jamorama - book 1

8/10/2019 Jamorama - Book 1

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Title page bk1


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Copyright, 2004 Rock Star Recipes Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the prior

written permission of the publisher.


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Contents

Preface...........................................................................................5

Introduction.......................................................................................6

Lesson:

1. Motivation and practice, introduction to chord diagrams, A major

chord, D major chord, introduction to reading guitar tablature..................10

2. Keeping an open mind, introduction to strumming, notes on the

treble clef, first string notes, second string notes.................................15

3. Patience and discipline, E major chord, the repeat sign, notes on

the third string.......................................................................19

4. The key to good practice, G major chord, C major chord, notes

on the fourth string...................................................................21

5. What is talent?, minor chords, A minor chord, E minor chord,

turnaround concept, notes on the fifth string.....................................23

6. Healthy learning, eighth note rhythm patterns,F major chord, the

chromatic scale.......................................................................26

7. Your gear, dominant 7 chords, A dominant 7, D dominant 7, E

dominant 7............................................................................29

8. Positive thinking, silent stroke symbol, notes on the sixth string................. 33

9. Progress and motivation, G dominant 7, C dominant 7, two bar rhythms .......35

10. The musical language, B dominant 7, blues pattern in E major..................37


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11. Practice tips, stave notes in the first position, note values, bass

note picking..........................................................................39

12. Caring for your gear, time signatures, bass note picking in 3/4 time............41

13. Good technique, suspended chords, Asus chord, Dsus chord,

Esus chord, introduction to the Major Scale.......................................44

14. The rounded musician, Asus2 chord, Dsus2 chord..................................47

15. Hammer on technique, pull off technique......................................... 49

Supplementary Chord Refernce....................................................... 51

Index......................................................................................54


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PrefaceWelcome to the Jamorama Rhythm Guitar series of books. This series

is designed to take the guitar student from a beginner level through

to an advanced standard of playing. The series was constructed on

the premise that learning should not be an arduous task. Therefore,

each book is written in a step by step lesson plan with instruction

that is both easy and enjoyable to follow.

Book one introduces the student to open chords on the guitar, basic

guitar rhythm and picking and some simple articulation techniques.

Also, basic music theory is introduced throughout the entire book toaid the student in learning practical applications for the guitar.

The aim of this book is to give the student the best grounding from

which to progress on to intermediate and advanced rhythm guitar

technique. By the end of this book, the student will have a good

understanding of basic rhythm guitar and music theory, and will be

able to play many popular songs.

While this book is a valuable tool and resource for learning, the

guidance of an experienced guitar teacher is recommended as this

will accelerate learning greatly.


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IntroductionBefore you begin working through the lessons in this book, you will need to know the following

information.

The Acoustic Guitar

The Electric Guitar

Getting into Position

The Acoustic Guitar

Tuning machine heads

Nut

Neck

Heel

Sound hole

Pick guard

Saddle

Bridge pins

Soundboard

Bouts

End pin

Waist

Bridge

Body

Headstock

Fingerboard

Frets

Position markers

Truss rod

Strings


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The Electric Guitar

Tuning machine heads

Nut

Neck

End pin

Bridge

Body

Headstock

Fingerboard

Frets

Position markers

Truss rod

Strings

Strap pin

Pickup selector switch

Pickups

Volume controls

Tone controls

Output jack


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Standing Position1. Pick up the guitar and place the strap over your shoulder. Adjust the strap so

that the guitar is positioned mid-body.

2. Use your left hand to support the neck of the guitar.

3. Rest your right hand over the bridge of the guitar.

Getting into positionSitting Positions

There are two sitting positions for holding the guitar; classical and casual.

Classical positionCasual position

1. Pick up the guitar and make sure that the guitar body is supported by your leg.

2. Position yourself at the edge of your chair.

3. Ensure that your back is relaxed but straight.

4. Lean the guitar back towards you slightly.


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Make sure that you never position your hand like this:

Your thumb should never be placedthis low on the neck of the guitar

as it puts unneccessary strain on

your wrist and thunb.

Fretting

When you play the guitar, you use your left hand to press down the strings on the fret board ofthe guitar and use your right hand to pluck or strum the stings at the bridge end of the guitar.

Using your left hand to press the strings on the fret board is called fretting. Here are some

tips you will need to know:

1. Short fingernails are essential.

2. Use only the tips of your fingers to press the strings.

3. When making a chord, be sure that each fingertip is placed directly behind the fret.

We will cover chords in lesson one.

4. Check each string that it rings clearly and is not muted or buzzing.

As a beginner guitarist, it may hurt your fingers to play. This is normal. Every guitarist startsthis way for the first couple of weeks. With practice, you will develop guitar fingers (hard skin

on your fingertips).

Holding the Pick1. Position the pick between thumb and index fingers like in the diagrams below.

Hand PositionsIt is important that you relax your wrists and hands. Straining them can cause injury.

Front view Rear view


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Motivation and Practice

Introduction to Chord Diagrams

The A Major Chord

The D Major Chord

Introduction to Reading Guitar Tablature

Motivation and Practice

The key to success with the guitar is practice, practice and more practice. This is the key tosuccess, but the lock into which the key fits, is motivation. Motivation is a set of internal

systems that drive us to achieve goals. When there is a lack of motivation, there will be a lack

of practice.

Think about yourself for a second. What is your motivation for learning to play the guitar?

Maybe you want to impress your boyfriend/girlfriend. You might be motivated by fame or

success. It could be a desire to fit in. Whatever it is that drives you to learn, that is your

starting point. It is from there that you will progress and your motivation for learning will

change. You will find that the act of learning the guitar will motivate you to learn more. It is

true that the people who simply cant live without the guitar and who live for their musical

passion are the ones that may have the staying power to progress onto becoming an eliteplayer. With enough passion and practice, you can become an elite player.

Understand that, as you learn the guitar, your attitude towards music will change.

Introduction to Chord Diagrams

Fret 1 Fret 2 Fret 3 Fret 4

1

2

3

4

5

6

Strings

A chord is defined as the combination of 3 or more notes played together. For example, the A

major chord is constructed of the notes A, C# and E. We will cover notes a little later. For now,

we will make chords without knowledge of individual notes.

