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FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD JAPANESE STUDIES A handbook for undergraduates reading Japanese [For students starting in or after October 2011] ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-2014 CONTENTS Page The Oriental Institute and the Nissan Institute for Japanese Studies Course overview Overview of options Description of all the options Overview of options by term 2 4 11 12 22

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Page 1: Japanese Undergraduate Handbook, NEW course … · Japanese - English dictionary ... The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary. Charles E. Tuttle Co. Buy either this one

FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

JAPANESE STUDIES A handbook for undergraduates reading Japanese [For students starting in or after October 2011] ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-2014

CONTENTS

Page The Oriental Institute and the Nissan Institute for Japanese Studies Course overview Overview of options Description of all the options Overview of options by term

2 4

11 12 22

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ORIENTAL INSTITUTE The Oriental Institute is situated in Pusey Lane. It is the main building for the Faculty of Oriental Studies. Here you will find lecture rooms, a language laboratory, and a common room. Your language classes will generally be held in the Oriental Institute. Other lectures and classes are also given here. The Oriental Institute also houses the Oriental Institute Library. The main teachers of Japanese are: Dr Linda Flores University Lecturer in Modern Japanese literature; Fellow of Pembroke College. Professor Bjarke Frellesvig Professor of Japanese Linguistics; Fellow of Hertford College. Dr Jennifer Guest University Lecturer in Classical Japanese literature; Fellow of Queen’s College. Dr Stephen Horn Departmental Lecturer in Japanese linguistics. Dr James Lewis University Lecturer in Japanese and Korean Pre-modern History; Fellow of Wolfson College. Ms Kaori Nishizawa Japanese language instructor Ms Junko Hagiwara Japanese language instructor Mrs. Keiko Harada Faculty Tutor in Japanese Ms Hiroe Kaji Japanese language instructor

NISSAN INSTITUTE FOR JAPANESE STUDIES The Nissan Institute is situated on Winchester Road. It is part of the School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies in the Social Science Division and houses specialists of the modern history and social sciences (politics, economics, social anthropology) of Japan. The Nissan Institute also has rooms for teaching, including a large lecture theatre. Some teaching for the BA in Japanese takes place in the Nissan Institute, which also houses the Bodleian Japanese Library. Academics contributing to the teaching for the Japanese course in the Nissan Institute are: Professor Roger Goodman Nissan Professor of Modern Japanese Studies; Fellow of St Antony’s College

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Dr Ekaterina Hertog University Lecturer in Japanese Sociology Professor Takehiko Kariya Professor of Japanese Sociology; Fellow of St Antony’s College Dr Sho Konishi University Lecturer in Modern Japanese history; Fellow of St Antony’s College Professor Ian Neary Professor of Japanese Politics; Fellow of St Antony’s College Dr Hiroaki Matsuura The Economy of Modern Japan

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COURSE OVERVIEW The B.A. Honours course in Japanese at Oxford aims - to give students a thorough grounding in modern written and spoken Japanese, and in the written classical language; - to ensure that they have a good general knowledge of Japanese civilization, culture, history and society; and - to allow them to do in-depth, specialised study from a range of subjects, including both classical and modern literature, linguistics, pre-modern and modern history, anthropology, politics, economics, and art. Course Content The Oxford BA course in Japanese is a four year course, including a compulsory study period of one year in Japan in the second year. The course is comprehensive and demanding, revolving around intensive work on the written and spoken language through all four years, combined with both general and specialized study of Japanese culture, civilization and society. The language teaching takes place in classes and small groups and in language laboratories. It includes work conducted by experienced native speakers. The first year is dedicated to intensive work on the Japanese languages and study of the history and culture of Japan, and East Asia in general. The classical written language is introduced in the first year (and will be studied in more detail in the third and fourth years of the course). At the end of the first year you will take Prelims which examines the language and history and culture work you have done during the first year. The second year is spent at Kobe University in Japan for continued extensive language study, combined with studying Japanese civilization, culture and history. In the third and fourth years the regular language work continues, including more detailed study of the classical language. An important part of these two years is specialized work within subject areas chosen by yourself from a wide array of available options, including both classical and modern literature, linguistics, pre-modern and modern history, anthropology, politics, economics, and art. In the fourth year you also write a maximum 15,000 word dissertation on a subject of your own choice under supervision. At the end of the fourth year you will be examined in all the work you have done over the four years. It is possible to study an additional language (from Chinese, Korean, and Tibetan) in the third and fourth years of the course. Dictionaries and other reference books The following is a list of some reference books you will need for your Japanese course in Oxford. Your college library should have the books (if they don’t, ask them to get them), and it is strictly speaking not necessary for you to own them; but you are strongly encouraged to buy them. Most of them are somewhat cheaper to buy in Japan, or through internet-based booksellers such as amazon, than elsewhere. Many of you will also buy electronic dictionaries. Please note two things: First, make sure that your electronic dictionary has a good Japanese-Japanese dictionary, for example the Kōjien (

