ITU Global Forum

Workshop Session

The Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster ManagementGeneva, 11 December 2007

The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

and the Hyogo Framework for Action

The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

and the Hyogo Framework for Action

Pedro Basabe, Dr. ès Sc.

Senior advisor

ISDR secretariat, Geneva

Overview

II The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR),

Trends and vision

III The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and implementation

I

IV Earth Observations and communications for risk and disaster management: recommendations and challenges

Number of People Killed(Income Class/Disaster Type) (1975-2000) World Summary

27,010(1.36%)

87,414(4.41%)

520,418(26.25%)

1,347,504(67.98%)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

High Income

Upper Middle Income

Lower Middle Income

Low Income

Inco

me

Cla

ss

Number of People Killed('000s)Drought Earthquake Epidemic Flood Slide Volcano Wind storm Others

OVER THE LAST DECADE: • 900,000 dead • US$ 570B losses • 2,600 million people affected • poor people and countries most affected• most disasters are weather/climate related

Low income

Lower-middle income

Upper-middle income

High income

1a. Human losses: numbers

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

© 2006 NatCatSERVICE, Geo Risks Research, Munich Re

Disaster trends & impacts -> rising

2. Economic losses: non-insured and insured

Source: EM-DAT, OFDA/CRED, Brussels, world data 1900-2004:

1b. Human losses: hazards by personal income

I

Common root causes –> Risk componentsNatural and human-induced hazardsNatural and human-induced hazardse.g.: geological, e.g.: geological, hydro-meteorological hydro-meteorological

hazards, land degradation, climate hazards, land degradation, climate change, etc.change, etc.

Socio-economicSocio-economic: poverty,: poverty, unplanned urban growth, lack of unplanned urban growth, lack of

awareness and institutional capacities...awareness and institutional capacities...

PhysicalPhysical: insufficient land use planning, : insufficient land use planning, housing, infrastructures located in hazard housing, infrastructures located in hazard prone areas...prone areas...

Environmental impactEnvironmental impact ecosystem degradation; coastal, ecosystem degradation; coastal,

watershed, marshlands…), etc.watershed, marshlands…), etc.

HAZARDS +HAZARDS +

EXTREME EVENTSEXTREME EVENTS

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY/ Capacities/ Capacities

IVision

The vision of disaster risk reduction

Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk to natural hazards?

Short answer: NO!

Identification of hazards/vulnerability; monitoring and management of risk are integral to sustainable development.

• Risks will always remain

• Address root-causes to vulnerability: social, economic, environmental, technical-physical factors

I

Reconstruction

Risk identification

Mitigation, EW

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Disaster

Disaster Risk Reduction actors (e.g. ISDR system)

Humanitarian actors

(e.g. OCHA, IASC)

Holistic approach: combine efforts to Holistic approach: combine efforts to reduce disaster impactsreduce disaster impacts

Risk & Disaster Management Cycle

Sustainable Development actors (e.g. UNDP)

I

Disaster Risk Reduction agenda and challengeDisaster Risk Reduction agenda and challenge

Prior to 1990sPrior to 1990s - Civil Defence, Relief - Civil Defence, Relief organizations: humanitarian response to organizations: humanitarian response to emergenciesemergencies

During 1990sDuring 1990s – – International Decade on International Decade on Natural Disaster (IDNDR), Yokohama strategy Natural Disaster (IDNDR), Yokohama strategy which also consider linkage between which also consider linkage between emergence of disasters/developmentemergence of disasters/development

Since 2000Since 2000 – International Strategy for – International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR): reduce disaster riskDisaster Reduction (ISDR): reduce disaster risk

HFA: 2005-2015HFA: 2005-2015 – Building the resilient – Building the resilient communities and nations to dcommunities and nations to disasters as part of isasters as part of Development & linked to Humanitarian agendaDevelopment & linked to Humanitarian agenda

ReactiveReactive

ProactiveProactive

I

International Strategy for Disaster ReductionLaunched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as

successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR, 1990-1999:

The ISDR aims at building disaster resilient communities by promoting increased awareness of the importance of

disaster reduction as an integral component of sustainable development, with the goal of reducing human, social,

economic and environmental losses due to natural hazards and related technological and environmental disasters.

