ivco 2008 gender mainstreaming presentation

8/14/2019 IVCO 2008 Gender Mainstreaming Presentation

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HOW DO CURRENTHOW DO CURRENT

TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENTTRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT

AND VOLUNTEERINGAND VOLUNTEERINGINTERSECT WITHINTERSECT WITH

GENDER?GENDER?


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What will be covered today?What will be covered today?

1.1. Highlighting things that are often notHighlighting things that are often not

seenseen

How many letter fs in the followingHow many letter fs in the following

sentence..sentence..


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Finished files are theFinished files are the

results of years ofresults of years of

scientific study combinedscientific study combinedwith the experience ofwith the experience of

years.years.


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Just to clarify.Just to clarify.

Sex and genderSex and gender


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Gender equalityGender equality

NOT that women and men are the sameNOT that women and men are the same

BUT that women and men have theBUT that women and men have the

same rightssame rights


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Gender mainstreamingGender mainstreaming

How would you define it?How would you define it?

Mainstreaming gender equality is a commitment toMainstreaming gender equality is a commitment to

ensure that womens as well as mens concerns andensure that womens as well as mens concerns and

experiences are integral to the design,experiences are integral to the design,

implementation, monitoring and evaluation ofimplementation, monitoring and evaluation ofallall

legislation, policies and programmeslegislation, policies and programmes

The ultimate aim is to promote equality betweenThe ultimate aim is to promote equality between

women and menwomen and men


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Why is gender equalityWhy is gender equality

important in development?important in development?


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BirthBirth

In India, hIn India, how many girls areow many girls are

thought to be aborted every day?thought to be aborted every day?

70007000

In 12 days the amount aborted wouldIn 12 days the amount aborted wouldequal the population ofequal the population of

Siem ReapSiem Reap


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Time for schoolTime for school 77 million children out of school. About77 million children out of school. About

57% are girls.57% are girls.

UNICEF 2006 states that nearly 1 out ofUNICEF 2006 states that nearly 1 out ofevery 5 girls who enrol in primary schoolevery 5 girls who enrol in primary school

in developing countries does not completein developing countries does not completea primary education.a primary education.

What fraction of the 780 million illiterateWhat fraction of the 780 million illiteratepeople in the world are women?people in the world are women?

2/3 (DFID 2007)2/3 (DFID 2007)


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Getting marriedGetting married If you were Southern Asian, how many of youIf you were Southern Asian, how many of you

would be married before you were 18?would be married before you were 18?

Nearly half (48%)Nearly half (48%)

Child brides (under 18) are more likely to dieChild brides (under 18) are more likely to dieyounger, suffer from health problems, live inyounger, suffer from health problems, live inpoverty and remain illiterate.poverty and remain illiterate.

Domestic violence is the leading cause of injuryDomestic violence is the leading cause of injuryand death for women worldwideand death for women worldwide


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Having a babyHaving a baby

In the time that we take to do this discussionIn the time that we take to do this discussion

paper 60 women will have died frompaper 60 women will have died fromcomplications in birth or pregnancy 99% incomplications in birth or pregnancy 99% in

developing countries.developing countries.

Pregnancy-related deaths are the leading cause ofPregnancy-related deaths are the leading cause ofmortality for girls aged 15 to 19 worldwide.mortality for girls aged 15 to 19 worldwide.

And who cares for the baby?And who cares for the baby?


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Time to earn anTime to earn anincome!income!

Women often have to balance their caring rolesWomen often have to balance their caring roles

Not only that economic participation is notNot only that economic participation is not

equal. In UK gender equality rated as only 0.69equal. In UK gender equality rated as only 0.69and lowest was Yemen with 0.25and lowest was Yemen with 0.25


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Feminisation of povertyFeminisation of poverty


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The Global Gender Gap Report 2008The Global Gender Gap Report 2008

World Economic ForumWorld Economic Forum

RED = IDEAL

BLUE = ACTUAL


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Trends in developmentTrends in development


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Millennium Development GoalsMillennium Development Goals

(2000)(2000)