Guitar chords are illustrated by chord diagrams that match with the neck of the guitar. Below

is an illustration of the neck of a guitar.

Note that the fret board is divided into frets. Most guitars have around 20 frets. In this book,

we will focus on the first four, also known as the first position.

Lesson OneLesson Outline:

Guitar neck


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Here is an illustration of a blank chord diagram. Take note of how it matches with the

strings on the guitar on the previous page:

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

45

6


Strings

FingersFingers are given numbers that are placed on the fret of the chord diagram:

For example, the chord A major uses fingers 1, 2, and 3. Look at the diagram below.

The A Major ChordThe A Major Chord is constructed of the notes A, C# (C sharp) and E. It is played using fingers

1, 2 and 3:

2 3

4

1

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

Note that the sixth string in the A major chord diagram is represented by a broken line. The

broken line tells you that you are not to play that string. The sixth string of the A major

chord is not played, but you play the rest.

See if you can make this chord according to the chord diagram. Make sure that you relaxyour wrists and fingers and apply even pressure to each string.

1

2

3

Notice the notes to the left of this diagram: E, B, G, D, A, E. These are the open string notes,

meaning that, if you pluck the strings without placing your fingers on the fret board, these

are the notes that you would hear for each string.


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Exercise: Strumming the A major ChordPosition each finger with care, according to the previous chord diagram. Make sure that each

fingertip is placed directly behind the fret. Firstly, strum across the strings one by one with

your right hand, checking that each string rings clearly and is not muted or buzzing.

Once you are sure that you are holding the A major chord correctly, practice strumming the

chord in single downward strokes. Listen to the audio cd to hear a recorded example of this.Try your best to start your strum from the fifth string each time you strum. A major, doesnt

sound bad if you accidentally hit the top string, although if you want your music to sound

professional, youll want to play this chord properly. Remember to stay relaxed. Your fingers

may hurt a little but they will get stronger.

Now that you are playing the A major chord properly, lets take a look at another chord.

The D Major ChordThe D Major Chord is constructed of the notes D, F# (F sharp) and A. It is played using fingers1, 2 and 3:

Exercise: Strumming the D Major ChordPractice strumming the D major Chord in single downward strokes. Listen to the audio cd to

hear a recorded example of this.

Note: The top two, or fifth and sixth, strings are not played in the D major chord. Make sure

that you start your strum from the third string each time you strum D major, it doesnt sound

bad if you accidentally hit the fifth string, although as with A major above, if you want yourmusic to sound professional, you need to play this chord properly.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Strings

1

2

E

B

G

D

A

E


13

2


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Reading Guitar TablatureGuitar tablature is probably the easiest and most used method for guitar notation. On the

internet, you can find guitar notation for almost any song that you want to learn. Tablature is

easier to learn than traditional music notation because it relates directly to the fret board of

the guitar, indicating where your fingers should be placed. Although it is an easier method to

learn it still has its weak points, the main one being that you cant easily indicate rhythm on

tablature. This means that when you learn a song you have to learn the strum from the songitself.

The following diagram shows you how tablature relates to the guitar fret board:

We use numbers to indicate the string and the fret position that you are supposed to play.

Each fret is numbered, starting at the nut of the guitar at O and moving upwards towards the

bridge of the guitar. The following diagrams demonstrate this principle.

The 3 on the above tablature score (Tab. diagram 1) indicates to you that you place a finger

on the third fret of the sixth string. It is the note G.


1

2

3

4

5

6

Strings

T

AB

T

AB

3

1

Fret board:

Tablature score:

T

A

B

1

2

3

4

56

Tablature has six

lines that indicate

the six strings of

the guitar.

The word TAB at the

beginning of the tablature

score is the abbreviation

for tablature.

Tab. diagram 1

Tab. diagram 2


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The 1 on the tablature score (Tab. diagram 2) on the last page indicates to you that you place

a finger on the first fret of the third string. It is the note C.

The O on the above tablature score (Tab. diagram 3) indicates to you that the third string is

to be played open. This means that you dont need to place a finger on it. It is the note G.

Chords and TablatureChords are indicated by a set of numbers that tell you which frets need to be played and which

dont. The following diagram demonstrates how an open A major chord is constructed withtablature.

The A Major Chord

The first and fifth strings are played open whilst the second, third and forth strings are played

at the second fret. The sixth string is not played in the A Major Chord and this is indicated by

an X.

Often tablature is written beneath traditional music score or stave. The two together looks

like this:

T

A

B

T

A

B

T

A

B

O

O

2

2

2

O

X

4

4

Tab. diagram 3


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Keeping an open mind

Introduction to Strumming

Notes on the Treble Clef

First string notes

Second String Notes

Lesson TwoLesson Outline:

Keeping an Open MindLearning to play the guitar might not be what you had expected. Just remember to keep an

open mind and try to forget any preconceived notions that you may have had about learning

an instrument. Things might be harder to learn than you first anticipated and you may findyourself less motivated to continue practicing. You need to counter this by taking up the

challenge and enjoying it. Try different things to keep your practice interesting and most

importantly, have fun with it.

Introduction to StrummingIn a strum there are two types of guitar stroke. They are up stroke and down stroke.

Throughout this book these strokes will be notated as follows:

Chord A D A D

Stroke

Count 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

This exercise may be difficult on your first few attempts. You may find that your left handstruggles to co-ordinate each chord change with your right hand strum. This is natural and will

take a bit of practice to break. Try to focus on getting right hand consistency first and your

left hand should follow with practice.

3

Up stroke

Down stroke

When you play a stroke, you strum across the strings just in front of the bridge of the guitar

with the pick in your left hand. When strumming a chord, make sure that you play all of the

necessary strings in the chord. The stroke direction will depend on which stroke is indicated;

up or down as shown above.

Exercise:Practice strumming the A major and the D major chords to this down stroke pattern. Strum

four down strokes over the A Major chord and then four down strokes over the D Major chord

and then repeat. You should aim to get a smooth change between the two chords so that thewhole piece flows and is in time. Play along to the audio track for this lesson until you have

mastered it.


