2711

48

2002. 8 .1

( )

( )

. ........................................................................................1

. .......................................................................................................2

1. .................................................................................................................2

2. ...............................................................................2

3. ....................................................................................2

4. .........................2

5. .........................................................................................................3

6. ..............................................................................................................3

7. ..............................................................................................................3

8. ...........................................................................................................3

9. ( ) ...............................3,4

. ...........................5

. .............................................................................................................5,6

.

1. .................................................................5,6,7.

2. ...........................................................................8

3. .........................................................8,9

4. ..................................................9

5. ............................9,10,11,12,13

6. 1

..............................................................................................16

7. .........................17

8. ,, ...................17

9. ............................................17

10. ....................................19

11. PH()..............................................

1. 2, 3,

4. 5. 6.

7. . 8. 9.,, PH

PH . 10. ,, PH

11. 12.

.

12. ........................................

. ..............................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................

. ..............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

( )...........................................................................................

.......................................................8

............... 8

(1),

.......................................................................................... 9

, 1,

................................................. 16

,

....................................................................................................... 17

PH ........................................

PH ...........................................

() PH ...................................

PH .................................

PH ...........................................

PH ............................................

PH ...............................................

PH ..................................

PH ..........

PH ..............

................

.................................................................... 6

................................................................................ 7

pb2+ ............. .................................10

pb2+ Na+ K+ ...................................11

Cu2+ ........................................... 12

Cu2+ Na+ K+ ................................ 13

Fe2+ ........................................................... 14

Fe2+ Na+ K+ ................................15

1L O.D .................17

).............................................18,19..

......................................................................

- 1 -

.

.

.

.

.

500CFU/1 11CFU/1

SO42- 200/1L

8/1L , Zn 1/1L

. ,

2000 Zn2+ , Fe2+, SO42-, NO32-

.

1.

, ,

, , .

.

.

. .

. ,

.

2.

(wastewater engineering)

.

.

.

(1) (domestic wastewater, ; sanitary wastewater) :

(2) (industrial wastewater) :

(3) / (infileration/inflow,I/I):

- 2 -

( )

* ,

.

* , ,

BOD, COD,

. .

* .

* .

.

( p r i o r i t y

pollutants)

* , , ,

. .

( R e f r a c t o r y

Organics)

*

. , (), , .

* .

*, ,

, .

, , ,

. , ,

, , ,

.

(4) (storm water) :

(sanitary sewer),

(storm sewer) (combined sewer) 3

. , , /

3.

, .

: ,(colorimetry),(potentiomeery),

(polarography),(adsorption spectrometry),(fluorometry),

(spectroscopy),

.

4.

- 3 -

5. (lnorgenic Matter)

.

(cnloride), (Alkalinity), (Nitrogen), (Phosphorus),

(Sulfur).

6. (Heary Metals)

(Ni),(Mn),(Pb),(Cr),(Cd), (Zn), (Cu),

(Fe) (Hg) .

. (polarography)

(atomicabsorption spectrophotometry)

.

7. (Microorganisms)

(eucaryotes),(eubacteria), (

archaebacteria) .

: , , , , .

,

.

8.

. ,

.

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

Limiting step ,

.

.

.

9.

* . ()

*

* . /

* (): boiling stone

- 4 -

.

1703

.

, ,

.

1.

.

2.

.

3. 200 , ,,

. ,

.

4.

1880 ,

()

. .

5.

,

.

, .

.

.

. ,

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. ,

.

- 5 -

.

1. : 2001.10. 1 2002. 5.10

2.

2001 20

9% 131

.

. 22

. 5

. 15.5/L(10.0/L)

-

8% 7.5%

,

.

. 2001 1 3 1676 ,

, 6 7.5% 125

.

. 20

6 101 .

. 14.8%

13.9%, 13.4%, 13.1% .

. 24%

.

. , , 145 20

,

. .

.

1.

2.

3.

4. ,

.

5.

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. 11 (11-1 11-11): .

12.

.

1.

2. (1L)+ +

3. 10g

.

4. (2)

- 6 -

.

5. , ,

6. 5g 5 1L 3

, 1L 3 ()

7. . 1L+ 10g

. 1L +

, , 8. , , : 1L + 10g+ 10g+ 10g+ 3

: 1L + 3

: 1L + 10g + 3

: 1L + 10g + 3

: 1L + 10g + 3.