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Paris Declaration (2005)Paris Declaration (2005) Increase aid effectiveness so as to reduce poverty reductionIncrease aid effectiveness so as to reduce poverty reduction

and achieve of MDGsand achieve of MDGs

Shift from discrete donor funded projects to harmonisedShift from discrete donor funded projects to harmoniseddonor support for national policy frameworks PRSPs,donor support for national policy frameworks PRSPs,SWAPs, etcSWAPs, etc BUTBUT

Gender-blind no gender equality indicatorsGender-blind no gender equality indicators

Phase 1 evaluation mentioned gender just oncePhase 1 evaluation mentioned gender just once

Undermines role of civil society organisationsUndermines role of civil society organisations

MUCH more complex organisational contextMUCH more complex organisational context


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Recent ODI review in 2008Recent ODI review in 2008suggested 3 fundamentalssuggested 3 fundamentals

need to be in place if MDGsneed to be in place if MDGs

are to be achieved.are to be achieved.

What do you think they are?What do you think they are?


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MDG 1Eradicate extreme

poverty and hunger

MDG 2Achieve universalprimary education

MDG 8

Develop a globalpartnership fordevelopment

MDG 6Combat

HIV/AIDS andother diseases

MDG 4Reduce child

mortality

MDG 5Improve maternal

health

MDG 3Promote gender

equality andempower women

MDG 7Ensure

environmentalsustainability

FUNDAMENTALS:

Gender equality

Peace and political

stability

Sustained economicgrowth

The fundamentals (ODI 2008)


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MDG 1Eradicate extreme

poverty and hunger

MDG 2Achieve universalprimary education

MDG 8

Develop a globalpartnership fordevelopment

MDG 6Combat

HIV/AIDS andother diseases

MDG 4Reduce child

mortality

MDG 5Improve maternal

health

MDG 3Promote gender

equality andempower women

MDG 7Ensure

environmentalsustainability

Gender equality and womensoverall empowerment

at household, community, marketand state levels

Womenseconomic

empowerment

Womens socio-cultural

empowerment

Womens physicalempowerment

Womenspsychologicalempowerment

Womens politicalempowerment


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Gender equality and womensoverall empowerment

at household, community, marketand state levels

Womenseconomic

empowerment

Womens socio-cultural

empowerment

Womens physicalempowerment

Womenspsychologicalempowerment

Womens politicalempowerment


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Models of gender mainstreaming:Models of gender mainstreaming:

InclusionInclusion

ReversalReversal

DisplacementDisplacement


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Best practice includes..Best practice includes.. Gender equality within the organisations as well as the programmesGender equality within the organisations as well as the programmes

Everyone - especially top management and also benefits from a championEveryone - especially top management and also benefits from a champion

Good systems what gets measured gets done: sex-disaggregated data,Good systems what gets measured gets done: sex-disaggregated data,SMARTSMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-related)(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-related) targetstargets

A budgetA budget

Twin track approach: gender mainstreaming + specific interventionTwin track approach: gender mainstreaming + specific intervention


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Where do you think the problemsWhere do you think the problems

lie?lie?

Policy commitments to gender equality evaporatePolicy commitments to gender equality evaporate

Attention to gender equality is not systematicAttention to gender equality is not systematic

General lack of understanding on what genderGeneral lack of understanding on what gendermainstreaming entailsmainstreaming entails

Initiatives are often too reliant on individual staffInitiatives are often too reliant on individual staff

Lack of resources time, money, staffLack of resources time, money, staff


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Who am I?Who am I?

Who did I ask?Who did I ask?

Who responded?Who responded?

Total: 6 CEOs, 34 staff, 59 volunteers, 3 onlineTotal: 6 CEOs, 34 staff, 59 volunteers, 3 online

volunteers = 102 peoplevolunteers = 102 people

71.6% female, 28.4% male71.6% female, 28.4% male

The research


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Research questionsResearch questions

1. Internal practices1. Internal practices

2. Programmes2. Programmes

3. Volunteers3. Volunteers


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1. Internal practices1. Internal practices

To what extent are volunteering organisations walkingTo what extent are volunteering organisations walking

the talk regarding their internal practices of genderthe talk regarding their internal practices of gendermainstreaming?mainstreaming?

