JANUARY 29, I1892 .] SCIENCE. 67

elaborate the modern catnip leaf, though we recognize its superi-ority over our own shape and appreciate the fact that the mostadvanced, progressive leaves are those most deeply notched. Weare reversions to a more anlcient, primitive type of leaf, like thoseborne by our ancestors. Wben our environment is such that we arestarsved, even at the threshhold of life, we cannot adorn ourselveswith the modern impro,vements, now so commonly worn." " Youwill notice," the leaves co-ntinued, IIthat we grew onl branchesof_the surnmer's seed-stalk. The upper part of it was alreadydead, but the lower portion'had still sufficieint vitality to send outthese feeble branches; they were only able to follow in the old,old rut, worn by preceding"generations, and therefore we are

~simply what you inight,with propriet,y denominate vpry old-fasb-ioned catnip leaves."

I wTas much'impressed by this explanation, but, even though theleaves tbernselves bad answered my query, like Tdhomas of old, I,till doubted.

leaf; but, after. studying the variation of leaves, who can'doubtthat the preseDt crenate leaf is tbe result of evolution.

MRS. Wv. A. KELLERMANq.Columbus, O., Jan. 18.

AMONG THE PUBLISHERS.Outing readers will wvelcome back to its pages the.now re-

nowned world traveller and explorer, Thomas H. Stevens,who withhis cycle girdled the world for Outing, and who has just achieveda successful expedition from the GEermlan Ocean to the Black S3eain a steam launch, despite the dangerous rapids of the Iron Gates.Outing for February opens witb a charming description of I" Cyclingin Mid-Pacific," by Charles E. Trevatban, in wbich the authordraws a pleasant picture of the natives, foliage, flowers, and thedeligbts of wheeling over the snow-wbite coral roads of dreamyTahiti.

-D. Appleton & Co. announce a -new book by Arabella B.Buckleyg, author of II The Fairyland of Science," II Life and HerChildren,"7 etc. The title of this work will be "1 Moral Teachlingsof ScieDce," which the author is said to have invested with specialinterest.

-Macmillan &; Co. announce for publication early in Februarya practical work on electric lighting. The full title of.'the bookis IIA GFuide to Electric Lighting for Householders and :Arna-teurs," and the author is S. R. Bottone, well known by his pre-vious books on electrical subjects. In order to inake the bookthoroughly serviceable to readers in this country the proofs:havebeen read by an American scientist, for the purpose of supplyingauv needed explanation of merely local usage.

Longmans, Green, &; Co. have inl press -a work by the lateFerdinand Praeger, entitled "Wagner as I Knew Ilim." Thebook, which is the outcome of Dr. Praeger's life-long intimacywith Wagner, is a remarka-bly clear, sympathetic, and unpreju-diced bistory of tlve man and the composer, especially valuablefor its frank discussion of episodes in his life usually treated withhesitation by his biographers. Dr. Prae.ger bad the privilege ofreadinag Wagner's autobiography in manuscript, and thus verify-ing his own observations by Wagner's own statements.-The latest publication of Professor Eben N. Horsford con-

cerning the ancient settlernents of the Norsemen in the territoriesof the New England States was publisbed in large quarto'size byDamrell & Upham, Boston, and bears the title, "1 The Landfall ofLeif Erikson, A.D. 1000, and the Site of his Houses in Vineland,.1892." Leif's houses are. placed oin the Charles River. below theFort Norumbega, and a short distance above Boston, Mass. Thebook is very profusely illustrated with photographic views andwith the maps which have come down to us from the earliest ex-plorers of~the sixrteenth century, and so on to the end of the nine-teenth. This collection alone makes of the volume a thesaurusof cartographic informatian surpassed by no other recent p)ublica-tion. The amount 'of historic and topographic information gath-ered from all the earlier historians and other authorities on NewEngland mlatters is enormous, and they a're classed under ,appro-priate headings, of which the principal are as follows:' The Land-fall, Expedition of Bjarni, Thorwald's Exrpedition to Vineland, andSketch of the Thorfinn Expedition to Vineland. Then come aresume, an appendix, and notes. TShis volume of 147 large quartopages, is printed with wide margins, holds 39 maps and illustra-tions, the tyvpographic execution being of the most splendid.,Simultaneously with the above was issued a pamphlet in a smaallerqua,rto Bize, also provided with maps of the New En;-,land coast,entitled, II Sketch of the Norse Discovery of America at the Fsesti-val of the Scandinavian S3ocieties, assembled May 18, 1891, inBoston, on the0casion. of presenting a Testimonial to Eben Nor-ton Horsford in Recognition of the finding of the Landfall of LeifErikson, the Site of his Vineland Home anad of the Ancient NorseC'ityv of Nornu1mbeg,Di in MassacrhusePtts, i-n tbtqFortv_third Degyree."