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広辞苑) or the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (日本国語大辞典). Second, note that an electronic dictionary is a wonderful and handy supplement to printed dictionaries, but that it is no substitute; for text work you will need to use real, printed, authoritative dictionaries. 1. Japanese - English dictionary Kenkyūsha's New Japanese-English Dictionary. Kenkyūsha. 5th (or 4th) Edition. This is the largest and most authoritative J-E dictionary available, and it will be indispensable for your text work in the third and fourth years. Do not mistake it for the ‘collegiate’ size dictionary of a very similar name. The 5th edition is approx. 2,500 pages and its ISBN-13 is 978-4767420264. The 4th edition is an acceptable alternative. It was published in 1974 and there is therefore much recent vocabulary it does not have. However, it is in many ways more attractive intellectually than the 5th edition and it works very well supplemented with, for example, a more recent medium-sized Japanese-English dictionary (such as the ones that electronic dictionaries usually come with). 2. Kanji dictionary The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary. Charles E. Tuttle Co. Buy either this one or the ‘Classic’ edition. It is better than other kanji dictionaries into English, especially in its organization and coverage of intellectual and historical vocabulary. 3. Classical Japanese dictionary Shin-Meikai Kogo Jiten (新明解古語辞典). Sanseidō (三省堂). This is a good medium-sized Classical Japanese dictionary. An alternative is Iwanami’s Kogo jiten (岩波古語辞典). 4. Grammar Samuel E. Martin. A Reference Grammar of Japanese. University of Hawaii Press. This is a large reference grammar of Japanese, the best one published in any language. 5. Grammar of Classical Japanese Haruo Shirane. Classical Japanese: A Grammar. Columbia University Press. 6. English - Japanese dictionary Kenkyûsha New English - Japanese Dictionary. (6th Edition, 2002). OR: Random House English - Japanese Dictionary. Random House & Shōgakkan. These are both large good E-J dictionaries.

The First Year 

Generally, courses of study at Oxford University are officially expressed in terms of the examinations ('papers') which test the knowledge gained from them. Through your college you will have been given a copy of the current Examination Regulations. The first formal examination you will take (the First Public Examination – FPE), Prelims, will be held at the end of the first year. You must pass the First Public Examination in first year, because you will not be considered

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qualified to proceed if you do not. A resit is usually possible if you do not pass; resits are held in September. University regulations require you to pass your First Public Examination before you can proceed to the Final Honour School and sit your final examinations. A general outline of the content of the FPE is as follows. For details and an authoritative description, please see http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/examregs/10-29ad_S_R_P_E_in_Oriental_Studies.shtml and https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/a55c44d3-9f21-4dec-b48c-2dc6fa4e4bee/Exams/FPE_Japanese_conventions_prelims.pdf First Public Examination in Japanese Paper 1: Modern Japanese This paper will test: your ability to read and write Japanese, and to translate from English into Japanese. The teaching preparing you directly for this paper will be language classes. Paper 2: Classical and modern Japanese This paper will test: your ability to translate from Japanese (set and unseen texts) into English; your knowledge of Classical Japanese, both translation from set texts and grammar; and your ability to give a grammatical analysis of modern Japanese. The teaching preparing you for this paper will be language classes, Classical Japanese classes, and classes and a tutorial on grammatical analysis of Japanese. A list of the set (prepared) texts for this paper can be found at: https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/portal/hierarchy/humdiv/orient/oriental_s/page/set_texts Paper 3: East Asia Survey: Japan This paper will test your knowledge of Japanese and East Asian history and culture in a wide sense. You will write short factual identifications of people and events, covering both modern and pre-modern Japan and East Asia, and also three essays from a choice of topics covering both modern and pre-modern Japan and East Asia. The teaching preparing you for this paper will be the East Asia Survey Course lectures and tutorials. Schedule of work The schedule of work during the first year is largely as follows. The first year of your course is divided into three different forms of teaching: Language classes, Lectures/classes, and Tutorials. You will be given more detailed information about the scheduling of the teaching in the course of the year, but the main pattern is as follows: Language classes Approximately 10 hours per week. Lectures/classes East Asia Survey Course: on average just over 2 lectures per week. Grammatical Analysis: one weekly class in Hilary Term. Classical Japanese: four one-hour classes in weeks 5-8 in Hilary Term; four two-hour classes in weeks 1-4 in Trinity Term.

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Tutorials You will have one tutorial per week during each term. The following is a tentative schedule, subject to revision. Approximately half the tutorials will be general tutorials with your college tutor, or the tutorial group you belong to. The other half will be specialist tutorials where you will be set essays on topics covered in the East Asian Survey lectures, and discuss those essays with a specialist. The timing and distribution may look something like this: Michaelmas Term Week 1 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 2 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 3 Historical linguistics Week 4 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 5 Japanese Pre-modern history Week 6 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 7 Japanese Pre-modern history Week 8 Japanese Pre-modern literature Hilary Term Week 1 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 2 Chinese and Korean history in comparison with Japan Week 3 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 4 Japanese Pre-modern history Week 5 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 6 Japanese Pre-modern literature Week 7 or 8 Grammatical analysis Week 8 Japanese Modern literature Trinity Term Week 1 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 2 Japanese Modern history Week 3 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 4 Japanese Modern society Week 5 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 6 Japanese Modern economics Week 7 Tutorial with College Tutor Week 8 Japanese Modern politics

The Second Year 

The second year of the course will be spent at Kobe University in Japan for continued extensive language study, combined with the study of civilization, culture and history. Details about the year abroad will be given during the course of the first year.

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The Third and Fourth Years of the BA in Japanese 

From the beginning of the third year you have more scope to pursue your own interests. The language classes remain a central part of your studies, so that you continue to build up a working knowledge of general spoken and written Japanese. The third year is when you start work in Oxford for what is termed Final Honour School (FHS). As before, the work of this part of the course is expressed in terms of the examination for which you will be preparing. The papers for FHS are as follows: JAPANESE only JAPANESE with an additional language FHS 1. Modern Japanese I 2. Modern Japanese II 3. Spoken Japanese (1/2 paper) 4. Classical Japanese 5. Special text option I [translation and commentary] 6. Special subject option I [essays] 7. Dissertation 8. Special text option II [translation and commentary] 9. Special subject option II [essays] 10. Either Special text option III or Special subject option III

FHS 1. Modern Japanese I 2. Modern Japanese II 3. Spoken Japanese (1/2 paper) 4. Classical Japanese 5. Special text option I [translation and commentary]6. Special subject option I [essays] 7. Dissertation 11. Chinese, Korean, or Tibetan Texts 12. Chinese, Korean, or Tibetan History and Culture 13. Chinese, Korean, or Tibetan Language