1.1. Gender policyGender policy

CCI best practice:CCI best practice:

ShortShort Part of identity not an add onPart of identity not an add on Part of organisation AND programmesPart of organisation AND programmes Practical and identifies processes eg monitoring and evaluation,Practical and identifies processes eg monitoring and evaluation,

training, partnership agreementstraining, partnership agreements DynamicDynamic It passed my acid test!!It passed my acid test!!

An action plan was planned to ensure implementation of the policyAn action plan was planned to ensure implementation of the policy


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2.2. Gender trainingGender training

What % staff said they had never received anyWhat % staff said they had never received any

gender training at their current organisation?gender training at their current organisation?

64.7%64.7%

What % of staff said that they thought that theyWhat % of staff said that they thought that theywere very confident about gender issues?were very confident about gender issues?

8.8%8.8%

How did 97.1% of staff learn about genderHow did 97.1% of staff learn about genderissues?issues?

Informally through other colleagues.Informally through other colleagues.


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3.3. Staff positionsStaff positions

Almost all organisations allowed part-timeAlmost all organisations allowed part-timestaff to hold management posts and hadstaff to hold management posts and had

terms and conditions like flexi-time thatterms and conditions like flexi-time that

help caring-roles to be fulfilled.help caring-roles to be fulfilled.

No clear pattern concerning genderNo clear pattern concerning gender

balance.balance.


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Over to youOver to you

1.1. What is the point of a gender policy? How can it be keptWhat is the point of a gender policy? How can it be keptalive and not in a file once devised? What sort of time alive and not in a file once devised? What sort of time

related targets could be used?related targets could be used?

2.2. What factors are at work keeping women out ofWhat factors are at work keeping women out ofmanagement besides issues of child-care?management besides issues of child-care?

3.3. How can staff keep up-to-date with developments in genderHow can staff keep up-to-date with developments in gender

issues? Should it be part of individual CPD or wholeissues? Should it be part of individual CPD or whole

organisational learning days?organisational learning days?

4.4. Which four posts in your organisation hold the mostWhich four posts in your organisation hold the most

weight? What is the gender balance of those?weight? What is the gender balance of those?


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2. Programmes2. Programmes

a)a) What percentage of programmes haveWhat percentage of programmes have

womens empowerment as a definitewomens empowerment as a definitefocus?focus?

b)b) Is there a gender analysis at the designIs there a gender analysis at the designstage so that possible impacts on menstage so that possible impacts on menand women are differentiated?and women are differentiated?

c)c) Are gender-sensitive indicators beingAre gender-sensitive indicators beingused to monitor and evaluateused to monitor and evaluateprogrammes?programmes?


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a) Womens empowermenta) Womens empowerment

What % of the programmes across the organisations have womensWhat % of the programmes across the organisations have womensempowerment as a primary focus?empowerment as a primary focus?

Some statistics not available but average is 34% of the restSome statistics not available but average is 34% of the rest

What % of the programmes have womens empowerment as aWhat % of the programmes have womens empowerment as asecondary focus?secondary focus?

Some statistics not available, average 50% of the restSome statistics not available, average 50% of the rest

b) Gender analysisb) Gender analysisWhat % of organisations stated that theyWhat % of organisations stated that they alwaysalways did a genderdid a genderanalysis at the design stage of the programmesanalysis at the design stage of the programmes

50%50%

Sometimes?Sometimes? 33.3%33.3%

Rarely?Rarely? 16.7%16.7%


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c) Gender-sensitive indicatorsc) Gender-sensitive indicators

3 organisations suggested a variety of indicators;3 organisations suggested a variety of indicators;

2 of the organisations did not give details but said2 of the organisations did not give details but saidindicators were used;indicators were used;1 declined to answer.1 declined to answer.

AVI:AVI:Economic participation; economic opportunity;Economic participation; economic opportunity;political empowerment, educational attainment; andpolitical empowerment, educational attainment; andhealth and well-being (inc focus on safety andhealth and well-being (inc focus on safety andfreedom from violence). Specific targets relevant tofreedom from violence). Specific targets relevant to

beneficiary community would be identified for eachbeneficiary community would be identified for eachof these headings.of these headings.


