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basic information ona topic of currentinterest.The clinicsare another avenuewhere experts in thefield volunteer toprovide free consul-tancy to engineers at the conferencewho bring technical issues from theirwork. Finally, the industry exchange pro-gram provides opportunities to indus-tries to discuss fluids engineering relatedactivities in their companies.

This meeting had large emphasis inthe development and application of modelingand computational fluid dynamics (CFD).About 400 contributed papers andkeynote papers were presented.There arefive symposiums and forums that addressapplication of CFD for automotive andlarge facilities, and numerical methods inCFD, both single and multiphase flows.The four plenary talks addressed differentaspects of computation and modeling.

FEDSM is also a place to recognizeour colleagues through various awards.The award recipients were as follows; PaulCooper-Fluids Engineering Award, JeanBataille- Calvin W. Rice Award, GaneshRaman,Andrew Mills, Shadi Othman,Valdis Kibens- Lewis F. Moody Award, andWilliam K. George, Xia Wang, LucianoCastillo- Robert T. Knapp Award. Manyof our colleagues in FED have madenotable contribution to the professionand should recognized with suitableawards and membership rank of fellow.We should all make an effort to sponsordeserving members.

FED also participated in IMECE inNovember 17-22, 2002 in New Orleans.The emphasis in this meeting was onjoint sessions with other Basic Engineering

divisions. FED sponsored about 30 sessions.This year FED sponsored two studentcompetitions;Young Engineer Paper Contestand Senior Design Project Report Contest.The winners for Young Engineer Papercontest were Jared E. Campbell andRichard W. Coppom, and the winnersfor Senior Design Project Contest wereBrent S. Mitchell , Michael Duffy, BillEngisch, David Heritage, and Rabon Jones.In addition, Prof. Stathis Michaelides deliv-ered his Freeman lecture in this meeting.

FED future plans include joint meet-ing with JSME Heat Transfer Division inCharlotte in July 11-15, 2004, summer-2005 meeting in Houston in June withemphasis on process industry, JointEuropean-American Fluids Engineeringmeeting in summer of 2006 in Miamiand Joint ASME/JSME meeting in summerof 2007 in west coast.

The Journal of Fluids Engineering (JFE)continues to grow in number of submis-

continued on page twelve

OUTGOING CHAIR’S MESSAGE Upendra S. ( Kumar) Rohatgi., Chair

Last year FED had two successful meetings, developed new partners for

future joint meetings, enlarged ourinteraction with the industry, expandedour student program, and increased thenumber of pages for the Journal of FluidsEngineering. Our long term goal is todevelop joint meetings and activitieswith societies outside of ASME withinterest in Fluids Engineering.

We held our annual divisional con-ference, the FEDSM, in Montreal, Canada,July 14-18, 2002. This was a joint con-ference with Association Francaise deMecanique (AFM), Society of GermanEngineers (VDI-GVC), and UK Instituteof Mechanical Engineers (I Mech E).

This conference had five plenarytalks, twelve symposiums, twentyforums, three general papers sessions.Furthermore, it also sponsored twotutorials, a clinic session, two work-shops, two continuing education shortcourses, and one industry exchange pro-gram.The plenary sessions provide theattendees an opportunity to hear anoverview from experts in fluids engi-neering. Symposiums provide theresearchers an opportunity to presentcomplete work of current or archivalvalue.The forums are a place to presentongoing work.The workshops are givenby industries to educate and train engi-neers who are interested in their prod-ucts such as computational tools orinstrumentation.The ASME ContinuingEducation Institute has co-located theirregular short courses related to fluidsengineering to provide opportunities toshort course participants to attendmany of the sessions. FED also providestwo other services to the attendees:tutorials and clinics.The tutorials arepresentations by experts to provide

James C. Meng, Editor

SUMMER 2003

Fluid Applications and Systems Technical Committe Report: May 2003 2

Technical Committee Report: Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation Technical Committee 2

2004 ASME Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference 3

Editorial 4

Fluid Mechanics Technical Committee (FMTC) 5

Benchmarking Industrial Flows for CFD Code Validation 6

Professional Development 7

Dancing Bubbles in Turbulent Flows:PIV Measurements and Analysis 8

2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD&D Expo 9

Fluids Engineering Award 10

Robert T. Knapp Award 10

Lewis F. Moody Award 10

A Message from the 2003 Summer Conference Chairs 11

Committee Rosters 2003-04 12

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FLUID APPLICATIONS ANDSYSTEMS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORT: MAY 2003 Awatef Hamed, Chair FASTC

The Fluid Machinery Forum is sched-uled every FED Summer Meeting to pro-vide an opportunity for presentation ofcurrent work in the area of fluid machin-ery.The informal nature of the forumallows the presentation of the results ofongoing work, which are not yet com-pleted for ASME formal presentation.Theforum also provides an avenue of discus-sion and an exchange of information.Thetenth Fluid Machinery Forum was held inHonolulu, Hawaii July 2003.

The 2003 Forum includes shortpapers dealing with different areas offluid-handling machinery such as designmethods, theoretical analysis includingCFD, experiments, performance charac-

teristics, off-design performance, scaling,NPSH, etc.The types of machinery pre-sented this year are various types of fans,compressors, inducer, screw and centrifu-gal pumps, wind and hydraulic turbines,control valve for cryogenic flow, GasTurbine internal cooling flow, servo valve,S-duct diffuser, inlet guide vanes for verticalturbine pumps, nozzles for ship propulsion,artificial heart valves, etc.The tenth FluidMachinery Forum has 29 papers.Thepapers have been contributed from indus-try, academia, and government, and reflectsome of the ongoing research in the fluidmachinery area in many countries, includ-ing Canada, France, Germany, India, Japan,Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and USA. �

The Fluid Applications and SystemsTechnical Committee (FASTC) is thecommittee of the Fluids Engineering

Division (FED), which addresses ASMEactivities involving fluid mechanics systemsand applications of fluid mechanics tech-nology. These activities include fluidmachinery and components, industrial andenvironmental applications of fluid mechanics,and fluid transients and structural interac-tion. FASTC facilitates the organization offorums and symposia that focus on thesespecific activities.