Modern Japanese The two papers in Modern Japanese will test your ability to translate into Japanese and from Japanese into English, as well as writing in Japanese. The teaching directly preparing you for these papers will be language classes, text classes, and text tutorials. Spoken Japanese The paper in spoken Japanese will be taken in Hilary term of the fourth year. It will test your ability to understand and produce spoken Japanese. The Spoken paper counts as half a paper. Most of the teaching directly preparing you for the paper in spoken Japanese will be language classes. Classical Japanese The paper in Classical Japanese will take the form of translation from Classical Japanese into English. There will be classes and tutorials in Classical Japanese language in the third and fourth year of the course. Dissertation As part of FHS you will write a dissertation. You should already be thinking about your dissertation topic in the third year. You will be doing optional work that you yourself have chosen and it may well be that you come across something in that work that particularly interests you and could perhaps form the basis for a dissertation. You will normally do the bulk of the writing of the dissertation during the first two terms of the fourth year. For the deadline you should look up the General Regulations at the beginning of the Oriental Studies section of

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the Examination Regulations.

OPTIONS FOR THE BA IN JAPANESE A very important part of the FHS part of the Japanese BA course is option work, which begins in Michaelmas Term of the third year. There are two kinds of options: Special Subject and Special Text. Unless you elect to take on an additional language, you will take one option per term in the third year and in the two first terms of the final year: a total of five options. You will do two Special Subject options and two Special Text options, and for the fifth option you can choose between Special Subject and Special Text. Each option will be examined by one three-hour written paper in FHS at the end of the fourth year. You should choose options in accordance with your interests and in consultation with your tutor. Additional languages If you choose to study an additional language (from Chinese, Korean, or Tibetan), you will take three papers in the additional language, one in Text, one in Language, and one in History and Culture. Teaching for additional languages starts from the beginning of the third year and continues into Hilary Term of the fourth year. If you take an additional language, you will take one Special Subject option (in Michaelmas Term of the third year) and one Special Text option (which in principle can be in any of the following terms, in accordance with your interests and chosen in consultation with your tutor). Special Subject and Special Text options The following gives a general description of the two types of options and then a description of each of the available options. Please note that most of the options are each only available in one term during the year. Please also note that it is not possible to guarantee availability of all options every year. Special Subject options For the Special Subject options you will have one hour of tutorial per week (8 hours of tutorial over the term) with the tutor teaching the option, for which you will write an essay, either to be submitted in advance of the tutorial or brought to the tutorial, depending on the tutor and the option. Examination will be by a three hour essay paper in FHS (at the end of the fourth year of the course). There is a set of three Core Special Subject options out of which you will have to take one in Michaelmas Term in the third year. (It will be possible to take another Core Special Subject option the following Michaelmas Term, if you wish.) The Core Special Subject options are designed to give an overview of the overall subject through reading primary and secondary literature in English and writing essays. Other Special Subject options will often give the opportunity to do more specialized work within a subject area, again based on reading primary and secondary literature in English and writing essays. The Other Special Subject options can be taken in other terms than Michaelmas of the third year.

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Special Text options For the special text options you will have two hours of tutorial per week (16 hours of tutorial over the term), based on reading texts in Japanese within a subject. You will translate the texts and discuss the contents, context and background with the tutor, as well as writing commentary on the texts for the tutorials, either to be submitted in advance of the tutorial or brought to the tutorial, depending on the tutor and the option. These tutorials are not language tutorials, but content tutorials based on text in Japanese. Examination will be by a three hour written exam in FHS (at the end of the fourth year of the course), which will include translation of passages from the studied texts into English and commentary.

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OVERVIEW OF OPTIONS

SPECIAL SUBJECT OPTIONS

Core Special Subject Options. (all Michaelmas Term only)

Classical Japanese Literature Japanese Linguistics Modern Japanese Literature

Other Special Subject Options

Economy of Japan (HT) History of the Japanese Language (HT) Japanese Art (currently unavailable) Japanese Politics (HT2014, MT2014, HT2016, TT2016) Japanese Society (HT) Modern History of Japan (HT, but not until 2015) Pre-modern Japanese History I: to 1185 (HT and other terms by arrangement) Pre-modern Japanese History II: 1185 to 1853 (HT and other terms by arrangement) Topics in Court Literature (900-1300AD) (HT) Topics in Modern Japanese Literature (HT)

SPECIAL TEXT OPTIONS

Classical Japanese I: The Tale of Genji and the Pillow Book (MT) Classical Japanese II: Warrior Tales (HT, TT) Classical Japanese III: Haikai from Bashō to Buson (HT, TT)

Economy of Japan (??)

Japanese Linguistics I: Boku wa unagi da (MT, HT) Japanese Linguistics II: Linguistic variation (HT, TT) Japanese Linguistics III: Old Japanese (TT)

Japanese Politics (HT2014, MT2014, HT2016, TT 2016) Modern Literature I: Proletarian Literature (HT) Modern Literature II: Trauma and Narrative in Modern Japanese Literature (HT) Modern Literature III: Gender in Modern Japanese Literature (TT)

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DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE OPTIONS The following gives a short description of the options which are or may be available. The name of the academic(s) in charge of the design of each option is also listed, but please note that this is not necessarily the tutor who will be giving the tutorials associated with the option.