9. ()

10. , (11 ): .

.

1. ()

. ,

(H2O) (H+)

(OH-) .

. , .

. PH 7.4

.

. , (OH-)

.

+

-

0.06

-

-

--

-

. .

. ,

. ,

- 7 -

.

H O

H

H

O

< 2 >

(2)

H3O2 H2O

O-H . () H-O-H

H H-O .

O-H H-O-H 2 H OH O

,

.

. (

, )

,

H-O-H O-H H

.

.

. .

.

.

(1) 18%, 82%

(2)

.

. (,) .

.

2.

?

. A

(1) 1L 10g 1

- 8 -

.

(2) .

( ,10g )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

20%

30%

45%

50%

55%

. B

(1) 1L 20g 1

.

(2) .

( 20g )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

10%

35%

55%

80%

90%

< >

A 6 55%

B 2

90%

.

3.

. A

10g 4 3

( )

. B

10g 1 3

- 9 -

(1) A 10g 4 3 :

10g 4

.

(2) B 3 A

.

A, B

.

1

. .

. A

20g 1L

20

. B

1L 20

20g

A B

20

8

.

.

.

. 8

. , .

. Pb2+

Pb2+ 1000ppm 100ml 0.5g, 0.5g

.( 0.5g

0.5g .) Na+, K+ )

- 10 -

Pb2+

1 600ppm 3-4 600-700ppm

.

. Pb2+

Na+, K+ .

- 11 -

Pb2+ Na+ K+

Na+ K+ Pb2+

.

Na+ 10

K+ .

(PH 7.3 )

.

Cu2+

Cu 1000ppm 100ml 0.5

0.5g .

- 12 -

Cu2+

(1) 30 110ppm 3 140ppm

.

(2) 230mesh 60

80mesh .

. Na+ K+

.

- 13 -

Cu2+ Na+ K+

Na+ K+ K+ Na+

.

( 0.5g PH

7.4 .

5.

. : Fe2+

. .

. :

- 14 -

Fe2+

20 40ppm

10ppm .

. Na+ K+

.

- 15 -

Fe2+ Na+ K+

(1). Na+ K+ , Na+

K+ .

(2). () 0.5g

PH 7.5 .

6.

.

(1) 5g 5 1L 3

(2) 1L 3 (, 5

)

.

1L 3 1

3 1 35

. 5g 1L 3 45

.

.

.

7.

.

(1). 1L + 5g + 3

(2). 1L + 5g 1 + 3

- 16 -

(3). 1L +

. :

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

.

6

. :

.

8. ,

. (1) 10g + 10g + 10g + 1L + 3

(2) 1L + 3(3) 1L + 10g + 3 (4) 1L + 10g + 3 (5) 1L + 10g + 3

,

3 4 5 6

1

. :

.

(1) +

.

- 17 -

(2) 24 ()

++ ,

.

(3) : () , ,

,

.

9.

.

.

1L+ (optic

density)( )

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 30 60

O.D

1L O.D

30, 60 O.D

,

.

10.

.

. , ,, , .

. .

.

.

.

.

- 18 -

. PH

. PH

. , , PH

.

,

Air Blower

()

1 , , ,

,

2

3

11. PH

11-1,

.

1L(PH5.06.5) 10g

PH .

. :

- 19 -

PH

5 10 15 20 25

PH=5.25.2 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5

.

15

5.3 25

0.3 .

11-2.

.

10g 1L(PH=5.2) 30 PH

.

. :

PH

PH

5 10 15 20 25

1L

PH=5.25.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8

.

PH 5.7 , 10

25 5.8 .

11-3. ()

.

20g 1L(PH=6.3) 5

PH .

. :

- 20 -

() PH

PH

5 10 15 20 25

1L

PH=6.36.5 6.9 7.2 8.1 8.3

.

PH 6.3 1L 20g

0.3 25 8.3 .

.

11-4.

.

10g 1L

PH .

.

PH

PH

PH

5 10 15 20 25

PH=5.8

6.1 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1

.

PH 5.8

PH=7.1 .

.

11-5.

.

1L 20g PH .

- 21 -

. : .

