january 28, 1986. chart given from morton thiokol to nasa e. tufte, pp. 46-47, visual explanations
TRANSCRIPT
January 28, 1986
Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA
E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations
Redrawn (Tufte)
Visual Perception
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How many 3’s?
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The Eye’s Fovea
Gestalt Principles
• Grouping– proximity, similarity, continuity
• Form perception– closure, area, symmetry
Gestalt Principles
• Pop out
Gestalt Principles
• Motion, especially when coming into view
Gestalt Principles
• More difference gets recognized faster• But simultaneous features can overload system
• Gestalt recognition proportional to resolution – i.e., works better in the center (except for motion)
Remember:• Periphery faster• More light
sensitive
Color Orders (Edward Tufte)
Typography
The Competing Hypothesis: Familiarity
“Legibility, in practice, amounts simply to what one is accustomed to” -- Eric Gill, 1931
=> No Robust Evidence for Serif Hypothesis
Implications for UI Design
• Need to think about human capabilities• Need to design for tasks
Put it all together
http://nymag.com/nymetro/health/features/11700/index1.html
Memory
• Three “types”– Short-term memory Conscious thought, calculations– Intermediate Storing intermediate results, future
plans– Long-term Permanent, remember everything
ever happened to us
Memory: Sort Term
• Short Term (Working) Memory (WM) – Gets basic recognition from Sensory Store
• “Stop sign” vs. “red octagon w/white marks”– 7 +/- 2 “chunks”
• 4048946328 vs. 404-894-6328
– WM: NominalRange• Capacity: 7 chunks[5 - 9] chunks• Decay Time: 7 seconds [5 - 226] seconds• Access Time: 70ms [25 - 170] ms
Memory: Long Term
• Long Term Memory (LTM)– “Unlimited” size– Slower access time (100ms)– Little decay– Episodic & Semantic
• Why learn about memory?– Know what’s behind many HCI techniques– Predict what users will understand