SPECIAL SUBJECT OPTIONS

Core Special Subject Options (only available in Michaelmas Term) Classical Japanese Literature: Ancient to Early Modern Dr Jennifer Guest This course provides a survey of classical Japanese literature from earliest times to the early nineteenth century, with readings in English translation from a wide range of important works as well as suggested secondary readings on key topics in the literature of each period. Week 1 What factors make a text classical, literary, or Japanese? (Does the Kojiki qualify?) Week 2 The meaning of a “good poem” in early Japan Week 3 Memoirs, diaries, and biographies in the Heian court Week 4 Gender and genre in the mid-Heian classics Week 5 Buddhist themes in medieval poetry and anecdotal literature Week 6 Portrayals of warriors and warfare in medieval prose and theatre Week 7 Humour in Edo literature Week 8 Reflections of earlier classical literature in Edo prose and haikai poetry Japanese Linguistics Professor Bjarke Frellesvig; Dr Stephen Wright Horn This option is designed to give an overview of the Japanese language and linguistics through reading and writing of essays on selected topics across the major fields of linguistics, beginning with a look at the main characteristics of Japanese as compared to other languages. Next we look at variation within the Japanese language, considering in turn sociological characteristics of the speech situation (e.g., status and keigo), of the speaker (e.g., gender), and of the speech community as a whole (e.g., dialect region). We will also examine loanwords in the Japanese vocabulary, lexical stratification, and some selected aspects of Japanese grammar, focusing on transitivity in particular. Finally we will work on a syntactic description of sentences selected from naturalistic data in Modern Japanese. Week 1 Identify, describe and discuss three main features of the Japanese language Week 2 Honorific language (keigo) in Japanese, including its acquisition and use Week 3 Gender as a factor in language variation in Japanese Week 4 Describing the features of a spoken dialect text in Japanese (to be distributed) Week 5 Loanwords in Japanese Week 6 Lexical stratification Week 7 Syntactic description of a given set of Japanese sentences Week 8 The notion of transitivity and its role (including transitivity pairs) in Japanese Modern Japanese Literature: The Invention of Modern Japanese Literature Dr Linda Flores This option provides an overview of important literary works and writers in the period spanning from the middle of the Edo to the beginning of the 20th century. We will explore key

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issues in Japanese literary studies including modernity, the self, identity, and gender. This option will examine the development of the concept of modern Japanese literature and explore the ways in which that development accompanied the rise of Japan as a modern nation. Lectures and tutorials will address both the social and historical context of the works under examination as well as closer readings of the texts themselves. Week 1 What is ‘Modern’ ‘Japanese’ ‘Literature’? Week 2 The Edo Period and the Invention of Japan Week 3 Defining Japan, Defining Women Week 4 Civilisation and Enlightenment Week 5 The Invention of Literature Week 6 Women Writers and the Reform of Tanka Poetry Week 7 The Rise of Empire Week 8 Japanese Naturalism and the ‘I-novel’ Other Special Subject Options Economy of Japan (HT) Dr Hiroaki Matsuura This option focuses on the analysis of major issues in the contemporary Japanese economic policy, including-but not limited to-taxation, social security, health policy, education and labor market policy, industrial policy, energy and environmental policy, urban policy, monetary and fiscal policy, and trade and exchange rate management. History of the Japanese Language (HT) Professor Bjarke Frellesvig; Dr Stephen Wright Horn This option focuses on the development of the Japanese language from Old Japanese as it appears in the earliest attested writings through to written and spoken Modern Japanese within the phonology, morphology and syntax of the language. Other themes covered will be the reconstruction of even earlier language stages than that of Old Japanese, the origins and development of the scripts used to write Japanese, dialectal and other variation within pre-modern Japanese, and the influence from foreign languages, both Chinese and European, on the Japanese language. Students taking this option should also follow Professor Frellesvig and Dr Horn’s lecture series History of the Japanese language and Introduction to Old Japanese in Hilary Term. Topics covered may include: Proto-Japanese and Japanese before Old Japanese; Japanese scripts; The sound system of Old Japanese and phonological changes; The Eastern Old Japanese dialects; Old Japanese morphology and later changes in inflection and verb morphology; Historical syntax; External influences on Japanese. Japanese Art (currently unavailable) Dr Clare Pollard This option will focus on Japanese art from the Edo and Meiji periods, with reference to the collections of Ashmolean Museum. Japanese Politics (, MT2014, HT2014, HT2016, TT2016) Professor Ian Neary This course provides an introduction to Japanese politics. Aims of the course: To see how an advanced, industrial urban society such as Japan can be studied using the methods of political

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science; and to get a firm understanding of how Japanese government works. Major themes to be covered include modern political history, the structures and institutions of contemporary politics: parties, elections, bureaucracies, and policymaking. It will be possible to study a number of contemporary policy areas in depth, including welfare policy, foreign and defence policy, industrial policy among others. We will look at the micro level of policy making while also relating this to the wider political and economic arena both inside and outside Japan. Students taking this option should also follow Professor Neary’s lecture series on Japanese Politics which take place Fridays at 12-1 in the Nissan Institute. The lectures start in Michaelmas Term, so those taking the option in Hilary Term must also follow the lectures in Michaelmas Term. Tutorial topics will be chosen from: The Political reforms of the Occupation; The Liberal Democratic Party; The opposition parties; Election systems; Local Government; Interest Groups; Industrial and Agricultural Policy; Foreign and Defence Policy; Human Rights, ODA and FDI; Environment Policies and Citizens Movements; Welfare politics. Recommended Introductory Reading: Hook, Glenn D. 2005. Japan’s International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security, Routledge. Neary, Ian J. 2002., The State and Politics in Japan, Blackwell. McCargo, Duncan. 2004. Contemporary Japan, Palgrave. Shinoda Tomohito, 2013 Contemporary Japanese Politics, Columbia. Japanese Society (HT) Professor Roger Goodman This option has two main aims: (a) to provide an introduction to Japanese society from an anthropological perspective and (b) to show how the study of Japan can contribute to mainstream anthropological theory. Major themes which will be covered include notions of personhood, rituals and symbols, time and space, structure and agency, continuity and change, and the construction of ethnic, gender, sexual and minority identities. It will be possible to study a number of contemporary social institutions in depth, including the Japanese educational, legal, medical, welfare, company, household and kinship systems, new religions and the worlds of traditional arts and popular culture. At the micro level, the details of these operations and the ideologies which support them will be examined, while at the macro level the course will explore their relation to other social institutions and the wider political and economic arena both inside and outside Japan. Students taking this option should also follow Professor Goodman’s lecture series Japanese Society in Hilary Term. Recommended Introductory Reading Hendry, Joy. 2013. Understanding Japanese Society (4th edition). Routledge. Martinez, D. P. (ed.). 2007. Modern Japanese Culture and Society (4 Vols). Routledge. Nakane, Chie. 1973. Japanese Society. Penguin. Robertson, Jennifer (ed.). 2005. A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan. Blackwells. Ryang, Sonia. 2004. Japan and National Anthropology: A Critique. RoutledgeCurzon. Sugimoto, Yoshio. 2010. An Introduction to Japanese Society (3rd edition). CUP. Modern History of Japan (HT, but not 2014) Dr Sho Konishi This option offers a broad introduction to the cultural and intellectual life of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Japan in the wider world. We will read both primary texts in translation and secondary works. Assigned readings consist of all common readings and your choice of text(s)