FASTC continues the tradition withthe seventh International Symposium onthe Advances in Numerical Modeling ofAerodynamics and Hydrodynamics inTurbomachinery that was held in Honolulu,Hawaii July 2003.The thrust of the sympo-sium is to provide a platform for presentingresults and exposing recent developmentsin computational aerodynamics and hydro-dynamics in the area of turbomachinery.

The seventh symposium consists of25 contributed papers in several differenttechnical areas including Axial and CentrifugalTurbomachinery; Hydrodynamics inTurbomachinery; Cavitation and Hydro-acoustics;Turbine Technology and Method-ology Development. From the contributedpapers, we see that turbomachinery CFDhas emerged from the steady single-blade-row calculations to those challenge calcu-lations such as computations for 3-D multi-blade-row/multi-component unsteady flows,LES for tip clearance flows, multi-phaseflows and cavitation breakdown.Thestructured gridding scheme dominates thepast two decades. The unstructuredscheme, on the other hand, is gaining pop-ularity due to its flexibility in dealing withever-increasing complex geometries.There are papers introducing new way ofpredicting skin friction with roughness,revisiting fan scaling law, and developingblade shape optimization method. Thecontributed papers have clearly suggestedthat the industry is heading to more usageof CFD in turbomachinery designs andwilling to expand CFD efforts in investi-gating more difficult problems such as cav-itation and turbomachinery noise.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORT:Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation Technical Committee

(formally Coordinating Group on Fluid Measurments) April, 2003

flows, and many others. It also deals withexperimental uncertainties and thedevelopment and applications of newmeasurement methods. Since measure-ment techniques and their applicationsoften require the integration of severaltechnologies and disciplines this technicalcommittee interacts strongly with otherdivisions and areas of interest withinASME such as heat transfer, turboma-chinery, multiphase flow, bioengineeringand others.

The FMITC meets regularly at theIMECE and the FED Summer Meeting.The last meeting was in New Orleans atthe 2003 IMECE. Future technical ses-sions and their corresponding lead andassistant organizers were established forIMECE 2004 and FEDSM 2004.The busi-ness of the meeting also included discus-sions concerning the liaisons with othertechnical committees within and outsideof FED, identification of possible futureassociate editors for the Journal of FluidsEngineering, and Honors and AwardsCommittee.The Committee is open tonew membership and welcomes those

continued on page 5

The Fluid Measurement andInstrumentation Technical Committee(FMITC) is the ASME Fluids

Engineering Division committee thatdeals with experimental measurements,from both a theoretical and applicationsperspective.This committee was previ-ously named the Coordinating Group onFluid Measurements (CGFM).This namechange better reflects the primary activi-ties of the membership which are toidentify, coordinate and oversee the tech-nical sessions, workshops, and tutorialsdealing with instrumentation methodsand measurement techniques relative tofluid mechanics. Currently, enrollment inthe Committee is over 75 members.Because measurement requirements andapplications are strongly linked withother fundamental issues in fluid mechan-ics applications, this technical committeemust interact strongly with other techni-cal committees within FED.TheCommittee deals with all aspects of themeasurements associated in a variety offluid flows, including single and multiphaseflows, subsonic and supersonic flows,industrial applications, environmental

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2004 ASME Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference

(Sponsored by the Fluids Engineering and Heat Transfer Divisions of ASME International andco-Sponsored by the Transport and Energy Processes Division of AIChE)

Westin Charlotte & Convention Center, Charlotte, NC,

July 25 – 29, 2004

FIRST CALL FOR PAPERSThe technical program committee is soliciting papers for the 2004 ASME Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference, which is ajoint conference sponsored by the Fluids Engineering Division and Heat Transfer Division, to be held in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Papers on all aspects of fluids engineering, and heat and mass transer are sought, including, but not limited to the following:

A standup presentation of the paper at the conference session by one of the authors is required for each paper.The format ofthe paper may be a full paper (6-8 pages), or short papers (2-3 pages).The details of specific sessions, their topical scope andchairs/co-chairs, and step-by-step guidelines for abstract and paper submissions and their formats will be available at the conference website www.asme.org

Time-line for Technical Program (Web-based submission/notification):

Direct questions to the respective division Co-Chairs of the Conference Technical Program Committee:

• Forum on Multiphase Flows and their Applications• Symposium on Boiling Heat Transfer and Multiphase Flows in Microsystems• Benchmarking CFD & Verification Problems for Computational Heat Transfer• Symposium on Applications of CFD and Computational Heat Transfer• Advancements and Applications of DNS/LES in Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer• Transport Phenomena in Manufacturing & Material Processing• Forum on Free Surface Flows and Interfacial Fluid Dynamics• Energy Transfer in Environmental Systems• Forum on Thermal-Fluid Measurements and Instrumentation• Heat Transfer in Electronic Cooling Equipment• Transport Phenomena in Heat Transfer Equipment• Forum on Cavitation and Fluids Machinery• Computational Heat Transfer for Hazardous Waste• Transport Phenomena in Gas-Solid-Liquid Three-Phase Flows • Visualization of Micro/Nano Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer• Predictions of Aero-Acoustic Noise Generated by Turbo-machines• Numerical Modeling of Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics in Turbomachinery • Computational Heat Transfer in Porous/Composite Media

• Computational Heat Transfer for Biological Applications• Radiative Heat Transfer in Participating Media• Algorithmic Developments in CFD• Thermal-Hydraulics of Advanced Reactors• Fundamentals and Applications of Boiling and Condensation• Stochastic Heat Transfer• Computational Heat Transfer with Electric and Magnetic Fields• Mesh Generation, Mesh Quality, and Meshless Computations• Numerical Methods in Multiphase Flows• Non-Invasive Measurements: Symposium on Vehicular Flows• Convection in Separated/Reattached Flow• Multi-Scale Methods for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer• Turbulent Heat Transfer • Fundamental Problems in Mass, Momentum & Heat Transfer • General Papers in Fluids Engineering and Heat Transfer • 4th International Symposium on Fluid Power• 5th International Symposium on Fluid-Structure Interactions and Flow