-The literature of South American etbnology has jUst been en-riched by a fine pictorialI publication in folio, being Nos. 1 and 2of the second volume of tbe "1 Veroffentlichungen," issued fromtime to time by the direction of theRoa uemofEhgapr

NEPETA CATARIA.

ocores and scores of plants were questioned in regard to thecause of this variation from the normal type, and in every casethe same story was told. The leaves borne by the branches of theold seed-stalk were often wholly entire, or crenate only towardsthe base.

All the leaves which grow on the radical shoots are perfectedin their crenate outline to the apex; and, while the leaves of theradical shoots are green, even at this fieason (January), these 'old-fashionl-leaved " branches have long been frozen and dead.

All things unfold according to their enlviro'nment, directed byberedity. In geologic times the ancestral hereditary force pushedon the conaditions; plants and animals responded by adaptation;or, wbere they could not adapt themselves to their ever changingen-vironment, they were left behind, and became extinct. Thelaw of evolntion says: I'Advance with me, or fall from the ranks I"Plants and animals, races, nations and tribes, are yet falling outof rank because they cannot comply with the requirements nec-

essary to endure or cope with the constantly changing cond-itionsg.It took the catnip we know not how long to ove-rstep the entire

Wants.Artyjorson'seekngajoesition for wvhich hc is quali-

fiedby hisscientific attaixmeWs, or any.0erson seekinsgtome oxe to All aj4ositiox of this character, be it thatwofa.efscience, chemist, drautghsa,o J

xot, may, have the ' Want ' inserted under. tJks heardFREE:I OF COST, if he satisfies the oublier of the suit-able character ofsis ajVlicatiox. A nyfierson seekinginformation ox axy scientific questiox, the address ojaxy scextific mfan. or whoA cax in any wavy xse thi-scol-um7 for a jufizepse coxsoxaxt wzith the xature.of thejafier, is cordially ixvited to do so.

ANTED.-(I) A white man versed in wood andV iron workiDg, able to work from specificationsand plans, suited for an instructor of boys; his bus-iness to have charge of shops of school, outline anddirect the work for foremen and students; aalary tobe $1,000 per annum (nine months). (2) A man(blok trtre otahte colored, iron workingand fordg uodnt to the preceding; salary,

$720. () ma(wie-ompetent to take classesin ellgineern (ass san 's position), but with tbeability to perornan of the work r-equired in anlyof tbe ordinary engineering courses of our universi-ties; salary from $1,000 to $1,500. A. H. BEALS,Milledgeville, Gla.

ANTED.-Twro or three efficient compaters withVW goad knowledge of Spherical Trigonometry andready uoe of logarithms, for temporary employmentin the offlce of the Coast and G}eodette Survey. Alp-plicants sthould furnish evidence of their fftneiss. forthe work. Apply by letter to the Superintendent,Coast and Gleodetic Survey, Washington, D.C.

llANTE:D.-Science, No. 178, July 2, 1886, alsoVv ltdex and Title-page to Vol. XVII. AddressN. D. C7. Hlodges, 874 Broadway, New York.

I\YOUNG MAN (3i) would'Ilike a position in. aA college, laboratory, pr observatory, isu also will-ing to assist at a steam engIin~e, et¢. Address J. W.jcare of Science, 874 Broadwray, Newr York.

llANTED.-A position in thke philosophical orVV pedagogical department of a college or uni-versity by a young man (30) who has had five years'practical experien-ce in teaching, and who has donefour years' post-graduate work in philosophy, devot-ing his-attention during the last two years espe-cially to study and oriia ietiaon in scieu-tiflo psychology and isapctonineducation.Address E. A., care £cee,84Boda N. Y.City.

1lANTED.--A suitable position in Washington,VV D. C., not oounected with the Government,and with a. salary not to exceed S-5§a year, by an-experienced biologist -with -six yeara' Universitytraini . Applicaut has, been a skilful surgeon forrourteen years', is a practical photog'rapher, -ear-'tographer- &nd accustiomed to the use of the, type-writer. He is also capable of makinip the mos tin.lshed dawrillgs,- of. any description, for all manerOf illustrative purposes in sciene;.- trained iIn mu-,selim methods and irork; also field op6fttions-nd-taxidermy in its various depatmejto, and model-Xg podutio ofcasts, restorations of paleonto-lo;r8pcim8s ad stmilar empWmoyents. AddressU..R, cre czece, 4'7 Lafayette P>lace, X. Y.