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from the list of selected readings or outside the list. Common readings will be on reserve at the Bodleian Japanese Library. Some suggested theoretical readings are also listed throughout the syllabus, which should prove helpful for future research and writing on Japanese history. Pre-modern Japanese History I: to 1185 (HT and other terms by arrangement) Dr James B Lewis The narrative of Japanese history can be broken into three main divisions: to 1185, 1185 to 1853, and 1853 to the present. Japanese Pre-modern history options cover the first two divisions. The essay questions are thematic and range over institutions, religions, politics, intellectual concerns, economy, and foreign relations. They do not address the history of literature or language. Pre-modern Japanese History II: 1185 to 1853 (HT and other terms by arrangement) Dr James B Lewis The narrative of Japanese history can be broken into three main divisions: to 1185, 1185 to 1853, and 1853 to the present. Japanese Pre-modern history options cover the first two divisions. The essay questions are thematic and range over institutions, religions, politics, intellectual concerns, economy, and foreign relations. They do not address the history of literature or language. Topics in Court Literature (900-1300AD) (HT) Dr Jennifer Guest This course focuses on classical literature of the Heian and early medieval periods, with primary and secondary readings in English; the first three sessions will focus on waka poetry and its social and literary contexts, while weeks 4-6 will be centred on the Tale of Genji and other prose tales, and the final two sessions approach topics in the history of literary thought. It may be helpful to take the Classical Japanese Literature Special Subject Core option first, but it is not necessary or required. Topics covered may include: The Kokinshū and debates on the nature of waka poetry; Poetry competitions, material culture, and the literary environment; The Wakan rōeishū: poetry as visual and aural art; Monogatari (tale literature): Narihira and the young Genji; Genji’s later years; Tales of exotic lands (travel to China and beyond); University scholars and court literature; The Way of Poetry (Fujiwara Teika and the Hyakunin isshu). Topics in Modern Japanese Literature (HT) Dr Linda Flores This option provides an overview of important literary works and writers in the period spanning from the early 20th century to the present day. For this option we will consider more closely issues such as gender (masculinity, femininity, the feminist movement), reactions to the I-novel, and reactions to the post war. Lectures and tutorials will address both the social and historical context of the works under examination as closer readings of the texts themselves. Students taking this option should also follow the lecture series Topics in Modern Japanese Literature in Hilary Term. Topics covered may include: Proletarian Literature; Japanese Modernism; Nikutai bungaku: Literature of the Flesh; Atomic Bomb Literature; Beyond the Postwar: Oe Kenzaburo; The Feminist Movement; Angry Women: Enchi Fumiko, Takahashi Takako, Ohba Minako; Murakami Haruki and the Post modern.

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SPECIAL TEXT OPTIONS

Special Texts Classical Japanese I: The Tale of Genji and The Pillow Book (MT) Dr Jennifer Guest This option will involve readings from two near-contemporary works of Heian court prose, the Tale of Genji and the Pillow Book. Through close reading of passages from the Pillow Book, students will trace Sei Shōnagon’s accounts of how she outwitted various other courtiers and impressed the empress with her quick literary responses; get to know the rhythms of Heian court life and the seasonal progression of waka topics; and consider the socio-political and gendered dynamics behind the brilliant setting of mid-Heian court salons. Readings from the Tale of Genji will focus on the early volumes of the tale and on Genji’s relationship with the character known as Murasaki, perhaps the most iconic (if at times problematic) romance in Japanese literary history; the dynamics of romantic longing, power, and transgression established in these early episodes provide one possible set of signposts through the complex plot of the text as a whole. These two texts, which are now among the best-known canonical works of classical Japanese literature, illuminate many facets of life in the Heian court around the turn of the eleventh century, including poetry and aesthetics; ideals of romance and other relationships; shared assumptions about literary and cultural knowledge; conceptions of death, the supernatural, and the world beyond the capital; and attitudes toward gender and women’s writing. By reading key excerpts from the Tale of Genji and Pillow Book alongside each other, we will aim for a deeper understanding of these themes and the roles they played in Heian court literature. Texts:

Matsuo Satoshi and Nagai Kazuko eds., Makura no sōshi (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vol.18, Shōgakkan, 1997), p38 line 11-p43 line 2, p56 line 7-p57 line 14, p120 line 5-p122 line 2, p288 line 11-p291 line 1, p433 line 4-p434 line 1, p467 line 2-p468 line 15.

Suzuki Hideo et.al.eds., Genji monogatari (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vols.20-25, Shōgakkan, 1994-1998), vol.20 p17 line 1-p19, p43 line 7-p44 line 12, p60 line 11-p61 line 11; p89 line 1-p 90 line 8, p205 line 11-p209 line 15; vol.21 p35 line 12-p37 line 3, p198 line 13-p200 line 13; vol.23 p504 line 4-p506 line 8.

