spills. Container and commodity tests with various container arrange-

ments. Additional tests bare involved flammable and combustible liquids under "free burn," "pool" and "water suppression" scenarios.

• "Hand-pick" storage and display arrangements under ceiling sprinklers, involving both metal shelving and hand-pick areas of storage racks.

° Rack storage and display of flammable and combustible liquids wit /"hand-pick" areas below and palletized storage above. These tests have been conducted under ceiling sprinklers, and bofla wit1 and wiflmut in-rack sprinklers.

Manyvariables were involved in the project. They included parameters such as test fuel, commodity mix, ceiling sprinkler densities, "ELO" and % 0 " sprinklers (standard or QR response), open container water-delivered sprinkler densities, container types, cartoned and uncar toned or "display-cut" display and storage arrangements, and in-rack sprinklers. The following were addressed:

Test filel. Heptane, a Class I-B flammable liquid, was used as itwas considered to be a worst-case commodity. Class II combustible liquid testing has been conducted; test completion is p lanned in November, 1992.

Commodity mix. Anodrer variable is commodity mix. The large- scale tests have involved flammable liquids in containers placed adjacent to hollow tri-wall cardboard boxes.

Ceiling sprinkler densities. Ceiling sprinkler densities selected for evahmtion ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 gpm per square foot.

Ceiling sprinklers. Pendent, extra-large orifice (0.64 in.) and large orifice (I 7/32 in.) sprinklers, used primarily at 286°F with standard or quick-response links were used.

Open container waterdelivered sprinkler densities. Small-scale testing of a burning commodity involved water-spray delivered density tests to de termine the required density to achieve suppres- sion. Water spray<telivered densities varied from 0.10 to 0.50 gpm per foot.

Container types. Containers evaluated have included 5-gallon-and- smaller sizes. Both metal and plastic containers were tested.

Display and storage arrangements. Display and storage arrange- ments have included "hand-pick," double-row rack with palletized storage above, ,and "hand-picking" below, and shelf arrangements wida containers in both single and stacked configurations.

In-rack sprinklers. A range of in-rack sprinkler arrangements were evaluated. These inc ludednone , one level and two levels, spacing at 8 ft 3 in., and use of quick response and standard response large orifice in-rack sprinklers. The research project results are available in the form of UL's

Report on Flammable Liquids. The Combustible Liquids report is expected in December, 1992. Both are available from the National Fire Protection Research Foundation, 1 Batterymarch Park, ~nincy, MA 02269. This information and that f iom other independent fire research projects is being made available to the NFPA 30 Technical Committee for review. The research project participants look forward to presenting fur ther information on this (and other) significant sales and storage fire research projects at the December NFPA 30 Technical Committee Meeting.

The proposal seeks to maintain the general provisions of the existing NFPA 30 provisions for mercantile occupancies with modifications to fl~rther restrict (a) Class IA flammable liquids, (b) basement storage offl,'mamable liquids, (c) areas permissible for aggregate Class IB d~rough IIL~ liqnid storage, (d) physical quantity limitations within (1) areas accessible to the public, and (2) when new and existing Appendix D Tables are used for protection, and (e) powered lift truck handling of Class I f lammable liquids in sales display areas during working hours. The proposal adds provisions developed from recent fire research projects by establishing new protection tables, and permitting use of existing NFPA 30 Appendix protection tables. The net result will be new incentives for improved protection within wholesale/retail occupancies.

Table D-4-6.2(b) Automatic Sprinkler Protection Requirements for Rack Storage of Liquids in Containers of 5-gallon capacity or less, in Cartons on Conventional

Wood Pallets or Without Cartons ~:=; e-.':._Frza- T: ~ Pallets (1)

~ l ' h ii i 1,,1~] i11111 J [t~]~ Illi~,l levi i i~, 11 i ! | | j [ i~ i i -P~u[

Area (sq. ft)

High Ord. Temp. Temp.

2,000 N / T (9)

Class Density Liquid 8pm/sq ft

LII & 11] 0.55 (7) (8)

Maximum Spacing

100 sq ft/hd

Racks up to 9 ft deep

N / T (lo)

Racks 9 ft to 12 ft

deep

N/T

Minimum Nozzle

Pressure

N/T

Number of Sprinklers Operating-

N / T

Minimum Hose

Stream Demand hrpm

500

Minimum Duration

Sprinklers and Hose

Stream/hrs.)

NOTES:

(7) 1 lsing F-style metal containers and 5 gal t ighthead metal containers equipped with plastic pour spout.

(8) Max. 14 ft storage height (3 tiers; floor, 5 ft and 10 ft) ; max. 18 ft ceiling; vain. 7-1/2 ft aisles.

(9) I ~sing listed or approved 0.64 in. extra-large orifice, penden t style, 286°F, quick response or standard e lement sprinklers.

(10) Maximum 6 ft deep rack.

N /T = Not Tested.

SIUnits: 1 g , d = 3 . 8 L ; 1 sq f t=0 .09mZ;1 f t = 0 . 3 0 m ; l i n = 2 . 5 c m .

240

N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

Table D4-6.2(d) Automatic Sprinkler Protection Requirements for Class I Liquid Storage In Metal Containers of One Gallon Capadty or Less with Uncar~ned or Case-Cut S h e l f

Display up to 6- I /2 ft, and Pai]efized Storage Above in a Double Row Rack Array.

Geilin ~ Sprinkler Design and Demand

Area (sq ft /

Class Density High Ord. Maximum Liquid gpm/sq it Temp. Temp. Spacing

Maximum 0.60 2,000 N/T 100 sq 20 ft (1) ft/hd storage height

Racks Racks up 9 ft to 12 ft

to 9 ft deep deep

(a) ord. temp. N/T quick response sprinkler,s, max. 8 ft 3 in horizontal spacing

(b) one line of sprinklers at the 6 ft level and the 11-1/2 ftlevel of storage

(c) locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical

(d) shields required where multilevel

~ " t ~ 1 . ~ l ~ ~ '.] [ ~ ' ~ i l i I~.111 "Jill o 0TII O l l k I i to i I I i l i i t~,11 Lt

Minimum Nozzle

Pressure

30psi (1/2 in. orifice)

or

14 psi (17/32 in. orifice)

Number of Sprinklers Operating

(a) 6 sprinklers ea. on two levels

(b) hydraulically most remote 12 sprinklers

Minimum Hose

Stream Demand h:q3m

500

Minimum Duration Sprinklers an d Hose

Stream (hrs,}

NOTES:

(1) Usinglisted or approved extra-large orifice, pendent style, 286°F quick response or standard link sprinklers under a 30 ft ceiling and using minimum 7-1/2 ft aisle.

N / T = Not Tested

SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L 1 sq ft = 0.09 mS; 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 in = 2.5 cm.

T a b l e No. D-4-6.2(e) Automat i c Spr ink ler Pro tec t ion R e q u i r e m e n t s f or Class I a n d II Liquid S torage in Meta l Conta iners on Shelving (I)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand

Minimum Hose Minimum Duration Container Density Area Maximum Stream Demand Sprinklers and Hose

Size g p m / s q ft (sq ft) Spacing (gpm) Stream (hrs.)

0.19 1500 100 sq ft 250 5 gal or less 2 hr. without carton

NOTES:

(1) Shelving shoW d be solid or grated metal and storage height should not exceed 6 ft under an 18 ft ceiling. Shelf width should be 2 ft or less.

SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L; 1 sq ft = 0.09 mS; 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 in = 2.5 cm.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Revise 4-5.6.2 of TGR Proposal 30-18 to read as follows: 4-5.6.2 In storage areas that are not accessible to the public, file

storage of Class I, Class II, and Class IliA liquids shall not exceed file amounts stated in die following:

(a) In storage are;rs that are protected in accordance with 4- 5.6.1 (d), the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and IliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 7,500 gal (28,388 L). The total quantity 6f (;lass IA liquid shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L). Class IA liquids shall not be stored in basements.

(b) In unprotected storage areas, the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II and IliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed the a_mount; given in 4-5.6.1 (b) or 4-5.6.1 (c), whichever is applicable.

(c) Where die storage arrangements, the sprinkler system design criteria, or other means of protection are based on fire test data, die maximum total quantifies given in (a) and (b) above shall be permitted to be doubled. (For additional information on recom- mended protection, see Appendix D.)

In addition ,.add to the appropriate, sections, of Ap pendix D , the new data entries that are submitted by this Public GommenL COMMFYrEE STATEMENT: Same as that given for Comment 30-36 (Log #48).

241

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

(Log #17) 30- 36 - (4.5.6.3): Reject SUBMITTER; Joseph L. Scheffey, American Iron & Steel Institute COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-56 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the original proposal and add the following to the I,-~st paragraph of 4-5.6.3:

"Other quanti t ies and a r rangements may be used where suitable protection is provided (see also Table I_M.6.2.2)." SUBSTANTIATION: The Commit tee rejected the original proposal on the basis that Appendix material would become mandatory. The proposal has been rewritten so dmt d~e material is advisory in nature and is consistent with the approach approved by the Commit tee in Proposal 30-72• COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITFEE STATEMENT: This addresses general purpose warehouses and it is tile Commit tee ' s express intent dmt quantit ies or a r rangements be limited in accordance with the existing requirements in (old) Subsection 4-5.6.

(Log #21) 30- 37 - (4-5.6.4): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald Rowson, Industrial Hydrocarbons, Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-60 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text a.s shown:

4.5.6.4 Liquids in Plastic Containers. E~ccd~,; Scv~ca~l~,- I, 1991, (21ass l and Class lI liquids in plastic containers shall no t be s tored in general-purpose waterhouses, but shall be s tored in separate inside rooms, cutoff rooms or a t tached buildings. ~, liq~id ,;~i d,,~.o~o in accordance with Section 4 4 , ~ . SUBSTANTIATION: Recent fire test data developed th rough the National Fire Protection Research Foundat ion ' s (NFPRF) Whole- sale/Retail Occupancy Fire Research Projec~ demons t ra ted the severe fire exposure presented by mineral spirits (a Cl~s II combustible liquid) in one gallon polyethylene containers. In Test No. 5 conduc ted by the NFPRF on 4 / 1 7 / 9 2 at Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., two shelf levels of uncar toned one gallon

Olyethylene containers containing mineral spirits (432 gals. per vel of storage) where she l f s tored to a total height of 6 1/2 ft. With

the ceiling height at 18 ft., a 0.50 g p m / s q ft ceiling sprinkler density ~ns employed using 286 deg. F "standard link" 17/32 in. sprinklers. Fifteen ceiling sprinklers and two in-rack sprinklers were acti~,'ated dur ing the test. The small spill ignition (two gallon) exposure to the shelf storage a m a n g e m e n t resulted in a rapid open ing of polyethyl- ene containers: the subsequen t fire sp r eadappea red to increase geometrically in proport ion to time. Underwriters Laboratories (l IL) terminated d~e test at 80 seconds into the fire, dwough use of their AFFF back-up system. T h o u g h the test was te rminated very early into the fire, approximately 100 polyethylene containers leaked a/°lr partially melted. The extremely fast fire growdl quickly overtmxed

hopes of the sprinkler system controll ing the fire. In testing liquid warehouse scenarios, NFPRF's International Foam-

Water Sprinkler Research Project tested palletized 5 gal. plastic "tight-head" containers involving f lammable ((:lass 1B) hep tane against a (10 gallon) spill exposure (Test Nos. 2A and 7). Total palletized storage heights in hoth tests were 19 inches (one container high), and involved 160 gals. of filel on a total of four pallets in each test. A ceiling closed-head AFFF-water sprinkler density of 0.30 g p m / s q ft was used• This protection was not successfid in conlrolling tile spreading floor fire created by the leaking plastic containers (refer to NFPRF Foam-Water Test Report).

In anodler fire test conduc ted by a major retailer of paint df inner and mineral spirits, a Southwest Research Insti tute-compliant flre- re tardant packaging system containing mineral spirits in one gal. polyethylene oblong containers was tested. The cartons were labeled " . . . COMPLIES WITH THE NFPA 30 REGULATION AND MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF SwRI TEST PROCEDI IRE 92- 02" (a companinn plastic conta iner / l iqu id packaging ~ s e m b l y test protocol tn l.IL's "Subject 2019". Partial pallet loads (only two cartons high) of car toned one gal. polyethylene containers of mineral spirits in a labeled fire retard,'ult carton assembly were tested against a (5 gal.) f lammable liquid spill exposure. An 18 ft ceiling height was utilized with a 0.30 ceiling sprinkler discharge density. Packaging assembly fire damage resulted in container mel t - through and subsequent leakage of contents. Tile sprinkler system was unable to control the fire: the test was aborted.

Additional industry fire testing involving plastic containers has been per formed by Factory Mutual Research Corporat ion (FMRC) Skandia Insurance Co. (Stockholm, Sweden), the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), and the NFPRF Container Project on Flmnmable and Comlmstible Liquids.

The prnposal par~lels insurance industry efl~wts to require segregation of CI,tss I and II liquids in pla.~tic containers. The tiHl-

scale fire testing that has been per formed widely to date supports )he need for specialized storage a r rangements ( though proper protection criteria has not been developed to date). The proposal seeks to reduce tl~e likelihood of full-scale property and environmen- tal losses. At die present time, a n u m b e r of solvent-fillers and retailers suppor t s;ffer means of packaging and storing these commodities, in efforts to reduce overall fire risk. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee feels that a liquid warehouse is the most appropriate site for storing f lammable liquids, regardless of container type.

(Lug #13) 30- 38 - (4-5.6.4 and E-4-6(b), Table 3C): Accept SUBMITTER: David C Tabar, Cleveland, OH COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-60 and 30-91 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text ,~s follows:

1. 4-5.6.4 Change beg inn ing of second line to read "Class l an,t Class lI liquids..."

2. E-4-6(b), Table 3(;, in line 18, "Fire Suppressed", change "Yes" to "No" unde r Test Nos. 2A and 7, SUBSTANTIATION: Corrections to errors in prop.Jsal in the 1993 Annual Meeting TCR. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #55) 30- 39 - (4-5.7.14): Reject SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, Tlle Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-67 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

4-5.7.14 For new liquid warehouses, where automatic sprinkler protection is provided, curbs ramps, scuppers, special drains or oilier suitable means shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquids, unde r emergency condit ions into adjacent buildin~v areas or to the

. . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~, o,. The d. a l , agc oyatc as Drainage systems, when if used, shall have sufficient capacity to carry off expected discharge of water f rom fire protection s ~ t em s and hose streams. SUBSTANTIATION: The concerns of the submit ter have not been addressed by tile Commit tee ' s action on alternate Proposal 30-32 (TCR Log #23, p. 29). Tile Commit tee ha,s chosen to permi t use ot unspecified ramp heights (e.g., "ramps of suitable height") in the Code text.

Tile "corresponding appendix section" found in TCR Log #23 also states that:

" The appropriate Iwight for sills, curbs, or ramps will depend on a numbcl o/fi~ctors, including the maximum expected spill volume, the floor area and the existence of any drainage systems." While true, die next sentence reads: "However. 4 in. ( I 0 cm) is a comrnon(v used height." This is no t true. Since r amp ing / cu rb ing design heights are a f i m c t o n of the overall

con ta inment volume sought, the chosen heights nf ramping// curbing in liquid warehouse design will ~ according to volumetric con ta inment standards and area square footage. In a n u m b e r of new liquid warehouse projects, tile con ta imnen t volumes and area square footage dictated ramp or curb heights of anywhere from 1 in.

to 4 in. (10 cm). Therefore, the appendix reference which the reader will seek to use does not adequately satisfy this submitter. Further, the Log #85 Sherwin-Williams proposal would result in no net additional numbers of words, while the new "corresponding appendix sections" found in Log #23 adds 347 words of new text, much of which is unnecessar / . The d o c u m e n t is becoming t,,o cumbersome. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMrI"rEE STATEMENT: Tile Conmfittee action on TCR Proposal 30-32 already addresses this issue.

(Log #15) 30- 40 - (4-5.7.15 (New)) : Reject SUBMITTER: David C Tabar, Sherwiu-Williams COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-68 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text a~s follows:

"The total aggregate con ta inment capacity for new liquid ware- houses exceeding 60,000 sq ft (5,520 sq m) in area shall be designed using a m i n i m u m one hour waterflow duration."

,v42

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

SUBSTANTIATION: ' ;pecific guidance needs to be provided to designers, owner-operators and the fire service regarding reasonable con ta inmen t capacities for large liquid warehouses. The proposal offers a m i n i m u m design guidel ine which removes die mystique involving con ta inmen t system capacity in existing Section 4-5.7.14. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee action on TCR Proposal 30-32 already addresses dfis issue. In addition, dm Commit tee points out :hat it wishes to retain as m u c h flexibility here ,as possible.

• Fire test results f rom the National Fire Protection Research Foundat ion (and other) test programs which confirm the hazard.

• The fact that no known means of liquid warehouse protection has been de te rmined for the subject liquids covered by the Scope of NFPA 30 dur ing tile last two Code cycles. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Sta tement for C o m m e n t 30-37 (Log #21 ).

(Log #52) 30- 41 - (4-5.7.16 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sberwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-70 RECOMMENDATION: [See proposed new text, TCR Log #87, p. 35.] SUBSTANTIATION: l 'he issue is currently inadequately addressed by "NFPA 30-1990, subsection 4-7.5 (4-8.9 in Proposal 30-18 (Log #45))". Due to tim liquid warehouse section's lack of specificity,

~i ropane lift trucks are tiros d e e m e d ~ p o t e n t i a l l y acceptable for quid warehouse handl ing of pal le t izedf lammable liquid contain-

ers, drums, and totes. Regretfully, dais shonld not be the case. ~vVhal is in tended for s;ffe f lammable liquid pallet-load handl ing widfin these occupancies should be stated in black and white. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Liquid warehouses are not classified for purposes of electrical system installation. The Commit tee feels that this is already ade_-tuately addressed in 4-8.8 of TCR Proposal 30- 18.

(Log #22) 30- 42 - (4-5.7.17): Reject SUBMITTER: Donald Rowson, Industrial Hydrocarbons, Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-71 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as shown:

4-5.7.17 Liquids in Plastic Containers. Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containers shah be stored in separate inside rooms, cutoff rooms or a t tached buildi_._ngs, in accordance with Section 4-4. SUBSTANTIATION: Liquid warehouses should not be utilized as a "safe haven" for storage of Class I and II liquids in plastic containers, when no substant iat ing fire test data has been developed for liquid warehouse protection involving daese commodit ies . Properly segregated storage areas will help to reduce the potential of a full- scale fire loss. Fur ther reference should be made to the fire test results presented in public c o m m e n t to (TCR) Log #82 ("4-5.6.4. Liquids in Plastic Con~:ainers"); also, the National Fire Protection Association's Case Investigation, "Flammable Liquid Warehouse Fire," Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code Handbook (Fourdl Ed., 1990). COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Statement for C o m m e n t 30-37 (Log #21 ).

