MICROELECTRONIC PILL

PRESENTED BY,JAGANYA NAINA11TC0017

CONTENTS

o CONVENTIONAL METHOD

o INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC PILL

o COMPONENTS OF THE PILL

o WORKING

o FUTURE SCOPE

o CONCLUSION

Conventional Method

The conventional method that Doctors would have prefered earlier was

Endoscopic Procedure. This Examination is performed using an Endoscope-a flexible fiber optic tube with a tiny TV camera at the end. The camera is connected to either an eyepiece for direct viewing or Video screen that displays the images on a colour tv. This Procedure is

used for Gastro Intestinal(GI) disease and treatment as well…

Problems with normal endoscopy

Sore throatGreater recovery timeRequires sedationPainfulTime consumingaccidental puncture fever

Introduction to Microelectronic pill

A “Microelectronic pill” is a basically a multichannel

sensor used for remote biomedical measurements

using nanotechnology.

This has been developed for the internal study and

detection of diseases and abnormalities in the

gastrointestinal (GI) tract where restricted access

prevents the use of traditional endoscope.

The measurement parameters for detection include

real – time remote recording of temperature, pH,

conductivity and dissolved oxygen in the GI tract.

OPTICAL DOME

LENS HOLDER

LENS

ILLUMINATING LED’S CMOS IMAGE SENSOR BATTERY

ASIC

TRANSMITTER

ANTENNA

5 7

Inside a pill

OPTICAL DOME

Front part of the capsule.Light receiving window.Harmless.Easy orientation.

LENS HOLDER

ACCOMODATES THE LENS

LENS IS TIGHTLY FIXED

AVOIDS DISLOCATION OF LENS

LENS

Integral component.

Behind light receiving window.

Light through window falls on the lens.

ILLUMINATING LED’S

Around lens & CMOS image sensor,4 LEDs are present.

Arranged in round shape.

CMOS IMAGE SENSOR

Highly sensitiveProduce very high quality images.

BATTERY

Button shaped & 2 in number.Behind the CMOS image sensor.Silver oxide primary batteries.Disposable.Harmless.

TRANSMITTER

Behind the batteries.Two transmitting electrodes are connected to it.Electrodes are electrically isolated.

ANTENNA

It is arranged at the end of the capsule.It is enclosed in a dome shaped chamber.Receives data from transmitter.Sends to data recorder.

How does it

works???

10

Circuit Block diagram of RecieverCircuit Block diagram of RecieverExternal control circuit

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PROCEDURE

Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill.

It takes image as it is propelled forward by peristalsis.

A wireless recorder worn on a belt, receives the image transmitted by the pill.

A computer workstation processes the data & produce a continuous still images.

DATARECORDER COMPUTER

DATA RECORDER

Small portable recording device.

Placed in the recorder pouch.

IMAGES OBTAINED FROM

THE PILL

ADVANTAGES

Painless , no side effect

Miniature size

High quality image

Avoid risk in sedation & radiation

Simple procedure

Harmless material

HIGH sensitivity

Efficient than normal

endoscopy

DISADVANTAGES

Patient with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good candidates for this procedure.

If there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine, there is a risk that the pill will get stuck there.

Difficult to control camera behavior.

Expensive.

Not reusable.

OVERCOMING THE DRAWBACKS:

The rice grain sized motor, when attached to the pill camera gives it a propelling action inside the body.

Bidirectional wireless telemetry camera can be used.

FUTURE SCOPE

Zooming and auto focus.Capsule with a laserReduction in size.Cost effective.Longer battery life. SAYAKA- Battery free endoscopy Lasers to destroy the precancerous esophagus cells (identified by a photosensitive chemical marker), but leaves normal cells alone.

CONCLUSION:

In clinical trials, the Given Imaging System seemed to be more effective than surgical techniques in detecting suspected physical abnormalities in the small intestines. To date, there have been no side effects associated with this procedure.

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