Special Texts Classical Japanese II: Warrior Tales (HT, TT) Dr Jennifer Guest In this option, students will read, translate, and comment on selected medieval warrior tales. Our focus will be on iconic passages from the immensely influential Tales of the Heike (Heike monogatari), which depicts the rise and fall of the Taira warrior clan along with the heroic acts and tragic deaths of characters on both sides of the twelfth-century civil wars. As we examine specific scenes in detail, we will also consider themes that run through the text as a whole and have wider implications for medieval Japanese literature, including portrayals of ideal warrior conduct and feats of bravery; Buddhist worldviews and attitudes toward death; the roles played by women in the tale; and the interaction between written sources and oral performance. We will conclude with a quick look at how the characters of the Heike were reimagined in later storytelling, art, and Noh drama, reading a passage from the Story of Yoshitsune (Gikeiki) – a popular account of the exploits of the Genji general Minamoto no Yoshitsune and his loyal

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warrior-monk companion Benkei that provides a chance to think further about the literary construction of warrior heroes (particularly doomed ones). Texts:

Heike monogatari: Ichiko Teiji ed. Heike monogatari (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vols.45-46, Shōgakkan, 1994), vol.45 p.19 line 1-line 13, p.28 line 3-p.30 line 10, p.46 line 3‐p.50 line 1, p.448 line 4-p.451 line 16; vol.46 p.42 line 12-p.46 line 3, p.175 line 7-p.182 line 16, p.380 line 2-p.384 line 9, p.389 line 7-p390 line 4.

Gikeiki: Kajiwara Masaaki ed. Gikeiki (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vol.62, Shōgakkan, 2000), p.133 line 8- p.136 line 5.

Special Texts Classical Japanese III: Haikai from Bashō to Buson (HT, TT) Dr Jennifer Guest In this option, students will read, translate, and comment on poetry and prose by two great early In this option, students will read, translate, and comment on poetry and prose by two great early modern haikai poets, Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694) and Yosa Buson (1716-1784). We will read from two poetic travelogues by Basho, Nozarashi kikō (a journey from Edo west into Kansai) and Oku no hosomichi (a journey north from Edo), which offer opportunities to consider the perception of landscape through poetry and the mapping of literary associations onto sites of travel. We will also examine a linked-verse session in which Bashō participated alongside other poets in trading verses to create a combined sequence, and will consider Bashō’s ideas about the proper composition and linking of haikai poetry. Additional readings in Yosa Buson’s poetry and haikai-style prose will let us consider how he inherited and diverged from Bashō’s poetic practice and how he participated in literary culture of his day. We will also look at selected paintings, including Buson’s quirky illustrated versions of Bashō’s Oku no hosomichi, in order to consider the close relationship between haikai poetry and visual arts. The works of these two poets provide a vivid introduction to the seasonal system of poetic topics that underlies much classical literature, and are ideal sources for discussing text-image relations, humour and wordplay, and evolving relationships between literary innovation and canonical literary traditions in early modern Japan. Texts:

Bashō: Imoto Nōichi et.al.eds., Matsuo Bashō shū (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vols.70-71, Shōgakkan, 1995-7), vol.71 p21-33, p84 lines 2-6, p110 line 13-p113 line 2, p376-390.

Buson: Teruoka Yasutaka and Kawashima Tsuyu eds., Busonshū, Issashū (Nihon koten

bungaku taikei vol.58, Iwanami shoten, 1959), p239-240. Kira Sueo et.al.eds., Kinsei haikai haibunshū (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vol. 72, Shōgakkan, 2001), poem nos. 557, 562, 570, 573, 586, 587, 590, 592, 595, 598, 602, 603, 605, 607, 610, 611, 612, 617, 618, 620, 625, 626, 629, 639, 641, 653, 655, 658, 660, 662, 663, 668, 669, 672, 675, 676, 677, 680, 682, 683, 692, 698, 703, 704, 706, 712; p554-557.

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Hairon: Okuda Isao et.al.eds., Rengaronshū, Nōgakuronshū , Haironshū (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū vol.88, Shōgakkan, 2001), p.513 lines 2-9; p.523 lines 2-13, p.575 line 2-p.577 line 13.

Special Texts The Economy of Japan Dr Hiroaki Matsuura Texts: TBC Special Texts Japanese Linguistics I: Boku wa unagi da (MT, HT) Professor Bjarke Frellesvig; Dr Stephen Horn The purpose of this option is for students to examine a particular set of issues in Japanese linguistics in some detail, while assimilating the necessary concepts and vocabulary in the process. Students will read, translate, and comment on two parts of the book 'Boku wa unagi da' no bunpō: da to no by Okutsu Kei’ichirō (1979).

This is an important and oft-quoted work on Japanese grammar that takes as its starting point various possible uses and interpretations of the sentence boku wa unagi da sometimes literally (but usually mistakenly) translated ‘I am an eel’. Depending on context, this sentence can be used in reply to questions such as “What did you order?”, “What are you fishing for?”, or “What is your favourite fish?”, amongst many others. Okutsu examines the many sentences that can be formed on the same basic pattern from the perspectives of syntax and semantics.

The first excerpt we will read is part one of the book: “‘Boku wa unagi da’ no bunpō”. We will also read the follow-up essay that Okutsu wrote to address some of the observations made by supporters and critics of his original work: “Unagibun no sekai”.

The book addresses in particular the question of the status of the ‘copula’ within Japanese. The topic Okutsu treats here has been and is still controversial in the field of Japanese linguistics. It raises further questions about focus, presupposition, etc., thus covering some basic notions in pragmatics. As an introduction to Japanese linguistics, the book covers a broad range of issues using basic intuitions about meaning and grammaticality in a very accessible way. Texts: Okutsu, Kei’ichirō. (1979). 'Boku wa unagi da' no bunpō: da to no. Tokyo: Kuroshio.

1. “‘Boku wa unagi da’ no bunpō”, pp. 7-87. 2. “Unagibun no sekai”, pp. 235-257.

Special Texts Japanese Linguistics II: Linguistic variation (HT, TT) Professor Bjarke Frellesvig; Dr Stephen Horn The purpose of this option is for students to explore varieties of and variation within the Japanese language, and to consider the factors that bear on the choices speakers make with regard to what they say and how they say it.