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Given the centrality of womens empowerment inGiven the centrality of womens empowerment inachieving the MDGs, why does it not seem to have aachieving the MDGs, why does it not seem to have ahigher priority? What are the barriers to this being morehigher priority? What are the barriers to this being morecentral?central?

What prevents gender analyses always being completedWhat prevents gender analyses always being completedat the design stage of programmes?at the design stage of programmes?

What indicators could be used effectively for the fiveWhat indicators could be used effectively for the fiveareas of empowerment: physical, socio-cultural,areas of empowerment: physical, socio-cultural,

economic, psychological and political? Would it beeconomic, psychological and political? Would it behelpful or constraining if standardised ones were usedhelpful or constraining if standardised ones were usedthroughout development? Give examples of successfulthroughout development? Give examples of successfulindicators.indicators.

V l (44 1 )


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Volunteers (44 women 15 men)Volunteers (44 women 15 men)How are the current trends in volunteering intersectingHow are the current trends in volunteering intersecting

with gender?with gender?

Broad distribution of work: women

9%

14%

0%

9%

2%2%

5%0%2%

17%

5%

14%

2%

7%

7%5%

HIV

Communications

Arts

Education

IT

Social work

Health

Engineering

Agriculture

OrganisationalDevelopmentLibrary

Human Rights

Fundraising

Capacity Building

Human Resources

Not enough detail

Broad distribution of work: men

13%

7%

7%

32%

20%

7%

7%7%

HIV

Communications

Arts

Education

IT

Social work

Health

Engineering

1. Work

2 A 81 8% f 40 d d 80% f2 Age 81 8% of women were 40 and under; 80% of men


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2. Age - 81.8% of women were 40 and under; 80% of men2. Age - 81.8% of women were 40 and under; 80% of menwere over 40. Why do you think volunteers chose the timewere over 40. Why do you think volunteers chose the timethey did? Sex-disaggregate please.they did? Sex-disaggregate please.

A lack of family commitments - 53.3% of women 16.7% ofA lack of family commitments - 53.3% of women 16.7% of

the menthe men Challenge and adventure - 66.7% of men and none of theChallenge and adventure - 66.7% of men and none of the

womenwomen Making a contribution - 33.3% of the women and 16.7% ofMaking a contribution - 33.3% of the women and 16.7% of

the menthe men

3. What percentages of men and women are in management3. What percentages of men and women are in managementroles?roles?

60% of men; 13.6% of women60% of men; 13.6% of women

4. Accountability4. AccountabilityHigh (5 or 6)?High (5 or 6)?

47.7% of women, 25.7% of the men47.7% of women, 25.7% of the men

Low (2 or less)?Low (2 or less)? Over 50% of men, 2.3% of womenOver 50% of men, 2.3% of women

5 H d id h d


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5. How many women and men said there were gender-5. How many women and men said there were gender-sensitive challenges at work?sensitive challenges at work?

59.1% of women and 26.7% of men59.1% of women and 26.7% of men

An elder male colleague in the same position as me is treatedvery differently from me and men in the organisation often

(unintentionally I believe) refer to me using terminology that I

find to be a bit sexist (female, aged 22-30).

Even by my female boss, I am often not seen as valuable asmale colleagues. I have troubles moving around on my own,

need protection and am seen as vulnerable (female, aged 31-

40).

Dealing with inappropriate sexist comments made by malestowards women (male, aged 41-50).

The issue is how not to exploit the power and authority that

comes with being an older foreign male (male, aged 51-60).

6 52 3% f th d 26 7% f th


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6. 52.3% of the women and 26.7% of the men6. 52.3% of the women and 26.7% of the men

experienced gender-specific challenges in the hostexperienced gender-specific challenges in the host

community.community.

Being myself, with my own way of being male- like not beinginterested in football, cars, drinking etc. is sometimes

challenging here (male, aged 41-50).

I cannot socialise with men on my own - there always has to be

other women, therefore I have to always think about who I amwith and where we are going to meet. On the other hand,

integrating into the female social network is easy and

welcoming (female, aged 41-50).

Women are also expected to prepare tea and food for anyguests. As this is not part of my cultural background, I have

found it difficult, for example, when my or my partner's students

expect me to prepare tea/food for them while I am working

(female, aged 22-30).


