1. WIND Protest! Racing Rules with Kristen Berry

2. Thank YOU for coming today 3. Who Is Here Today? New Racers? Old Salts? Drivers? Crews? 4. Everyone Needs To Know the Rules Crew especially need to know the rules because the driver should be focused on speed - not decision making. The tactical game is played in the future and only non-drivers have the luxury of looking up the course and seeing what is about to happen. 5. What are we going to cover? The Fundamental Rules the govern when TWO BOATS meet on the race course. 6. What ARENT We Going To Cover Team and Match Racing RC Boat Racing Rules Uncommon Scenarios Race Procedure Redress 7. Philosophy 101 8. Rules are a shield NOT a sword. This is sport - we make mistakes. This sport is self policing. The most important thing in your sailing bag is your reputation. 9. Everyone should know the basics. We make the rules MUCH harder than they need to be. Lets SIMPLIFY! 10. Basic Rule Concepts 11. All of the rules are designed to do two things 1 - prevent collisions 2 - keep the boats moving to the next mark 12. You must avoid all collisions if possible. 13. If you are on opposite tacks (booms on opposite sides), the boat on starboard tack has the right-of-way (ROW) over the boat on port tack. 14. If you are on the same tack (booms on same side), the leeward boat has right-of-way over the windward boat. But if you become the leeward boat by coming from astern there are some limits to your course. 15. If you are tacking you must stay out of the way of a boat sailing a straight line. 16. Anytime you have the right-of- way you may turn toward another boat, but you must be sure that the other boat has enough time and space to get out of your way and there are SOME limits. 17. If a ROW boat changes their course to avoid hitting you, then you must take a penalty. This is usually an immediate two tacks and two gybes in the same direction; well clear of other sailors. 18. If you touch any mark you must take a penalty, usually a tack and a gybe in the same direction - as soon as possible. 19. When you are three boat-lengths from a mark, or are passing an obstruction on the same side as another boat, you have to give any boat between you and the mark or obstruction room to round or pass it. But. 20. This does not apply at the committee boat when you are about to start. 21. That is it. With those concepts you can race at any level. 22. Guess What? There are only four rules that govern when boats meet. There are only four limitations And three rules about what to do at marks and obstructions - THIS IS EASY! 23. The Info Is Out There! ISAF Website US Sailing Sailing Instructions Class Rules 24. Lets Take Five... 25. The Racing Rules Of Sailing Part Two - When Boats Meet 26. SECTION A Right Of Way 27. Rule 10 10 ON OPPOSITE TACKS When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard- tack boat. 28. Keep Clear A boat keeps clear of a ROW boat (a) if the ROW boat can sail her course with no need to take avoiding action and, 29. Keep Clear (b) when the boats are overlapped, if the ROW can also change course in both directions without immediately making contact. 30. WIND 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 1 4 Upwind Situation Number One 31. Rule 11 11 ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat. 32. WIND Overlap Example 33. 1 1 WIND Overlap Example 34. OverlappedWIND WIND WIND 35. Not Overlapped WIND WIND 36. WIND Overlap Example 37. WIND Rule 11 Example 38. Rule 12 12 ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead. 39. 1 1 2 2 Clear Astern Overlapped 40. Rule 13 13 WHILE TACKING After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During that time rules 10, 11 and 12 do not apply. If two boats are subject to this rule at the same time, the one on the others port side or the one astern shall keep clear. 41. WIND Starboard Tack Gybing Port Tack Tacking Close Hauled Close Hauled Rights Circle 42. 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 WIND 1 43. Thats IT! You can only be: On Opposite Tacks On The Same Tack Overlapped On The Same Tack NOT Overlapped Tacking 44. Who are these rules talking to? The right of way boat or the boat that must keep clear? 45. SECTION B General Limitations 46. Rule 14 14 AVOIDING CONTACT A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably possible. However, a right-of-way boat or one entitled to room or mark-room (a) need not act to avoid contact until it is clear that the other boat is not keeping clear or giving room or mark-room, and (b) shall be exonerated if she breaks this rule and the contact does not cause damage or injury. 47. Rule 15 15 ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other boat room to keep clear, unless she acquires right of way because of the other boats actions. 48. ROOM The space a boat needs in the existing conditions while maneuvering promptly in a seamanlike way. 49. Seamanlike? What is a seamanlike maneuver? 50. WIND 1 4 2 3 1 2 3 4 3 4 1 2 51. Rule 16 16 CHANGING COURSE 16.1 When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear. 16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal a port- tack boat is keeping clear by sailing to pass astern of a starboard-tack boat, the starboard-tack boat shall not change course if as a result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue keeping clear. 