(Log #56) 30- 43 - (4-5.7.17 and ,t-5.7.17 (a) (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-71 RECOMMENDATION: Add new paragraph 4-5.7.17:

4-5.7.17 Liquids in I?lastic Containers. (a) In liquid wareheuses where liquids o ther than Class I and II

liquids in plastic containers are stored, the Class I mad II liquids in plastic containers shall be s tored widain an inside storage area, in accordance with Section 44 , Design, Construction, and Operation of Separate Inside Storage Areas, separate f rom other liquids or commodi- ties.

Exception: A fire pro~:tion system designed for the proteetion of Class I and 11 liquids in plastic conbTiners shall be considered an acceptable alternative, provided that the design criteria luzs been developed from suecessful fire testing which simulates liquid warehouse storage of these materials. SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed new text represents a common- sense approach towar:l limiting the potential for a large-scale loss. It is substant iated by:.

• Liquid warehouse muki-mill ion dollar fire loss history inw~lving the subject commodit ies.

(Log #57) 30- 44- (4-5.7.17(b) (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-71 RECOMMENDATION: Add new paragraph 4-5.7.17:

4-5.7.17 Liquids in Plastic Containers. (b) Where storage of Class I and II liquids in plastic containers is

no t in accordance with 4-5.17(a), the warehouse shall be located a m i n i m u m of 100 ft (30 m) from exposed buildings or adjoining property that can be built upon, if there is protection from exposures. Where protection from exposures is not provided a m i n i m m n of 200 ft (61 m) distance is required. SUBSTANTIATION: Conforms to the unpro tec ted liquid ware- house concept in Section 4-5.7.6. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commit tee Sta tement for C o m m e n t 30-37 (Log #21 ),

(Log#19) 30- 45 - (4-8.10 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Chris topher T. Lummus , Fire Prevention & Engineer ing Bureau of Texas COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-18 RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

4-8.10 Water-based fire protection systems shall be inspected, tested and mainta ined in accordance with NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. SUBSTANTIATION: Installed protection is not necessarily reliable protection if systems are not properly inspected, tested and maintained. The new NFPA 25 provides details of proper mainte- nance of such systems. Inspection, testing and main tenance per NFPA 25 should be specified at all points in NFPA standards where protection by water-based fire ext inguishing systems is specified. This will also correlate water-based protection requirements in NFPA 30 with water-based protection requi rements of oflmr NFPA standards. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #4) 30- 46 - (5-4.1.4(c)): Accept SUBMITTER: Arno W Heckrodt, Van Nuys, CA COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-80 RECOMMENDATION: Change paragraph (c) to read as follows:

(c) Only inert gas shall be used to transfer Class I liquids. Inert gas shall be used to transfer Class II and Class Ill liquids that are heated above their flash points. SUBSTANTIATION: The transfer of Class I f lammable liquids by means of air pressure should not be permit ted for basic safety considerations. Fur thermore , the tempera tures to which certain Class I liquids may be exposed to could vary appreciably f rom the point of transfer to the point of use, which would alter their flash points dur ing the transfer.

NOTE: Suppor t ing material is a~ailable for review at NFPA Headquarters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 47 - (5-5): Accept SUBMITTER: Edward Hildebrandt, Morton Grove, IL COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-82

I RECOMMENDATION: Revise text ,as follows: 5-5 Vapor Recovery and Vapor Processing Systems 5-5.1 Scope.

(Log #3)

243

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

5-5.1.1 This section shall apply to vapor recovery and vapor processing systems where:

(a) The vapor source operates at pressures fi'om vacuum up to and including 1 psig.

(b) There is a potential for vapor mixtures in the flammable range. 5-5.1.2 This section does not apply to: (a) Marine systems complying with U.S.D.O.T. Regulations 33CFR

Parts 154, 155, 156, and ILS. Coast Guard Regulations 46CFR Parts 30, 32, 35, 39.

(b) Se~'ice station systems complying with NFPA 30A. 5-5.2 Over Pressure/Vacuum Protection. Tanks and equipment

sball have independent venting for overpressure or vacuum conditions that might occur from malfunction of the vapor recovery or vapor processing system.

Exception: For tanks, venting complying with 2-3.4 or 2-3.5. 5-5.3 Vent Location. 5-5.3.1 Vents on vapor processing systems shall be not less than 12

ft (3.6 m) from adjacent ground level, wth outlets located and directed so that flammable vapors will disperse to below LFL before reaching locations containing potential ignition sources.

5-5,3,2 Vapor processing equipment and vents shall be located in accordance with 5-3. I.

5-5.4 Vapor Collection Systems. 5-5.4.1 Piping. Vapor collection piping shall be designed to

prevent t rapped liquid. 5-5.4.2 Liquid Carryover Protection. Vapor recovery and vapor

processing systems that are not designed to handle liquid shall be provided with a means to eliminate any liquid which carriers over to or condenses in the vapor collection system.

5-5.4.3* Liquid Level Monitoring. (a) A liquid knock-out vessel used in the vapor collection system

shall have means to verify the liquid level, and a high liquid level sensor which activates an alarm.

(b) For unmanned facilities, the high liquid level sensor shall initiate the shut down of liquid transfer into the vessel and shutdown of vapor recovery or vapor processing systems.

5-5.5 Overfill Protection. 5-5.5.1 Storage tanks on vapor processing or vapor recovery systems

shall be equipped with overfill protection in accordance with 2-10. 5-5.5.2 Overfill protection of tank vehicles shall be in accordance

with 5-4.4.1.10, 5-4.4.1.11, and 5-4.4.1.12, 5-5.6 Sources of Ignition. 5-5.6.1 Vapor Release. Tank or equipment openings provided for

purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release, in accordance with 2-4.6.6, 2-5.4.9, 5-4.4.1.11, and 5-4.4.1.12.

5-5.6.2* Electric. Electrical area classification shall be in accor- dance wifll 5-3.5.

5-5.6.3* Static Electricity. Vapor collection and vapor processing equipment shall be protected against static electricity in accordance with 5-6.2.4.

5-5.6.4* Spontaneous Ignition. Where there is tbe potential for spontaneous i~nition, precautions shall be taken either by design or written procedures to prevent ignition.

5-5.6.5* Friction Heat or Sparks from Mechanical Equipment. Mechanical equipment used to move vapors wbich are in the flammable range shall be designed to prevent sparks or other ignition sources under both normal and equipment maffunction conditions.

5-5.6.6* Flame Propagation. Where there is reasonable potential for ignition of a vapor mix in the flammable range, means shall be provided to stop the propagation of flame through the vapor collection system. The means chosen shall be appropriate for the conditions under which they will be used.

5-5.6.7 Explosion Protection. Where used, explosion protection systems shall comply with NFPA 69,

5-5.7 Emergency System Shutdown. Emergency shutdown systems shall be designed to fail to a safe position in the event of loss of normal system power (i.e., air or electric) or equipment malfunc- tion.

A-5-5.4.3 Renumber existing A-5-5.3.1. A-5-5.6.2 Renumber existing A-5-5.11.2. A-5-5.6.3 Renumber existing A-5-5.4. A-5-5.6.4 Renumber existing A-5-5.5. A-5-5.6.5 Renumber existing A-5-5.6. A-5-5.6.6 Renumber existing A-5-5.7.

F o r r e ~ r e n c e o n l y - n o t t o b e i n c l u d e d w i t h t e x t ,

Old New

5-5 5-5 5-5.1 5-5.1.1 5-5.1.1 5-5.1.2(a) 5-5.1.2 5-5.1.2(b)

5-5.2 5-5.2

5-5.3 5-5.4.2 5-5.3.1 5-5.4.3 5-5.3.2 5-5.4.1 5-5.3.3 5-5.5.1 5-5.3.4 5-5.5.2

5-5.4 5-5.6.3 5-5.5 5-5.6.4 5-5.6 5-5.6.5 5-5.7 5-5.6.6 5-5.8 5-5.6.7

5-5.9 5-5.6.1 5-5.10 5~.3 5-5.10.1 5-5.3.1 5-5.10,2 5-5.3.2 5-5.11

5-5.11.1 5-5.7 5-5.11.2 5-5.6.2

~5-5.3.1 &5-5.4.3 ~ 5 ~ . 4 ~5-5.6.3 ~5-5.5 ~5-5.6.4 ~5-5.6 ~5-5.6.5 ~5-5.7 ~5-5.6.6 ~5-5.11.2 ~5-5.6.2

SUBSTANTIATION: This is a proposed reorganization of new 5-5 to conform to the NFPA Style Manual. No technical changes have been made to the text. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #11) 30- 48 - (5-5.3.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Donald M.Johnson, Western States Petroleum Assn. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-82 RECOMMENDATION: Change "product" to "liquid" in second sentence. SUBSTANTIATION; The requirement should apply to any liquid, including crude and intermediate liquids, not just to products, COMMrI~rEE ACTION: Accept. Accept by means of Committee Action on Comment 30-47 (Log

#3). COMMITrEE STATEMENT: This change has already been made in Comment 3047 (Log #3).

(Log #1 ) 30- 49 - (A-2-5 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Joshy P Kallungal, Office of the Fire Marshall COMMENT ON PROPOSALNO: 30-13 RECOMMENDATION: Add an Appendix Note to Section to read:

A-2-5 Section 2-5 provides an approach that allows considerable flexibility for compliance without compromising fire safety, while fostering ingenuity in application of fire safety principles to achieve the in tended objectives, outlined in the performance criteria set out at the beginning of each Subsection. Each Subsection has been written with the first sentence outlining the performance criteria which if implemented would achieve compliance with that Subsec- tion. In order to clarify the intent of each performance criterion, the subsequent paragraphs constitute one method of achieving compliance with the intent envisioned in the performance require- ments. It is recognized that other combinations of requirements may also be used to meet the intent of the performance criteria, provided such requirements ,are acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

244

N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

SUBSTANTIATION: New concepts are introduced in the proposed Section 2-5 which needs clarification, and the Appendix Note will serve to provide the necessary clarification. COMMI]TEE ACTION: Accept

(Log #54) 30- 50 - (A-4-4.2.7): Accept in Principle SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sberwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-23 RECOMMENDATION: Change second sentence of new paragraph A-4-4.2.7 to read:

"A variety of ramps, curb or sill heights can be used to obtain the desired conta inment volume in each containment area. As a truide. one sauare foot area of water at a one inch height euuals 0.62-~al (2.35 LL Once the total ouantitv of necessary f inuid 'containment l~as been established, the ~aecess~trv ram6. cm:b o'r sill heiithts can dlen be calculated." SUBSTANTIATION: The information proposed will assist in de termining minimum, necessary ramp or curb heights, once the desired conta inment volume (determined by desired water flow duration and quantity of water flow) has been established. As an example, a 60,000 sq ft liquid warehouse might be p lanned wida a water flow dem a nd of 3,090 ga l /min (1,800 gpm for ceiling sprinklers, 540 gpm for in-racks and 750 gpm for hose streams). I fa one hour conta inment capacity using the building itself as contain- ment is as planned, the following calculation would occur.

3,090 (water flow) x 60 ram. (duration) = 185,400 total gal (desired containment volume)

0.62 gal (1 sq ft HZ0 @ 1 in. height) x 60200 sq ft (warehouse size ) = 37,200 gal 185,400 + 37,200 = 4.98 in. perimeter ramp or curb height

Based on this information, the designer: operator, or Code official could then (e.g.) r ecommend a 5 in. per imeter curb or interior ramping for building containment; or, r ecommend 3 in. perimeter curbing or ramping, with the remaining necessary conta inment capacity of 74,160 gal (2/5 of 185,400) being designed into (e.g.) a below-grade dock area designed for "secondary" containment. The designer, owner, or Code official could permit a very gradual (unseen to the eye) 3 in. bigh" incline to the floor over (e.g.) a 50 ft distance before shipping dock doors, to accomplish sucb contain- ment. COMMITI'EEACTION: Accept in Principle. Add the submitter 's proposed language to the existing language in

A-4-4.2.7, as pr inted in TCR Proposal 30-32 of the 1993 Annual Meeting TCR. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee 's proposed action meets the concerns of die submitter and retains the current language.

(Log #49) 30- 51 - (A-4-5.5.1): Accept SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent, The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 3083 RECOMMENDATION: Delete existing Table A-4-5.5.1. SUBSTANTIATION: Existing table does not conform with new mercantile occupancy proposal. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #50) 30- 52 - (A-4-5.5.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent, The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-83 RECOMMENDATION: Add new Table A-4-5.5.1 as shown below. SUBSTANTIATION: The new table will conform with mercantile Pcroposal for Secs. 4-5.5.1 (1990) and 4-5.5.2 (1990).

OMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Add a new Table A-4-5.6.1 as shown on page

COMMITI"EE STATEMENT: This table incorporates the provisions of new paragraphs 4-5.6.1 and 4-5.6.2, as given in Comments 30-34 (Log #48) and 30-35 (Log #47).

(Log #42) 30- 53 - (Appendix D): Reject SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent, Tile Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-85 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

1. "CAUTION: TLc f,~II,,;d,-,g Certain fire protection tables that follow suggest sprinkler design densities that have been developed from limited fire testing :,,,d d,~ ,vvli,.aGv,, "~,, c,~5:u~, ~;'/5 j~,dgc,~,.,,,t, da~." [etc]

2. Also delete new statement suggested for all NFPA 30 protection tables:

IMI'C.RT;J,'F. 7,EE TIIF. ~ . U T I C N ~TATEL/ENT AT TIIE

SUBSTANTIATION: More than seventy (70) flammable and combustible liquid fire tests have been conducted through the National Fire Protection Research Foundation 's International Foam- Water Sprinkler Research Project, and National Wholesale/Retail Occupancy Fire Research Project, and recent independen t fire research efforts. Other NFPA Codes rightfully place protection tables in the Code, rather than the Appendix. While the Committee should consider this, it should only issue "CAUTION" statements on the specific existing protection tables whicb may be in question, which may not be based on documented fire testing. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The Committee feels that the cautionary s tatement is appropriate and should apply to all die table.s

Table A-4-5.5.1 Allowable Storage Amounts, Mercantile Occupancies Areas Accessible or Not Accessible to the Public

IA Protection Level Gals/Ft 2 Max. Qty. (Gals)

~ ( 1 )

Ground Floor and Mezzanine N / A 120 Basement and Other Floor 0 0

Protected Per Anoendix D Tables Ground Floor and Mezzanine N / A 240 Basement and Other Floor 0 0

Unnrotec ted Ground Floor and Mezzanine

Combination IB, IC, 11 and IlIA Gals/Ft 2 Max. Qty. (Gal.)

BASEMENT & OTHER FLOOR

4 4, 7,500(2)

but no Class I

N / A N/A, 30,000(3)

but no Class I

0 0 2 2,500(2) 1

0 0

NOTES: (1) As def ined in accordance with Section 4-5.5.1 (b) [1990]. (2) In "protected" and "unprotected" storage areas not accessible to the public, the maximum quantity provision shall not apply. (3) The total aggregate quantity of Glass IB, IC, II and IIIA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 30,000 gallons within file mercantile

occupancy. N/A: Not Applicable.

245

N F P A 30 1 A 9 3 T C D

Table A-4-5.6.1 Allowable Storage Amounts, Mercantile Occupancies for Areas Accessible and Not Accessible to the Public

Level of Protection

per 4-5.6.1 (a) Ground Floor Basement, Other Floor

Protected Per 4-5.6.1 (f~ or 4-5.6.2(c) Ground Floor Basemem. Other Floor

'dnDrotected Ground Floor Basement, Other Floors

Gal/Ft x

N/A 0

N/A 0

Max. Qty. (Gal.)

120 0

240 0

Gals/Ft X

Class IA 1 Classes IB, IC, II ,and IliA An~" Combination 1

Max. Qty. (Gal.)

7.500

15,000

7,500

1Areas accessible to the public or not accessible to the pubfic. N/A = Not Applicable.

(Log #41) 30-54- (Table D46.2(a ) ) : Accept in Part SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent, The Sherwin-WiUiams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 2,0-86 RECOMMENDATION: Revise Table D-4-6.2(a) by inserting the new protection criteria as follows:

[ Insert within existing Table D-4-6.2 (a) ]

Class Container Density High Ord. Maximum Liquid Size and gpm/sq ft Temperature Temperature Spacing

Arrangement

I B* metal containers

I C,* 5 gallons or less; & II vdth/without

cartons; palletized or solid pile (6)

Notes:

Minimum Minimum Hose Duration

Stream Sprinklers Demand & Hose

(gpm) Streams (2)

0.21(7 ) 1500 N / T (5) 100 sq ft 250 2 hr.

0.80(6), (8) 2000(7) N/A (5) 100 sq ft 500 2 hr.

(4) Maximum storage height 4 ft under an 18 ft ceiling.

(5) N / A - NotApplicable.

(6) Maximum storage height 11 ft for cartoned and 12 ft for uncar toned under a maximum 2,0 ft ceiling.

(7) Using listed or approved 0.64 in extra-large orifice, pendent style, 286°F, quick response sprinklers.

(8) l Jsing 1 gal F-style metal containers with plastic nozzles, spouts or solid plastic caps.

SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed new changes to Table D-4-6.2(a) covered by this comment outline additional options accounting for other storage conditions and ceiling sprinkler designs and demands. These options are suppor ted by recent full scale fire tests conducted at Underwriters Laboratories' fire test facilities.

During 1991 a series of fire tests was conducted and covered by a Schirmer Engineering Corporation report entitled "Class IB Flammable Liquid Sales and Storage Fire Tests." Tile data from dais fire test has been accepted as Appendix material under Table 4A by the Committee, and was covered in Proposal No. 2,0-90, Log #62 in the A93 Technical Committee Report. The fire was controlled by four sprinklers with no measurable fuel loss.

In September, 1992, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. conducted- on behalf of the Sherwin-Williams Company- a full-scale, 12 ft high (2, pallet load height) flammable and combustible liquid fire test involving.l,592 gals. of Class I and II liquids under a 30 ft high ceiling using penden t Extra Large Orifice (0.64 in. orifice) 286°F sprinklers with quick response elements. The results are currently being analyzed by Schirmer Engineering Corporation. A second test is currently planned in late October, 1992. Following completion, the results will be further analyzed to provide the Committee with more complete substantiation involving the proposed protection criteria for 11-12 ft palletized.