The first two weeks of the term will be devoted to exploring dialectal variation in Japanese and the geographical patterns that dialectal variation exhibits. The readings will be taken from the book: O-kuni kotoba o shiru. The topics looked at include: the east/west dialect split; how innovations spread; the standardization of Japanese; the future of dialects in Japan; the sources of dialect items.

The second part of the term will look at sociolects (varieties used by subgroups of a speech community) and the speech situation. The topics looked at include: how age difference correlates with variation in the pronunciation of /g/ (Kindaichi 1967); social class and language attitude (Tanaka 1999), specialized vocabularies for specific social groups (students, military,

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street gangs, special occupations (Tanaka 1999). The third part of the term will concentrate specifically on gender as a factor on variation

in speech and writing in Japanese, and its interaction with other sociolinguistic variables. The readings are selections from the book Onna to kotoba. The topics looked at include: girls who refer to themselves using boku; which genders use masculine and/or feminine speech in TV dramas; changes in women's use of pauses and fillers in speech; the place of feminine speech in ‘queer’ contexts.

Finally, we will look at yakuwarigo “stereotypical speech in fiction” as presented in the book Vaachuaru Nihongo. Students will read the preamble and the section “Yakuwarigo no sekai e no shōtaijō”. Topics will include: ‘professor-ese’ and stereotypes. Texts:

1. Satō, Ryōichi. 2002. O-kuni kotoba o shiru: Hōgen no chizuchō, Tokyo: Shōgakukan. Pp. 332-37, 346-7, 362-3.

2. Kindaiti, Haruhiko. 1967. Nihongo on'in no kenkyuu. Tokyo: Tōkyōdō. Pp. 168-197. 3. Tanaka, Akio. 1999. Nihongo no isō to isōsa. Tokyo: Meiji Shoin. Pp. 88-98, 99-106. 4. Endō, Orie (ed). 2001. Onna to Kotoba: Jugaku Akiko-san no kiju o kinen site, Tokyo:

Akashi Shoten. Pp. 30-39, 91-99, 100-111, 217-227. 5. Kinsui, Satoshi. 2003. Vaachuaru Nihongo: Yakuwarigo no nazo. Tokyo: Iwanami

Shoten. Pp. v-xiii, 1-51. Special Texts Japanese Linguistics III: Old Japanese (TT) Professor Bjarke Frellesvig; Dr Stephen Horn The purpose of this option is for students to learn to read, translate and comment on texts written in Old Japanese, the oldest known form of the Japanese language (from the Asuka/Nara period). The writing, the vocabulary, and the grammar of Old Japanese are significantly different from that of the canons of Classical Japanese literature from the Heian period onwards. The texts will be read and studied from a linguistic, rather than literary, point of view, focusing on the special features of Old Japanese script, phonology and grammar. These texts raise many points of interest for all students of Japanese, but knowledge of Old Japanese is an especially valuable addition to the study of Classical Japanese. Most of the texts from this period are poetry. We will read texts from the poetry anthology the Man’yōshū (compiled after 759 AD), which is the main source of texts from the period, and we will also read poems from other sources: some of the Bussokuseki-ka (“Footprints of the Buddha”), a series of poems carved in stone in the Yakushi-ji in Nara sometime after 753 AD; and some longer poems that appear within the first Imperial History (Kojiki).

We will also read works written in a ritualistic prose, beginning with a selection of Imperial Edicts (Senmyō), and some related poetry from the Shoku nihongi. We will also read two liturgical texts from the Norito: Tatuta no kaze no kamwi no maturi (“Festival of the wind spirits of Tatsuta”) and Tatarigamwi wo utusiyaru (“Driving away a vengeful spirit”). Finally, we will read some of the few texts written in Eastern Old Japanese, a group of dialects with characteristics that are different from the language of the capital, which is that reflected in the majority of sources. Students taking this option should also follow Professor Frellesvig and Dr Horn’s lecture series Introduction to Old Japanese in Hilary Term. Texts:

1. Man’yōshū: Poems 1-6, 4106-4115. Eastern OJ: Poems 3409-10, 3412, 3414; 3424, 3426; 3382-83; 3359, 3398-3400.

2. Bussokuseki-ka, 1-6.

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3. Kojiki kayō, songs 1-5. 4. Senmyō (from the Shoku nihongi): Nos. 9, 10, 20, 43. 5. Shoku nihongi kayō, songs 2-4. 6. Norito (from the Engishiki): Tatuta no kaze no kamwi no maturi and Tatarigamwi wo

utusiyaru Special Texts: Japanese Politics Professor Ian Neary Texts: Texts: Sekaishi no Tenkanshi to Nihon (1975-1985) in Nihon Gendaishi 1945-85. Fujiwara Akira, Arakawa Shoji Hayashi Hirofumi. Otsuki Shoten 1986. pp 305-361. Special Texts Modern Literature I: Proletarian Literature (HT) Dr Linda Flores This option will examine the relatively short-lived but highly influential proletarian literary movement in Japan. The movement is said to have peaked in 1927, the year of Akutagawa Ryûnosuke’s suicide, and ended with the Kobayashi Takiji’s death by torture at the hands of Japanese special higher police in 1933. Despite the brevity of the actual movement, its’ impact on early Japanese twentieth century society and the literary scene has been profound. In 2008 Japan experienced a resurgence in interest in proletarian literature inspired by a Mainichi shinbun article in which novelist Takahashi Genichirô and singer/activist/writer Amamiya Karin discussed Takiji’s 1929 novella and Japan’s socioeconomic problems. That year the circulation of Takiji’s seminal piece ‘Kani Kôsen’ (The Crab Cannery Ship) skyrocketed from roughly 5,000 copies per year to over 500,000 copies. Since then Japanese proletarian literary studies has continued to flourish, and this option will explore both discourses contemporaneous to Takiji as well as current debates. For this option three primary texts will be read: Kobayashi Takiji’s ‘Yasuko’ and two stories by Hirabayashi Taiko, ‘Nagesuteyo!’ (Throw it away!) and ‘Jinsei Jikken’ (Life Experiments). Other works of fiction will be read in translation, including but not limited to: Miyamoto Yuriko’s ‘Koiwai ke’ (The Koiwai Family); Hayama Yoshiki’s ‘Inbaifu’ (The Prostitute); and Sata Ineko’s ‘Kyarameru kôjô’ (The Caramel Factory). We will also discuss works by both theorists and critics of the movement such as Kurahara Korehito, Shiga Naoya and Kobayashi Hideo. Texts: 1. Kobayashi Takiji. ‘Yasuko’, in Kobayashi Takiji zenshû 6. Tokyo: Shin Nihon