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Notes on the Treble ClefA clef tells you which notes are represented by each line and space on the musical stave. We

will look at the G clef or treble clef. It looks like this:

The clef is placed on the stave at the very beginning of a piece of music. When it is the treble

clef, the stave is called the treble stave. Treble stave looks like this:

There are seven notes in the musical alphabet. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

These notes are indicated by the placement of musical notes on the lines and spaces of the

treble stave. Using the treble clef, the bottom line on the stave represents the note E. Thesubsequent notes, F G A B C D, continue up the stave so that F sits in the space above E, G sits

on the line above F, A sits in the space above G, and this continues up the stave and repeats

itself once E is reached, near the top of the stave and then the cycle starts again at E. Notes

can be placed off of the stave on what are called ledger lines (see the following diagram).The

following diagrams will help you to remember the notes on the treble stave.

The notes in the above diagram (e.g. ) are called quarter notes.

Four Four Time SignatureTime signatures tell you what time you are to play the piece of music in. They are written as

two numbers, one above the other. This is the four four time signature:

4

4

This is a bar line. Bar lines areused to divide the stave into

sections that are called bars

or measures.

This is a double bar line.Double bar lines indicate

the end of a piece of

music.

The diagram below shows you where the time signature sits on the stave. There are some

other things on the diagram that you should note.

Four four timesignature.

44

D

C

B

A

G

E

F

E

F G

A B

C

D


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Notes on the First StringKnowledge of the notes that are on each string is necessary for understanding guitar theory.

The first string is also known as the high E string. The main notes in the first position on the

first string are E (open), F (1st fret) and G (3rd fret).

We will use these notes in the following exercise to introduce to you the concept of note

picking.

Exercise:Note picking is a skill that is used in all types of music. For now, we will use it to familiarize

ourselves with the note names on each string in the first position. Pluck these first string

notes with a downward picking motion:

In a time signature, the upper number specifies the numberofbeatsthat there are per bar.

In the above example: the upper number is 4 which tells us that there are 4 beats allowed per

bar. The lower number specifies the note value that is equivalent to one beat in the bar. In

the above example: the lower number is 4. Because a time signature is a fraction, we can

read the bottom number in the above example as ; a quarter. Therefore, in the above four

four example, a quarter note (e.g. ) holds for, or is equivalent to, one beat in the bar.

So, four bars of quarter notes of A in four four time would look like this:

T

A

B

4

4

O O O O 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3

Count: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3 3 3 3

1 2 3 4

4

E F G


4

4


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Exercise:Pluck these second string notes with a downward picking motion:

Dont forget that your fingertips should be directly behind the fret and you should hold those

notes down tight. This will produce a clear sound.

T

A

B

4

4

O O O O 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3

Count: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Notes on the Second StringThe second string is also known as the B string. The main notes in the first position on the

second string are B (open), C (1st fret) and D (3rd fret).

C DB


3 3 3 3

1 2 3 4

5


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E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

1

23

Lesson ThreeLesson Outline:

Patience and disciplinePatience and discipline are two qualities that all great musicians have. You should try to

nurture these qualities in yourself. Do not be discouraged by any signs of slow progress. It

takes time to learn the guitar. Be patient and clock up those consecutive days, even if it is

only 15 minutes a day. At the very least, you should keep your brain thinking about the guitar

every day. Enjoy the thirst and hunger that you have for knowledge and experience. At the

end of the day, you are the one responsible for your own practicing.

Learning the guitar is like learning a language. Those that speak great English speak it

everyday. Those who speak broken English probably dont use it as much, or have not used it

for as long as others. The same goes for guitarists. Those who play great guitar, practice

everyday. Those who play average guitar probably are not practicing as much as they should.

The E Major ChordThe E Major Chord is constructed of the notes E, Ab (A flat) and B. It is played using fingers

1, 2 and 3:

Exercise:Practice strumming The E Major Chord using the following strum.

Chord EEEEE

Stroke

Count 1 2 3 4Remember to start slowly. It is easier to maintain an even strum and smooth chord changes

when you play slowly.

Patience and discipline

The E Major Chord

The Repeat Sign

Notes on the third string

6


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Exercise:Practice strumming A, D and E to the suggested strum. Note that there is a repeat sign after

four bars which means that you go back to the start and repeat the piece.

Notes on the Third StringThe third string is also known as the G string. The main notes in the first position on the third

string are G (open), A (2nd fret) and B (4th fret)

Exercise:Pluck these third string notes with a downward picking motion.

It is normal for your fingers to ache, especially your little finger. However, if you practice each

day your fingers will become strong and more used to the movements required to play the

guitar.

AAAAA D D D D D A A A A A E E E E E

Strum:

Count: 1 2 3 4

A BG

T

A

B

4

4

O O O O 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4

Count: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

The Repeat Sign

This sign is used to instruct you that instead of finishing on the last bar you go back and

repeat the piece from the beginning.

4

4

4 4 4 4

1 2 3 4

7

8



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Lesson FourLesson Outline:

The key to good practice The G Major Chord

The C Major Chord

Notes on the fourth string

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

1

3

2

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

1

23

The key to good practiceBe sure to allow enough time for practice. In your busy and complex life, it can be very hard to

find some time to sit down and work on your guitar. You need to stick to a plan. A routine

means that you have designated practice times for each day. If you know the times that you

will practice during the week, you will be able to maximize your practice productivity and

maintain a constant rate of learning.

Of course, there will be times when your plan gets interrupted by the unexpected. You might

have friends drop by or a party to go to or a doctors appointment to attend. These things will

never stop. You really just need to have a flexible plan so that your practice fits in with your

life. The amazing thing is that over time, your lifestyle and friends will change because of

your practice and your passion for music.

The G Major ChordThe G Major Chord is constructed of the notes G, B and D. It is played using fingers 1, 2 and

3:

The C Major ChordThe C Major Chord is constructed of the notes C, E and G. It is also played using fingers

1, 2 and 3:

9

10


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Exercise:Practice strumming D, A, C and G to the rhythm below.