246

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

COMMITFEEACTION: Accept in Part. Revise existing Table D-4-6.2(a) by adding the first set of data

proposed by the submil ter to the second section of the Table. See the following:

CI,xss Container Density High Ord. Max. Liquid Size and gpm/sq ft (2) Temp. Temp. Spacing

Arr,'mgement

1 B* metal containers, 0.21 (4) (7) 1500 N/T (5) 100 sq ft I C,* 5 gal or less, & II with/without

carte ns, palletized or sclid pile (6)

NOTES:

Min. Hose Stream

Demand (gpm)

Min. Duration Sprinklers &

Hose Streams (2)

250 2 hr.

(4) M~ximum Storage Height: 4 It, under an 18 ft ceiling. (5) N/T = NotTested (6) Using 5 gal cylindrical metal containers with plastic spouts or solid plastic caps and 1 gal F-style (oblong) metal containers (7) _gee Test 3, Table 4A, Appendix E-4-6(b).

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: There was insufficient t ime for die Commit tee to review new data. In addition, tim Commit tee felt that this informat ion and test data is actually new material that has not had public review. The part daat has been accepted incorporates the data d~at was accepted by TCR Proposal 30-90.

(Log #45) 30- 55 - (E-4-6(b)): Hold for Further Study SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-90 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new entry to "Section E-4-6(b) Fire Tes ts - Small Containers" that would be n u m b e r e d "(7) 1992 Fire Tests". See "Appendix E" for r emainder of proposal.

Appendix E E-4-6(b) Fire Tests - Small Containers. (7) 1992 Fire Tests. A series of daree r~ck array fire tests involving dae storage of

f lammable liquids was conducted at Underwriters" Laboratories, Inc. in Northbrook, Illirhois.

The f lammable liquid was packaged in 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t igh thead containers equipped with plastic pull-up pour spouts and car toned 1 gal (3.8 L) metal F-style containers with metal nozzles and caps.

2 gal (7.5 L) hept~me spill was used as the ignition scenario in all of these tests.

A summary of these tests is contained in Table 7. (See Table 7 on pages 248 th rough 25!5.) SUBSTANTIATION: A series of fire tests were conducted dur ing 1992 at Underwri ters Laboratories ' fires test facilities in Nordlbrook, IL. The testing was sponsored by the Sherwin-Williams Company. This project sought fur ther technical data on the protect ion of f l ammable /combus t ib le liquids. The f a m m a b l e / c o m b u s t i b l e liquids were packaged in car toned and unca r toned metal containers. The f l ammable /combus t ib le liquid tests were a r ranged in a rack storage a r rangement . The tests were in tended to de te rmine the effectiveness o f a s t m d a r d sprinkler system against a fire involving this commodi ty usi~ag a pool fire ignition scenario. The Code, as written, is currently lacking in fire test data per ta ining to these scenarios. COMMITTEE ACTION: Hold for Further Study. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: There was insufficient t ime to review such a large volume of data. This will be treated as a proposal for the next revision cycle of NFPA 30.

(Log #46) 30-56 - (E-4-6(b)): Hold for Further Study SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 30-90 RECOMMENDATION: Add a new entry to "Section E-4-6(b) Fire Tests - Small Containers" that would be n u m b e r e d "(6) 1992 Fire Tests". See "Appendix E" for r emainder of proposal.

Appendix E E~t-6(b) Fire Tests- Small Containers. (6) 1992 Fire Tests.

A series of five rack, n ine mixed rack storage and display, and two display fire tests involving the storage of f lammable and combustible liqfiids were conducted at Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. in Northbrook, Illinois.

The f a m m a b l e liquid was packaged in unca r toned 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighthead containers equ ipped with plastic pull-up pour spouts; tmcar toned, car toned and display-cut 1 gal (3.8 L) metal F-style (oblong) containers with metal nozzles and caps; and display cut 1 qt (.95 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts an d caps. The combustible liquids were packaged in car toned and display-cut 1 gal (3.8 L) metal friction lid containers and display cut 1 gal (3,8 L) polyethylene containers. The f lammable and combustible liquid was a r ranged in a fire test

facilities rack storage array, a display array, and a combinat ion array of rack storage and display. A 2 gal (7.5 L) hep tane spill was used as the ignition scenario in all of daese tests.

A summary of d~ese tests is conta ined in Table 6. (See Table 6 on

g ages 254 darough 288.) UBSTANTIATION: A series of fire tests were conducted dur ing

1992 at Underwriters Laboratories" fires test facilities in Nordabrook, IL. The testing was sponsored by the National Fire Protection Research Foundat ion, as part of the National Wholesale/Retai l Occupancy Fire Research Project. This project sough t fur ther technical data on the protection of f l ammable /combus t ib le liquids in mercanti le occupancies. The f lanamable/combust ible liquids were packaged in car toned and unca r toned metal and plastic containers. The f l ammable /combus t ib le liquid tests were a r ranged in a rack storage array, a hand-pick (shelf storage) array, and a combinat ion array of rack storage and hand-picking. The tests were in tended to de termine die effectiveness of a s tandard sprinkler system against a fire involving the commodi ty using a pool tire ignition scenario. The Code, as written, is currently lacking in fire test data per ta ining to these scenarios. COMMITrEE ACTION: Hold for Further Study. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: There was insufficient t ime to review such a large volume of data. This will be treated as a proposal for the next revision cycle of NFPA 30,

(Log #44) 30- 57 - (E-4-6(b) and Table 3C): Accept SUBMITTER: David P. Nugent , The Sherwin-Williams Co. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO," 30-91 RECOMMENDATION: Correct typographical error in line 18 ("Fire Suppressed") unde r Test Nos. "2A and "7"; change 'Tes" to "No" for each test. In the footnote at dm bot tom of the table, change "plastic container" to "polyethylene container". SUBSTANTIATION: This series of the National Fire Protection Research Foundat ion ' s Foam-Water sprinkler tests were conducted at Underwriters ' Laboratories facilities. The 5 gallon "tight-head" polyethylene containers could not be controlled or suppressed unde r closed-head foam-water sprinklers, at the .30 density, 3% foam-water concentrat ion, and with 286°F 1/2 in. s tandard link sprinklers in Test 2A (not p r imed with foam-water) and 165°F 1 /2 in. s tandard link sprinklers in Test 7 (prepr imed with foam-water). COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

247

Fire tests involving fla,mnable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: l;nderwTiters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

"2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.5 m)

3. Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 ram) longitudinal flue space and overall width of 5 ft 4 in. (1.63 in). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay' of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commoditn' in both single row target racks opposite" aisle and N. and S. ba~x of the double.

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle adjacent to rack centered below two sprinklers.

Table 7

RACK STORAGE TEST 1

(1)

Horizontal Rack Member SheMng

Height Material

5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.04 m)

N o n e

Note 1 : Note 2: All pallet loads were s tretch-wrapped Note 3: N /A - Not Applicable

4. Ignition: 2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle adjacent to rack centered below two sprinklers.

5. Sprinkers: Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Discharge Density 0.55 gpm per sq ft (22.4 m m / m i n . )

Ori_Iic e Size 17/32 in. (13.5 ram)

Tiered Storage Arrangement and Total Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighhead containers stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 47 in. (1.2 m). Twent;,-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (454 L) on each pallet and 240 gal (908 L) on two pallets.

Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). For D" cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 320 gal (1211 L) total on two pallets.

9nd Tier

Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty" cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 640 gal (2423 L) on four pallets.

3rd Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in, (1.24 m), Forty, cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 640 gal (2423 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,840 gal (6965 L) of heptane

Corrugated cardboard target commodi ty consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider.

In-rack Sprinkler TTq3e and No. of Levels

None

(2)

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6. Sprinkler System Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,840 gal (6965 L) of hep tane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 14 ft 1 in. (4.3 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

K-Factor 8.0 (115)

Temnera tu r e Rating 286°F (141°C)

Response T ime Index 400 (ft-sec) 1,/2 (228(m-sec) 1/2

Sprinkler Snacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

A r r a n g e m e n t Pendent

No. of Ope ra t i ng Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Opera t i ng T imes

4 Sprinklers

#10 @ 1:11 #11 @ 4:50 #6 @ 5:17 #7 @ 5:17

10. Fire Controlled: No

D a m a g e Assessmen t

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pore" spou t ven ted on several containers . Top and b o t t o m of several containers bulged, resu l t ing Jn a n u m b e r of containers falling over into the aisle. 1 gal (3.79 L) - Pour spou t ven ted on n u m e r o u s containers . Several conta iners fell into the flue spaces and the aisle. Cardboard packaging material complete ly c o n s u m e d on face of rack a n d in the transverse and logitudinal flue spaces near igni t ion point.

No damage to commodi ty on face of rack opposi te igni t ion point . Also, stretch-wrap and cardboard packaging material was intact.

Cor ruga ted ca rdboard target commodi ty bu rned t h r o u g h in N. & S. bay at transverse flue space.

No aisle j u m p .

No. of Ope ra t i ng In-rack Sprinklers, Ope ra t i ng

Times & Flow

N / A (3)

C o m m e n t s

H e p t a n e ignitor fire out at approx imate ly 3 rain. 36 sec.

After ca rdboard packaging mater ia l c o n s u m e d on rack face adjacent to igni t ion point , combus t ion t h r o u g h o u t r e m a i n d e r of test consis ted of b u r n i n g cor ruga ted ca rdboard commodi ty and h e p t a n e f rom 1 gal (3.79 L) and 5 gal (18.9 L) conta iners at pour spouts or caps. Fire most in tense nea r igni t ion poin t at face of rack and ~ i th in transverse flue space. In te rmi t t en t floor fires due to topp l ing containers . Fire manua l ly ex t ingu i shed via a band he ld CO 2 ext inguisher at 41 min. 15 sec.

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Table 7

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc.. Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5,5 m)

3. Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configurat ion and Ignitor

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

RACK STORAGE - TEST 2

SheMng Material

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 ram) longitudinal flue space and overall width of 5 ft 4 in. (1,63 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2,3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks opposite aisle and N. and S, bay~ of the double.row rack (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle adjacent to rack centered below two sprinklers.

5 ft (1.52 m) mad 10 ft (3.04 m)

None

Tiered Storage Ar rangement and Total Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighhead containers stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 47 in. (1.2 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (454 L) on each pallet and 240 gal (908 L) on two pallets.

Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four h igh on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty, cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 320 gal (1211 L) total on two pallets.

2nd Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four h igh on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty, cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 640 gal (2423 L) on four pallets.

Srd Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four h igh on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). For W cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 640 gal (2423 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,840 gal (6965 L) of hep tane

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were s t retch-wrapped " Note 3: N / A - Not Applicable

(2)

5. Sprinklers: Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Discharge Density v

0.55 gpm per sq ft (22.4 m m / m i n . )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.3 ram)

In-rack Sprinkler T}l)e and No. of Levels

None

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6. Sprinkler System T~l~e: Wet Pipe - Water on b"

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,840 gal (6965 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 14 ft 1 in. (4.3 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

K-factor 11.1 (160)

Temperature Ratinu 286°F (141°C)

Response Time Index 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 [146(m-sec)1/2]

Spfilakler Soacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3"m 2) -

Arrangement Pendent

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

3 Sprinklers

#11 @ 1:19 #10 @ 1:40 #7 @ 2:01

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Observations: Damage Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pour spout vented on several containers.

1 gal (3.79 L) - Pour nozzle vented on several containers.

Cardboard packaging material partially consumed on face of rack and co/npletely consumed within transverse and logitudinal flue spaces near ignition point.

No damage to commodity on face of rack opposite ignition point. Also, stretch-wrap and cardboard packaging material was intact.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity partially charred in south bay at transverse flue space, 1st tier.

No aisle jump.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

N/A (3)

Comments

Heptane ignitor fire out at approximately 3 rain. 36 sec.

After cardboard packaging material partially consumed on rack face adjacent to ignition point, combution throughout remainder of test consisted of burning heptane from 1 gal (3.79 L) and 5 gal (18.9 L) containers at pour spouts or caps. Fire less intense than test No. 1 and confined to the lower pallet of 1 gal (3.79 L) F-style containers with metal nozzles and caps facing the ignition point.

Fire self-extinguished at 29 rain.

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Table 7

1. Test Location: LTnder~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.5 m)

3. Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

RACK STORAGE - TEST 3

Shelving Material

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) longitudinal flue space and overall width of 5 ft 4 in. (1.63 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.04 m)

None

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks opposite' aisle and N. and S. ba)~ of the double. row rack (1)

Tiered Storage Arrangement and Total Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier 5 gal (18.9 L) metal tighhead containers stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 47 in. (1.2 m).Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (454 L) on each pallet and 240 gal (908 L) on two pallets.

Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 320 gal (1211 L) total on two pallets.

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle 2nd Tier adjacent to rack centered below 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighthead containers two sprinklers, stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling

47 in. (1.2 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (454 L) on each pallet and 240 gal (908 L) on two pallets.

Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 320 gal (1211 L) on two pallets.

~ r d ~ i e r Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Forty" cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 160 gal (605 L) on each pallet and 640 gal (2423 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,760 gal (6662 L) of heptane

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dMder. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped " Note 3: N/A - Not Applicable

4. Ignition: 2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

(2)

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5. Sprinklers:

6. Sprinkler S}~tem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quali w, Gal. (L): 1,760 gal (6662 L) of hep t ane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 14 ft 1 in. (4.3 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Observations:

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Discharge Density 0.55 g p m per sq ft (22.4 m m / m i n . )

Orif_,ce Si 7e .64 in. (16.3 m m )

K-Factor 11.1 0 6 0 )

T e m p e r a t u r e Ratine 286°i: (14I°C) -

Resnonse T ime Index 55 (ft-sec) 1/2 (31 (m-sec) 1 / 2

Sprinkler Spacing 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

A r r a n g e m e n t Penden t

No. of Opera t ing Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Ope ra t i ng T imes

3 Sprinklers

#6 @ 0:49 #10 @ 0:49 # 7 @ 1:11

In-rack Sprinkler Type an d No. of Levels

N / A

N o n e

Damage Asse s smen t

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pou r spou t ven ted on 6 to 8 containers. Additionally 2 to 3 con ta iners fell over.

Cardboard packaging material c o n s u m e d ~ t h i n logi tudinal flue space and a por t ion of the trans~'erse flue space.

No damage to commodi ty on bo th rack faces. The cardboard packaging material was intact .

Cor ruga ted cardboard target c o m m o d i t y partially char red in sou th bay at trans~'erse flue spaces ls't tier. '

No aisle j u m p .

No. o f Op e ra t i n g In-rack Sprinklers, Opera t ing

T imes & How

(3)

C o m m e n t s

After h ep t an e ignitor fire b u r n e d out, l imited fire involvement of f l ammable l iquid co m m o d i ty ad jacen t to flue spaces in center bay of double row rack.

Fire less in tense than Test No. 2.

Fire self-ext inguished at approximate ly 5 rain. 34 sec.

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Under~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Rack Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuratmn and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and over-all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both target racks, opposite aisle and N. and S. bays of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7,58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Table 6

TEST No. 1

Horizontal Rack Member SheMng

Height Material

3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) and 7 ft 6 in. (2.3 m)

2 in x 6 in. (50 mm x 150 ram) wood slats spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart.

Tiered Ar rangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighhead con- tainers with plastic pull-up pour spouts stacked two high on a wood pallet totalling 33 in. (.84 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (45.4 L) on each pallet and 480 gal (1817 L) on four pallets.

2rid Tier Car toned 1 gal (3,79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three h igh on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.965 m). Thirty-nine cartons containing 4 gal '(15.1 L) each with 156 gal pallet and 624 gal (59.1 L) on each (2362 L) on four pallets.

Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.965 m). Thirty-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (59.1 L) on each pallet and 624 gal (2362 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,728 gal (6541 L) of heptane (2)

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Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dMder . Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~wapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7,58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Discharge Density 0.50 gpm per sq ft 20.4 mm,/min.)

Orifice Size 17/'32 in. (13.5 ram)

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None

6. Sprinkler S}'stem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,728 gal (6541 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 10 ft 8 in. (3.25 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

8.0 (115)

Temoerature Ratin~ 286°F (141°C)

Re,~pon~e Time Index 400 (ft-sec) 1/2 (224(m-sec) 1/2)

Sprinkler Spacing 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arrangement Pendent

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

6 Sprinklers

#10 @ 1:26 #7 @ 2:11 #3 @ 4:44 #6 @ 4:53

#16 @ 11:17 #15 @ 11:56

Damage Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pour spout vented on 10-12 containers.

1 gal (3.79 L) - Several containers ruptured.

Wood slats collapsed.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

None

Comments

Test terminated at 7 min. 50 sec. Finally extinguised manually 1 hr. after ignition.

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Fire Tests invol~ing flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Under~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

Table 6

TEST No. 2

2, Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3, Rack Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and over- all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both target racks, opposite aisle and N. and S. baxs of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member Shel~ing

Height Material

3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) Open wire mesh.

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor 5 gal (18.9 L) metal tighhead con- tainers with plastic pull-up pour spouts stacked two high on a wood pallet totalling 33 in. (.84 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (45.4 L) on each pallet and 480 gal (1817 L) on four pallets.

2nd Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.965 m). Thir~'-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (591 L) on each pallet and 624 gal (2362 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane (2)

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Note 1 :

Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider.

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Dischartze Density v

0.50 gpm per sq ft 20.4 mm/min . )

Orifice Size 17/32 in. (13.5 ram)

K-Facto.__X 8.0 (115)

Temperature Rating 286°F (141 °C)

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None

6. Sprinkler S,~tem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 6 ft 8 in. (2.03 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

I0. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Obser~ations:

Response Time Index 400 (ft-sec) 1/2 (224(m-sec) 1/2)

Sorinkler Soacimt 100 ft 2 (9.3"m 2) - Arranffement Pendent

No. of OperatingCeiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

2 Sprinklers

#6 @ 1:57 #10 @ 2:03

Damage Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pour spout vented on 10-12 containers.

1 gal (3.79 L) - Several containers ruptured.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

None

Comments

Test terminated at 4 rain. 50 sec. Manual AFFF s~tem on.

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Rack Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 in) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and over- all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both target racks, opposite aisle and N. and S. bays of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 3

SheMng Material

2in. x 6 i n . ( 5 0 m m x 150 mm) wood slats spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart.