52. WIND 53. Rule 17 If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, unless in doing so she promptly sails astern of the other boat. This rule does not apply if the overlap begins while the windward boat is required by rule 13 to keep clear. 54. A course a boat would sail to finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boat referred to in the rule using the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal. PROPER COURSE 55. Guess What? There are only four rules that govern when boats meet. There are only four limitations And three rules about what to do at marks and obstructions - THIS IS EASY! 56. SECTION C At Marks and Obstructions 57. The Preamble tells us something important! Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. 58. Rule 18 18.1 When Rule 18 Applies Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the zone. However, it does not apply: (a) between boats on opposite tacks on a beat to windward, (b) between boats on opposite tacks when the proper course at the mark for one but not both of them is to tack, (c) between a boat approaching a mark and one leaving it, or (d) if the mark is a continuing obstruction, in which case rule 19 applies 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (a) When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone,the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. (c) When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins. However, if either boat passes head to wind or if the boat entitled to mark-room leaves the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply. (d) If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an overlap in time, it shall be presumed that she did not. (e) If a boat obtained an inside overlap from clear astern and, from the time the overlap began, the outside boat has been unable to give mark-room, she is not required to give it 18.3 Tacking When Approaching a Mark If two boats were approaching a mark on opposite tacks and one of them changes tack, and as a result is subject to rule 13 in the zone when the other is fetching the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter apply. The boat that changed tack (a) shall not cause the other boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid her or prevent the other boat from passing the mark on the required side, and (b) shall give mark-room if the other boat becomes overlapped inside. 18.4 Gybing When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark. 59. Stop The MADNESS! Remember the concepts! 60. Concept Number 1 Avoid Collisions 61. Concept Number 2 Keep going around the race track! 62. Concept Three The boat ahead or inside gets to go around the mark ahead or inside. 63. OK Lets Do This 64. Lets Take Five... 65. During the Preparatory Period 66. 3:00 to gun 12 kts flat water WIND 67. Green has established an overlap from clear astern WIND 68. Red established a windward overlap WIND 69. WIND g an obstruction - which may or may not be a mark, befo 70. WIND n are approaching an obstruction - before they are appro 71. Green has established an overlap from clear astern WIND 72. Green has established an overlap from clear astern WIND 73. At the Start! 74. Yellow has established an overlap from clear astern WIND 75. WIND Red and Green are approaching the line to start. Pos 1 Pos 2 76. WIND H C B A X G D 77. On the Windward Leg 78. WIND 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 1 4 79. What rules apply? The definition of Keep Clear; note the meaning of need in the definition. (ISAF Cases 50 & 58) Rule 10 (opposite tacks) - requires port to keep clear of starboard Rule 14 (avoiding contact) - applies to both, but slightly different. This always applies! WIND 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 1 4 80. Situation #1 What is Red required to do? Keep Clear (rule 10) Avoid Contact (rule 14) What is Green required to do? Avoid Contact (rule 14) Is Green required to hail? No. But it is highly recommended. WIND 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 1 4 81. 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 WIND 1 When Red completes her tack she is overlapped to leeward of Green 82. 3 3 4 WIND 1 4 2 1 2 1 3 When Red completes her tack she is overlapped to leeward of Green 83. C A B 84. Obstruction A B 85. Obstruction A B 86. At the Windward Mark 87. WIND 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 5 6 7 7 88. WIND Protest! 1 5 6 4 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 5 3 4 1 2 89. Lets Go Downwind 90. WIND Downwind Scenario 7 91. Scenario #7 What rules apply in this situation? WIND 92. Scenario #7 What rules apply in this situation? Rule 10 (opposite tacks) Rule 14 ALWAYS applies. Why not Rule 12? WIND 93. Scenario #9 94. Scenario #9 Is Yellow allowed to change course so close to Blue? What rule applies to Yellows course change? If you answered the first question with depends, on what does it depend? 95. Scenario #9 Is Yellow allowed to change course so close to Blue? It Depends! 