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Mark, s Patent Artificial Limbs with RubberHands and Feet'. advertised in atiother col-umn, have been awarded a long series offirst.premi,um5 by the American Institute,as wvell as the Centennia'l MWedal, and GtoldMedals by.1the Inclustrial Cotto'n Exposi-tion and the World's International and Cot-ton Centennial Exhibition. They have al-ways been the victors in every competitionand are endorsed by the leading surgeons ofthis 'city and country. Hosts &of gratefulwearers, both at home and abroad, testify tothe superiority of this firm, and noiselessrubber foot made onlly by.the well-knxownhouse, the largest in the world.

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-SCIENCE, 00X,A4GEN1CY,874 Broadwray NAiv York.

Exchanges.[Freeofcharge to all, if ofsatisfactory character.

Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.1

Wanted, in exchange for the following works, any-staqndard works on Surgery and on Di-;eases of Children:Wilson's " American Ornithology,"P. 3ols, Coues'"'Birds.of the Northwest " and " Birds of the CZtrado Valley,"2 VOIS.; iNUinot's " Land and Game Birds of New Eng-.land-" Samuels"' Our Northern and Eastern Birds-" allthe keports on the Birds of the Pacific R. R. Su' esbound in. 2 vols., morocco; and a complete set of the'Reports of the Arkansas Geological Survey. Please giveeditions and dates in correspondmng. R. ELSWORTHCALL, High School, Des Moines, Iowa.

Wanted to bu or exchange a copy of Holbrook's.North AmericanMlerpetology, by John Edwards. 5 vols.Philadelphia, 1842. G. BAUR, Clark Univrersity,Worcester, Mass.

For sale or exchanze, LeConte, " Geolo"Oui"sAnatomy, 2 VOSvol *foster, "Phvsiology," ng. eiinShepard,, Appleton, Elliott, and Stern, " Chemity'Jorcian, " Manual of Vertebrates-" " InternationalSsntists' Directory-" Vol. I. .7ournalof goSooy. Bal-Tour, " Embryology," 2 voIs.;CLeidy, " Rhi 0Opds-"Science, z8 vols., unbound.C. T. McCLINTOa,Lexington, Ky.

For sale.-A 6% x 8% Camerai a very fine instrument;with lens, holders atid tnpod', al new- it cost over $40,pnce, $25. E:dw. L. Hayes, 6 Athens 'street, Cambridge,

To exchange Wright's " Ice Age in North America 'and Le Conte's "Elements of Geology" (Copyright z8W2for "Darwinism",by A.R.Wallace,"Origin of Species,"by Daxrwin, "lBescerit of Man," bv Darwin, 'Man'sPlace in Nature," Huxley, "MentYtEvolution in Ani-mals," by Romanes, "Pre-Adamates," by Winchell. Nobooks wanted except latest, editions, andl books in good-condition. C. S. Brown, Jr.., Vanderbilt University,NaslkVille, Tenn.

eFor Sale or Exchan,ge for books a complete pnivatechemicnal laboratory outtfit. I'ncludes' large~Becker 'bal-ance (2oog. to i-i[omg ),.platinum dishes and crucible,agate motors, glass-blowiIg apparatus, etc. For sale inlpart or whole. Also complete file of Siltman'* 9tourxal,1862-188,5 (62-7z bound); Smithscinian Reports, z854-18,83~U. S. Coast. Survey. 1854-il869. Full particulars to en-quirers. F¢. GARISINE-R, JR., Pomfret, Conn.

For exchange or sale at a sacrifice, an elaborate nucro-scope~outfit. Bullock stand; monocular objectivres, one-sixthl homeogreneous immenion, four-tenths, and three.inch, Bautdh & Lomb' also one-fourth and one inchSpencer. Four eye-pieces. Objectives are the best made.

AlrSs Mrs. Marion Smith, 4i Branch Street, Lowell,

SCIENCE. [VOL. XIX . NTO. 46968

fou-nd by the survey, aind gives numerous illustrations in his wsorksof its occurrence on pottery, sepulcbres, and monuments of Britta-ny, I'taly, and particularly India. The Swastika wa's used asone of the emnblems of Buddha worship before the Christian era,and may have spread later into Phonicia. 'This symbol is occa-sionally found in Egypt and China, but, so far as the writer isaware, not in Yucatan or Me'xico. A, cross does occur on thePalestine tablet, but it is not the Swastika. No skeleton in themound indicated a person of more imnportance than No. 248.Copper antlers, 22 x 23 inches, extended from the forehead upwrard.The breast and back were covered with copper plates, bear teeth,and other singular ornaments. Strings of beads; lay ab-out tbeankles and wrists, while at the feet vvere traces of decayedi sandals.The copper horns bad been originally fastened to abelmet of copper,covering the skull from the upper jaw to the base of the occipital.A rough cloth skirt extended from the waist to the knees. Wherethe copper plates came in contact with the fabric it was well pre-served. Beautiful pearl beads anld large bear and panther tuskswere interlaced or strung upon ,tbe front of tbe garment. Theother skeletons were covered with sell beads, and a few copperplates and celts accompanied themn."