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay"

1st Tier on Floor 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighhead con- tainers with plastic pull-up pour spouts stacked two high on a wood

allet totalling 33 in. (.84 m). wenty-four containers per pallet

with 120 gal (45.4 L) on each pallet and 480 gal (1817 L) on four pallets.

Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and

stacked three high on a wood et totalling 38 in. (.965 m).

irty-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (591 L) on each pallet and 624 gal (2362 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane (2)

Note 1:

Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dMder.

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Discharge Density 0.50 gpm per sq ft 20.4 mm/min . )

Orifice Size 17/32 in. (13.5 mm)

8.0 (115)

Temperature Rating 286°F (141°C)

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) standard response, large orifice 17/32 in. (13.5 min), RTI 400 (ft-sec) 1 /2 (224(m-sec) 1/2) at 38 in. (.97 m) deflector to floor. Frame parallel to piping. One level of sprinklers.

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6. Sprinkler Sy*tem Type: Wet Pipe -Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 6 ft 8 in. (2.03 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Response Time Index 400" (ft-sec) 1/2 (224(m-sec) 1/2 )

100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arrangement Pendent

No. of OperatingCeiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

4 Sprinklers

#6 @ 4:24 #10 @ 4:24

#7 @ 5:15 #11 @ 5:15

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

1 sprinkler at 1:01 at 30 gpm (114 Lpm)

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Damage Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pour spout vented on 10- 12 containers.

Comments

Floor fire out at 5 rain. 5 gal (18.9 L)

containers began to burn intensely at 5 rain. Test terminated at 5 min. 40 sec. Manual AFFF system on.

Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

Table 6

TEST No. 4

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Rack Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and lguitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (152 mm) flue space and over- all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both target racks, opposite aisle and N. and S. ba)~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m)

Shelving Material

2in . x 6 i n . ( 5 0 m i n x 150 mm) wood slats spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart.

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor 5 gal (18.9 L) metal t ighhead con- tainers with plastic pull-up pour spouts stacked two high on a wood pallet totalling 33 in. (.84 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (45.4 L) on each pallet and 480 gal (1817 L) on four pallets.

Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and

stacked three high on a wood et totalling 38 in. (.965 m).

irty-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (591 L) on each pallet and 624 gal (2362 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane (2)

2

I

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dixider.

Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-x~Tapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Ceiling Sprinkler S~tem Details

Discharge Density v

0.50 gpm per sq ft 20.4 ram/rain.)

Orifice Size 17/32 in. (13.5 ram)

8.0 (115)

Temoerature Ratin~ 155°~ " (68°C)

In-rack Sprinkler T)lae and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) standard response, large orifice 17/32 in. (13.5 min), RTI 400 (ft-sec) 1 /2 (224(m-sec) 1/2) at 38 in. (.97 m) deflector to floor. Frame parallel to piping. One level of sprinklers.

6. Sprinkler S',~tem T~]3e: ~ATet Pipe - Wate r only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,104 gal (4179 L) of hep tane

8. Storage Height , In. (m): 6 ft 8 in. (2.03 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Respolrlse Tinle ~rldex 400 (ft-sec) 1/2 (224(m-sec) 1/2)

Snrinkler Soacinlz 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2) -

A r r a n g e m e n t Pendent

No. of O p e r a t i n g C e i l i n g Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Ope ra t i ng T imes

4 Sprinklers

#6 @ 1:36 #10 @ 1:46

#7 @ 1:59 #11 @ 2:02

D a m a g e Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic p o u r spou t ven ted on 6-8 containers .

1 gal (3.79 L) - Several caps separa ted f rom containers. L imi ted damage to shr ink wrap and cardboard on e i ther end rack. H u e t empera tu re greater than 1300°F be tween IRAS heads.

No, of Opera t ing In-rack Sprinklers, Ope ra t i ng

T imes & Flow

1 at 1:55 at 30 gpm, (114 lpm)

C o m m e n t s

No rup tu re of any containers . Test t e rmina ted at 7 rain. Manual Wate r system on. AFFF a d d e d at 7 rain. 50 sec. AFFF a d d e d to ceiling at 10 rain. 12 sec., o f f a t 11 rain. 20 sec. and on again at 12 rain. H a n d hose l ines at 13 rain. 20 sec.

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Fire Tests invoMng flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: UndermTiters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

Table 6

TEST No. 5

g

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Rack Storage Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 fl 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (152 ram) flue space and over- all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bav of double row rack,

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both target racks, opposite aisle and N. and S. bax~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m)

Shel~ing Material

2 in . x 6 i n . ( 5 0 m m x 150 mm) wood slats spaced 2 in. (50 ram) apart.

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor 5 gal (18.9 L) metal tighhead con- tainers with plastic pull-up pour spouts stacked two high on a wood pallet totalling 33 in. (.84 m). Twenty-four containers per pallet with 120 gal (45.4 L) on each pallet and 480 gal (1817 L) on four pallets.

2nd Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L ) metal F-st}te containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.965 m). Th i rwnine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (591 L) on each pallet and 624 gal (2362 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane (2)

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I a~

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dMder. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~Tapped "

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Discharge Density 0.50 gpm per sq ft 20.4 mm/min . )

Orifice Size 17,/32 in. (13.5 ram)

R-Factor 8.o (115)

Temperature Rating 155°F (68°C)

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) quick response, large orifice 17,/32 in. (13.5 rain), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (28(m-sec) 1,/2) at 38 in. (.97 m) deflector to floor. Frame perpendicular to piping. One level of sprinklers.

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6. Sprinkler S)stem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,104 gal (4179 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 6 ft 8 in. (2.03 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Observations:

Response Time Index .t00 (ft-sec) 1/2 (224(m-sec) 1/2)

Sprinkler Spacing 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arrangement Pendent

No. of Opera t ing Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Opera t ing Times

1 Sprinklers

#6 @ 1:54

Damage Assessment

5 gal (18.9 L) - Plastic pour spout vented on 4 containers.

No. of Opera t ing In-rack Sprinklers, Operat ing

Times & Flow

2 at 55 sec. and 67 sec. at 30 gpm (114 lpm)

C o m m e n t s

Fire suppressed at 4 min. 20 sec.

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I ~a ,4 ¢3

g

Fire Tests invoh'ing flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underx~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Asrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) longitudinal flue space and over- all width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ff (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack. '

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east half and N, & S. ba}~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 77 in. (1.96 m), and 95 in. (2.4 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 6

SheMng Material

Open ~dre mesh

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider.

Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~Tapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Tiered ,M'rangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay'

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninety-two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style con-' miners with metal nozzles and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in. (.52 m).

2n~ Tier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-state containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

3rd Tier Three hundred and sixty display cut 1 qt (.95 L) metal F-state container's with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m)

4 ~ Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Strange height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twenty-four cartons with four containersper carton.

5 ~ Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Fifty-two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 890 gal (3369 L) of hep tane

I

5. Sprinklers:

6. Sprinkler S~stem T)]~e: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Qualiw, Gal. (L): 890 gal (3369 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 12 ft 8 in. (3.66 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Disch~.rge Density 0.60 gpm per sq ft 24.5 mm/min . )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 ram)

K-Factor 11.1 (160)

Temnerature Ratine w

286°F (141°C)

Response Time Index 260" (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/2) Snrinkler SDacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3"m 2) v

Arrangement Pendent

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

3 Sprinklers

#6 @ 0:52 #10 @ 1:08 #11 @ 1:12

Damage Assessment

1 quart (.95 L) - 3-4 containers ruptured. Numerous I gal (3.79 L) and 1 quart (.95 L) containers had missing caps and were leaking.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

None

Comments

First container ruptured at 2 rain. 50 sec. Test terminated at 3 rain. 15 sec. AFFF added.

Z

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Under~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2, Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display' Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 fl 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1,/2 ft (2,3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay' west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity' in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east haft and N. & S. ba~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7,58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Ivlember

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m), and 97 in. (2.46 m

Table 6

TEST No. 7

SheMng Material

Open wire mesh

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped '

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal title cen te red below four sprinklers.

Tiered Ar rangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninety-two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-state con- miners with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in. (.52 m)

~nd Xi~r Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

3rd Tie£ Three hund red and sixty display cut 1 qt (.95 L) metal F-st,de containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m)

4 ~ Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twenty-four cartons with four containers per carton.

Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Fifty-two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 890 gal (3369 L) of hep tane

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5. Sprinklers:

6. Sprinkler S1,~tem T~13e: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 890 gal (3369 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 12 ft (3.66 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Obser~ationsc

Discharge Detl.sjty 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 ram/rain.)

Orifice Siz~ .64 in. (16.26 ram)

11.1 (160)

Temperature Rating 286°F (141°C)

Response Time ln0e~; 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/2)

Sprinkler Sp~ging 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arranffement v

Pendent

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

2 Sprinklers

#11 @ 1:15 #10 @ ]:33

Damage Assessment

No rupture of any containers.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

155"F (68~C) quick response, large orifice 17/32 in. (13,5 rain), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (28(m-sec) 1/2) at 73 in. (1.85 m) deflector to floor. Frame perpendicular to piping. One level of sprinklers.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

2 at 1:03 and 1:08 at 30 gpm (114 lpm)

Comments

Fire was suppressed within 5 rain, except for slight burning of one corrugated cardboard target commodity carton.

Z

I

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(20

Fire Tests invoMng flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Under~witers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

94 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack. "

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east half and N. & S. bays of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane in aisle adjacent to rack centered below two sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m), and 97 in. (2.46 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 8

SheMng Material

O p e n wire mesh

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodi ty consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped "

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below two sprinklers.

Tiered Ar rangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninety-two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style con- miners with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in.(.52 m).

end Tier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage he ight on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

3rd Tier Three hund red and sixty display cut 1 qt (.95 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m).

4 ~ Tier Cartoned 1 .gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spounts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twenty-four cartons with four containers per carton.

Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Fifty- two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 890 gal (3369 L) of heptane.

Z

I

5. Sprinklers:

6. Sprinkler S~tem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 890 gal (3369 L) of beptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 12 ft (3.66 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Obsern'ations:

Dischar _,2e Density v

0.60 gpm per sq ft 24.5 mm/min . )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 mm)

K-Factor ]1.1 (16o)

Temperature Ratine 286°F (141 °C)

Response Time Index 260 (fl-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/2)

Svrinkler Spacing 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2) -

Arrangement Pendent

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

1 Sprinkler

#7@ 1:12

Damage Assessment

No rupture of any containers.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & How

None

Comments

Fire was suppressed by 7 rain. 12 sec.

I t~

-Zl O

Fire Tests involving f lammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underx~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 27 ft (8.23 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangement-

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east half and N. & S. ba,,~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane in aisle adjacent to rack centered below four sprinklers.

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 i n ( .175m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m). and 97 in. (2.46 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 9

SheMng Material

Open wire mesh

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dMder , Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~sTapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

Tiered Ar rangemen t and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninetwtwo display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in. (.52 m).

2nd ~ier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3,79 L) metal F-st)le containers Mth metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage he ight on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

Srd Tier Three h u n d r e d and sixty display cut 1 t (.95 L) metal F-style containers uitqh metal spouts and' caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m).

4th Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the sheff. Storage height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twenty-four cartons with four containers per carton.

5m Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four h igh on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 In). Fifty-two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each ~ith 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 890 gal (3369 L) of heptane.

Z

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5. Sprinklers:

6. Sprinkler S)~tem T?,]oe: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 890 gal (3369 L) of heptane

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 12 ft (3.66 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Inconclusive

11. Significant Observations:

Discharge Density 0.60 gpm per sq ft 24.5 m m / m i n . )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 nun)

11,1 (160)

Temoerature Ratin~ 286oi7 (141oc) -

Re.,spo!ase Tim.e Index 260 (ft-sec) 1,/2 (146(m-sec) 1,/2)

Sorinkler Snacin~ 100 ft 2 (9 .3m 2)

Ar raneement Pendent

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Opera t ing Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Opera t ing Times

2 Sprinklers

#7 @ 2:42 #11 @ 19:06

Damage Assessment

One 1 gal (3.79 L) container rup tured at 18 rain. 28 sec. Corrugated cardboard commodity. consumed in N. bay of double row rack.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) quick response, large orifice 17/32 in. (13.5 mm), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (2.8(m-sec) 1 /2 at 73 in. ¢1 ~r) m~ deflector to floor. Frame x

~)erpendicular to piping. One level of sprinklers.

No. of Opera t ing In-rack Spnnklers, Operat ing

Times & Flow

2 at 36 sec.

Conlnlents

Ii~sufficient heat to actuate second ceiling sprinkler until container ruptured, Manual AFFF on at 22

e t / 2 rain. C iling increased o 0,90 gpm, ' f t (36.7 ram/ra in) , Fire ext inguished using h a n d hose lines at 25 rain.

I t~a

Fire Tests invohing f lammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Under~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 27 ft (8.23 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangement~

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east half and N. & S. ba,,x of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m), and 144 in. (3.66 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 10

Shehing Material

Open wire mesh

Tiered Ar rangemen t and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninety-two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in.(.52 m).

2nd Tier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-st)te containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

3rd Tier Three h u n d r e d and sixty display cut 1 t (.95 L) metal F-style containers witctt~ metal spouts and' caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m).

4th Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts nozzles and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage he ight on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twent}~four cartons with four containers per carton.

5th Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.97 m). Thirty-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 'L) each with 156 gal (590 L) on each pallet and 312 gal (1181 L) on two pallets.

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Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

12ada,atgt~tamm~ 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 mm/min . )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 mm)

K-Factor 11.1 (160)

Temoerature Ratiniz 286°;Z (141°C)

Response Time Index 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/9)

Sorinkler Soacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3-m 2) -

Pendent

6. Sprinkler S~tem Type: %Yet Pipe - %¥ater only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1.202 gal (4550 L) ofheptane.

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 16 ft (4.88 m)

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

6m Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Fifty-two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 1,202 gal (4550 L) of heptane.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) quick response, large orifice 17/$2 in. (15.5 mm), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (2.8(m-sec) 1 /2 at 73 in. (1.85 m) and 138 in. (3.51 m) deflector to floor. Frame

erpendicular to piping. Two vels of sprinklers.

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9, Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: Yes

11. Significant Observations:

No. of Ope ra t i ng Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Opera t i ng T imes

N o n e

Damage Asses smen t

No rup tu re of an), containers.

No. of Op e ra t i n g In-rack Sprinklers, Ope ra t i ng

T im es & Flow

3 1 top level at 13 sec.

2 bo t tom level at 45 & 75 sec. at

30 g p m (114 lpm)

C o m m e n t s

Fire was suppressed by 5 rnin, except for slight b u rn in g of one corrugated ca rdboard target co m m o d i ty carton.

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 27 ft (8.23 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display" Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width %1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east half and N. & S. bays of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m), and 95 in. (2.4 m) 144 in. (3.66 m) and 188 in. (4.78 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 11

SheMng Material

Open wire mesh on top shelf. 2 in. x 6 in. (50 m m x 150 mm) wood spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart on lower shelves.

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

One hundred and ninety-two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style con- tainers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in.(.52 m).

~nfi Tier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

~rd Tier Three hundred and sixty display cut 1 qt (.95 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m)

4th Tier Cartoned of 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal nozzles and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m).Twenty-four cartons with four containers per carton.

Sth Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal nozzles and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.97 m). Thirty-nine cartons conta in ing4 gal (15.1 L) each with 156 gal (590L) on each pallet and 312 gal (1181 L) on two pallets.

6m Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal nozzles and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.97 m). Thirty-nine cartons conta in ing4 gal (15.1L) each with 156 gad (590L) on each pallet and 312 gal (1181 L) on two pallets.

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- , 4 G~

Note l: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross dKider. Note 2: All pallet loads x,'ere stretch-wrapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Discharue Density 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 mm,/min,)

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 mm)

K-~actor 11.1 (160)

T .emperature Rating 286°F (141°C)

Resnonse Time Index 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/2)

Sprinkler SDacimz 100 ft 2 (9.~'m 2) -

Arrangement v

Pendent

6. Sprinkler S~atem Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1.098 gal (3816 L) ofheptane.

8. Stoi'age Height, In. (m): 19 ft (7.5 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

None

7m Tie~ Corrugated cardboard commodity consisting of an empty double tri-wall box containing a metal cross di~Ader on a wood pallet totalling 47 in. (1.2 m).

Total: 1,098 gal (3816 L) of heptane.

In-rack Sprinkler T,~Tpe and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) quick response, large orifice 17/32 in. (13.5 mm), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1 /2 (2.8(m-sec) 1 /2 at 73 in. (1.85 m) and 138 in. (3.51 m) deflector to floor. Frame

~ to piping. Two vels of sprinklers.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

5 1 top level at 6 sec.

2 bottom level at 8 & 12 sec.

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10. Fire Controlled: Yes

-q -.T

11. Significant Observations:

Damage Assessment

No rupture of any continers.

Co mmen t s

Fire was suppressed by 2:30.

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1 Test Location: Underx~iters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2 Ceiling Height: 27 It (8.23 m)

3, Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Flammable liquid in center bay west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bay, east haft and N. & S. ba}~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 54 in. (1.37 m), 79 in. (2.0 m) 95 in. (2.4 m), and 144 in. (3.66 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 12

SheMng Material

Open wire mesh on top she l l 2 in . x 6 i n . (50 mm x 150 ram) wood spaced 2 itl. (50 ram) apart on lower shelves.

Tiered Ar rangemen t and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor One h u n d r e d and ninet~,;two display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-s@le containers with metal spouts and caps stacked two high on the she l l Storage height on the shelf was 20.5 in.(.52 m).

2nd Tier Ninety-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers ~i th metal spouts anti caps stacked one high on the she l l Storage height on the shelf was 10.25 in. (.184 m).

3rd Tier Three h u n d r e d and sixty display cut 1 q t (.95 L) metal F-stvle containers with metal spouts and' caps stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 15 in. (.38 m).

4th Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-swle containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 11 in. (.28 m). Twenty-four cartons ~i th four containers per carton.

5th Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-swle containers with metal spouts and caps stacked three high on a wood pallet totalling 38 in. (.97 m), Thirty-nine cartons containing 4 gal (15,1 L) each with 156 gal (590 L) on each pallet and 312 gal (1181 L) on two pallets.

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Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~a'apped "

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers:

Discharge Densiw 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 mm/min . )

Orifice Siae .64 in. (16.26 ram)

K-Factor 11.1 (160)

Temperature Rating 286°F (141 °C)

Response Time Index 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1,/'2)

Sprinkler SDacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arrangement Pendent

6. Sprinkler S~tem T)~pe: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality; Gal. (L): 1.202 gal (4550 L) ofheptane.