II

September 2002

Main United Nations Mechanisms

General Assembly ECOSOC UN Secretariat

•OCHA: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsISDR

•DESA: Department ofEconomic and Social Aff.UNCRD

•OOSA•Reg. Eco. Comm. & Sec.

Programmes and funds•UNDP/ PNUD•UNEP/ PNUMA•WFP/ PMA•UNICEF•UN-HabitatOther entities•UNU•UNITAR•UNOPS

Specialized agencies•FAO• ILO/ OIT•UNESCO•WHO/ OMS•World Bank/ BM• ITU/ UIT•WMO/ OMM

The ISDR within the UN system (simplified chart)

II

Framework for

Disaster Risk Reduction,

Living with Risk 2004

II

ISDRMain functions:

(a) Policy, Strategy and Coordination

(b) Advocacy and Communication

(c) Information Management and Networks (PreventionWeb)

(d) Regional outreach and partnership for implementation

IIUN/ISDR

(a) POLICY/STRATEGY: examples

• UN mainstreaming of DRR: – UN millennium Road Map– WSSD Johannesburg, Sep. 2002 (political declaration)– Humanitarian agenda– Poverty eradication– LDCs action plan for sustainable development– SIDS and Barbados programme for action

• DRR into agendas, sectors or hazards: – Climate change: policy paper process (VARG…) for UNFCCC & IPCC – Early warning and tsunami: Int’l EW Programme (Boon), UNESCO/IOC– Strengthening disaster preparedness at all levels (OCHA, Humanitarian

sector)– Freshwater: Integrated flood management– UN initiative towards Earthquakes Safe Cities– Earth Observations and communications for DRR (UNOOSA, UN-SPIDER,

ITU, UNOSAT, GEOSS, Geohazards, Respond, Int’l Charter, etc. )– Drought, desertification, dust storms (UNCCD, FAO, WFP, WMO, UNESCO)– Other thematic and hazards agendas

IIUN/ISDR

Annual Awareness Campaign UN Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction (annual) ISDR Highlights (monthly), ISDR Informs (biannual) Guidelines, good practices, education & training materials Stop Disaster on-line game, Riskland game, radio soap-operas,

booklets…

(b) ADVOCACY: examples

The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)2005-2015: Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to disasters

Adopted by 168 governments at the 2nd World Conference on Disaster Reduction (GA res.) in Kobe, Japan on January 2005(more than 4000 participants)

III

The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning

The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build resilience to hazards

The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency, response and recovery programmes

Strategic goals

IIIThe Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

Priorities for action 2005-2015

1. Policies and governance: ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation.

2. Risk identification: identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.

3. Knowledge: use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.

4. Reducing the underlying risk factors: 1. Environment and natural resources management. 2. Social and economic development practices. 3. Land-use planning, building codes and other technical measures.

5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 III

4. Implementation and follow-up

A. General considerations

B. States - constituencies

C. Regional organizations and institutions

D. International organizations

E. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (Global Platform and coordination mechanisms)

F. Resources mobilization

Monitor progress:- Guidelines and indicators

- Yearly report to the GA

IIIContent (continue….):

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

III

As result of consultations and coordinated work between relevant

Space and UN agencies, the HFA incorporates specific references:

Paragraph: B. 18. (i) (d) “Promote the use, application and

affordability of recent information, communication and

space-based technologies and related services, as well

as earth observations to support disaster risk reduction,

particularly for training and for sharing and dissemination of

information among different categories of users”.

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

III

Paragraph: B. 17. (g) “Support the improvement of scientific and

technical methods and capacities for risk assessment, monitoring

and early warning, through research, partnerships, training and

technical capacity- building. Promote the application of in situ and

space-based earth observations, space technologies, remote

sensing, geographic information systems, hazard modelling and

prediction, weather and climate modelling and forecasting,

communication tools and studies of the costs and benefits of risk

assessment and early warning”.