Notes on the Fourth StringThe forth string is also known as the D string.The notes in the first position that are on the

forth string are D (open), E (2nd fret) and F (3rd fret). It is played using fingers 2 and 3:

D A C GD A C GD A C GD A C GD A C G

Strum

Count 1 2 3 4

E FD

T

A

B

O O O O 2 2 2 23 3 3 3

Count: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2 2 2 2

1 2 3 4

Exercise:Pluck the fourth string notes with a downward picking motion.

44

11

12


4

4


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Lesson FiveLesson Outline:

What is talent?

Minor Chords

The A Minor Chord

The E Minor Chord

Turnaround concept

Notes on the 5th string

What is Talent?Talent is a term that we attach to people, or to skills that people have, when we believe that

they are really good at what they do. Sometimes it seems that some people have talent, or an

advantage or strength at a particular skill due to some innate force. Although it may appear

this way, the chances are that they were not born with their talent. It is more likely that they

had to learn it.

Talent is gained through complex interactions between an individual and their environment

over a period of time. Children who are bought up in a musical environment are more likely to

become talented musicians than children bought up in a less musical environment. If you were

constantly surrounded by music as you grew up, you will probably have a good mental database

of sounds. It is your database of sound that influences your playing and creating of music.

A good database of sound is important if you want to be a great musician, but it wont make

you talented on its own. There are other factors that contribute to being talented such asdiscipline and a sense of artistry.

Think about these questions: When you like something, do you do it a lot? Do you put all of

your energy into it? Do you try to extend yourself both physically and mentally?

If you answered yes to these questions, then you may have the discipline to become a talented

musician. Discipline is important because without it, you will not practice and without practice

you will not have the practical skills to be talented.

So you have a good database of sounds and you feel that youve got the discipline that it takes

to be great, but do you have a sense of artistry. Well, lets see. Think about the followingquestions: Do you experiment with what you already know in order to learn new things? Do

you try to be creative for the sake of it? Do you have a vivid imagination when it comes to

sound? Do you feel a need to be original? If you answered

yes to these questions, then you are well on your way to

being talented.

Hard work is where its at. Practice, listen and experi-

ment with your music. Like a sponge, you really just

need to soak it up. Any musical knowledge that you dont

already know is out there for you to learn. Learn it and

work hard on it, and you will be talented.


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Minor ChordsSo far, the chords that you have learnt have all been major chords. Major chords give music a

happy feel. Minor chords, on the other hand, lend a sad or melancholy feeling to music. Minor

chords are constructed in the same way as major chords except that the third or middle note

of the chord is flattened (something that will be explained in full later in this book).

The A Minor ChordThe A Minor chord is constructed of the notes A, C and E.

The E Minor ChordThe E Minor chord is constructed of the notes E, G and A.

Exercise: Turnaround ProgressionA turnaround progression is a sequence of chords that can be continually repeated due to

strong sounding chord movement between the ending and starting chords. Try the following

turnaround progression:

1

2

3

23

D G Em AD G Em AD G Em AD G Em AD G Em A

Strum

Count 1 2 3 4

In this example, a strong sounding chord change between A and D resolves the progression

back to its starting point.

4

4

13

14

15


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G Am C DG Am C DG Am C DG Am C DG Am C D

Strum

Count 1 2 3 4

4

4

Exercise:Play the following progression.

Once again a strong sounding chord change (D to G) resolves the progression back to

its starting point.

Notes on the Fifth String

B CA

Exercise:Play these fifth string notes with a down/up picking motion.

T

A

B

44

O 2 23 3

Count: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2 2O

The fifth string is also known as the A string.The main notes in the first position that are on

the fifth string are A (open), B (2nd fret) and C (3rd fret).

16

17

Down/up picking:Down Up Down Up


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Lesson SixLesson Outline:

Healthy learning

Eighth note rhythm patterns

The F Major Chord

The Chromatic Scale

Healthy learningThe basis of good learning is good health. On average, people who lead healthy lifestyles have

a much higher rate of learning. What type of lifestyle do you promote? Do you have a healthy

lifestyle or do you live like there is no tomorrow? In the end, only you can decide what is right

and what is wrong for you, but if you want to learn well, it pays to live well.

Good food in your diet is essential. Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables and make sure that your

body gets all the nutrients that it needs to function well. Your diet should be all about balance.

Adding a little sport to your week will keep you fit and feeling good. Try 45 minutes a day of

light exercise and you will start to notice a change in your energy levels quite quickly. A daily

walk will help your bodys metabolism to maximize the minerals and nutrients that you get

from your diet.

Drugs should not be a part of your daily lifestyle. This doesnt mean that you have to give up

and be clean forever. It just means that you shouldnt mess with your brain if you want to

progress. You need to socialize and let go sometimes, but control your life. Dont ever let a

drug control you.

Sleep is important. You need at least eight hours a night to be at your best. Try changing your

sleeping patterns so that they are regular and consistent. This way, your body learns to get

the most out of sleep and you will feel far more alert from the moment that you wake to the

moment that you sleep. It could be the best thing you will ever do for yourself.

Remember, life is a long journey. If you want to maintain a long musical life, look after

yourself.

Eighth Note Rhythm PatternsSo far we have used rhythms that follow a quarter note pulse. It is counted 1 2 3 4. Forexample:

Note

Count

1 2 3 4

The quarter note becomes an eighth note

when halved. The eighth note looks like this:

= Eighth Note

In terms of time, a quarter note is the

equivalent of two eighth notes:

=

(two eighth notes)


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The F Major ChordThe F major chord requires you to hold down the first and second strings with your first

finger. You will need to play these strings with the flat of your finger rather than the tip.

Exercise:Play the following chord progression. Notice the chord changes betweenchords C and G. These changes take place half way through bars 2 and 4.

At first it will be hard to land that F chord and then change to C and G and back to F. Dont

worry a little practice each day will improve your new skill.