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 16 ft (4.88m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No. of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

2 Sprinklers

#6 @ 1:21 #7 @ 8:18

6 ~ Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-stTle containers with metal spouts and caps stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 49 in. (1.24 m). Fifty-two cartons containing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 208 gal (787 L) on each pallet and 416 gal (1574 L) on two pallets.

Total: 1,202 gal (4550 L) oI laeptane.

In-rack Sprinkler T?qpe and No. of Levels

155°F (68°C) quick response, large orifice 17,/32 in. (13.5 ram), RTI 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (2.8(m-sec) 1 /2 at 73 in. (1.85 m) and 138 in. (3,51 m) deflector to floor. Frame

~ to piping. One vel of sprinklers.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

2 48 sec. 640 sec.

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10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Obser~ations:

Damage Assessment

] gal (3.79 L) - Three containers rup tured and caps or collars separated on 40-50 containers.

] qt - Three containers ruptured and 15-20 containers collapsed or were leaking.

Co mmen t s

Test terminated by manual operat ion of F-W s~ tem at 10 rain. 40 sec, Empw tri-wall burn ing ~ithin.

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Fire Tests involving flammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 27 ft (8.23 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangemen~

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m)

Combustible liquid in center bay, west half of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite msle, the center bay, east haft and N. & S. bays of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 i n (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 55 in. (1.39 m), 83 in. (2.1 m), and 101 in. (2.57 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 13

Shelving Material

2 in. x 6 in. (50 mm x 150 mm) wood spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart.

Note I: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-wrapped

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers.

5. Sprinklers.

Discharize Density 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 mm/min . )

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Tiered Arrangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

One hundred sixty-eight display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the sheff was 15 in. (.38 m).

~nd Tier Eighty-four display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked one high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 7.5 in. (.191 m).

ard Tier One hundred sixty-eight display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked two high on the

• shelf. Storage height on the sheff was 15 in. (.38 m).

4th Tier C, ar toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps stacked one high on the shelf was 7.75 in. (.197 m).Eighteen cartons with four containers per carton.

5th Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 36 in. (.91 m).

Total: 780 gal (2953 L) of mineral spirits.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None

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I

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 mm)

11.1 (160)

Temperature Ratintt 286°F (141°C)

Response Time Index 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 (146(m-sec) 1/2)

Sprinkler Soacing 100 ft 2 (O,3"rn 2)

Pendent

6, Sprinkler S)~tem T~3e: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 780 gal (5950 L) of mineral spirits.

8, Storage Height, In. (m): 11 ft 8 in. (3.56 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

No. of Operating. Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

2 Sprinklers

06 @ 1:21 #7 @ 3:36

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Damage Assessment

1 gal (3.79 L) - Forty to fifty friction lid containers were opened resulting in a fire that completely engulfed the test commodity in the array. Numerous containers spilled on the floor. Containers began opening at approximateb, 42 secs. Horizontal steel rack supports deflected outward due to heat resulting in wood slats and test commodi W dropping onto storage below.

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers, Operating

Times & Flow

None

Comments

Test terminated 5 rnin. and extinguished by manual foam water deluge s~stem by 5 min. 20 sec.' Used containers in tended for viscous materials.

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O0

Fire Tests involvilig f lammable and combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Unden~Titers Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 27 ft (8.23 m)

3. Mixed Rack Storage and Display Arrangement:

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

24 ft 9 in. (7.5 m) long double row rack with 6-in. (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Aisle width 7-1/2 ft (2.3 rn)

Combustible liquid in center bay of double row rack.

Corrugated cardboard target commodity in both single row target racks, opposite aisle, the center bav east half and N. & S. ba',~ of the double row rack. (1)

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue centered below four sprinklers

Horizontal Rack Member

Height

7 in (.175 m), 36 in. (.91 m), 55 in. (1.39 m), 83 in. (2.1 m), and 101 in. (2.57 m)

Table 6

TEST No. 14

SheMng Material

Open wire mesh.

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes contairfing a metal cross di~ider. Note 2: All pallet loads were stretch-~Tapped

-t. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue cen te red below four sprinklers.

Tiered ~M'rangement and Flammable Liquid Fuel Load in Center Bay

1st Tier on Floor Three h u n d r e d thir~'-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid con- tainers stacked two high on the shelves. Storage height on the shelves ~¢as 15 in, (.38 m).

One h u n d r e d sixt}~eight display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf ~as 7.5 in. (.191 m).

3 r d ~ i e r Three hund red thirty-six display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid con- tainers stacked two high on the shelves. Storage height on the shelves ~as 15 in. (.38 m).

4m Tier Cartoned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers one high on the shelves was 7.75 in. (.197 m). Thirty-six cartons with four containers per carton.

5th Tier Car toned 1 gal (3.79 L) metal friction lid containers stacked four high on a wood pallet totalling 36 in. (.91 m). Thirt)~six cartons contain- ing 4 gal (15.1 L) each with 144 gal (545 L) on each pallet and 576 gal (2180 L) on four pallets.

Total: 1,560 gal (5905 L) of mineral spirits.

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5, Sprinklers:

Discharge D ensiL~; 0.60 gpm per sq ft (24.5 mm/min. )

Orifice Size .64 in. (16.26 ram)

K-lZhctor 11.1 (160)

Temperature Rati33~ 286°F (141°C)

Response Time h!dex 260 (ft-sec) 1/2 ( 146 (mmec) 1/2)

Sprinkler S~acing 100 ft 2 (9,3m 2)

Arrangement Pendent

6, Sprinkler System Type: Wet Pipe - Water only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 1,560 gal (5950 L) of mineral spirits.

8. Storage Height, In, (m): 11 ft 8 in. (3.56 m)

9, Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

No, of Operating Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operating Times

7 Sprinklers

#6 @ 1:42 #t 4 @ 3:06 #7 @ 3:09

#15 @ 3:09 #1 ] @ 3:15 #9 @ 3:18 #10 @ 3:21

f)amage Assessment Numerous I gal (3.79 L) friction lid containers were opened resulting in a fire that completely engulfed the test commodity in the arra~: Several containers fell onto floor resulting in Sl3ill fire in aisle. ,aisle jump did not occur as ceiling sprinkler discharge pre-wet corrugated target commodity.

In-rack Sprinkler Tvpe and No. of Levels

No~le

No. of Operating In-rack Sprinklers. Operating

Times & Flow

None

~olrllnents Test terminated at 20 rain. and extinguished b,v manual foam-water deluge s~,~tem. Used compound lined lids. Fire t~'avel along longitudinal a,~is of rack possible, if tack was longer and contained more combustible liquids.

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Fire Tests invoMng flammable liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwxiters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Display Arczpgomenr

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

7 ft (2.1 m) wide metal shelf unit with enclosed top, back and sides. Vertical metal divider 3 ft (.91 m) in from one side. Shelf mounted on open wire mesh 7 in. (.18 m) above floor~

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle adjacent to front of shelf.

Shelf Height

11.5 in. (.29 m), 35 in. (.89 m), 51.25 in. (1.3 m), 68 in. (1.73 m), and 80.25 in. (2.04 m)

Table 6

D. ISPLAY TEST 4

Solid metal.

SheMng Material

Note 1 :

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in aisle adjacent to front of shelf.

5. Sprinklers:

Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider.

Discharge Density 0.30 gpm per sq. ft (12.2 mm/min)

Orifice Size 17/32 in. (13.5 ram)

K-Factor 8.0 (115)

Temoerature Ratine 286@ (141°C)

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Shelf Storage Arrangement and Total Flammable Liquid Fuel Load

1 st Tier on Floor Fourteen display cut 5 gal (18.9 L) metal tighthead containers with plastic pull-up pour spout.

2rd Tier Forty-eight display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps.

Forty-eight display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) metal F-style containers with metal spouts and caps.

4th Tier Sixty-eight display cut 1 quart (.95 L) metal containers.

5th Tier Sixty-eight display cut 1 quart (.95 L) metal containers.

Total: 200 gal (758 L) ofheptarle

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

None.

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6. Sprinkler System Type: \~Tet Pipe - V(ater only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 200 gal (758 L) of hep tane .

8. Storage Height , In. (m): 88 in. (2.23 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Obsei~ations:

Response Time Index 400 (ft-sec) 1/2

(224 (m-sec) 1./2 )

Sprinkler Spacing 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2)

Arranf fement Penden t

No. of Opera t ing Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No,

& Opera t i ng T imes

12 All but #'s 1, 5, 9 and 13

Between 2 rain. 47 sec., and 3 min. 5 sec.

Damage Assessment

Polyethylene pour spouts ven ted on all 5 gal (18.9 L)conta iners . Rup tu re of several quar t conta iners caused top she l f to move out of place. 29 quar t con ta inerson floor.

No. of Opera t ing In-rack Sprinklers, Opera t ing

T imes & Flow

No n e

C o m m e n t s

Several ] quar t (.97 L) metal F-st?te conta iners of hep tane ru p tu r ed a few seconds after the first ceiling spr inkler operated. This caused a total of 12 ceil ing sprinklers, all but n u m b e r s 1, 5, 9 an d 13, to opera te over an 18 sec. period.

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Fire Tests involving Combustible liquids:

1. Test Location: Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL

Table 6

2. Ceiling Height: 18 ft (5.49 m)

3. Display Arrangement:

t ~ O0

Rack Configuration and Ignitor

Double row with 6-inch (150 mm) flue space and overall width of 7-1/2 ft (2.3 m). Corrugated cardboard target commodity on back side.

2 gal (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue.

(1)

Shelf Height

7 in. (.175 m), and 42 in. (1.01 m),

Shel~ing Material

2 in . x 6 i n . ( 5 0 m m x 150 mm) wood slats spaced 2 in. (50 mm) apart.

Note 1: Corrugated cardboard target commodity consists of empty tri-wall cardboard boxes containing a metal cross divider.

4. Ignition: 2 gal. (7.58 L) heptane spill in longitudinal flue.

5. Sprinklers:

O_Qrjfw_¢.~ 17/32 in. (13.5 mm)

K-factor 8.0 (115)

Temoerature Ratin~ 155°F (68°C)

Resoonse Time Index 400 (ft-sec) 1/2 (228 (m-sec) 1 /2 )

Sorinkler Soacin~ 100 ft 2 (9.3 m 2) -

~.aag .cmmt Pendent

Ceiling Sprinkler System Details

Shelf Storage Arrangement and Total Flammable Liquid Fuel Load

1st Tier on Floor Two hundred and sixteen display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) plastic containers stacked two high on the shelf. Storage height on the shelf was 25 in. (.64 m).

Two hundred and sixteen display cut 1 gal (3.79 L) plastic containers 25 in. (.64 m).

Total: 432 gal (1635 L) of mineral spirits.

In-rack Sprinkler Type and No. of Levels

Orifice Size 17/32 in. (13.5 mm)

K-~actor 8.0 (115)

Temperature Ratin~ 155°F (68°C)

Resnonse Time Index 50 (ft-sec) 1/2 (28 (m-sec) 1 /2

Sorinkler Soacin~z 8 ft 3 in. (2.52 m) at 38 in. (.97 m) deflector to floor

Arrangement Pendent

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6. Sprinkler S?~tem T~]oe: ~ret Pipe - SVater only

7. Fuel Quality, Gal. (L): 432 gal (1635 L) of mineral spirits.

8. Storage Height, In. (m): 67 in. (1.7 m)

9. Sprinkler Actuation:

No. of Operat ing Ceiling Sprinklers, Sprinkler No.

& Operat ing Times

15 Sprinklers Between 60 sec. and 72 sec.

10. Fire Controlled: No

11. Significant Observations:

Damage Assessment Approximately 100 containers partially mel ted a n d / o r leaked.

No. of Opera t ing In-rack Sprinklers, Operat ing

Times & Flow

2 at 27 sec. at 30 gpm (114 lpm)

Comnlen ts Test te rminated at 80 sec. AFFF added.

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N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

For the assistance of ,those reviewing the proposed amendments to Chapter 4 of the 1990 edition of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combus- tible Liquids Code, it is published here in its entirety, as it will appear in the 1993 edition of NFPA 30. The following incorporates all changes made to Chapter 4 by the Technical Committee Report and the Technical Committee Documentation. Bracketed numbers at the end of each paragraph refer to source paragraphs in the 1990 edition of NFPA 30.

Chapter 4 Container and Portable Tank Storage

4-1 Scope.

4-1.1 This chapter shall apply to the storage of liquids in d rums or odmr containers that do not exceed 60 gal (227 L) individual capacity and in portable ta rns that do no t exceed 660 gal (2498 L) individual capacity and to l imited transfers incidental thereto. For

ormble tanks tha t exceed 660 gal (2498 L), Chapter 2 shall apply. 1.1]

4-1.2 This chapter shall not apply to the following:

(a) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, reiineries, chemical pmnts, and ,tisdlleries.

(b) Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, or portable or stationary engines.

(c) Beverages, where packaged in individual containers that do not exceed 1 gal (3.8 L) capacity.

(d) Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other consumer products that contain not more than 5 0 p e r c e n t by volume of water-miscible liquids, with the rema.inder of tile solution no t being f lammable where packaged in individual containers that do not exceed 1 gal (3.8 L) capacity.

(e) Liquids that hm,e no fire poin t when tested by ASTM D92-78, Cleveland Open Cup T,'.st Method, up to file boiling point of the liquid or up to a tempera ture at which the sample being tested shows an obvious physical change.

(f) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks. [4-1.2]

4-1.3 For the purpose of this cbapter, unstable liquids shall be treated :ks Class IA licui .'Is. [4-1.3]

4-2 Design, Construction, and Capacity of Containers.

4-2.1 Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Metal containers and metal portable tanks meet ing the require- ments of, and conta in ing products author ized by, Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regmlations (U.S. Depar tment of Transporta t ion Hazardous Materials Regulations), Chapter 9 of die Un i t edNa t ions Rules for the Transpc)rtation of Dangerous Goods, or NFPA 386, Standard for Portable jhi t ping Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, shall be acceptable. Plastic containers meet ing the requi rements of, anc[ used for pe t ro leum products within tile scope of, one or more of the following specifications shall be acceptable:

(a) ANSI/ASTM D3435, Plastic Containers (]my. Cans) for Petroleum Products.

(h) ASTM F852, Standard for Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use.

(c) ASTM 17976, Standard for Portable Kerosine Containers for Consume; Use.

(d) ANSI/UL1313, Nonmetallic Safe~. Cans for Petroleum Products.

(e) Fiber d r u m s dnat:

(i) mee t tbe requi rements of Item 296 of the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) or Rule 51 of the Uniform Freight Classification (UFC) for Types 2A, 3A, 3B-H, 3B-L, or 4A and

(ii) mee t die reqt t i rements of and contain liquid products author ized either by Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal t~gulations (U.S. Depar tmen t of Transpor ta t ion Hazardous Materials

egulations) or by U. S. Depar tmen t of Transporta t ion exempt ion shall be acceptable. [4-2.1]

4-2.2 Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency vent ing capacity to limit internal pressure unde r fire exposure condit ions to 10 psig (68.9 kPa) or 30 percent of the burst ing pressure of the portable tank whichever is greater. The total vent ing capacity shall be not less than that specified in 2-3.5.4 or 2-3.5.6. At least one pressure- actuated vent having a m i n i m u m capacity of 6,000 c u f t ( 170 m 3) of free air per hour [ 14.7 psia (760 m m Hg) and 60°F (15.6°C) ] shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 psig (34.5 kPa). If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by e lements dlat operate at a t empera ture no t exceeding 300°F (148.9°C). Where plugging of a pressure-actuated vent can occur, sucb as when used for paints, drying oils, and similar materials, fusible plugs or vent ing devices that soften to failure at a m a x i m u m of 300°F (148.9°C) unde r fire exposure shall be permi t ted to be used for the entire emergency vent ing requirement . [4-2.2]

4-2.3 The m a x i m u m allowable size of a container or metal portable tank shall no t exceed that specified in Table 4-2.3.

Exception: As provided for in 4-2. 3.1, 4-2. 3. 2, and 4-2. 3.3. [ 4-2.3]

Table 4-2.3 Maximum Allowable Size of Containea~ and Portable Tanks

Flammable La q~n ds Comb/~s~able Liquids

Container T ~ e Class IA Class IB Class IC C1~11 Clas~III

Fibre Drum NMFC or UFC Type 2A, Type.s 3A. 3P.-H, or 3B-L, or Type 4A 60 gal 60 gad

Glass 1 pt 1 qt 1 gad 1 gal 5 gad Metal (other than DOT drums) or approved plasuc 1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gad

Safety Cans 2 gad 5 gad 5 gad 5 gal 5 gad Metal Drum (DOT Specificataon) 60 gal 60 gad 60 gad 60 gad 60 gal

Approved Metal Portable Tanl~ 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gad

Polyethylene DOT Spec. 34, UN 1H1, or as authonzed by DOT Exemphon 1 gad 5 ~ad 5 gal 60 l~ad 60 ~.'d

SIUmts lpt=0473L, lqt=095L;lgal 38L

4-2.3.1 Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other c o m m o n consumer products, where packaged according to commonly accepted practices for retail sales, shall be exempt f rom the requi rements of 4-2.1 and 4-2.3. [ 4-2.3.1 ]

4-2.3.2 U.S. Depar tmen t of Transpor ta t ion (DOT) Type III nonreusable polyethylene containers, constructed and tested in accordance with DOT specification 2U and treated if necessary to prevent permeat ion, shall be permi t ted to be used for storage of Class II and Class 111 liquids, in any capacity that does not exceed 2 1/2 gal (9.5 L). [4-2.3.2]

4-2.3.3 Class IA and Class IB liquids shall be permit ted to be stored in glass containers of not more than 1 gal (3.8 L) capacity, if the required liquid purity. (such a.s AC, S analytical reagent grade or higher) would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid can cause excessive corrosion of the metal container. [4-2.3.31

4-3 Design, Construction, and Capacity of Storage Cabinets.

4-3.1 Not more than 120 gal (454 L) of Class l, Class II, and Class I l ia liquids shall be stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total, no t more titan 60 gal (227 L) sball be of Class I and Class II liquids. Not more than three such cabinets shall be located in a single fire area, except that, in an industrial occupancy, additional cabinets shall be permit ted to be located in tile same fire area if the additional cabinet or group of not more than three cabinets is separated f rom odmr cabinets or groups of cabinets by at least 100 ft (30 m). [4-3.1 ]

4-3.2* Storage cabinets shall be des igned and constructed to limit the internal tempera ture at tile center, 1 in. (2.5 cm) f rom tile top, to not more than 325°F (162.8°C) when subjected to a 10-minute fire test with burners s imulat ing a room fire exposure us ing the

289

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

standard t ime-temperature curve as given in NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. All jo in ts and seams shall remain tight and the door shall remain securely closed dur ing the fire test. Cabinets shall be marked in conspicuous lettering: "FLAMMABLE - - KEEP FIRE AWAY."