Shuppan-sha, 1968, pp. 73-222. (excerpts) 2. Hirabayashi Taiko. ‘Nagesuteyo!’ in Hirabayashi Taiko zenshû 1. ed. Enchi Fumiko, et al.

Tokyo: Ushio Shuppan-sha, 1977, pp. 66-78. 3. Hirabayashi Taiko. ‘Jinsei Jikken’ in Hirabayashi Taiko zenshû 3. Tokyo: Ushio

Shuppan-sha, 1977, pp. 251-272. Special Texts Modern Literature II: Trauma and Narrative in Modern Japanese Literature (HT) Dr Linda Flores Saito Tamaki has described the past few decades of Japanese literature as a ‘torama to iyashi no bu-mu’ (trauma and healing boom). He has argued that writers such as Murakami Haruki and Yoshimoto Banana are actively engaged in writing as a process of working through trauma and embarking on the process of healing. This option will consider trauma broadly conceived to include: the Meiji Restoration and modernity; the Pacific War; the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the post war Occupation; childbirth and motherhood. We will

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explore topics such as war responsibility, survivor guilt, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-partum depression, memory and narrative. Readings will include English language studies of trauma and memory by scholars such as Cathy Caruth, Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud, and Dominick Lacapra.

For this option two primary texts will be read: Natsume Sôseki’s Kokoro (excerpts) and two chapters from Takahashi Takako’s Sora no hate made (To the Far Reaches of the Skies). We will also discuss critical articles about trauma and memory relating to both western and Japanese literature. Texts:

1. Natsume Sôseki, Kokoro. (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1966), pp. 256-288. (tbc) 2. Takahashi Takako, Sora no hate made. (Tokyo: Shinchô-sha, 1973), pp. 5-35; pp.

284-306.

Special Texts: Modern Literature III: Gender in Modern Japanese Literature (TT) Dr Linda Flores This option is designed to explore in depth issues of gender in modern Japanese literature. We will explore works of fiction that address issues of gender alongside discourses on masculinity and femininity. Of particular interest in this option are literary works that challenge stereotypes on female identity, motherhood, and the ryôsai kenbo (good wife-wise mother) model. Examples of these include infanticide mothers, or women who resist the vocation of motherhood, either through acts of violence, through the realm of fantasy, or through engaging in sadomasochism. Topics of discussion will include the archetype of the witch and the infanticide mother in modern Japanese literature; hyper-masculinity, the bushido warrior code, resistance to motherhood, gender-bending and parody. We will also discuss various discourses on issues of gender by scholars such as Ueno Chizuko, Mizuta Noriko, Douglas Slaymaker, Jonathan Mackintosh, Elizabeth Grosz, Judith Butler, Toril Moi and others. Three primary texts will be read for this option: Ohba Minako’s ‘Yamanba no bishô’ (The Smile of A Mountain Witch); Takahashi Takako’s ‘Natsu no fuchi’ (The Edge of Summer); and excerpts from Wataya Risa’s Keritai senaka (The Back I Want to Kick). Texts: (TBC)

1. Ohba Minako. ‘Yamanba no bishô’, in Ōba Minako zenshū 3. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991, pp. 335-351.

2. Takahashi Takako, ‘Natsu no fuchi’ in Ushinawareta e (Lost pictures), Tokyo: Kawade Bunko, 1981.

3. Wataya Risa, Keritai senaka. Tokyo: Kawade Shobo Shin-sha, pp. tbc.

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OVERVIEW OF OPTIONS BY TERM

Michaelmas Term

Core Special Subject Options (one of which is compulsory in the third year; another can be taken in the fourth year)

Classical Japanese Literature Japanese Linguistics Modern Japanese Literature

Other Special Subject Options Japanese Politics Special Text Options

Special Texts Classical Japanese I: The Tale of Genji and The Pillow Book Special Texts Japanese Linguistics I: Boku wa unagi da

(from MT 2014)

Hilary Term

Special Subject Options

Economy of Japan History of the Japanese Language Japanese Politics (see option description for details) Japanese Society Modern History of Japan (but not 2015) Pre-modern Japanese History I: to 1185 (other terms by arrangement) Pre-modern Japanese History II: 1185 to 1853 (other terms by arrangement) Topics in Court Literature (900-1300AD) Topics in Modern Japanese Literature

Special Text Options

Special Texts Classical Japanese II: Warrior Tales Special Texts Classical Japanese III: Haikai from Bashō to Buson Special Texts Japanese Linguistics I: Boku wa unagi da Special Texts Japanese Linguistics II: Linguistic variation Special Texts Modern Literature I: Proletarian Literature Special Texts Modern Literature II: Trauma and Narrative in Modern Japanese Literature

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Trinity Term

Special Text Options

Special Texts Classical Japanese II: Warrior Tales Special Texts Classical Japanese III: Haikai from Bashō to Buson Special Texts Japanese Linguistics II: Linguistic variation Special Texts Japanese Linguistics III: Old Japanese Special Text: Modern Literature II: Gender in Modern Japanese Literature