Induced Noise in Industrial Applications

Dr. S. Gopalakrishnan(Fluids Engineering Division of ASME)Pump Division,Technology DepartmentFlowserve CorporationPhone: (323) 587-6171Fax: (323) 586-4192E-mail: SGopalakrishnan@Flowserve.com

Prof. Raj M. Manglik(Heat Transfer Division of ASME)Department of Mechanical, Industrial &Nuclear Engineering, University of CincinnatiPhone: (513) 556-5704Fax: (513) 556-3390E-mail: Raj.Manglik@uc.edu

Prof. Joel Plawsky(Transport and Energy Processes Division of AIChE)Rensselaer Polytechnic InstitutePhone: (518) 276-6048Fax: (518) 276-4030E-mail: plawsky@rpi.edu

Abstracts for Symposium/Full-Length Papers October 1, 2003 Notification of Abstract Acceptance October 15, 2003 Full-Length Draft Manuscripts December 15, 2003Forum Abstracts February 2, 2004Notification of Forum Abstract Acceptance February 16, 2004Short Papers February 23, 2004Notification of Draft Manuscript Acceptance March 1, 2004Notification of Short Paper Acceptance March 23, 2004Camera Ready Final Paper / Short Paper & Copyright May 17, 2004

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The end of 2002 brings about sever-al changes to the Journal of FluidsEngineering. First, several Associate

Editors have completed their terms andnew ones have joined us. I would like toexpress my gratitude to the departingAssociate Editors, whose valuable andthankless service is critical for the successof the Journal. Bruno Schiavello has servedfor two consecutive terms, and Dr. JamesBridges, Prof. George Karniadakis, Prof.Yoichiro Matsumoto and Lisa Mondy haveeach completed a three-year term.Professor Yoshinobu Tsujimoto also com-peted a three-year term, but graciouslyaccepted my request to stay on theEditorial board for another term. He willcontinue providing his unique expertise,which combines applications and theoreti-cal modeling of complex (single phase andcavitating) turbomachinery flows.

Four new Associate Editors have joinedus, and I would like to introduce and wel-come them. Dr. Fernando Grinstein fromthe Naval Research Laboratory is anexpert in computational fluid mechanics,and has done substantial research in com-putations of turbulent shear flows. Dr.Grinstein was also a primary driving forcebehind the special issue on applications ofLarge Eddy Simulations (LES). Prof.Sivaramakrishnan Balachandar from theUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignis an accomplished expert in applicationsof Direct Numerical Simulations to mod-eling of heat transfer, structure and stabilityof wakes and boundary layers, and flowsaround bluff bodies. He will join the multi-phase flow group and will provide essentialsupport for the growing number of papersinvolving computational aspects in thisarea. Professor Kyle Squires from ArizonaState University has substantial experiencein applications, Large Eddy Simulations,and evaluation of associated subgrid stressmodels. He has also been involved in themodeling of solid-particle flows, and inapplications of CFD in separated flows.His wide range of experience will supportboth the extensive activity involving tur-bulence modeling and the multiphase group.We are also happy to have Professor DennisSiginer, the Dean of Engineering at Wichita

State University, on board. He has madesubstantial contributions to the areas ofrheology of non-linear materials, flow andheat transfer in non-Newtonian flows andflows in porous media. I am happy thatthis distinguished group has agreed tojoin us, and am looking forward to work-ing with them, taking advantage of theirexpertise and willingness to contribute.

Second, during 2002 JFE had parts ofthree issues dedicated to specific topics.Initiated and organized by Prof. Karniadakis,the March issue contained eight solicitedpapers dedicated to uncertainty innumerical analysis. In the June issue, wepresented a series of eleven papers deal-ing with pump flows.These papers wereselected and recommended by Dr.AdielGuinsberg and Dr. Paul Cooper frompapers presented at a symposium onpump flows that they had organized.Theyalso assisted us in the expedited reviewprocess.The December issue contained acollection of papers on applications ofLarge Eddy Simulations.These papers wereselected by Dr. Grinstein and Prof.Karniadakis, who also oversaw the reviewprocess. It is evident that such specialissues greatly enhance the quality of theJournal, and improve the service that weprovide to the community.We would liketo thank our colleagues who initiated andcontributed to these efforts, and hope tocontinue to offer these special sectionson other topics.

Third, starting from January 2003, JFEis being transitioned from a quarterly(four issues per year) to a bi-monthly, i.e.to six volumes peryear.The number ofpages allocated tothe Journal has alsobeen increased byabout 15%, enablingus to increase thenumber of publishedpapers and accom-modate the increasednumber of submit-ted manuscripts.

Fourth, a pri-mary concern is tosupport the authors

EDITORIAL Joseph Katz, Technical Editor

with reliable, efficient and expedited serv-ice. In order to reduce the review timeand provide closer monitoring of thereview process,ASME has developed anonline manuscript submission and reviewsystem.This new system has in develop-ment and testing for several months, andhas been made available for trial to sever-al journals, including JFE.Authors are wel-comed to submit papers at http://journal-tool.asme.org effective immediately.Wehope that the new journal tools willimprove the service that we provide tothe authors, and that adapting to it willcause few problems. For the time being,authors are also welcomed to submittheir papers as before, either by email oras hard copies. Once we get accustomedto this system, we believe that the reviewprocess will be significantly improved andexpedited.