The cabinet is not required to be vented for fire protect ion purposes; however, the following shall apply:

(a) If the cabinet is vented for whatever reasons, the cabinet shall be vented outdoors in such a m a n n e r that will no t compromise the specified per formance of dae cabinet, as acceptable to the authori ty having jurisdiction.

(b) If the cabinet is not vented, the vent openings shall be sealed with the bungs supplied with the cabinet or with bungs specified by the manufac ture r of the cabinet. [4-3.2]

4-3.2.1 Metal cabinets constructed in the following m a n n e r are acceptable. The bottom, top, door, and sides of the cabinet shall be at least No. 18 gage shee t steel and double walled with 1 1 /2 in. (3.8 cm) air space. Joints shall be riveted, welded, or made t ight by some equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three-point latch a r r angemen t and the door sill shall be raised at least 2 in. (5 cm) above the bot tom of the cabinet to retain spilled liquid within the cabinet. [4-3.2.1]

4-3.2.2 Wooden cabinets constructed in the following m a n n e r are acceptable. The bottom, sides, and top shall be constructed of exterior grade plywood at least 1 in. (2.5 cm) in thickness, which shall not break down or delaminate unde r fire conditions. All jo ints shall be rabbetted and shall be fastened in two directions with wood screws. Where more than one door is used, there shall be a rabbetted overlap of not less than 1 in. (2.5 cm). Doors shall be equipped with a means of latching, and h inges shall be constructed and moun ted in such a m a n n e r as to not lose their holding capacity when subjected to fire exposure. A raised sill or pan capable of containing a 2-in. (5-cm) depth of l iqnid shall be provioed at the bot tom of file cabinet to retain spilled liquid within the cabinet. {4-3.2.2]

4-3.2.3 Listed cabinets that have been constructed and tested in accordance with 4-3.2 shall be acceptable. [4-3.2.3]

4-4* Design, Construction, and Operation of Inside Liquid Storage Areas.

(See Section 1-2 for definitions. See Appendix A-44 for explana- tory informat ion on file types of inside liquid storage areas. See Appendix D for informat ion on protection criteria.)

44.1 Scope. Section 4 4 applies to inside areas where die pr imary funct ion is the storage of liquids. This shall include inside rooms, cut-off rooms, a t tached buildings, liquid warehouses, and hazardous material storage lockers that are used ,as inside storage areas. (See Section 4-5 for storage of liquids in other types of occupancies.)

44.2 Design and Construction Requirements.

4-4.2.1 All storage areas shall be constructed to meet the specified fire-resistance ratings in Table 4-4.2.1. Such construct ion shall comply widl the test specifications given in NFPA 251, ,Standard Metho(ls of FiTe Tests of Building Construction and Materials. [44. l. 1, 4-4.2.31

Table 44.2.1 Fire Resistance Ratings for Inside Storage Areas for Liquids and for Liqtiid Warehouses

Type of Storage Area Fire Resistance Rating, Hrs. Interigr Wallst,

Ceilings, Intermediate Exterior

Floors Roofs Wails

Inside Storage Rooms:

Floor area <150 ft2 1 Floor area >150 fi2 and <500 ft2 2

CutoffRooms and Attached Buildings:

Floor area <300 ft2 1 Floor area >300 fi2 2

Liquid Warehouses 44

SI Units: 1 sq. ft. = 0.09m 2

12 22

25 or 46

1Between liquid storage areas and any adjacent areas not dedicated to liquid storage. 2Roofs of a t tached buildings, one story in height, shall be permit ted to be of lightweight, noncombust ib le construct ion if the separating interior walls have m i n i m u m 3-ft (0.90-m) parapets. 3Where other port ions of buildings or other properties are exposed. 4This shall be a s tandard fire wall. 5For exposing walls dlat are located more than 10 ft (3 m) but less than 50 ft (15 m) t~om an impor tan t building or line of adjoining ~roperty that can be built upon.

For exposing walls that are located 10 ft (3 m) or less f rom an impor tan t bui lding or line of adjoining property that can be built upon.

[4-4.1.4, 4-4.2.2, 4-4.2.3, 44.2.6, 4-5.7.1, 4-5.7.2, 4-5.7.31

4-4.2.2 Openings in interior walls to adjacent rooms or buildings and openings in exterior walls with fire resistance ratings shall be provided with normally dosed, listed fire doors with fire-resistance ratings corresponding to the fire resistance rating of the w,'all as specified in Table 44.2.2. Such doors shall be permit ted to be ar ranged to stay open dur ing material hand l ing operat ions if the doors are des igned to close automatically in a fire emergency by provision of listed closure devices. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors arwl Fire Wirulows. [4-4.1.2(a), 4-4.2.2, 4-4.2.4, 4-5.7.1, 4-5.7.2, 4-5.7.3, 4-5.7.4(a), 4-5.7.51

Table 44.2.2 Fire Protection Ratings for Fire Doors

Fire Resistance Rating Fire Protection Rating of Wall 1, hrs. of Door, Hrs.

1 3/4

2 1

4 32

1 As required by Table 4-2.2.1. 2One fire door required on each side of interior openings for at tached liquid warehouses. See 44.2.3.

[Table 4-4.2.2, 44.1.2(a) , 4-4.2.2, 44.2.4, 4-5.7.1, 4-5.7.2, 4-5.7.3, 4-5.7.4 (a) ]

4-4.2.3 Communica t ing openings in fire walls separat ing liquid warehouses from adjacent building areas shall be protected by 3-hr fire doors on each side of the wall. [4-5.7.1, 4-5.7.4(a) 1

290

N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

4-4.2.4 Construct ion design of exterior walls shall provide ready accessibility for fire f ighting operat ions t h rough provision of access openings, windows, or l ightweight noncombust ib le wall panels. [4-4.2.11

Exception: This shall n~t aOply to inside rooms.

4-4.2.5 Where Class IA or Class IB liquids or unstable liquids are dispensed, or where Class IA liquids or unstable liquids are s tored in containers larger than one gallon (4L), the exterior wall or roof construct ion shall in(orpora te deflagration venting. (NFPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deaagrrations, provides informat ion on this subject.) [4-4.2.1, 4-4.2.11]

Exception: Inside storaEe 7voms need not comp~ with this requirement.

4-4.2.6 Except for drains, floors shall be liquidtight, and the storage area shall be l iquidtight where the walls jo in the floor. [4-4.1.1, 44.2.3]

4-4.2.7* Means shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquids unde r emergency condit ions into adjoining bui lding areas. This shall be accompl ished by providing one or a combinat ion of the following across tile entire width of each opening:

(a) Noncombust ible , ]tiquidtight raised sills, curbs, or ramps of suitable height.

(b) Open-grated trenches.

(c) Other means acceptable to the authori ty having jurisdiction.

Exception: This requir, mu~at shall not appl~ to areas where only Class III liquids are stored.

[44.1.2(b), 4-5.7.4(b) ]

4-4.2.8* Where automatic sprinkler protection is provided, in addit ion to the requ i rements of 4-4.2.7, means shall also be provided to prevent burn ing liquids f rom exposing other storage piles or racks and from exposing other impor tan t buildings, adjoining property, or critical natural resources.

Exception No. 1: This requirement shall not apply to areas where only the following are stored:

-Class lII liquids; -liquids that are heavier than water; -water-miscible liquid..:; -liquids havinf; visco~.ities greater than 10,000 centipoise.

Exception No. 2: This requirement shall not apply to areas where fire protection is provided t~ non-water extinguishing systems, such as total flooding CO 2, high expansion foam, or AFFE.

[4-4.2.5, 4-5.7.14]

4-4.2.9 Electrical equ i pmen t and wiring in inside storage rooms used for the storage of Class I liquids shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 hazardou,; (classified) locations. Electrical equ ipmen t and wiring in inside storage rooms used for the storage of only Class II and Class III liquids shall be suitable for general purpose use. (See NFPA 70, Nati~nalElectrical Code(~_, for information on the design and installation of electrical wiring and equipment . ) [44.L51

4-4.2.10 Where Gl~,;s I liquids are dispensed or where Glass II or Class III liquids at t~ mpera tures at or above their flash points are dispensed, electrica I equ ipmen t and wiring shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 hazardous (classified) locations. In addition, electrical equ ipmen t and wiring located within 3 ft (0.9 m) of d ispensing nozzles shall be suit~tble for Glass I, Division 1 hazardous (classified) locations. (See NFF'A 70, NationalElectrical Code, for fur ther information.) [44,1.5]

4-4.2.11 Liquid storage areas where d ispensing is conduc ted shall be provided with either a gravity or a con t inuous mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be used if Glass I liquids are dispensed within the room. [4-4.1.6, 4-4.2.11]

(a) Exhaust air shall be taken from a point near a wall on one side of the room and within 12 in. (30 cm) of file floor with one or more make-up inlets loca~:ed on the opposite side of the room within 12 in. (30 cm) of the floor. The location of both the exhaust and inlet

air openings shall be a r ranged to provide, as far as practicable, air movements across all port ions of the floor to prevent accumulat ion of f lammable vapors. Exhaust f rom die room shall be directly to the exterior of the building without recirculation.

Exception: Recirculation is permitted where it is monitored continuous~ using a fail-safe system that is designed to automaticall~ sourut an alarm, stop recirculation, and provide full exhaust to the outside in the event that vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit are detected. I f ducts are used, the~ shall not be used for an~ other purpose and shall comp~ with NFPA ~I, Standard for Exhaust S3stoms for Air Conveying of Materials. I f make-up air to a mechanical system is taken from within the building, the opening shall be equipped with afire door or damper, as required in NFPA 91. Standard for Exhaust ,~stoms for Air Conveying of Matorials. For gravity systems, the make-up air shall he supplied from outside the building.

(b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide at least 1 cubic foot per minute of exhaust per square foot of floor area (1 m 3 per rain per 3 m2), but not less than 150 cfm (4 m 3 per thin). The mechanical ventilation system for dispensing areas shall be equipped with an airflow switch or o ther equally reliable me thod that is interlocked to sound an audible alarm upon failure of the ventila- tion system.

4-4.2.12 In cut-off rooms and at tached buildings where dispensing of Class I liquids is permit ted and conducted, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with 44.2.10. [4-4.2.11 ]

4-4.3 General Storage Requirements .

4-4.3.1 The storage of any liquids shall no t physically obstruct means of egress. [4-5.1.1, 4-5.7.12]

4-4.3.2 Wood at least 1 in. (2.5 cm) nomina l thickness shall be permit ted to be used for shelving, racks, dunnage , scuff'boards, floor overlay, and similar installations. [44.1.3, 4-4.2.9]

4-4.3.3 Where storage on racks exists as permit ted in dais code, a m i n i m u m 4-ft (1.2-m) wide aisle shall be provided between adjacent rack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a m i n i m u m of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. [4-5.7.12]

4-4.3.4 Solid pile and palletized storage in liquid warehouses shall be a r ranged so that piles are separated from each other by at least 4 ft (1.2m). Aisles shall be provided and so ar ranged that no container or portable tank is more than 20 ft (6 m) from an aisle. Main aisles shall be a m i n i m u m of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. [4-5.7.12]

4-4.3.5 Class I liquids shall no t be permi t ted in basemen t areas. Class II and Class IlIA liquids shall be permit ted to be s tored in basements provided that automat ic sprinkler protection and other fire protection facilities are provided in accordance with Section 4-8. [4-4.1.9, 4-4.2.12, 4-5.7.7]

4-4.3.6 Limited quantit ies of combustible commodit ies, as def ined in the scope of NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage, mad NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials, shall be permit ted to be stored in liquid storage areas if the ordinary combustibles, other than those used for packaging the liquids, are separated from the liquids in storage by a m i n i m u m of 8 ft (2.4m) horizontally, either by aisles or by open racks, and if protectioi~ is provided in accordance with Section 4-8. [4-5.7.8, 4-6.4]

4-4.3.7 Storage of empty or idle combust ible pallets inside an unpro tec ted liquid storage area shall be limited to a m a x i m u m pile size of 2500 sq ft (232 m z) and to a m a x i m u m storage height of 6 ft ( l .8m). Storage of empty or idle combust ible pallets inside a protected liquid storage area shall comply with NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage Pallet storage shall be separated f rom liquid storage by aisles that are at least 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. [4-5.7.9]

4-4.3.8 Containers in piles shall be stacked in such m a n n e r as to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be des igned to nest securely, without dunnage . (See NFPA 386, Standard for Portable ,Shipping Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, for information on portable tank design.) Materials handl ing equ ipmen t shall be suitable to handle containers and tanks safely at the upper tier level. [4-5.7.10]

4-4.3.9 Containers or portable tanks in unpro tec ted liquid storage areas shall no t be s tored closer than 36 in. (0.90 m) to the nearest beam, chord, girder, or o ther roof member . [4-5.7.11 ]

291

N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

4-4.4 Allowable Quantities and Storage Heights.

4-4.4.1 Except as provided for in 4-4.4.2 th rough 4-4.4.4, storage of liquids shall comply with Table 44.4(a) for unpro tec ted storage or widl Tables 4-4.4(b) and 4-4.4(c) for protected storage. Where storage of liquids is protected, the protect ion shall mee t the requirements of Section 4-8. [4-4.2.7, 44.2.8, 4-5.7.6, 4-6.1,4-6.1.1]

Exception*: Other quantities and arrange~rwnts of storage shall be permitted to be used where the storage is suitabl~ protected and approved ~ the authority having jurisdiction.

Table 4-4.4(a) Indoor Unprotec ted Storage o f Liquids in Containers and Portable Tanks

Container Storage Portable Tank Storage Max. Pile Max. Quant. Max. Total Max. Pile Max. Quant. Max. Total

Cla~ Height {ft) per Pile (gal) Quant. (gal)* Height (ft) per Pile (gal) Quant. (~ai)* IA 5 660 660 - - Not Permit ted --

I B 5 1,375 1,375 7 2,000 2,000

IC 5 2,750 2,750 7 4,000 4,000

11 10 4,125 8,250 7 5,500 11.000

l l IA 15 13,750 27,500 7 22,000 44,000

IIIB 15 13,750 55,000 7 22,000 88,000

SI Units: 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 gal = 3.8 L. *Applies only to cutoff rooms and at tached buildings.

Table 4-4.4(b) Storage Arrangements for Protected Palletized or Solid Pile Storage of Liquids in Containers and Portable Tanks

Storage Max. Storage Height (ft) Max. Quantity per Pile (gal.) Max. Quantity (gal)** Class Level Containers Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanks

IA G r o u n d Floor 5 - - 3,000 - - J 2,000 U p p e r Floors 5 -- 2,000 - - 8,000

Basements ~ N o t Permit ted . . . . . m

IB G r o u n d Floor 61/2 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 Uppe r Floors 61/2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000

Basements ~ N o t Permit ted . . . . . .

IC G r o u n d Floor 61/2 * 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 Uppe r Floors 61/~ * 7 3,000 10,000 [2,000 20,000

Basements ~ N o t Permit ted . . . . . .

II Ground Floor l0 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80.000 Uppe r Floors I0 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000

Basements 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000

III G r o u n d Floor 20 14 15.000 60,000 55,000 100,000 Upper Floors 20 14 15,000 60,000 55,000 100,000

Basements 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000

SlUni ts : 1 f t = 0 . 3 0 m ; l g a l = 3 . 8 L . *These he ight limitations shall be permi t ted to be increased to 10 ft. for containers of 5 gal capacity or less. See Table D-4-6.2.2. **Applies only to cutoff rooms and at tached buildings. NOTE: See Section 4-6 for protect ion requi rements as applicable to this type of storage.

292

N F P A 30 1 A 9 3 T C D

Table 4-4.4(c) Storage Arrangements for Protected Rack Storage of Liquids in Containers

Max. Max. Storage Quantity

(gal) 2~ Type Storage Height (ft) Class Rack Level Containers Containers

Double Row G r o u n d Floor 25 7,500 IA or U p p e r Floor 15 4,500

Single Row Basements Not Permit ted - -

IB Double Row G r o u n d Floor 25 15,000 or Uppe r Floor 15 9,000

IC Single Row Basements Not Permit ted - -

Double Row G r o u n d Floor 25 24,000 II or U p p e r Floor 25 24,000

Single Row Basements 15 9,000

Multi-Row G r o u n d Floor 40 55,000 II I Double Row Uppe r Floor 20 55,000

or Single Row Basements 20 25.000

SI Units: 1 ft = 0.30 tit; 1 gal = 3.8 L. NOTE 1: See Section 4-6 for protect ion requ i rements as applicable to this type of storage. NOTE 2: Max imum quant i ty allowed on racks in cutoff rooms and at tached buildings (sce 4-4.2). NOTE 3: M a x i m u m quanti ty allowed per rack section in liquid warehouses (see 4-5. 7).

4-4.4.2 Storage in inside rooms shall mee t the requi rements specified in Table 4-4.4.2. In addition, containers over 30 gal (1 13.5 L) capacity that contz.in Class 1 or Class II liquids shall n o t b e stored more than one conta,tner h igh in inside rooms. [44.1.4, 44.1.7]

Table 4-4.4.~ Storage Limitations for Inside Rooms

Total Floor Automat ic Fire Total Allowable Quanti ty Area Protection (gallons per sq ft (sq ft) Provided? 1 of floor area)

_<150 No 2 Yes 5

>150 and <1500 No 42 Yes 10

SI Units: 1 sq ft = G.09 m2; 1 gal = 3.8 L.

NOTE 1: The fire protect ion system shall be automat ic sprinklers, water spray, carbon ~ioxide, dry chemical, or o ther approved system. (See 4-8.) NOTE 2: Total allo~able quanti t ies of Class IA and IB liquids shall no t exceed the quanti t ies permit ted in Table 4-4.4(a) or daose permit ted by 44.4.4.

4-4.4.3 Unprotec ted storage of liquids in racks shall no t exceed the m a x i m u m total quar~tities allowed by Table 4-4.4(a). Storage of liquids that are protected in accordance with Section 4-8 shall no t exceed die maximura total quanti t ies allowed by Table 44.4(c) . [4-5.7.61

Exception: Liquid wmehouses need not comp~ with this requirement.