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

SUMMARY of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: III

Summary (continued) IIIThe Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

Our objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focussing on nations and communities

The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

The vehicle: ISDR system - ‘movement ’

How to implement the HFA:

Build a disaster risk reduction movement (ISDR system)

            

      

IIIThe Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

ISDR system levels of action (“platforms”)

National implementationNational frameworks, multi-stakeholders, and multi disciplinary with

Support from UN country team – when appropriate

ThematicBuilding on existing networks, clusters, programmes and other mechanisms

RegionalBased on existing regional and sub-regional strategies and mechanisms

ISD

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Global Platform report to GAAnnual sessions

Subsidiary Programme Advisory/Committee

IIIThe Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

ISDR: National Platforms and Focal Points for Disaster Reduction (155)

National level : National platforms for DRR: 35 countries and 5 UK territoriesFocal points: 105 countriesRegional level: Regional strategies- Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Pacific (Madang Framework), - Africa (AU/NEPAD), - Europe (Council of Europe),- LAC: Andean countries (CAN/CAPRADE), Central America (SICA/CEPREDENAC), Caribbean (CARICOM/CDERA), OAS,… - Regional centers: drought (China), seismic risk (Iran)…International level: - ISDR system: UN, international organizations and NGO- Global platform for DRR (June 2007: 124 governments, 1150 participants)- WB/GFDRR, regional development banks, Private Sector: Thematic level: -Early Warning (IEWP, Bonn); Recovery (IRP, Kobe); Capacity Development (CADRI, Geneva); El Niño Phenomenon (CIIFEN, Guayaquil); Wildland Fires (GFMC, Freiburg), Partnership for drought risk reduction.- Parnertship for the use of EO and communications for DRR (UNOOSA, UN-SPIDER, ITU, UNOSAT, GEOSS, Geohazards, Respond, Int’l Charter, etc. )

Progress in implementation of the HFA III

Overview

II The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR),

Trends and vision

III The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and implementation

I

IV Earth Observations and communications for risk and disaster management: recommendations and challenges

Ex. 1: Disaster ManagementMozambique Flooding, Feb - Mar 2007:Int. Charter and UNOSAT: flood extent maps

Recipients: UN Res.Coor. office, WFP, OCHA, UNICEF, UNDP/BCPR, WHO, the International Organisation for Migrations, Save the Children, the National Disaster Management Institute of Mozambique, National Red Cross, Ministries and Institutes.

Feb 2007: March 2007:

IV

“This is the worst cyclone season in the recorded history of the country”

Comments made by Dusan Zupka, the Senior Emergency Coordination Officer assigned to Madagascar by the United Nations (UN) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Geneva

Cyclone Indlala hitting Madagascar

Ex. 2: Disaster Management Rapid Map Sheets, produced by RESPOND

IV

On-line hazards and

vulnerability maps

Identification of people/zones at risk

UNEP/GRID and UN/ISDR

www.unisdr,org

IVEx. 1: Risk Management

Satellite imagery to plan mitigation measures geared to reduce El Niño phenomenon impacts

CIIFEN, UNOSAT and UN/ISDR, 2007-2008

Phase 1: provision of:

- Landcover and infrastructure map

- Data and information

Manabi, Ecuador

IVEx. 2: Agriculture Risk Management 2007-2008

Access and affordability of EO, data and products for hazards/vulnerability identification, mapping, monitoring, early warning system and preparedness planning.

Promote the access and use of communications to support DRR, sharing information, monitoring and EW systems and mitigation/preparedness measures.

Knowledge exchange and transfer, institutional and professional capacity development, training and methods to facilitate the use of EO for risk mgt.

Funding sources to:

i) improve existing observing systems and research,

ii) facilitate access and exchange of knowledge in particular with developing countries.

,

IIIIVEO and telecommunications for Risk Management (DRR): Some recommendations

Some Challenges

Move towards integrated risk and disaster management holistic approach

Strengthening collaboration and coordination among different actors international coordinating mechanism or platform to provide EO services for risk and disaster management.

Actors to agree in an international coordinated programme, based on users needs.

Sustainable resources allocation: accessibility, capacity development and use in risk and disaster mgt.

To contribute to specific projects on the ground: risk identification, monitoring and EW systems, preparedness planning and mitigation measures.

IIIIV

We invite you to participate in a common We invite you to participate in a common approach and action to reduce the impact approach and action to reduce the impact

of disaster and peoples’ suffering.of disaster and peoples’ suffering.

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

For further information please visit: www.unisdr.org