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7. Power structures7. Power structuresWhat % of volunteers perceived that positions of authority wereWhat % of volunteers perceived that positions of authority wereheld by men in theheld by men in the community?community?

83.1%83.1%AtAt workwork??

57.6%57.6% 22% by women and 20.3% an equal balance22% by women and 20.3% an equal balance

Informally through colleagues

Through written publications

Through staff training

Through links with other organisations

Gender specialists

8. Ways volunteers increase their knowledge of gender8. Ways volunteers increase their knowledge of genderissues:issues:

9 R l f th i t t9 R l f th i t t


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9. Role of the internet9. Role of the internet

One organisation runs an online volunteering programmeOne organisation runs an online volunteering programmebut were not able to participate in the survey. However, I didbut were not able to participate in the survey. However, I didascertain:ascertain:

40% of the volunteers were from southern countries and all40% of the volunteers were from southern countries and all

were working to support projects in developing countries.were working to support projects in developing countries.

In 2007 there was a total of 2753 volunteers (62% women).In 2007 there was a total of 2753 volunteers (62% women).

Each of the online programmes is linked to MDGs andEach of the online programmes is linked to MDGs andcurrently 2% are linked to MDG 3.currently 2% are linked to MDG 3.

I managed to contact 3 volunteers (2 women and 1 man)I managed to contact 3 volunteers (2 women and 1 man)

who identified FLEXIBILITY, BREADTH OFwho identified FLEXIBILITY, BREADTH OFPROGRAMMES, SKILLS-MATCH as being attractive andPROGRAMMES, SKILLS-MATCH as being attractive andimportant features.important features.

Potentially able to break through barriers of all sorts.Potentially able to break through barriers of all sorts.


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Why do women feel more accountable?Why do women feel more accountable?

What are the barriers to male and female volunteersWhat are the barriers to male and female volunteerschallenging sexist behaviour? Is it harder for men?challenging sexist behaviour? Is it harder for men?

Its one thing to assert womens equality but another toIts one thing to assert womens equality but another tochallenge notions of masculinity. Do you agree?challenge notions of masculinity. Do you agree?

How can partner organisations help volunteers withHow can partner organisations help volunteers withgender-specific challenges /keep abreast of gendergender-specific challenges /keep abreast of genderissues? What positive examples do you have of this?issues? What positive examples do you have of this?


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Post-scriptPost-script

It would be great to have discussions about genderIt would be great to have discussions about genderequality involved in the volunteer positions at theequality involved in the volunteer positions at theinitial stages as well as throughout the assignment.initial stages as well as throughout the assignment.

It is good to be taught about the ideals of genderIt is good to be taught about the ideals of gendermainstreaming, reaching the Millennium Goals.mainstreaming, reaching the Millennium Goals.

it would extremely valuable to be able to identify ait would extremely valuable to be able to identify arange of strategies which could work in the workplacerange of strategies which could work in the workplace

and community.. (female volunteer under 40)and community.. (female volunteer under 40)


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My conclusionMy conclusion Few people remain neutral about the subject because it is not justFew people remain neutral about the subject because it is not just

about policies but identities.about policies but identities.

Gender equality is fundamental to achievement of MDGs.Gender equality is fundamental to achievement of MDGs.

Gender mainstreaming needs to be thoroughly incorporatedGender mainstreaming needs to be thoroughly incorporated

through systems and processes so as not to be reliant onthrough systems and processes so as not to be reliant onindividuals.individuals.

The Paris Declaration is making the situation more complex.The Paris Declaration is making the situation more complex.

Volunteers and staff need to be better prepared, equipped andVolunteers and staff need to be better prepared, equipped andmotivated.motivated.

Women and men are needed to achieve gender equality.Women and men are needed to achieve gender equality.


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Whats yours?Whats yours?Any feedback most welcome:Any feedback most welcome: [email protected]@gmail.com

Any more questions?Any more questions?

Write them down with your email address and I willWrite them down with your email address and I will

get back to you as soon as I canget back to you as soon as I can
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

ivco 2008 gender mainstreaming presentation

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