PH

PH5 10 15 20 25

1L

PH=6.36.4 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.5

.

PH 0.2

.

11-6.

.

1L 20g PH .

. : .

PH

PH5 10 15 20 25

1 L

PH=6.36.4 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.7

.

PH 25 6.7 0.4 ,

2 . 2

.

11-7.

.

20g 1L PH

. : .

PH

PH5 10 15 20 25 30

1L

PH=6.06.2 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.6

.

- 22 -

PH=6.0 PH

25 PH=1.4 .

7,3 .

11-8.

.

20g 1L 5 PH

.

. : .

PH

PH5 10 15 20 25 30

1L

PH=6.06.2 6.5 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.1

.

25 1.2

. PH 7.2

8.0

PH 1 .

(1) PH ,

PH

PH

7.3( ) ,

.

(2) PH 8 9

2 .

(3) PH +.- 0 .4

, = ,-0 .2 ,

PH=7.2 .

PH= 8.1 9.2 .

11-9. ,, PH PH

. :

. : .

- 23 -

PH (30)

1LPH 20g 20g,,

20g

45 7.0 8.1 7.1

56 6.9 8.1 7.2

67 7.1 7.9 7.3

.

(1) PH=47 30 PH 7.0

,

(2) PH 47 30 PH 8.0

.

(3) ,, PH=47 30

7.2 .

11-10. ,, PH

.

2L+ 20g + 20g + 20g 30

PH .

. : -15

PH

PH5 10 15 20 25 30

PH=5.25.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.1

.

10 PH 1.2 .

11-11.

.

(1)

(KIST )

(2) (

) .

. : .

- 24 -

PH(

)5.8 7.2 5.8-8.6 6-7.5

400 30(/) 500 50-200(/)

3.4(/) 1.5(/) 10 1.5(/)

150(/) 40(/) 300 50(/)

0.03(/) 0.01(/) 0.3 0.02(/)

30(/) 5(/) 200 50(/)

() 14 15 10-15 10-15

.

PH 5.87.2

, []

.

11-12. .

. .

.

. .

. .

(1)

(2) . (

)

- 25 -

(3) 0.1ppm((/)

. ,

.

.

. .

. .

. .

.

,

.

12.

. ,

Na+ K+

,

.

. Mg

.(

, )

. , Mg, Ca

. (

) . , Mg, Ca

.

. PH ( 5.06.0 ) ( 7.0 7.2 )

.

. , , ,

Mg, Ca ,

,

.

- 26 -

.

1. ()

. (

10L 10g 2

)

.

.

. .

. (1) ,, ,

.

.

Na+ K+

5.06.0 PH 7.07.3

.

2.

. ,

. ,

.

. ,

. ,

.

3. , ,

.

, , ,

- 27 -

,

,

.

.

. .

.

20 .

.

Na+, K+ .

,

1

.

. Na+ K+

.

.

PH= 7.2 .

.

1. , , ,

, , , ,

.

2. () , ,

, ,

.

3.

.

- 28 -

4.

. : : 5, .

. ; 1

.

.

.

,

,

.

. ,

.

5.

.

- 29 -

1. 6 422, 604 - 607, 304 (1993)

2. (1998)

3. T.A.DAVIS, B VOLESLOY "SARGASSUM SEAWEED As BIOSDRBENT

FOR Heavy metals"

4. A. C .Ada COSTA " Batch And Ti Nuous HEAVY metals Biosorption By A

Brown seaweed From A ZINC-Production plant "

5. (1983)

6. 23, 201 - 203 (1996)

7. (1996)

8.

(1987)

9. , , (:1998)

10. , , , (: 1998)

11. ,

12. 4

Wetted-Wall Column

13. 4

14. , ( 1998

)

15. Department of chemical Engineering,King Mongkuti, Institute of Technology

Thonburi, Bangmod, Radburana, Bangkok 10140, Thailand

Adsortion of Heavy metal Ionsby Biological Wastes

16. paudeogkrry

2000 6

17.

18. Synthesis and application of chitosan mercaptanes as heavy metal retention

agent Galo Cardenas, parra Orlando Department de poiimeros universided de

conceocion19.

20. ,

21.

22. ,

23. ,(: ) 2000.

23. , (: ), 2000.

24. , ()( : ), 2000.