ivan hamráček supervisor: rndr. jaroslav antoš csc
DESCRIPTION
Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice. Spectroscopic Measurements of the Single Bubble Sonoluminescence. Ivan Hamráček Supervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Antoš CSc. Doctoral Seminar IEP, SAS, Košice 2011. [email protected]. Sonoluminescence. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ivan HamráčekSupervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Antoš CSc.
Institute of Experimental PhysicsSlovak Academy of Sciences, Košice
Doctoral Seminar IEP, SAS, Košice 2011
June 15. 2011 1/[email protected]
light emitting from the gaseous bubbles in the liquid excited by the acoustic pressure field
temperature in bubble(~ 10.000 K )
light flash duration(~100 ps)
SBSL in water; I. Hamracek; April 2006
MBSL SBSL light production mechanism still unknown
June 15. 2011 2/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
one gaseous bubble trapped in the centerof the flask exposed to ultrasound
concentration of the energy of acousticvibrations by a factor of 1012
106 photons (2-6eV) per one flash
June 15. 2011 3/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
10
20
30
40
50
radi
us [
μm]
0
acou
stic
ampl
itude
[ATM
]
1
-1
0
time [μs]2010 300
bubble expansion and implosion
RMAX ~ 50 mMie scattering
R0 ~ 5 m
vR ~ 4M
T ~ 104 - 108 K !spectrum
shock wave
flash
t ~ 60 - 250 psTCSPC
R0 ~ 0,5 m
• volume shift by factor 106
• slow isothermal expansion• fast adiabatic colaps
• high pressure and temperature
• periodic intervals• 106 photons
June 15. 2011 4/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
SL laboratory formation experimental apparatus for SBSL creation technology of proper conditions for stable SBSL automation of SBSL creation
June 15. 2011 5/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
continuous in 190nm – 700nm region UV sector absorbed by water light production mechanism still unknown very low intensity
wavelength calibration absolute spectral response calibration calibration verification medium absorbance analysis suitable optical apparatus
OceanOptics USB4000 Spectrometer• detector range 200 – 900 nm• 3648-element Toshiba linear CCD array• integration time 3.8 ms – 10 sUncalibrated deformed SBSL Spectrum 200-900nm, 7s/20average/10box, 2007
June 15. 2011 6/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
QE65000-FLSpectrometerUSB4000 Spectrometer
wavelength drift slightly with time OceanOptics HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source spectrum calibration included with every measurement automatization needed study of external effects on w.c. (spec. board temperature, integration time,
averaging, source runtime)
automatized calibration in LabView (HG-1 spectrum and spectrum parameters loaded, line identification, calibration recommendation, archiving data)
June 15. 2011 7/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source
June 15. 2011 8/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
LS-1-CAL Radiometric Calibration Standard
USB4000 Spectrometer
corrections:
size of light emitting surface time integration (pulses) emissivity (temperature and wavelength
dependent) transmittance (water, flask glass, lens) geometric (water, flask, lens, light source
distance)
keep a check on:
conditions (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure)
light distortions (light dispersion, reflection, refraction)
mechanical distortions (fiber) aberrations (chromatic, defocus, spherical,
astigmatism, coma, Petzval field curvature)
other corrections
thermal sources (Tungsten & Nichrome filament, Sun, stars, hotplate)Planck’s & Stefan-Boltzmann & Wien’s law
other (LED)
automated Tungsten & Nichrome filament temperature estimator (LabView)
(I,U,P,T controlling and recording)systematically undervalued temperatures
automated software for Planck fit(raw spectra, calibration, spectral power, spectral radiance, number of photons, corrections (transmittances, emissivity))
June 15. 2011 9/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
Sun spectra measurementsair mass (coordinate, time, zenith angle)wavelength dependent correction (atmosphere purity (clouds, dust, smog...), spectra measurements procedure (acceptance angle, spectrometer overheat)…)
LEDsreproducibility, corrections, distortions,spectra, radial distributions, dissipatedpower,
June 15. 2011 10/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
Neckel H. a Labs D. The Solar Radiation Between 3300 and 12500 A; Solar Physics, 1984, 90, 205-258
included: calibration function, integration time,light collection solid angle
not included:water, glass and optics absorption optics geometry
Sonoluminescence spectrum, T = 10.400 Kf = 26.698 kHz; A = 7,4 V; integration time = 10 s; averaging = 10; boxcar width =50dissolved oxygen = 3,2 mg/lT = 21°C; pa = 1015 mbar
raw spectra
June 15. 2011 11/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
conditions for stable SBSLobservations experimental apparatus for SBSL creation – done technology of proper conditions for stable SBSL (even hours) - done
SBSL temperature estimation observation of raw SL spectra - done automated wavelength calibration - done absolute spectral response calibration – in progress calibration verification – in progress distortions & corrections analysis – in progress preliminary temperature estimation – done suitable approach for UV detection (wavelength shifter, closer to bubble…) new spectrometer (QE65000) possibility of temperature regulations – to do
June 15. 2011 12/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
estimation of flash duration• confirmation of one light flash per one acoustic cycle - done• confirmation of flash duration being of couple orders lower than acoustic
cycle (PMT) - done• flash registrated with MPPC - single photons registered – done
diameter measurements• Mie Scattering – qualitative agreement with dynamics theory – done • slow diameter increasing, fast collapse, afterpulses observed – done
corelations between parameters (pressure amplitude, temperature,intensity, flash duration) – to do
required experimental apparatus for dissertation aims completion already obtained – done
June 15. 2011 13/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
Thank you for your attention!