96. Scenario #9 What rule applies to Yellows course change? Rule 14 (avoiding contact) 16.1 (changing course) 97. Scenario #9 OK - so on what does it depend? Whether Blue can keep clear while maneuvering promptly in a seamanlike way. seamanlike is handling the boat in a way that doesnt put the boat or people in the situation at risk of harm or injury. Promptly means almost immediately. 98. WIND Scenario 10 - Note, Blue became overlapped to windward from Astern. 99. Scenario #10 What Rules apply at each position? Why was it important to know that Blue became overlapped from astern? What if Yellow had come from astern? How Quickly Can Yellow Luff? 100. Scenario #10 What Rules apply at each position? 1. Rule 11 (same tack - overlapped) 2. Rules 11, 14, 16.1 3. Rules 11, 14, 16 Keep Clear, second part pertains here. 101. Scenario #10 Why was it important to know that Blue became overlapped from astern? What if Yellow had come from astern? Because of Rule 17 (on same tack; proper course) If Yellow had come from Astern she could sail no higher than HER, Yellows, proper course. 102. Scenario #10 How Quickly Can Yellow Luff? As quickly as she wants to, provided Blue has the space she needs to keep clear if she maneuvers promptly in a seamanlike way. In other words... pretty fast. 103. Scenarios 11 and 12 WIND 1 1 2 2 1 1 104. Scenario 11 What Rules apply to Blue and Yellow Which boat has the right of way? Tactically, which boat is in control of the other? WIND 1 1 105. Scenario 11 What Rules apply to Blue and Yellow Rule 12 (on same tack, not overlapped) Rule 14 Which boat has right-of- way? Blue - she is clear ahead. WIND 1 1 106. Scenario 11 Tactically, which boat is in control of the other? Yellow is. She is preventing Blue from gybing. WIND 1 1 107. Scenario 12 1 1 2 2 108. Scenario 12 What Rules apply to Blue and Yellow Which boat has the right of way in position 2? Tactically, which boat is in control of the other? What limits, if any, do Blue and Yellow have? 1 1 2 2 109. Scenario 12 What Rules apply to Blue and Yellow Yellow: Rule 12; the when overlapped, rules 11, 15, and 17 Blue Rule 12; then when overlapped rule 11. Could Yellow have continued on her higher course? 1 1 2 2 110. Scenario 12 Which boat has the right of way in position 2? Yellow. Rule 11. 1 1 2 2 111. Scenario 12 Tactically, which boat is in control of the other? Yellow, for the same reason in position 17. If her proper course, was her course at position 1, did she make the right move? 1 1 2 2 112. Scenario 12 What limits, if any, do Blue and Yellow have? Yellow cannot sail above her proper course once she is overlapped with Blue, and for as long as she remains within two hull lengths of Blue on the same tack. (2 lengths/two gybes) Blue can sail below her proper course at all times as long as she keeps clear of Yellow. This is a change. 1 1 2 2 113. Scenarios at the Leeward Mark 114. Leeward Mark In Position 2, which rules apply between: A. Blue and Yellow B. Blue and Green C. Yellow and Green 115. Leeward Mark In Position 2, which rules apply between: A. Blue and Yellow: Rule 10, 18.2(b) B. Blue and Green: Rule 12, 18.2(b) C. Yellow and Green: Rule 10 116. Leeward Mark In Position 2, what are each boats rights and obligations: Yellow must give Blue mark-room. Even though she has ROW, she was clear astern when Blue reached the zone. Yellow has ROW over Green. Green must keep clear of Blue and give her mark- room because she was clear astern and on the same tack when Blue got to the Zone. Blue can sail to the mark in a seamanlike way; and when at the mark, she may round the mark on her proper course. 117. Leeward Mark In Position 3, which rules apply between: A) Blue and Yellow B) Blue and Green C) Yellow and Green 118. Leeward Mark In Position 3, which rules apply between: A) Blue and Yellow - Rules 18.2(b) and 18.2(c) (giving mark-room) B) Blue and Green - Rules 11, 18.2(b) and 18.2(c) C) Yellow and Green - Rules 10, 18.2(b), and 18.4 (gybing) 119. Leeward Mark In Position 3, what at each boats rights and obligations? Yellow must give Blue mark-room, because Blue was clear-ahead of her when Blue reached the Zone. Yellow, while she is on starboard tack, may sail her proper course to the mark, but must gybe when it is her proper course to do so. If she is then the windward boat (to Blue) she can sail a seamanlike course to the mark, and then her proper course around the mark. Green must keep clear of both Yellow and Blue and give them both mark-room. Blue can sail to the mark in a seamanlike way; and when shes at the mark, she can sail her proper course around the mark 120. Leeward Mark WIND CURRENT 121. WIND CURRENT Leeward Gate 122. WIND CURRENT Windward Mark 123. WIND CURRENT Boat End Of Line RC 124. WIND CURRENT Pin End Of Line 125. WIND CURRENT Contact Protest! 126. RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RCRC RC Contact Protest! JURY UMP WING 127. RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RCRC RC Contact Protest! JURY UMP WING 128. WIND Protest! 1 5 6 4 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 5 129. WIND Protest! 1 5 6 4 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 5