Last but not least, I would like toexpress my gratitude to Mrs. LaurelMurphy, the Editorial Assistant of JFE.Asall of you who have communicated withour office over the past few years alreadyknow, Laurel is the primary driving forcethat actually makes the Journal function.In addition to managing the office, shesupports several of the Associate Editorswith communications/administration,helps me in finding referees for paperswith uncommon topics, reviews and helpsmany authors to improve the style ofpapers, and nags me (as well as otherpeople involved with the Journal) whencertain tasks need to be performed.Weare lucky to have her. �

TECHNICAL COMMITTEEREPORTcontinued from page two

from a diverse background of technicalinterests.We plan to expand the techni-cal sessions offerings to encompass awide variety of application areas.To thisend we encourage those interested toattend the scheduled meetings, or tocontact the current Chair.

For more information see the web page

http;/www.asme.org/divisions/fed or contact Dr. Jim Liburdy of

Oregon State University,the current Chair at

liburdy@engr.orst.edu or Ms. Judith Bamberger of

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,the current Vice-Chair, at

judith.bamberger@pnl.gov.

The Fluid Mechanics TechnicalCommittee (FMTC) serves as thefocal point within the ASME for

technical activities in fundamental fluidmechanics.The main activity of FMTC isto organize symposia and forums relatedto all aspects of basic fluid mechanics.Thecommittee strives to provide timely tech-nical information to the ASME member-ship through well organized technical ses-sions. In addition to conducting successfulconferences, the past Chair (GaneshRaman) helped streamline the technicaloperation of the TC, as well as, encouragingnew and younger members to activelyparticipate in the TC activities. There arefour subcommittees within the FMTC,covering the areas of external, internaland unsteady flows, as well as, unconven-tional/emerging topics in fluid mechanics.Members are welcomed to participate

and to help organize the technical ses-sions and other activities of the FMTC.The FMTC meets twice per year, at theFEDSM in the summer and at the IMECEin the fall. General information aboutFMTC including planned symposia/forumsas well as past minutes of business meetingscan be found on our web page(http://www.asme.org/divisions /fed/fmtc).

For further information you may contact either the FMTC Chair:

Dr. George Papadopoulos of Dantec Dynamics (201-512-0037 x121)

George.Papadopoulos@dantecdynamics.comor the Vice Chair:

Professor Brian E.Thompson of theUniversity of Western Ontario

(519-850-2530).

THE FLUID MECHANICS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (FMTC)George Papadopoulos, Ph.D., FMTC Chair

2003 IMECE, NOV 16–21, 2003WASHINGTON, D.C.

Conference Chair: S. GopalakrishnanTracking No. Program Titles Organizers Lead TC Num of Ses

F-332 Forum on Fluid transients Arastu, Moody FMTC 1

F-333 Forum on bifurcation instability and Battaglia, Papadopoulos, Drikakis, Mullin FMTC 2hysteresis in fluid flow

F-334 Multiphase CFD modeling in heat exchanges Farrell, Swanson MFTC 1

F-335 Global flow measurements: techniques and Papadopoulos, Fiechtner, Hammad,Wang FMITC 1industrial applications

F-335A Fluid Measurement Uncertainty Applications Sherif, Liburdy, Coleman FMITC 1

G-25 General Papers White FMTC 7

S-368 Rheology and Fluid Mechanics of Siginer, Bakhtiyarov FMTC 6Non Linear Materials

S-369 Advances in Materials Processing Science Siginer, Bakhtiyarov FMTC 3

P-3 Panel of Emerging areas on the Frontiers Siginer FMTC 2of Fluids Engineering

P-4 Fluid Dynamics and Pump Reliability Sperry, Gopalakrishnan 1

S-371 Fluids 2003:Applications of fluid mechanics Wong, Beskok, Forster, Breuer, Santiago MNFDTC 8to Microsystems technology

YEP- Young Engineers Papers Beck, EC 1

TOTALS 33

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BENCHMARKING INDUSTRIAL FLOWS FOR CFD CODE VALIDATION B.G. Shiva Prasad

CFD derived a need and impetusfrom the aerospace industry and israpidly gaining ground and seeking

universal application even in non-industri-al sectors including agriculture, medicine,sports, etc.This phenomenal growth sincethe 90’s can be attributed to developmentsin computational speed and memory,information and image processing, interac-tive graphical applications (ex: GUI), etc.Further, the enormous inflation in thecost of experimentation and the concurrentdecline in computational cost have tiltedthe balance in favor of CFD.These devel-opments have some positive as well asnegative aspects.CFD technology is becomingmarket driven rather than knowledgedriven. It appears Bradley [1988] remarkedat an AGARD meeting on the validation ofComputational Fluid Dynamics, that “Nobody believes the result of a CFD calcula-tion except the one who has generatedit”. Perhaps today an appropriate state-ment would be that - Most of the peoplebelieve the result except the originator.

CFD code validation (includes verifi-cation also) has been put on a back burn-er.There is very little validation done fornon-aeronautical, complex industrial flowfields.The basic question is, who shoulddo it and how? Is it the responsibility ofthe user, who is not familiar with theinternal details of the code, or the devel-oper, who is rarely and vaguely familiarwith the details of the application, or theturbulence modeler, who is neither con-cerned with the code nor the application.In some cases, the CFD vendors eitherform industrial consortiums which enablethem to acquire some experimental datato validate their code, or join hands withindividual customers to get their codevalidated. In both cases, there would bevery restricted dissemination of resultsand also a comparison between the capa-bilities of the popular codes would notexist. Some developers claim validation oftheir codes based on integral flow fea-tures relating to the overall performanceof the system and its components, grossfeatures of the flow like static pressuresand occasionally mean velocities.This like-ly instills a sense of false confidence in

some users and coupled with the enor-mous time and resources required mightlead to complacency regarding validation.

In fact, it is also not easy to validatethe codes, since the type of careful anddetailed experiments required for validat-ing them are in most industrial situationsexpensive, time consuming and lackimmediate return for the industry. Bradley[1988] and Marvin [1995] have emphasizedthe importance of experiments in theCFD code development process by right-ly classifying them based on the develop-ment phase and the purpose, as buildingblock, benchmark, validation, calibrationand design experiments.Also, develop-ment of sensors, instrumentation andexperimental techniques which were allgeared towards simple laboratory typeflows have not kept pace with the challengeand need for application to complexindustrial configurations and flow fields.