June 15. 2011 14/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
June 15. 2011 15/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
34410A 6½ Digit Multimeter 33220A Function Generator
E3647A Dual Output Power SupplyE3649A Dual Output Power SupplyPicoScope 3424
HG-1 Mercury Argon Calibration Source9306 1-GHz Preamplifier
VME-V1290N 16Channel Multihit TDC
935 Quad 200MHz CFD
SPMMini High Gain APD
C10751-03 MPPC
Sony EVI-D100P
HI 9142 Dissolved Oxygen Meter
USB4000 SpectrometerQE65000-FL
Spectrometer
FVA-UV Attenuator
DT-MINI-2-GSLight Source
LS-1-CAL Radiometric Calibration Standard
Longpass & Shortpassfilters
CUV-UV Cuvette Holder
June 15. 2011 16/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
the light scattered within a given angle is proportional to the square of the radius of the bubble signal from the PMT is proportional to the intensity of the scattered light 565 nm laser (red) no calibration for PMT signal to radius nor for excitation signal amplitude to acoustic pressure field amplitude yet proportional parameters: good qualitative agreement with Rayleigh-Plesset equation and published experimental results
excitation signal amplitude [V]
light pulses observed
light pulses not observed
June 15. 2011 17/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
June 15. 2011 18/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
p(t)=0
p(t)=p0sin(ωt)
acoustic pressurep(x,t)
X position
Bjerknes force – time average
t0+T/2
t0
June 15. 2011 19/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
tpp
R
R
RR
R
RpRRR AH
b
H
sin4221
2
33
0
0
2
qualitative bubble dynamics description
R – bubble radiuspH – hydrostatic pressurepA – acoustic amplitudeσ – surface tensionμ – liquid viscosity
Assumptions
- liquidincompressibility
- slow radius shift
June 15. 2011 20/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
S. Putterman; February 1995
no SBSLSBSL
1,0
acoustic amplitude [ATM]
1,1
1,2
1,3
relative intensity of light emitted
time [μs]50
4030
2010
0
1020304050
radi
us [μ
m]
Hiller et al.; 1992
M.P. Brenner; April 2002
0,1 1 10 100% inert gas in N2
SL in
tens
ity
• liquid used• bubble gas used• acoustic amplitude• ambient temperature• others?
Weninger et al.; May 1995
June 15. 2011 21/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
• signal generated and amplified with frequency of ~ 27 kHz
flask
osciloscope pc
pmt camera
• apparatus scene captured with camera
• transformed by piezoceramic transducers to US standing wave
parameters monitored
• LC circuit current• sound captured with microphone at
the bottom of the flask• flash captured with photomultiplier
USB 4000
1MΩ
10kΩ
• spectrum scanned USB 4000
function generator
~amplifier
L
1Ω
requirements
• function generator output voltage
June 15. 2011 22/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
June 15. 2011 23/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
liquid preparation
• 5-10 fold cut-down of gas content in destilated water
• 115 ml, liquid surface in flask neck for spherical liquid shape
signal generated• 26,69 kHz, 3-5 Vpp
bubble creation• liquid surface undulation (miniature bubble creation)
sonoluminescence observation• microphone output signal folds• light pulses captured with PMT
SBSL in water on osciloscope LeCroy; I. Hamráček; April 2006
June 15. 2011 24/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011
June 15. 2011 Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011 25/20
focal distance 11mm, F/3.2
r ~ 50m
Hamráček; April 2006; Olympus C750
1mm
0,5exposition [s]: 123,25610ISO: 50 400 100 400 400 400 400
dig. zoom 15x0.3mm
50μm
focal distance 11mm, F/3.2
r ~ 50m
Hamráček; April 2006; Olympus C750
1mm
0,5exposition [s]: 123,25610ISO: 50 400 100 400 400 400 400
dig. zoom 15x0.3mm
50μm
• Photon Counting• low-light-level measurements (luminescence, fluorescence)
• incident photons are detected as separate pulses• average time intervals between signal pulses are wider than the
time resolution of PMT• signal stability, detection effeciency, signal-to-noise ratio• <100 ps time resolution• 2 fast detectors - time difference of
signal registration distribution
PMT – MPPC, CFD – constant fraction discriminator , TAC – time to amplitude converter, MCA – multichannel analyzer
Light sourcePMT
PMT
CFD
CFD
TACstart
stop
MCAU(Δt)
June 15. 2011 28/20
• novel type semiconducting photon sensor• built from an avalanche photodiode (APD) array on common Si substrate• sensitive size 1x1 mm2
• great photon dtection ability• excellent cost performance• very compact size
SPMMini PMT
Ivan Hamracek, Written part of the dissertation examinationJune 15. 2011
June 15. 2011 32/20Ivan Hamracek, Doctoral Seminar IEP SAS 2011