4-4.4.4 The total quanti ty of liquids stored in a liquid warehouse shall no t be restricted. However, the storage heigbts and m a x i m u m quanti ty per pile shall comply with Tables 4~1.4(a), 4-4.4(b), and 4-4.4(c), whichever is applicable.

Exception: An unproteeted liquid warehouse that is located a minimum of lOO f l (30 m) from exposed buildings or any property line that is or can be built upon need not comply with Table 4-4.4(a) i f there is protection for exposures. Where protcction for exposures is not provided, this minimum distance shall be increc'~ed to 200 f l (61 m).

4-4.4.5 Where two or more classes of liquids are s tored in a single pile or rack section, file m a x i m u m total quanti ty and the m a x i m u m storage he igh t permi t ted in that pile or rack section shall be the smallest of the individual m a x i m u m total quanti t ies and m a x i m u m storage heights for the specific classes present, respectively. The m a x i m u m total quanti ty permit ted shall be limited to a stun of the proportion,at a m o u n t s that each class of liquid present bears to the m a x i m u m total quanti ty permit ted for its respective class. The sum of the proport ional amoun t s shall no t exceed 100 percent . [4-4.2.10, 4-5.7.13]

Exception: The maximum total quantities in liquid warehouses stutll not be restricted. (See 4-4.4.3.)

4-4.5 Operations,

4-4.5.1 Dispensing of Class I liquids or Class II or Class III liquids at temperatures at or above their flash points shall no t be permit ted in cut-off rooms or a t tached buildings that exceed 1000 sq ft (93 m 2) in floor area or in liquid warehouses unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off from die storage areas in accordance with Table 4-4.2.1 and meets ,all o ther requi rements of 4-4.2. [4-4.2.11]

4-4.5.2 Dispensing operat ions shall comply witll the applicable requi rements of Chapter 5. [4-4.1.8, 4-4.2.1, 4-4.2.11]

4-5 Requirements for Other Inside Storage Areas.

4-5.1 Basic Conditions.

4-5.1.1 Scope. Section 4-5 applies to areas where the storage of liquids is incidental and not the primary purpose of the area.

4-5.1.2 Where inside storage areas are required, alley shall mee t all applicable requi rements of Section 44. Where o ther factors substantially increase or decrease the hazard, the authori ty having jurisdict ion shall be permi t ted to modify the quanti t ies specified. [4-5.1.21

4-5.1.3 Storage of liquids shall no t physically obstruct a means of egress. Class I liquids shall be so placed that a fire in the liquid storage would not prevent egress f rom the area. [4-5.1.1]

4-5.1.4 Liquids used for building main tenance , painting, or o ther similar inf requent ma in tenance purposes shall be permi t ted to be stored temporari ly in closed containers outside of storage cabinets or inside storage areas, if l imited to an an loun t that does not exceed a 10<tay supply at ant icipated rates of use. [4-5.1.3]

4-5.1.5 Class I liquids shall no t be s tored in basements .

Exception: As provided for in 4-5.6. [4-5.1.4]

4-5.2 General-Purpose Warehouses. (See Section 1-2, Definitions.)

4-5.2.1 General-purpose warehouses storing liquids (as def ined in this code) shall be separate, de tached buildings or shall be separated from other occupancies by a s tandard 4-hr fire wall or, if approved, by a fire partition having a fire resistance rating of no t less than 2-hr. Each opening shall be protected as provided for in 44.2.2. [4-5.6.1 ]

4-5.2.2 Warehous ing operations that involve storage of liquids shall be restricted to inside storage areas in accordance with Section 44.

Exception: As provided for in 4-5.2.3. [4-5.6.2]

4-5.2.3 Class IB and IC liquids in containers of 1 gal (3.8 L) or less capacity, Class II liquids in containers of 5 gal (18.9 L) or less capacity, and Class III liquids in containers of 60 gal (227 L) or less capacity shall be permit ted to be s tored in warehouses that handle combustible commodit ies, as def ined in NFPA 231, Stanclardfor General Storage, provided tha t the storage area is protected with automatic sprinklers in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 231 for 20 ft (6 m) h igh storage of Class IV commodi t ies and the quanti t ies and he igh t of liquid storage are l imited to:

(a) Class ltkliquids: not permitted;

(b) Classes IB & IC: 660 gal (2498 L), m a x i m u m 5 ft (1.5 m) high;

(c) (-',lass II: 1375 gal (5204 L), m a x i m u m 5 ft (1.5 m) high;

(d) Class IIIA: 2750 gal (10 409 L), m a x i m u m 10 ft (3.0 m) high;

(e) Class IIIB: 13,750 gal (52 044 L), m a x i m u m 15 ft (4.6 m) high.

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N F P A 30 ~ A 9 3 T C D

The liquid storage shall also comply with 4-5.2.4 through 4-5.2.9. [4-5.6.31

4-5.2.4 Liquids in Plastic Containers. Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containers shall not be stored in general-purpose warehouses, but shall be stored in inside liquid storage areas that meet the requirements of Section 4-4. [4-5.6.4]

Exception No. 1: The following liquids, packaged in plastic containers, shall be permitted to be stored in general.purpose warehouses in accordance with the prbtection arm storage limitations .specified in 4-5.2..3 as follows:

(a) Products containing not more than 50percent by volurne of water- miscible liquids, with the remainder of the solution not being a Class I liquid, where packaged in individual containers:

(b) Products containing more than 50percent water-miscible liquids in individual containers not exceeding 16 oz. (0.5 L) capaci~.

Exc~.tion No. 2". Class. 1 and Class II liquids in p .lastic containers, shall be perm~ttM to be stored tn a general purpose warehouse i f the packaKmg systems are listed and labeled for use with these materials. Alg other prov~sions of 4-5.2 shall also app,.

4-5.2.5 Palletized, Solid Pile, or Rack Storage. Liquids in containers shall be permitted to be stored on pallets, in solid piles, or on racks, subject to the maximum total quantity and maximmn storage height provisions of 4-5.2.3, provided the storage is protected in accordance with Section 4-8, as applicable. [4-5.6.6]

4-5.2.6 Basement Storage Areas. Storage of liquids in basement areas of general purpose warehouses shall only be permitted as provided for in 4~.3.6. [4-5.6.5]

4-5.2.7 Mixed Liquid Storage. Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile or single rack section, the maximum total quantity and maximum storage height permitted shall be as provided for in 4-4.4.4. [4-5.6.8]

4-5.2.8 Separation and Aisles. Storage of liquids in general purpose warehouses shall be arranged as provided for in 4-4.3.3 and 4-4.3.4. [4-5.6.7]

4-5.2.9 Liquids and Ordinary Combustible Storage. The following applies to die storage of liquids and ordinary combustible commodi- ties:

(a) Liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or in the same rack sections as ordinary combustible commodities [see 4-5.2.9(b)]. Where liquids are packaged together with ordinary combustibles, as in kits, die storage shall be considered on the basis of whichever commodity predominates.

(b) Except as provided for in 4-5.2.9(a), ordinary combustible commodities shall be separated from liquids in containers by a minimum distance of 8 ft (2.4 m). [4-5.6.7, 4-5.6.8]

4-5.2.10 Operations. Dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in general purpose warehouses shall not be permi t ted unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off f rom other ordinary combustible or liquid storage areas, as specified in 4-4.2, and otherwise complies wittl the applicable provisions of Section 4-4.2. [4-7.3]

4-5.3 Dwellings and Residential Buildings Containing Not More than Three Dwelling Units and Accompanying Attached and Detached Garages. Storage in excess of 25 gal (94.6L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be prohibited. In addition, storage in excess of 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIiA liquid shall be prohibited. [4-5.2]

4-5.4 Assembly Occupancies, Buildings Containing More than Three Dwelling Units, and Hotels. Storage in excess of 10 gal (37.8L) of Class I mad Class II liquids combined or 60 gal (227L) of Class IliA liquids shall be in containers stored in storage cabinets, in safety cans, or in an inside storage area that does not have openings that communicate with that portion of the building used by the public. [4-5.31

4-5,5 Office, Educational, and Institutional Occupancies. The following requirements shall apply to office, educational, and institutional occupancies. [4-5.4]

4-5.5.1 Storage shall be limited to that required for operation of office equipment, maintenance, demonstration, and laboratory work. This storage shall comply with the provisions of 4-5.5.2 through 4-5.5.5, except that the storage for industrial and educa-

tional laboratory work shall comply with NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. [4-5.4]

4-5.5.2 Containers of Class I liquids that are stored outside of an inside storage area shall not exceed a capacity of 1 gal (3.8 L).

Exception: Safe~ cans shall be permitted up to a 2-gal (7. 6-L ) capacity. [4-5.4.1]

4-5.5.3 Not more dlan 10 gal (37.8 L) of Class I and Class 11 liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area outside of a storage cabinet or an inside storage area unless in safety cans. [4-5.4.2]

4-5.5.4 Not more than 25 gal (94.6 L) of Class I and (3lass II liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area in safety cans outside of an inside storage area or storage cabinet. [4-5.4.3]

4-5.5.5 Not more than 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIIA liquids shall be stored outside of an inside storage area or storage cabinet. [4-5.4.4]

4-5.6 Mercantile Occupancies. [4-5.5]

4-5.6.1" In storage and display areas that are accessible to die

~i ublic, file storage of Class I, Class II, and Class IIIA liquids shall be mited to die quantities needed for display, storage, and normal

merchandising purposes, but in no case shall exceed the quantities stated in the following:

(a) In protected storage and display areas, the total aggregate uantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and IIIA liquids in any combination lall not exceed 4 gal per sq ft (162 L per m 2) of gross floor area, up

to a maximum total quantity of 7,500 gal (28 388 L). Tbe total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L).

(h) In unprotected ground floor storage and displayareas, the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, If, and IIIA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L per m2) of gross floor area, up to a maximum total quantity of 7,500 gal (28 388 L). The total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L).

(c) In unprotected storage and display areas on floors other than the ground floor, the total aggregate quantity, of Classes IB, IC, II, and IIIA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 1 gal per sq ft (40 L per m 2) of gross floor area. Tbe storage of Class IA liquids in such areas shall be prohibited.

(d) For the purpose of 4-5.6.1(a), "protected" shall mean protected with automatic sprinklers that are, as a minimum, installed in accordance with NP~A 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancies.

(e) For the purposes of 4-5.6.1 (a), (b), and (c), "gross floor area," used for computing die maximum quantity of liquid that can be stored, shall mean that portion of the floor actually being used for merchandising of these liquids and the immediately adjacent aisle spaces. [4-5.5.1 ]

(f) Where the storage arrangements, the sprinkler system design criteria, or other means of protection ,are based on fire test da ta , the maximum total quantifies given in (a), (b), and (c) above shall be permitted to be doubled. (For additional guidance on recom- mended protection, see Appendix D.)

4-5.6.2 In storage areas that are not accessible to the public, the storage of Glass I, Glass II, and Glass I l i a liquids shall not exceed the amounts stated in the following:

(a) In storage areas diat are protected in accordance with 4-5.6.1 (d), die total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and iliA liquids in any combination shall not exceed 7,500 gal (28 388 L). The total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L). Glass ia liquids shall not be stored in basements. /4-5.a.2]

(b) In unprotec ted storage areas, die total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and I l ia liquids in any combination shall not exceed the amounts given in 4-5.6.1 (b) or 4-5.6.1 (c), whichever is applicable.

(c) Where die storage arrangements, die sprinkler system design criteria, or other means of protection are based on fire test da ta , the maximum total quantities given in (a) and (b) above shall be permitted to bedoub led . (For additional guidance on recom- mended protection, see Appendix D.)

294

N F P A 30 1 A 9 3 T C D

4-5.6.3 Quanti t ies in excess of those permi t ted in 4-5.6.2 shall be stored in accordance with other appropriate sections of this code. I4-5.5.31

4-5.6.4 Containers shall not be stacked more than 3 ft (0.90 m) or 2 containers high, whichever is the greater, unless placed on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. [4-5.5.41

4-,~.6.5 Shelving shall be of stable construct ion and of sutt icient depth and a r r angemen t such that containers displayed thereon shall no t easily be displaced. [4-5.5.5]

4-5.6.6 Leaking cont:dners shall be removed immediately to an adequately venti lated area, and the contents t ransferred to an u n d a m a g e d container. [4-5.5.6]

4-6 Hazardous Materials Storage Lockers. [4-9}

4-6.1 Hazardous materials storage lockers that are used as inside rooms shall be considered inside rooms and shall mee t the requi rements for inside rooms as set forth in Section 4-4, as applicable. [4-4.1 ]

4-6.2 Subsections 4-6.3 :and 4-6.4 shall apply to storage of f lammable and combustible liquids in containers, in hazardous material storage lockers (hereinafter referred to as lockers) which are located outside. [4-9.1]

4-6.3 The design and construct ion of a locker shall meet all applicable local, state, and federal regatiations and requi rements and shall be subject to the approval of the anthori ty having jurisdiction. Mo~tble prefabricated structures that have been examined, listed, or labeled by an organization acceptable to die authori ty having jurisdict ion for use ,x,; a hazardous materials storage facility shall be acceptable.

4-6.3.1 Lockers governed by this s tandard shall no t exceed 1500 sq ft ( 139 m 2) gross floor area. Vertical stacking of lockers shall not be permit ted.

4-6.3.2 Where electrical wiring and equ ipmen t is required, it shall comply with 44.2.9 of this code.

4-6.3.3 Where d ispensing or filling is permi t ted inside a locker, operat ions shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 5.

4-6.3.4 Ventilation shall be provided in accordmlce with 4-4.2.10.

4-6.3.5 Spill or Leakage Control. Lockers shall include a spill con ta inmen t system to prevent the flow of liquids f rom the structure unde r emergency conditions. The con t a inmen t system shall have sufficient capacity to contain 10 pe rcen t of the volume of containers allowed or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater.

4-6.4 Designated sites shall be provided for file location and use of lockers and shall be subject to the approval of the audmri ty having jurisdiction. The designated sites shall be a r ranged to provide at least the m i n i m u m separation distance between individual lockers, distance f rom locker to property line that is or can be built upon, and distance f rom locker to nearest side of public ways or to impor tan t buildings on the same property, as given in Table 4-6.4 and explanatory notes 1, 2, 3, and 4, as applicable.

4-6.4.1 Once the designated site is approved, it shall not be changed widlout the approval of the authori ty having jurisdiction.

4-6.4,2 More than one locker shall be permit ted on a designated site, provided tilat separation distance between individual lockers is main ta ined in accordance with Table 4-6.4.

4-6.4.3 Tile approved designated storage site shall be protected f rom tamper ing or trespassing where the area is accessible to the general public.

4-6.4.4 Storage Practices.

4-6.4.4.1 Containers of liquid in their original sh ipping packages shall be permi t ted to be stored either palletized or solid piled. Unpackaged containers shall be permit ted to be s tored on shelves or directly on tile floor of the locker. Containers over 30 gal (113.5 L) capacity storing Class I or Class II liquids shall no t be s tored more than two containers high. In all cases, the storage a r r an g em en t shall provide unrestr ic ted access to and egress f rom the locker.

Table 4-6.4 Designated Sites

Distance from Locker Distance from Locker to Nearest Side

to Property Line of Public Ways or Area of Designated Distance between that Is or Can Be to Important Bui ldings

Site (1) Individual Lockers Built Upon (2) on Same Property (2) (3) (sq ft) fit) fit) fit)

-< 100 5 10 5 > 10(~ <- 500 5 20 10 > 506,-< 1500(4) 5 30 20

Notes:

(1) Site area limit:; are in tended to differentiate the relative size and thus the n u m b e r of lockers that are permit ted in one designated site. (2) Distances apply to propert ies that have protection for exposures, as defined. If there are exposures and such protect ion for exposures does

not exist, the distances shall be doubled. (3) Where tile exposed bui lding has an exterior wall, facing the designated site, that has a fire resistance rating of at least 2 h r and has no

openings to aboveg~-ade areas within 10 ft (3 m) horizontally and no openings to belowgrade areas within 50 ft (15 m) horizontally of tile des ignated area, the distances can be reduced to half of those shown in tile table, except they shall never be less than 5 ft (1.5 m).

(4) Where a single locker has a gross single story floor area that will require a site area limit of Izreater than 1500 sq ft (139 m2) or where muln l eun t t s exce , d t h e a r e a h m l t o f l 5 0 0 s ft 139m2 t h e a u t h o r l t ha n u n lC "p " _~ " " q ( ), " y vi g j "sd" tion shall 'be consul ted for approval of distances.

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4-6.4.4.2 No other f lanlmable or combustible material storage shall be permit ted within the designated site approved for lockers.

4-6.4.4.3 Placarding or warning signs for lockers shall be in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal regulations or widl NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials.

4-7 Ou tdoor Storage. [4-8]

4-7.1 Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 4-7 and 4-7.1. l th rough 4-7.1.4 and 4-7.2 th rough 4-7.4.

4-7.1.1 Where two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the m a x i m u m gallonage in tha t pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages.

4-7,1.2 No container or portable t~mk in a pile shall be more than 200 ft (60 m) from a 12-ft (3.6-m) wide access way to permi t approach of fire control apparatus unde r all weather conditions.

4-7.1.3 The distances listed in Table 4-7 apply to propert ies that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in colunm 4 shall be doubled.

4-7.1.4 Where total quanti ty stored does not exceed 50 percent of m a x i m u m per pile, the distances in co lumns 4 and 5 shall be permit ted to be reduced 50 percent , bu t no t to less than 3 ft (0.90 m).

4-7.2 A m a x i m u m of 1100 gal (4163 L) of liquids in closed containers and portable tanks shall be permit ted to be s tored adiacent to a building u n d e r the same m a n a g e m e n t provided flint:

(a) The adjacent building wall has an exterior fire resistance rating of 2 hourS,

(b) There are no openings to areas at grade or above grade that are within 10 ft (3 m) horizontally of the storage,

(c) There are no openings directly above the storage, and

(d) There are no openings to areas below grade within 50 ft ( 15 m) horizontally of the storage.

Exception: The above provisions are not necessa~ i f the building in question is limited to one story, is of fire-resistive or noncombustible construction, is devoted principally to the storage of liquids, and is acceptable to the authorit~ having jurisdiction.

4-7.2. i The quanti ty of liquids stored adjacent to a bui lding protected in accordance with 4-7.2 shall be permit ted to exceed that permit ted in 4-7.2, provided the m a x i m u m quanti ty per pile does not exceed 1100 gal (4163 L) and each pile is separated b y a 10-ft (3-m) m i n i m u m clear space a long the c o m m o n wall.