2

11

3

F C G F C GF C G F C GF C G F C GF C G F C GF C G F C G

Strum

Count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

4

4

By halving the quarter note pulse we can make an eighth note pulse. It is counted as follows:

1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and. When you strum an eighth note pattern, you strum in a down/up

motion. For example:

Note

Strum

Count

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

18

19


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The Chromatic ScaleThe chromatic scale is based around the seven notes of the musical alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F

and G), however, it contains a few extra musical notes. In its entirety it runs as follows:

A#/BbA B C

C#/DbD

D#/EbE F

F#/GbG

G#/Ab

You have probably noticed that some of the notes in the chromatic scale have two note

names. These notes are called accidentals. They can either be sharp notes, in which case we

we use the symbol #, or flat notes, in which case we use the symbol b. This can be more easily

seen on the keyboard diagram below:

C D E F G A B C D E F G A B

A#/BbC#/Db D#/Eb G#/AbF#/Gb

On the piano keyboard, the black keys are the sharp/flat notes. The note name that you use

depends upon the key that you are playing in. We will look at keys and scales later in this book.

For now, just realize that these notes can either be flat or sharp.

The chromatic scale applies to your guitar in the same way as it does a piano:


Strings

1

2

3

4

5

6E F F#/Gb G G#/Ab

A A#/Bb B C C#/DbD D#/Eb E F F#/GbG G#/Ab A A#/BbB C

BC#/Db D D#/Eb

E F F#/Gb G G#/Ab

Each string on the guitar follows the chromatic scale. Once you get to the 12th fret on each

string, the scale repeats itself.

C D


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Lesson SevenLesson Outline: Your Gear

Dominant 7 Chords

The A dominant 7 Chord

The D dominant 7 Chord

The E dominant 7 Chord

Your GearBuy the best gear that you can and maintain it. Good gear is definitely good for motivating

yourself when it comes to practice time. If you save your money you will be able to reward

yourself for reaching your practice goals. To keep things interesting, try going through the

routine that youve been playing using a new guitar effect. Practicing with a delay or distor-tion effect on, for example, may change the way that your fingers play something.

Always keep your gear in tune. Practice is never good when your gat is out of tune, especially

if youre in a band situation. Good habits during practice will strengthen your motivation.

Dominant 7 ChordsSo far we have looked at major and minor open chords. Some of these chords can be made

into dominant seventh chords by changing the shape of the chord on the guitar. Dominant 7

chords (often called sevenths) are built by adding the minor seventh note of the major scale

to the major chord. For example the A major becomes A dominant 7th

if you add a G note tothe chord (G is the minor seventh note of the A major scale).

See the two A7 shapes that follow. Both shapes consist of the same notes that make up the A

dominant 7thchord. The first shape adds a finger, changing the open E (1ststring) to a G and

creating the minor seventh in the chord. The second shape removes the note A on the 3 rd

string and therefore becomes G which is the open string. In this way both shapes have added

a G to the A major chord to become A dominant 7.

Here are some open dominant seventh chords to learn. You will see that the dominant seventh

adds a nice blues sound to the chord.

1

11

3

The A7 Chord(shape 1)The A7 chord consists of the notes A, C#, E and G

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2

3

1 3

2

41

23

1

2

Seventh chords can be used in place of major chords to add variation to a piece of music.

The A7 Chord (shape2)There is an alternative way to play the A7 chord. It still consists of the notes A, C#, E and G

The D7 ChordThe D7 chords consists of the notes D, F#, A and C. Note also that the sixth string is not played

on this chord.

The E7 Chord (shape1)The E7 chord consists of the notes E, G#, B and D.

The E7 Chord (shape2)There is also an alternative way to play the E7 chord. It still consists of the notes E, G#, Band D.

21

22

23

24


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Exercise:Play the following using shape 1 of the chords A7 and E7

There is an uneasy sound created between the first and seventh notes of the dominant sevenchord. This is known as dissonance.

A A7 D D7 A A7 E E7A A7 D D7 A A7 E E7A A7 D D7 A A7 E E7A A7 D D7 A A7 E E7A A7 D D7 A A7 E E7

Strum

Count 1 2 + 3 4

44

Exercise:Play the following:

D G E A7D G E A7D G E A7D G E A7D G E A7

Strum

Count 1 + 2 3 4

4

4

G E C D7G E C D7G E C D7G E C D7G E C D7

Strum

Count 1 2 + 3 + 4

4

4

25

26

27


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Lesson EightLesson Outline:

Positive Thinking

Silent Stroke Symbol

Notes on the Sixth String

Positive ThinkingA lot can come from positive thinking. People treat you kindly when you are positive. Youll

also find that positive thinking will help you be more productive when you are learning guitar.

More productivity means better practice and that leads to a better band, a better recording

and a better record contract. If you want to go anywhere with music it pays to think positively

about it.

Silent Stroke SymbolIn lesson six we covered an eighth note strum pattern that involved a continuous down/up

strum pattern:

We will now introduce the idea of a silent stroke and incorporate it into this continuous

down/up strum pattern.

When you see these symbols: you do not stroke the strings but let your strumming

hand continue to move over the strings so that the down/up pattern of strum is not broken.

These symbols allow us to write more complex strumming patterns because we can start to

miss out those strokes that fall on the beats 1, 2, 3 and 4 as the following exercise

demonstrates.

Exercise:Play the following chords using the strum provided. Make sure that you dont hit the strings onbeats + of 1 and 3.

Strum:

Count:

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

Em D Em DEm D Em DEm D Em DEm D Em DEm D Em D4

4

29


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Notes on the Sixth StringThe sixth string is also known as the low E string.

Exercise:Pluck the following notes. This time, play the notes with a down/up picking motion.

T

A

B

4

4

Count: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + etc.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O O O O O O O O 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

F GE


30


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1

32

1

23

4

Lesson NineLesson Outline:

Progress and Motivation

The G dominant 7 Chord

The C dominant 7 Chord

Two bar rhythms

Progress and MotivationAn old piano teacher of mine used to record my playing at different times throughout my

terms work. At the end of the term she would give me a tape that contained a selection of

pieces that I had played running from work that I had completed early in the term to the

things that I was working on at the end of the term. I would take this tape home and I wouldplay it to my friends and family. People listening to the tape would say, Man, youre getting

good.

This did two things for me. First of all, it made me go back to my teacher for more lessons.