The AFOSR-Stanford turbulence modelvalidation effort as well as the CFD Triathlonand Biathlon organized by ASME were goodbeginnings made in this direction. But thegeometries used were far too simple forpresent day needs of CFD users who aretrying to solve problems in complete tur-bomachinery, automotive under hoodcarriages, electronic packaging and evento simulate the flow through a human heartand arteries in real time with intent touse it as an aid during surgery.

The casual, CFD user in an industrywould not be aware of the approximationsand empiricism involved as well as its lim-itations. Hence he is likely to be carriedaway by the power of graphical presenta-tion unless he has the ability to under-stand the physics of the problem and theaudacity to question the realistic images.It is not a coincidence that CFD hasearned the nickname of “Colorful FluidDynamics”. One could argue that engi-neering design does not require knowl-edge of the details of the turbulencestructure. But they need to understandthat at least some aspects of its structurelike the dominant flow scales and locationof such flow features are required.

If these issues are not addressed, itmay lead to improper applications with

catastrophic consequences.Although CFDplays an important role in defining the designand performance of components and sys-tems, it does not leave any signature duringsystem failure, particularly when it is cata-strophic. Has CFD been blamed for anyaccident (aerospace or otherwise)?Normally the most popular culprit in anyaccident is the material or the design ofthe structure, since it is the structure thatis visibly damaged, irrespective of the cause.

The main aim of this article is not tosuggest a mechanism for regulating thedistribution and application of the soft-ware but to initiate discussion concerningdefinition of some standards for develop-ment, distribution and use of the soft-ware, similar to those for experimentalmeasurements. Existing industrial stan-dards like the ISO standards, emphasizeestablishing and documenting the processof development or manufacture of aproduct and hence would not suffice forascertaining whether the process and itsresults are correct. Several papers havebeen written raising some of theseimportant issues of accuracy, uncertainty,credibility, validation, and even certifica-tion.The question of establishing stan-dards for journal publication was debatedand implemented as early as 1986 by theFluids Engineering Division of ASME andfollowed by AIAA and others.

The other important objective of thisarticle is to emphasize the need for bench-marking industrial flows for CFD codevalidation, discuss the criteria for selectingbenchmark configurations and suggestpossible ways of dealing with CFD codevalidation issue by the CFD community.

Industrial flows are dominated bymultiple force and strain fields and inter-actions between them. Most turbulencemodels which cater only to an isolated orlimited number of such fields and rarelyto their interactions can not meet thechallenge of industrial flows. Dependenceon development of inexpensive, bruteforce calculations like DNS solvers, orsplitting the flow in to two widely differ-ing scales as in LES modeling is not likelyto solve the problem.Analogously, has the

continued on page 76

splitting of flow by boundary layer theoryin to two regions based on viscositysolved the problem? The author proposesa cocktail approach, such as used in medi-cine for handling new and unknown dis-eases like AIDS be tried for complexindustrial flows.The cocktail approach isan extension/combination of zonal model-ing, adaptive gridding already beingattempted in CFD and the sub-grid mod-eling used in solid mechanics. One coulddynamically adapt the grid, turbulencemodel and even the zones based on flowfield development and the final expectedsolution as well as available experimentalevidence.This cocktail approach couldeven use empirical, integral models of theflow field in certain zones, where evi-dence of good information exists, and/orthe flow field is complex for resolution.All these are expensive and time consumingventures and can only be handled by aconcerted effort between researchers inuniversities and laboratories, commercialcode developers and industrial users, andapplied to limited benchmark cases. It alsorequires research funding and liaison whichcould be provided by government andprivate sponsoring agencies in addition toCFD well wishers like the CFDTC andFMITC of ASME,AIAA, ERCOFTAC, etc.

Rizzi and Vos [1998] have suggestedthe use of the high speed and large stor-age capability of the Internet to organizesuch concerted and systematic efforts bycreating a dynamic information andknowledge exchange system for the bene-fit of everyone. Marvin and Huang [1998]have rightly expressed frustration at thelack of progress in turbulence modelingapplicable to practical flow fields and pro-posed a similar concerted effort using adynamic, knowledge base, Internet systemfor accelerating the progress.

For benchmarking, one has to not onlyidentify some criteria for selecting bench-mark cases but also the codes, which canhandle those cases. Fluid dynamic criteriado not occur in isolation. Hence a judi-cious choice of the applications have tobe made to cover all the criteria.Thisrequires knowledge of the physics of theproblem and the dominant mechanisms

involved.The criteria can be classifiedunder the broad categories based on:(1) application - covering industry,importance to system based on per-formance and reliability, flow field andrelevant engineering parameters and(2) flow physics - covering flow classand type, forces acting, nondimensionalparameters, dominant mechanisms, andspectral bandwidth.

Even arriving at a meaningful list ofcriteria, capable of aiding in benchmark-ing, requires a concerted team effort.Theteam must identify representative casescovering combinations of such criteria asbenchmarks for code validation. Experimentsmust be conducted in universities in col-laboration with industries.The data mustbe disseminated through the dynamic data/knowledge-base system to code developersfor validation.The validation results mustbe made available through the data/knowledge-base system to industrialusers and turbulence modelers.All theknowledge gained during this processmust be stored and made available to allthe participants for continued improvementof the process. Such a system will helpturbulence modelers including experi-mentalists to focus their attention onpractical flows, numerical algorithm andcode developers to obtain the well need-ed feed back concerning speed, stability,and accuracy of their algorithms andcodes, and industrial users to gain confi-dence in selection and application ofcodes. Such a process will help drivemodeling/solution development to indus-trial needs and perhaps even furtheraccelerate the growth of the CFD indus-try as well as the knowledge base, furtherhastening the process of making CFD adesign tool. �

The author would like to thank the past and present chairs of the

CFD Technical committee,Prof. Urmila Ghia and Prof. Peter Raad

for their continued encouragement to thisactivity. He would also like to thank all the

panelists during the past 3 FEDSM’s for the success of those sessions.

PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT

Plans are progressing for workshops,tutorials and short courses for theFEDSM 03 in Honolulu. A work-

shop is planned for future session organ-izers.The workshop, led by Dr.Sankaraiyer Gopalakrishnan, FED confer-ence chair for FEDSM04, will provide dis-cussion and guidance to organizers ofsessions at both the IMECE03 andFEDSM04. A tutorial is planned as part ofthe 9th International Symposium on Gas-Particle Flows. John Eaton and KyleSquires will present their tutorial“Langrangian Direct Numerical SimulationTechniques for Particle-Laden Flows.”Three short courses are planned. DantecDynamics will offer their short course,“Advanced Measurement Techniques”, onJuly 3-6 immediately preceding the FEDSM03. Dantec will handle their own registra-tions and attendance at their course willinclude access to conference technical ses-sions and ticketed meal events. The ASMEContinuing Education Institute (CEI) willoffer two short courses:“Water- hammer”and “Turbulence Modeling.” As in the caseof the Dantec course, registration at a CEIshort course will also include access to allconference sessions and events. �

Visit the FED Professional Developmentwebsite at http://www.asme.org/divisions/fed/conedu/index.html

Philip A. Pfund, Ph.D., ChairFED Professional Development

Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

630-840-4784pfund@cannet.com

7

BENCHMARKING INDUSTRIAL FLOWScontinued from page 6

vides instantaneous velocity fields in a 2-Dplane and it can be extended to 3-D situa-tions. Recently, increasing numbers of suc-cessful investigations are reported. In thisbrief PIV is applied to study bubbly flowsand the component phases are separatedduring analysis. With the improvement ofdigital imaging technology in recent years,PIV measurement techniques are nowcapable of capturing high-resolution digitalimages of gas/liquid two-phase flows, inwhich the continuous liquid phase and the

8

Two-phase bubbly flows are widelyapplied in engineering and environ-mental processes.The interaction of

the dispersed phase with the continuousphase has a great effect on transferprocesses between the phases.The inter-stitial relative velocities between thephases and the interfacial area and theshape of the dispersed phase are the keydependent parameters in the drag, heatand mass transfer between the phases.Although the physical understanding ofbubbles rise in a liquid is a significantpractical importance in many areas ofengineering, neither the interactionsbetween bubbles in clusters nor the bub-ble-induced pseudo-turbulence (i.e., thegeneration of velocity fluctuations by bub-bles and their wakes in a laminar flow)are fully understood.The modeling ofbubbly flows with the ComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) codes requiresdetailed information about the full fieldvelocity close to the bubble and its wake.Such information is not widely available.Experimental data exist mainly from pointmeasurement techniques, which offer theadvantage of having high time resolution,but their spatial resolution is poor, andinformation about the vorticity field islacking. Many investigations have been car-ried out over the past three decadesusing hot-film and hot-wire anemometry.However, the use of hot film anemometryin two-phase flows, raise many questionsthat remain unanswered. In particular, theinteractions between the sensors as X-probe, liquid and bubbles are not wellknown and can lead to errors in thedetermination of correct turbulenceparameters.The deformation of the bub-ble surface is caused by sensor penetra-tion through the bubble. Recently, inter-esting number of direct numerical simula-tion studies of bubbly flows have castconsiderable light on the evolution ofbubbly flow (Esamaeeli &Tryggvason,1998, 1999; Burner & Tryggvason, 2002).

This communication is to presentresults of an optical technique known asparticle image velocimetry (PIV) utilized inmultiphase flow investigations. PIV pro-

DANCING BUBBLES IN TURBULENT FLOWS:PIV MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS Yassin A. Hassan, Texas A&M University

dispersed gas phase are unsteady andmulti-dimensional.

Unfortunately, due to space limita-tions, we cannot place this entire article inthe newsletter.

To view this article in it’s entirety, we ask that you

please visit the FED websitehttp://www.asme.org/divisions/

fed/newsletter/index.html

Fig. 1

Measurement

System Layout

Fig. 2 Selected

snapshots of

interactions of

the bubbles

with the flow.

9

FLUIDS ENGINEERING AWARD

The Fluids Engineering Award isconferred upon an individual foroutstanding contributions to over a

period of years to the engineering profes-sion and in particular to the field of fluidsengineering through research, practice orteaching.The winner of the 2002 FluidsEngineering Award is Dr. Paul Cooper ofFluid Machinery Research, Inc. Dr. Cooperwas selected for his outstanding contribu-tion to the field of pumps and other tur-bomachinery, for his development ofguidelines for their optimum hydraulic designand for his contribution to the under-standing of cavitation and its attendanteffect on pump performance. Dr. Cooperspent his first eighteen years of his career,starting in 1959, as a specialist in the fluiddynamic design of aircraft fuel pumps anddownhole centrifugal pumps for the oilfield. From 1977 to 1985, Dr. Cooper wasa staff researcher on flow and cavitationin commercial pumps at Ingersoll-RandCorporation’s research center in Princeton,NJ. In 1986, he expanded Ingersoll-Rands’sresearch facility and its activities as itspump Research and Development Director.When Ingersoll- Rand joined its pumpoperations with Dresser into IDP jointventure in 1992, he became the Directorfor Advanced Technology. He retired fromIDP in 1999 and formed his own consulting

company, Fluid Machinery Research, Inc.Dr. Cooper, who is a Fellow of ASME, holdsten patents in the field of turbomachinery.

Dr. Cooper served on the Board ofDirectors of the Research and DevelopmentCouncil of New Jersey between 1987 and1993. He is the past chairman of the Exec-utive Committee of the Fluids Engin-eeringDivision of ASME. He received ASME’sGeorge Stephenson Prize in 1984, the FluidMachinery Design Award in 1991, and theHenry R.Worthington Medal in 1993.