4-7.2.2 Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1100 gal (4163 L) permit ted adjacent to fire building given in 4-7.2, or the provisions of 4-7.2 canno t otherwise be met, a m i n i m u m distax~ce in accordance with co lumn 4 of Table 4-7 shall be main ta ined between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank.

4-7.3 The storage area shall be graded in a masmer to divert possible spills away f rom buildings or other exposures or shall be su r rounded by a curb at least 6 in. (15 cm) high. Where curbs are used, provisions shall be made for dra in ing of accumulat ions of g ro u n d or rain water or spills of liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operat ion unde r fire conditions.

4-7.4 Tbe storage area shMI be protected against t amper ing or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris, and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage.

4-8 Fire Protection and Control. [4-6, 4-7]

4-8.1 Scope. Section 4-8 shall apply to all storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks as specified in Sections 4-2 th rough 4-7.

48 .2 Where automatic sprinklers are used, they shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkh'r Systems, and approved by the authori ty having jurisdiction. (For additional information, see Appendix D.) [4-4.1.1, 4-6.2]

48.2.1 Other systems such ~.s automatic foam-water s~ tems, automat ic water-spray systems, or o ther combinat ions of systems shall be permit ted if approved by die authori ty having jurisdiction. Such systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with the appropriate NFPA s tandard for the system selected. (For additional information, see Appendix D.) [ 4-4.4.1, 4-6.2.1 ]

Table 4-7 Outdoor Liquid Storage in Containers and Portable Tanks

2 3 4 5

Class

Container Storage-Max.

per Pile

Portable Tank Distance to Distance to Storage Max. Distance Property Line Street, Alley,

per Pile between Piles or that Can Be or a Public Way Gallons (1) Racks (ft) Built Upon (ft)(2)(3) (ft)(3)

Height Height Gallons (1) (4) (ft) Gallons (1) (4) fit)

IA 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 l0 IB 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 I0 IC 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5

SI l lnits: 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 gal = 3.8 L.

Notes: (1) See 4-7.1.1 regarding mixed class storage. (2) See 4-7.1.3 regarding protection for exposures. (3) See 4-7.1.4 for smaller pile sizes. (4) For storage in racks, the quant i ty limits per pile do no t apply, bu t the rack a r r a n g e m e n t shall be limited to a m a x i m u m of 50 ft (15 m) in

length and 2 rows or 9 ft (2.7 m) in depth.

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N F P A 30 - - A 9 3 T C D

4-8.2.2 In-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance widl the provisions of NFPA 2.31 C, Standard for Rack Storage of Material.~, except as modif ied by 4-8.2. Alternate lines of in-rack sprinklers shall be staggered. Multiple levels of in-rack sprinkler heads shall be provided with water .~hields unless otherwise separated by horizontal barriers or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. [4-6.51

4-8.3 Wbere storage on racks exist as permi t ted in dais code, racks storing Class I or Class II liquids shall be eidaer single-row or double- row as described in NFPA 231 C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials. [4-6.3]

4-8.4 Suitable fire e:¢tinguishers or p reconnec ted hose lines, either 1 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) l ined or 1-in. (2.5-cm) ha rd rubber, shall be

~ rovided where liquids are stored. Where 1 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) fire ose is used, it shall be installed in accordance witb NFPA 14,

Standard for the Insta,!lation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. [ 4-7.1 ]

4-8.4.1 At least one portable fire ext inguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 ft (3 m) from, the door open ing into any inside storage area. [4-7.1.1]

4-8.4.2 At least one portable fire ext inguisher having a rating of not less dmn 20-B shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m), nor more than 50 ft (15 m), f rom any Class I or Class II liquid storage ,area located outside of an inside storage area or liquid warehouse. [4-7.1.2]

4-8.5 In protected general purpose warehouses and in protected liquid storage areas, hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient n u m b e r to reach all liquid storage areas. [4-7.1.3]

4-8.6 The water supply shall be sufficient to meet die fixed fire protection d e m a n d , plus a total of at least 500 gal (1892 L) per minute for inside and outside hose lines. [See TablesD-4-b,2(a), (b), and (c).] [4-7.1.4]

4-8.7 Control of Ignition Sources. Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of f lammable vapors. Sources of ignition include but are not limited to: open flames; ligh~fing; smoking: cutt ing and welding; hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical, and mechanical sparks; spon taneous ignition, including heat- p roduc ing chemical reactions: and radiant heat. [4-7.2]

4-8.8 Materials with a water reactivity degree of 2 or h igher as out l ined in NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of ttw Fire Hazards of Materials, shall not be stored in the same area with other liquids. [4-7.4]

4-8.9 Power-operated industrial trucks used to move containers of Class I liquids shall be selected, maintained, and operated in accordance with NFPA 505, Fire Safe~ Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance, arm Operation. [4-7.5]"

4-8.10 Water-based fire protect ion systems shall be inspected, tested, and main ta ined in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testin& and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection S ) s ~ .

A-4-4.4.1, Exception. Other a r rangements include, but are not l imited to, increases in pile height, pile size, or m a x i m u m total qu,'mtity stored, or use of mult iple row racks or high-rise warehouses.

297

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PART III

(Log #4) 327- 1 - (Forward): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-3 RECOMMENDATION" Revise the second sentence of the four`dr paragraph ,as follows:

"Industry experts have noted that most fatalities resulted when working with tanks larger than 42 in. in diameter, without entry, " SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial for clarity. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Revise the sentence in quest ion to read: " . . . tanks larger than 42 in. in d iameter or in least d i m e n s i o n . . . "

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee ' s original version of this text was worded exactly as desired by the submitter. However, it was noted at tile t ime of tile draft ing of the Foreword that there are some u n d e r g r o u n d tanks that have rectilinear cross-section. The action taken here should mee t the in tent of the snbmitter.

(Log #9) 327- 2 - (1-2): Reject SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., (ASP, Rol f Jensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-6 RECOMMENDATION: Revise the text as follows:

1-2 Scope. T h e s e . . . that have conta ined f lanunable or combus- tible liquids, gases, or solids, and tha t migh t c o n t a i n . . 7 SUBSTANTLT~TION: Apparently, the Commit tee ' s intent was to include tanks that have held gases because the s tandard addresses tanks that have held gases in 2-1 and 3-2.1. Solids are likewise men t ioned in 2-1.2, 3-1.5 and %4. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: While the Commit tee does discuss and address gases, vapors, and solids in the requi rements of NFPA 327, strictly speaking, the scope of NFPA 327 is l imited to tanks that have held a f lammable liquid product . The gases and vapors are no t the material being stored, per se, they are a consequence of the presence of the liquid. The same applies to any solid sludges or residues left beh ind by the s tored liquid. It is no t within the scope of this Commit tee to develop cleaning requ i rements for vessels that hold gaseous or solid products, at least not at this point in time.

(Log #10) 327- 3 - (1-3): Reject SUBMITTERz James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Revise the text as follows:

"Flammable vapors. A material in the uaseous state that is capable of being i g n i t e d . . . " SUBSTANTIATION: The wording in the original s tandard is awkward and other s tandards do no t address the definit ion of f lammable vapors. However, the proposed wording deletes the awkward nature of referring to a f lammable vapor as "a substance that exists" to any material in the gaseous state. "Atmospheric temperature" is also awkward in that we may be trying to make a tank safer dur ing welding and cutting. COMMI'[TEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITI 'EE STATEMENT: T he language proposed by the submit ter is a more general definit ion that would be correct for both f lammable gases and f lammable vapors. It was the intent of the Commit tee to limit the terminology to vapor only. Also, c leaning operations involving tanks that have held f lammable gases, com- pressed natural gas, tot example, are not within the scope of NFPA 327 and should not be included in the definitions.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Revise this text to read as follows: "Tanks or containers that have held h igh flash poin t liquids can

become hazardous dur ing cutt ing or welding operations. Special precaut ions migh t be necessary in such cases."

N u m b e r this text "A-2-3" and place an asterisk after "2-3" in the body of the text. Redesignate as Appendix B the current Appendix A that appears in the TCR version. COMMIT-fEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee a~rees with the submit ter ' s s ta tement of problem, but feels tha t ~l~e text is impor lant and should be retained. It will be relocated to an Appendix and has been reworded for addit ional clarity.

(Log #5) 327- 5 - (3-2.2): Reject SUBMITTER: . lames G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., hu-. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Revise the text as follows:

"3-2.2 Displacement with Air. Gas or vap_9_£ freeing may b e . . . " SUBSTANTIATION: This wording is to remain parallel with the Commit tee ' s stated intent to call f lammable vapors 'X, apors" rather than gas. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The accepted terminolog T ill the industry for this operation is "g,-~s freeing". The Commit tee prefers to retain the wording so as not to cause any confusion.

(Log #3) 327- 6 - (3-3.4): Hold for Fur ther Study SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the following text:

"3-3.4 Wl,c . . . . ~cl~s ,~ ,b , ,~ dl ,xld~, ~a~ I,-,, t , , ~ ~ ~_ . . . . i d

~ ' ¢ e - . , d , , , - , f s~d¢ ¢lcczddty. Portable carbon dioxide . . . " UBSTANTIATION: We know of no feasible means to reduce the

pressure of carbon dioxide flow to eliminate a static charge. COMMrrrEE ACTION: Hold for Fur ther Study. COMM1TrEE STATEMENT: Strictly speaking, the delet ion proposed by the Submit ter is new material. The only change made to the 1987 version of "dais language was the addit ion of the word "fire" ira the second sentence. Consistent with the precautionary s ta tements in Section 6-3 of NFPA 77, R e c o m m e n d e d Practice on Static Electricity, the problem identified by the Submitter is the result of liquid carbon dioxide being discharged at high pressure th rough an orifice.

The Commit tee will study this issue in more depth and will provide addit ional guidance in the next edition of NFPA 327.

(Log #7) 327- 7 - (3-3.7): Hold for Further Study SUBMITTER: J ames G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Delete the following words from 3-3.7:

" . . . of inhalat ion of inert gas if t,o~ d-- c . t U is ~,,~ss~blc." SUBSTANTIATION: This is the only reference to partial entry. The scope of the revised s tandard does not permit entry. COMMITTEE ACTION: Hold fo r Further Study. COMMI'I"rEE STATEMENT: This delet ion proposed by tile Submitter constitutes new material, since Subsection %3.7 was not changed from the 1987 edition. The Commit tee will study fur ther this issue and will provide a m e n d e d language, if appropriate, in the next edition of NFPA 327.

(Log #6) 327- 4 - (2-3.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, Rol fJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Delete 2-3.1. SUBSTANTIATION: T he paragraph has no requi rements and should be deleted.

327- 8 - (3-4): Reject (l,og #8) SUBMITTER: J ames G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-17 RECOMMENDATION; Revise the text as follows:

".3-4 R e m o v a l . . . taken. As a min imum, a cont inuous air purge equivalent to one air change per minute , or an inert "

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SUBSTANTIATION: We r e c o m m e n d a definitive purge rate. Consider ing that NFPA 327 is a "Standard", an ambiguous "continu- ous air purge" is likely to be inadequate. . One air change, per minute should be more than adequate m all cases to remain below 25% of the LFL. C O M M I T r E E ACTION: Reject. COMMI'iSrEE STATEMENT: Tiffs r ecommenda t ion canno t be justif ied and would be very impractical in the field. Most of the tanks daat will be covered by dais d o c u m e n t are in the 6,000 to 12,000 gallon range and have openings no larger than 3 inches or 4 inches. The velocity of such a large volume of air flowing th rough such a small orifice would lead to unsafe condit ions widain the tank. The submit ter is rent inded that the language in Section 3 4 is no t an alternative to c leaning of the tank, but precautions that mus t be taken due to the likely presence of material that cannot be removed, such as liquid or vapor that "bleeds" slowly f rom interior scale.

The Commit tee on Tank Leakage and Repair Safeguard notes the following errors in NFPA 327, Standard Procedures for Cleaning or Safeguarding Small Tanks and Containers Without Ent~. In Subsection 3-4.2.3, the correct concent ra t ion shou ld read "2 to 4 oz/gal (15 to 30 g rams /L)" . In Subsection 3-4.2.8, the correct concentra t ion should read "6 oz/gal (45 grams/L)" .

In Section 2-3, the second sen tence should read: "MI work shall be s topped immediate ly if the concentra t ion of

f lammable vapors exceeds 10 percent o f the lower f lammable limit."

(Log #1 ) 327- 9 - (3-4.2.2): Accept SUBMITTER: J ames G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJeusen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"3-4.2.2 Drain the tank or container." SUBSTANTIATION: This is a typographical error. COMMITI 'EE ACTION: Accept.

(Log #2) 327- 10- (Chapter 4): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327-22 RECOMMENDATION: Move Chapter 4 to die Appendix. SUBSTANTIATION: Chapter 4 does not appear ,as enforceable text. Explanatory material is better placed in the Appendix. C O M M r I T E E A C ' I I O N : Accept in Principle.

Revise Chapter 4 to read as follows: Cbapter 4 Test ing Procedures. 4-1" Test ing for Flammability. 4-1.1 After cleaning, the interior of each tank or container shall be

tested for f lammable vapor concentrat ion to ensure that the cleaning procedures have been effective.

9 V 4-1., Dur ing entilation or air-purging of any tank or container, the f lammable vapor concentra t ion of tbe effluent shall be tested periodically for as long as ventilation or purg ing is in progress.

4-1.3 When testing a tank or container for hot work, any indication of f lammable gas or ~,apor shall require recleaning or fur ther safeguarding of the vessel by one of the me thods described in dais s tandard prior to pe r io rming any hot work.

4-1.4 All tests shall be done us ing a properly-calibrated combustible gas indicator. Test ing shall be done by a qualified operator.

4-2* Test ing for Oxygen Content . When testing for oxygen content, as for moni to r ing a tank or container that is being purged with inert gas, a properly-calibrated portable oxygen indicator shall be used. Test ing slaall be done by a qualified operator.

A-4-1 Test ing the interior of a tank or container for the presence of ignitable concentr.~tions of f lammable gas or vapor is file most impor tan t phase o f the cleaning procedure and de te rmines whether addit ional denn ing is. needed. Most combustible gas indicators measure the concentra t ion of vapor present as a percentage of the lower f lammable limit. Where concentra t ion of oxygen in a tank or container is less than about 5 percent byvolume, the reading will be in error, a l though for oxygen-lean atmospheres , the error will be on the high, or sate, side. It is essential that those us ing the indicator be well-trained in its use and calibration and that the ins t rument is in good operat ing condition. Calibration should be done in accordance with manufac turers ' instructions.

If an air mover is used to exhaust a tank or container, tile discharge from the air mover will be diluted with air used in the device, but the results of any tests made at this Doint will be indicative of the change in the v:apor concentra t ion insiae the vessel and, when the desired low concentrat ion is read ied , the condit ion of the tank or container itself can be checked at appropriate points.

A-4-2 W h e n purt~ng a tank or container with an inert gas, a combustible gas indicator will not give a correct reading, as noted in A-4-1. Since the objective with iner t gas purg ing is to dilute the oxygen concentrat ion to a point below a certain safe value, an oxygen indicator should be used." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees with die in tent of the submit ter and has made appropriate changes to separate the requ( rements f rom the informational text.

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PART IV

(Log #1 ) 327A- 1 - (Entire Document ) : Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James G. Gallup, P.E., CSP, Rol f Jensen & Assoc., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 327A-7 RECOMMENDATION: I r e c o m m e n d that dais s tandard be re tu rned to the Commit tee for fur ther development . SUBSTANTIATION: The title of the s tandard is for the Safe Entry of U n d e r g r o u n d Storage Tanks and the purpose states that dais s tandard provides safe procedures. The s tandard actually provides inadequate safe procedures in the following areas and should be fur ther developed to be acceptable:

1. The Purpose states that these are safe procedures for excavation and yet the s tandard does not address showing barricades, walkways and exits as required by OSHA 1926 Sub-part P.

2. The purpose states that these are safe procedures for entry into the tanks and yet the s tandard does no t address the following which could be more impor tan t than the requ i rements in the standard:

a. Means of egress planning. b. Rescue planning, procedures and equ ipment . c. Training of people enter ing and observers. d. Communicat ions . e. Permits. f. Vehicle barriers. g. First-aid equipment . h. Prevention of unau thor ized entry. i. Calibration of instruments . j. Contractor interface.

3. Section 4-1 says that ~ of cleaning are listed wlfile are only listed.

4. Electrical circuits in 3-2.2 should be locked out rather than simply disconnected.

In addit ion, the s tandard has the following inconsistencies: 1. 2-2.4 and 2-2.5 are no t "Ignition Controls" as stated in the

heading 2-2. 2. The last sentence of 2-2.1 is vague and not enforceable. 3. The last sentence of 2-2.2 is vague and not enforceable. 4. The definition of Flammable Gas is no t consistent with the

r e c o m m e n d e d definit ion in NFPA 327. 5. 2-2.8 does not appear to be consistent with 2-2.1. The term "thoroughly familiar" is not enforceable.

C O M M I T r E E ACTION: Accept in Principle. Make flae following changes to the text of proposed NFPA 327A: 1. Add a new subsect ion 2-1.1 to read: 2-1.1 The con~'actor or the person or persons responsible for the

tank entry procedure shall imp lemen t a Conf ined Space Entry Plan. (See 3-6)

2. Change title of Section 2-2 to "Ignition Concerns." 3. In 2-2.1, last sentence to read: "...shall require an extension of the 25 ft (7.6 m) m i n i m u m

distance." 4. In 2-2.2, replace the last sentence with the following: "All compar tments of a mul t i -compar tment tank and the annu la r

(interstitial) space of a secondary containment- type tank sball be considered when these procedures are established."

5. Revise 3-1 to read: "If excavation is necessary to gain access to the top of the tank, the

access pit shall be at least 4 ft by 4 ft (0.6 m by 0.6 m). Personnel shall be familiar with all applicable procedures such as those established by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion in 29CFR 1926.650."

6. In 3-2.2, revise text to read: "...shall be d isconnected and locked out." 7. In 3-4.2, revise text to read: "Persons responsible for testing shall be trained in the use of file

ins t rument , interpretat ions of its readings, and its limitations." 8. In 4-1, second sentence, delete the word "methods."

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee is sensitive to the issues raised by the Submitter. The changes r e c o m m e n d e d by the Commit tee are in tended to address these issues while allowing this proposed new d o c u m e n t to move forward, thus gaining the field exper ience necessary for its fur ther development .

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