Secondly, it made me practice more because I could see the benefits of working on something

over time. Basically, the progress that I could hear on the tape motivated me to progress

further.

I strongly recommend that you begin to record your practice sessions for future reference.

The G7 ChordThe G7 chord consists of the notes G, B, D and F. It is played using the fingers 1, 2, and 3

The C7 ChordThe C7 chord consists of the notes C, E, G and A#.

31

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C7 F D7 GC7 F D7 GC7 F D7 GC7 F D7 GC7 F D7 G

Strum

Count

4

4

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

Two Bar RhythmsSo far, the rhythm patterns given play for one bar only and are then repeated for every

following bar. We will make things a little trickier now by introducing some two bar rhythms.

A two bar rhythm is a rhythm phrase that lasts for two bars.

(see the following exercises)

Exercise:Play the following chord progrssion using the two bar rhythm provided. Note that both F and

C are held for two bars each.

F CF CF CF CF C

Strum

Count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

4

4

Exercise:Here are some more two bar rhythms. This time we use two new chords, G7 and C7. Notice

that in this exercise, there are chord changes that occur half way through the two bar

rhythm. This could be hard to coordinate at first. Stay with it though and remember to keep

your right hand consistent.

A7 D7 G7 CA7 D7 G7 CA7 D7 G7 CA7 D7 G7 CA7 D7 G7 C

Strum

Count

4

4

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

33

34

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Lesson TenLesson Outline:

The musical language

The B dominant 7 Chord

Blues pattern in E major

The Musical LanguageIts amazing how people will argue over tab and traditional notation. You might hear things

like, Tab is best for guitarists, and things like, Classical notation is good if you want to be

a session musician.

The truth is, for every positive point that tab has, traditional music notation has an equallypositive point. The idea is to use both. Tab can be an extremely useful tool to learn some skills

fast and easily. Traditional notation, on the other hand, relates to every instrument. Knowing

it enables you to relate to all types of music and musical instrument. Realize that at some

point along the way, you are going to learn all the ways that you can communicate music. Do

not ever limit yourself. Learn it all!

The B7 ChordThe B7 chord consists of the notes B, D#, F# and A. It is played using the fingers 1, 2, 3 and 4.

21

3

4

36


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String: 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

Lesson ElevenLesson Outline:

Practice tips

Stave notes in the first position

Note values

Bass note picking

Practice tipsThe place where you practice is very important. Your practice room needs to be free of

distractions and a place that you can feel totally comfortable in. The best advice is to set up a

permanent practice space in a place that is free from all audio distractions. You want to be

able to leave your gear there exactly how you want it when you return. Get yourself a tableand a comfortable seat and make sure that you have everything that you need available to

you. Make sure that you have the right amount of light so that you arent straining your eyes

when reading music.There are some helpful tools available to you that make practice a lot

better. A tuner will make things a lot easier and sound a lot nicer. A stereo, tape recorder,

metronome, music stand, and instrument stand are also essential to good practice.

Notes on Stave: first position

Exercise:The notes written above can all be found within the first position on the guitar fret. To get

familiar with them, start on the low E note and play up to the top G note. From G play each

note back to the low E note naming each one as you play it. Play this with an down/up picking

motion. Remember to play each fret with its corresponding finger (e.g. 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4)

TA

B

E F F# G G# A A#B C C# DD# E F F# G G# A A#B C C# DD#E F F# G G#

O 1 2 3 4O 1 2 3 4

O 1 2 3 4O 1 2 3 O 1 2 3 4

O 1 2 3 4

Note:

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As you worked through the last exercise, you may havel noticed that the space between the

notes B and C, and the notes E and F, is one of a fret. This space is called a semi-tone. All the

other notes on the fret board are two frets apart. This is called a tone. It is important that

you remember this pattern as all the major scales follow it (see the example below).

C Major Scale

C----------D----------E----------F------------G----------A-----------B----------C

Tone Tone Semi-Tone Tone Tone Tone Semi-Tone

Note Value Revision

4 counts whole note (semibreve)

2 counts half note (minim)

1 count quarter note (crotchet)

1/2 count eighth note (quaver)

Adding a dot ( ) to a note adds half that notes value:

= 3 counts = 1 1/2 counts

T

A

B

32

O2 3

32

3

C Am F G

Count: 1 2 3 4 etc.

4

4

Exercise:In this progression, see if you can play the bass notes whilst holding each chord shape with

your left hand for the full 4 counts of each bar.

Bass note pickingBass notes are those notes that are played on the 4th, 5th and 6th strings. Bass note picking

is a technique where single bass notes are played and then followed by a full chord (see the

following exercise).

.

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41

4

4

C

Lesson TwelveLesson Outline:

Caring for your Gear

Time signatures

Bass note picking in 3/4 time

Caring for your GearAs I mentioned earlier, when you buy gear, get the best that you can afford. You definitely get

what you pay for when it comes to musical equipment. Only share your gear with people that

you really trust. Most people wont look after your gear like you would, so it is probably safer

to just say no.

Protect your gear. An excellent practice habit is to place your guitar in a stand when it is notin use. If you are really passionate about music, youll probably end up spending a lot of money

on it, so invest in some protection. Get a hard case for your gat, one that can handle being

dropped. Keep a nice clean cloth to wipe down your strings after practice. When you clean

your gat, remember to push down firmly on the strings and dont neglect any place along the

fret. Keep the surface of your guitar clean. Clean, shiny guitars look beautiful.

Keep a moisture-collecting pad in your case and change it regularly. Have a spare packet of

strings at all times. If your guitar gets broken, pay a professional to fix it.

You are one of a new breed of guitarist, one that knows all the details of how a guitar is made

and maintained. Learn about your guitar. Take a day trip to the library and read some booksabout guitar craft, pickups and electronics. This way, you will always have well-maintained

and reliable gear.

Time SignatureA time signature denotes two numbers (e.g. 4/4). The upper number specifies the number of

beats per bar and the lower number specifies the note value of each beat.

Example 4 indicates 4 beats per bar

4 indicates that the

beat value is a quarter note (crotchet)

Therefore, a bar of 4/4 (in its simplest form) would look like this:

Another term for 4/4 is common time It is written with the letter C

Count: 1 2 3 4


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3/4 TimeUntil now, all exercises have been written and played in 4/4.