The award was presented to Dr.Cooperat the Joint ASME European Fluids EngineeringDivision Summer Meeting that was held inMontreal, Canada, July 14-18, 2002. �

ROBERT T. KNAPP AWARD

This award is given to the authorsof the best paper presented to theFluids Engineering Division dealing

with analytical, numerical and laboratoryresearch.The year 2002 award is receivedby Dr. Luciano Castillo, Dr.William Georgeand Ms. Xia Wang for their paper entitled“Characterizing Turbulent Boundary LayersSubject to Strong Adverse PressureGradient with Eventual Separation”(FEDSM 2001-18112).The paper was pre-sented at the ASME Fluids EngineeringDivision Summer Conference in NewOrleans, LA, May 29-June 1, 2001.

Dr. Castillo is an Assistant Professor

of Mechanical Engineering at RensselaerPolytechnic Institute. He received hisPhD. degree in 1997 from the StateUniversity of New York at Buffalo. Ms.Wang is a PhD. Student in the samedepartment. She received her BS and MSdegrees from the University of Science &Technology Beijing, China, in 1997 and2000, respectively. Dr.William George isProfessor of Turbulence at ChalmersUniversity of Technology in Gothenburg,Sweden. He received his Ph.D. degree inMechanics from the Johns HopkinsUniversity in 1971. He has also held posi-tions at the Pennsylvania State Universityand the State University of New York atBuffalo before joining ChalmersUniversity. �

LEWIS F. MOODY AWARD

The Lewis F. Moody Award is givento the authors of the best paperpresented to the Fluids Engineering

Division dealing with a topic useful tomechanical engineering practice.The year2002 award is received by Dr. GaneshRaman, Mr.Andrew Mills, Mr. Shadi Othmanand Dr.Valdis Kibens for their paper entitled“Development of Powered Resonance TubeActuators for Active Control” (FEDSM2001-18273).The paper was presented atthe ASME Fluids Engineering DivisionSummer Conference in New Orleans, LA,May 29-June 1, 2001.

Dr. Raman is an Associate Professorand the Associate Chairman of AerospaceEngineering in the Mechanical, Materialsand Aerospace Engineering Department ofthe Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.He received his Ph.D. degree in MechanicalEngineering from Case Western ReserveUniversity in 1991. Dr. Raman, togetherwith Dr. Kibens was cited in Boeing specialinvention awards in 2001 for the inventionof an active flow control device that leadto a US Patent. Mr. Mills and Mr. Othmanare also with the Mechanical, Materialsand Aerospace Engineering Departmentat Illinois Institute of Technology, the for-mer as an undergraduate student whilethe latter as a graduate student. Dr.Kibens is with Boeing Company at St.Louis, MO. He holds a PhD. degree fromthe Johns Hopkins University. �

10

COORDINATING GROUP ON INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY

The Industry Relations Committee is the committee of the ASME FluidsEngineering Division (FED), which addresses industry technology issues inFluids Engineering.The focus is on industry applications of fluids engineering

technology which may encompass all areas of fluids engineering, such as, theoreti-cal, numerical, and experimental fluid mechanics. Industry Exchange Program is anactivity coordinated by the Industry Relations Committee. It includes presenta-tions by select industries on their fluids engineering programs and is designed toattract more industry participation at FED meetings. Dr. Manoranjan N.Dhaubhadel is the Chairman of the Industry Relations Committee.

Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel, Principal EngineerCNH Global

7 S 600 County Line RoadBurr Ridge, IL 60564

Phone: (630) 887-2009 Fax: (630) 887-2354e-mail: mano.dhaubhadel@cnh.com

…A MESSAGE FROM THE 2003 SUMMER CONFERENCE CHAIRS…

These papers are grouped in symposiaand forums.There are over 37 symposiumand forum sessions on multiphase flows,including gas-particle, gas-liquid, and liquid-solid.There are over 18 symposium andforum sessions that address the applicationsof CFD and numerical methods in CFD,both single and multiphase flows.Thereare other symposia and forums for theapplication of fluids engineering: advancesin fluid engineering education, manufacturingprocesses, mixing phenomena, fluid powergeneration, fluid machinery, vehicular flows,fluidics, micro systems, building and bridgeaerodynamics, wind turbine and renewableenergy systems, water hammer, and envi-ronmental flows.The remaining symposiaand forums include papers in the fundamentalareas: cavitation, optical methods andimage processing, virtual reality for visual-ization of fluid dynamics, measurementsand instrumentation, microbubble andpolymer friction drag reduction, fluiddynamics of free surface and interface,turbulent flows, unsteady flows, three-dimensional flows, supersonic flows,swirling flows, functional flows, separatedand complex flows, high speed jet flows,fluid-structure interaction and flow-induced noise, and wavelet applications.The papers were published in CD-ROM.The conference went very well with acombination of well-attended sessions,good social outings and very happyexhibitors. �

The following are some statistics from the meeting:Program714 papers been presented 179 technical sessions scheduled6 plenary sessions2 industry exchange program

sessions (IEP)28 posters4 exhibitorsAttendanceTotal attendance 779Paid attendance 587Non paid 58Students 134 (84 paid)

Prof.Ali Ogut Rochester Institute of Technology,Conference Chair, U.S.A, adoeme@rit.edu

Prof.Yutaka Tsuji Osaka University,Conference Co-Chair, Japan,tsuji@mech.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp

Prof. Masaaki Kawahashi Saitama University,Conference Co-Chair, Japan,mkawa@mech.saitama-u.ac.jp

11

The 4th ASME & JSME Joint FluidsEngineering Conference was held inHonolulu, Hawaii, July 6–10, 2003.

This conference was sponsored by FluidsEngineering Division (FED) of the AmericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),and the Japanese Society of MechanicalEngineers (JSME).

The objective of this conference wasto provide a forum for exchange of infor-mation related to fluids engineering formechanical engineers from around theworld representing academia, industry andgovernment laboratories.The meetingaddressed a wide range of topics in analy-sis, numerical methods, experiments insingle-phase and multiphase flows andapplications.The submittal of a paper,although optional, is strongly encouraged.