-It is the design of the Moderu Science Series, published bvD. Appleton & Co., to provide brief untechnical treatises for theeducated layman who has neither time nor inclination to becomea specialist, but who feels the need of informing himself on the

at }Berlin (80 p. and 16 plates, Berlin, W. Spemann, 1891). Theexplorer, Dr. P. Ehrenre'ich, here presents his observations, studies,aid experience,e from July to November, 1888, among the tribes,of the AragLiaya River in the Brazilian province of Goyaz andthose of the Puru River, a rtributary of the middle. Amazonas.These reports appear under the modest subtitle, "1 Beitralge zu'rVolkerkrunde Brasiliens," and the illustrations in the texat are Justas instructive as those in the plates. Of the Goyaz tribes theKaraya were the chief object of the explorer's studies; among thePuru tribes, the Yamamadi, Ipurina, and Paumari. Tbe accountsgiven of their customs anld manners, implements, weapons, dances,and other merr,ymakings are as interesting as the specimens oftheir -folk-lore, of which many instances are inserted. The masksused in the dances cover the wbole body, and are figured on pages35 and 3B.

-Warren K. Moorehead writes, in the Illustrated American forJan. 30, a most remarkable and interesting story about "4NewRelicE Of the Mound Builders in Ross County, OhiO." One Oftbese.reliCS,.he says, is the seleton Of a Inan With copper helmetWith antlers, and the other is a Swastika cross, oriental in chamaC-ter, and is One Of the first finds ever unearthed to show the Originof tbe Indians. He says in this connection: "' The discovery offour crosNs, which are peculiarly, oriental in character, marks anew epoch in American archmoloxy. -M. G. de Mortiellet, theeminent French antbropologists refers to the same style of cross

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SCIENCE.present status of the various branches of science. The secondvolume is entitled "TWhe Horse: A Study in Natural History," andis intended to especially illustrate some important principles inbiology. It outlines the principal characteristics of the compara-

tive anatomy of the horse and his near relations, the tapir aiid therhinoceros, and shows incidentally how a "missing link," de-scriled by Professor Huxley in 1877. has since been found in theLower Eocene deposits, thus identifying a connection believed tohave existed in the ancient ancestry of the animals. The authoris William H. Flower, C.B., director of the British Natural His-tory Museum.

-" Evolution in Science, Philosophy, and Art " is the title of a

book containing seventeen lectures by Professor John Fiske, Mr.Underwood, Dr. Abbott, Mr. Wakeman, and other able exponentsof evolution, which is to be published immediately by D. Appleton& Co. The principle of evolution being universal, admits of agreat diversity of applications and illustrations, and many which

appear in this volumie are fresh and striking. The scientific lec-tures, as in the case of that by Dr. Alleman on Optics, are oftenof direct practical value. These lectuies when delivered before theBrooklyn Ethical Association attracted general attention. In bookform they are accompanied by a letter froms Herbert Spencer,and by numerous illustrations.-The title of Tyndall's forthcoming book is '- New Fragments."

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JANUARY 29, I892.]

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[VOL. XI X. No. 469

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A TEMPORARY BINDERfor Science is now ready, and will be mailedpostpaid on receipt of 75 cents.

This binder is strong, durable andelegant, has gilt side-title. and al-lows the opening of the pages per-fectly flat. Any number can betaken ollt or replaced without dis-turbing the others. ano the papersare not mutilated for subsequentpermanent binding. Filed in thisbinder, Science is always convenientfor reference.Temporary binders of the same

I-ffj0p description but withouti side title, todtLfB iiiUI fit any paper or periodical of ordi-nary size, will be mailed postpaid on receipt of price asgiven below. In ordering, be sure to give the name ofpaper or periodical and style of binder.

8 to 12 inches long, cloth,$o.5o; leather, $o. 6o.12 14 i' " 60 " 75-14 7 75 1.70.17 9 1.00 1.25.

N. D. C. HODGES, Publisher,874 Broadway, New York.