Let us now take a look at 3/4 time signature.

3indicates 3 beats per bar.

4 indicates that the beat value is a quarter note (crotchet)

Example

Exercise:Play this 3/4 rhythm over the E major chord.

Exercise:Play the following chord progression using the 3/4 strum provided.

3

4

Count: 1 2 3 1 2 3

Count: 1 + 2 + 3 +

3

4

Count: 1 + 2 + 3 +

E C G B7E C G B7E C G B7E C G B7E C G B7

Strum:

Strum:

40

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Exercise: Bass note picking in 3/4

T

AB

O3

O3

A G C D A G C D A G C D A G C D A G C D

3

4

Count: 1 2 3 etc.

42


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Lesson ThirteenLesson Outline:

Good Technique Suspended Chords

The Asus Chord

The Dsus Chord

The Esus Chord

Introduction to the Major Scale

Good TechniqueGood technique is the result of regular practice of exercises such as scales, licks and

arpeggios. Because these skills can be played in different timings and at different speeds,

achieving good technique requires loads of practice.

Take the example of a turn-around chord progression like one of those that you have learnt

already. It could be put into a 4/4 time and be very simple and easy to play, but how does the

same progression sound in or with a reggae strum or with jazz chords? At the end of the

day, the more techniques you have the better your technique will be and the more versatile

your song writing will become.

Someone with good technique will be able to play a progression fast or slow or with a different

feel and still play with precision and clarity. You must realize that speed comes from practice.

To gain speed initially, you need to start slow and build up speed slowly. Its best to cement a

particular skill by playing it slowly. Then once it has stuck, you should practice it at speed to

enable yourself to perform that skill at any speed you like. This produces precision. With outpractice, you will find that most people have a speed/accuracy trade off. The faster you go

the bigger the mess.

Suspended ChordsSuspended, or sus chords are used by guitarists because they provide an open and incomplete

sound. There are two types of sus chord. One type is sus4 and the other is sus2. Sus chords are

built the same way that major chords are built except that their middle note changes from

that of the major chord. Major chords are built from notes 1, 3 and 5 of the major scale (we

look at the major scale later in this lesson). The middle note in a sus chord, however, is

replaced by either notes 2 or 4 of the major scale. Sus4 is made of the notes 1, 4 and 5 of the

major scale and sus2 is made of the notes 1, 2 and 5.

Because the middle note in the sus chord is different to that of a regular major chord, there

is an uneasy quality to its sound.

The Asus4 ChordThe Asus chord consists of the notes A, D and E

31

2

4

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The Dsus4 ChordThe Dsus chord consists of the notes D, G and A

The Esus4 ChordThe Esus chord consists of the notes E, G, A and B

2

1

43

1 243

Exercise:Play the following chord progression using the suggested strum pattern.

Strum

Count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

A Asus4 A DA Asus4 A DA Asus4 A DA Asus4 A DA Asus4 A D Dsus4 D Dsus4 D Dsus4 D Dsus4 D Dsus4 D

A Asus4 AA Asus4 AA Asus4 AA Asus4 AA Asus4 A E E E E E

DDDDD A E Esus4 EA E Esus4 EA E Esus4 EA E Esus4 EA E Esus4 E

4

4

44

45

46


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The Major ScaleThe major scale is probably the most common scale used in music. It has a happy quality about

it. It feels complete, with no need for resolve. An example of a major scale is shown below.

C Major Scale

Exercise:

T

A

B

2

O2

3O 2O

1

I II III IV V VI VI VIII

Play the above scale from start to finish and then play the scale in reverse, back to the

starting position on C on the fifth string.

Each note in a scale is given a number (written in roman numerals). You may notice that

between the notes III and IV, and the notes VII and VIII there is a distance of one fret; this is

a semi-tone. All the other notes are separated by two frets or a whole tone. This is the case

for all major scales.

Tone Tone Semi- Tone Tone Tone Tone Semi-Tone

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Lesson FourteenLesson Outline: The rounded Musician

The Asus2 Chord

The Dsus2 Chord

The Rounded MusicianApart from lessons and exercises, what else should you do to learn your craft? One idea is to

build a library of music books. These could be anything that you are interested in, from flute

to old piano music. Many books can be found at garage sales or second hand bookshops.

Collect old and new. Keep updated by reading guitar magazines.

If you love an artist, buy the official book, listen to the CD and play along. An excellent skill isto be able to play a song all the way through with a CD on in the background, especially when

the tune pushes your ability.

Start a black book. Alphabetically file every new scale and riff or lick you are learning and have

mastered. Take a lick or scale every once and a while and use it in your practice. Play the lick

all over the guitar. Start slow and play until your fingers are breaking the sound barrier. For

those who wish to push their brain, try to play every lick or solo or scale you have learnt, in

reverse (a couple of months work right there).

The Asus2 chordThe Asus2 chord consists of the notes A, B and E.

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

2

1

E

B

G

D

A

E

1

2

3

4

5

6


Strings

31

The Dsus2 ChordThe Dsus2 chord consists of the notes D, E and A.

48

49


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Exercise:Try the following progression. It uses both types of sus chord and major chords.

A Asus2 A Asus4A Asus2 A Asus4A Asus2 A Asus4A Asus2 A Asus4A Asus2 A Asus4

D Dsus2 D Dsus4D Dsus2 D Dsus4D Dsus2 D Dsus4D Dsus2 D Dsus4D Dsus2 D Dsus4

4

4

Strum:

Count: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

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Lesson FifteenLesson Outline:

Hammer on Technique

Pull off Technique

Hammer on TechniqueThe Hammer on is a technique that allows you to move smoothly from one note to a higher

note without plucking the string with your right hand. It is achieved when you pluck a

particular note and then using a fretting finger, strike a note above it on the same string. The

effect is a second note sound that is more subtle than a plucked note.

Exercise:With your first finger, hold down the first fret on the first string (See diagram 1). This the

note F. Now, pluck the string and follow it by placing your 3rd finger on the 3rd fret (See

diagram 2). When you do this, make sure that you hammer down onto the string. The result

should be that you played the third fret note, G, without having to pluck the string with your

right hand. This is a hammer on.

The hammer on is notated as follows:

(1) (2)

T

A

B

31

H

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Pull OffThe pull off allows you to move smoothly from one note to another lower note without

plucking the string with your right hand. It is achieved when you flick the string with a fretting

finger as it pulls away from a particular note on the fret board.

Exercise:Hold your third finger down on the third fret of the first string. This is the note G. Place yourfirst finger on the first fret of the first string (See diagram 1). This is the note F. Now, pluck

the string with your right hand and you will have played the G note. While it is still ringing,

pick the string with your third finger as you remove it from the string (See diagram 2). The

result should be that you have played the note F without plucking it with your right hand.

The Pull Off is notated as follows:

(1) (2)

T

A

B

3 1

P

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1

2

3

3

4

1

3

4

1

2

1

2

3

3

4

1

1 2

3

1

3

2

1

1 1

2

3

2

3

1

1

2

3

1

1

1

2

3

1

1

1

4

AAAAA A#/BbA#/BbA#/BbA#/BbA#/Bb BBBBB

Supplementary Chord Reference

Major chords in open position.

CCCCC C#/DbC#/DbC#/DbC#/DbC#/Db DDDDD

D#/EbD#/EbD#/EbD#/EbD#/Eb EEEEE FFFFF

F#/GbF#/GbF#/GbF#/GbF#/Gb GGGGG G#/AbG#/AbG#/AbG#/AbG#/Ab


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Minor chords in open position.

1

2

3

3

4

1

4

2

1

3

2

3

1 2

3

1

2

3

1

3

1

1 1

1

1

3

AmAmAmAmAm A#m/BbmA#m/BbmA#m/BbmA#m/BbmA#m/Bbm BmBmBmBmBm

CmCmCmCmCm C#m/DbmC#m/DbmC#m/DbmC#m/DbmC#m/Dbm DmDmDmDmDm

D#m/EbmD#m/EbmD#m/EbmD#m/EbmD#m/Ebm EmEmEmEmEm FmFmFmFmFm

F#m/GbmF#m/GbmF#m/GbmF#m/GbmF#m/Gbm GmGmGmGmGm G#m/AbmG#m/AbmG#m/AbmG#m/AbmG#m/Abm

2

2

1

4

3

4

2

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1


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Dominant Seventh chords in open position.

2

3

1

1

2

1

2

3

1

2

1

2

3

1

1

1

1

2

A7A7A7A7A7 A#7/Bb7A#7/Bb7A#7/Bb7A#7/Bb7A#7/Bb7 B7B7B7B7B7

C7C7C7C7C7 C#7/Db7C#7/Db7C#7/Db7C#7/Db7C#7/Db7 D7D7D7D7D7

D#7/Eb7D#7/Eb7D#7/Eb7D#7/Eb7D#7/Eb7 E7E7E7E7E7 F7F7F7F7F7

F#7/Gb7F#7/Gb7F#7/Gb7F#7/Gb7F#7/Gb7 G7G7G7G7G7 G#7/Ab7G#7/Ab7G#7/Ab7G#7/Ab7G#7/Ab7

1

4

3

2

1

2

1

1

1

2

2

3

1

4

2

3

4

1

3

4

23

1


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Index

AA dominant seven chord, 29, 30

A major chord

- chord diagram, 10, 11

- tab diagram, 14

A minor chord, 24

A note, 16

A string, 25

A suspended 4, 47

A suspended 6, 44

Accidentals, 28

Acoustic guitar, 6, 7

Alphabet, musical, 16

B

B dominant 7 chord, 37

B note, 16

B string, 18

Bar line, 17

Bass note picking, 40

- in , 43

Blues

- in E, 38

Body, of the guitar, 6, 7

Bouts, 6, 7

Bridge, 6, 7

C

C dominant 7 chord, 35

C major chord, 21

C major scale, 40, 46

Chord, 10

Chord diagrams, 10

Chromatic scale, 28

Clef, treble, 16

Common time, 41

Crotchet, 40

D

D suspended 2 chord, 47

D suspended 4 chord, 45

D dominant 7 chord, 30

D major chord, 12

D note, 16

D string, 22

Dominant 7 chords, 29

Double bar line, 38

E

E dominant 9, 30

E major chord, 19

E minor chord, 24

E note, 16

E string

- high, 17

- low, 34

E suspended 4 chord, 45

Eighth note, 26, 40Eighth note strum, 26

Electric guitar, 6, 7

End pin, 6, 7

F

F major chord, 27

F note, 16

Fifth string notes, 25

Fingerboard, 6, 7Fingers, 11

First string notes, 17

Forth string notes, 22

Four four time, 16

Fret board, 6, 7, 10

Frets, 6, 7

Fretting, 9


55/55

G

G dominant 7 chord, 35

G major chord, 21

G note, 16

G string, 20

H

Half note, 40

Hammer on, 49

Hand positions, 9

Headstock, 6, 7

Heel, of guitar, 6, 7

M

Major chords, 10

Major scale, 46

Minor chords, 23

N

Neck, of guitar, 6, 7

Notes

- treble clef, 15

- values, 40

Nut, 6, 7

P

Pick, 9

Picking, 17

Pick guard, 6

Position markers, 6, 7

Pull off, 49

Q

Quarter note, 18

Quaver, 40

R

Repeat sign, 20

S

Saddle, of guitar, 6, 7

Score, 14, 16

Second string notes, 18

Silent stroke, 33

Sitting position, 8

Sixth string notes, 34

Sound hole, 6, 7

Soundboard, 6, 7

Standing position, 8

Stave, 14, 16

Strings, 6, 7Strumming, 15

Suspended chords, 44

T

Tablature, 13

Third string notes, 20

Time signature, 41

Treble clef, 16

Truss rod, 6, 7Tuning machines, 6, 7

Turn around concept, 24

Two bar rhythms, 36

U

Upstroke, 15

W

Waist, of the guitar, 6, 7

jamorama - book 1

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