The conference had six plenary talks,17 symposia, 22 forums, one-open forum,two panels, two industry exchange pro-grams, two general papers, and for thefirst time a poster session.There was aspecial symposium, Modeling and Simulationof Turbulent Flows, in memory of Prof.Charles G. Speziale, past Professor ofAerospace and Mechanical Engineering atBoston University.There was one tutorial,and one workshop.

The meeting has a large emphasis inthe development and applications of mul-tiphase flows, modeling and computationalfluid dynamics (CFD). Over 700 contributedpapers and keynote papers were presented.

ASME/JSME Honors luncheon,2004 ASME/JSME Delegation over 700 people attended.

www.asme.org/divisions/fed/

Three Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016-5990

CHAIR’S MESSAGEcontinued from page 1

sions and general stature.The JFE provides aunique forum for the FED community tocommunicate new findings, techniques, andapplications. Authors of papers presentedat FED conferences are encouraged tosubmit their papers to JFE. The FED website www.asme.org/divisions/fed is anothermeans of communication among ourmembers. The web site has been revised,and is continually upgraded with newinformation on recent and upcomingmeetings, calls for papers, publications,committee activities, student programs,continuing educations, etc.

You are invited and encouraged tobecome involved in activities and programplanning of the FED. There are a number of opportunities for you. To findout how to get involved, contact one ofthe TC/CG officers, or any member ofthe Executive Committee, all listed in thisNewsletter. The TC/CG meetings at ourconferences are open to all attendees. �

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ChairAli OgutRochester Inst of Tech Mech Engrg Dept PO Box 9887 , Rochester, NY 14623 Tel: 716-475-2542 Fax: 716-475-7710 Email:adoeme@ritvax.isc.rit.edu

Conference Chair Sankaraiy GopalakrishnanFlowserve2300 E.Vernon AveLos Angeles, CA 90058-1609Tel: 323-584-1815 Fax: 323-586-4192Email:sgopalakrishnan@flowserve.com

International Congress ProgramCommittee Chair Stathis Michaelides Tulane UniveristySchool of EngineeringNew Orleans, LA 70118Tel: 504-865-5764 Fax: 504-862-8747 Email: emichael@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu

Secretary Urmila GhiaUniversity of Cincinnati Dept. of Mech Engrg M L 72, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0001 Tel: 513-556-4612 Fax: 513- 556-3390Email: urmila.ghia@uc.edu

Past Chair Upendra S. RohatgiBrookhaven National Lab Dept of Nuc Energy Bldg 475B PO Box 5000Upton, NY 11973-5000

Tel: 631-344-2475 Fax: 631-344-7650 Email: rohatgi@bnl.gov

ASME Staff SupportEdison AulestiaSenior Program ManagerASME International Three Park Avenue, M/S 22W3 New York, NY 10016 Tel: 212-591-7159 Fax: 212-591-7671 Email: aulestiae@asme.org

Carol GriffinAdministrative Asst.ASME International Three Park Avenue, M/S 22W3 New York, NY 10016 Tel: 212-591-7387 Fax: 212-591-7671 Email: griffinc@asme.org

TECHNICAL COMMITTEES

Fluid Mechanics Dr. George PapadopoulosDantec Measurement Technology777 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07439Tel: (201) 512-0037 Ext.121 Fax: (201) 512-0120 Email: george.papadopoulos@dantecdynamics.com

Multiphase Flow Prof. Gretar TryggvasonDept. of Mechanical Engineering andApplied MechanicsThe University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2121 Tel: 734.763.1049 Fax: 734.764.4256Email: gretar@engin.umich.edu

Fluid Applications & Systems Prof.Awatef HamedUniversity of Cincinnati 798 Rhodes Hall Cincinnati, OH 45221-0070 Tel: (513) 556-3553 Fax: (513) 556-5038Email : ahamed@uceng.uc.edu

Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics Prof. Fred K. Forster,University of Washington Mechanical Engineering Dept Seattle, WA 98195-2600 Tel: 206-543-4910 Fax: 206-685-8047 Email:forster@u.washington.edu

Computational Fluid Dynamics Prof. Peter E. RaadSouthern Methodist University Mechanical Engg Dept 3160 SMU Blvd., Dallas, TX 75205 Tel: 214-768-3043 Fax: 214-768-1473 Email: peter@seas.smu.edu

Fluid Measurements andInstrumentationProf. James LiburdyOregon State University Department of Mechanical Engineering Corvallis, OR 97331-6001 Tel: 541.737.7017 Fax: 541.737.2600 Email: liburdy@engr.orst.edu

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEES

Honors & Awards Volkan Otugen, Ph.D.Polytechnic UniversityMech Aero & Mfg Eng Dept6 Metrotech Center,Brooklyn,NY 11201

Tel: 631-755-4385 Fax: 631-755-4526 Email: votugen@poly.edu

Membership Richard R. Schultz Idaho National Engrg Lab MS 3895 PO Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415-0001 Tel: 208-526-9508 Fax: 208-526-6971 Email: srr@inel.gov

Newsletter Editor James C. Meng, Ph.D.Tel: 360-396-2489 Fax: 396-2149Email: mengjc@kpt.nuwc.navy.mil

Professional Development Philip A. Pfund, Ph.D.Fermilab PO Box 500 MS 343Batavia, IL 60510-0500 Tel: 630-840-4784 Fax: 630-840-8032 Email: pfund@cannet.com

Technical Editor of the Journal of Fluids EngineeringJoseph Katz, Ph.D.Johns Hopkins Univ 122 Latrobe Hall, 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, MD 21218-2680 Tel: 410-516-5470 Fax: 410-516-7254 Email : katz@titan.me.jhu.edu

Webmaster Ayodeji O. Demuren, Ph.D.Old Dominion University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Norfolk,VA 23529 Tel : 757-683-6363 Fax: 757-683-5344 Email : demuren@mem.odu.edu

COMMITTEE ROSTERS 2003–2004: