Lee, Eun-Kyu, Soon Y. Oh, and Mario Gerla. "RFID assisted vehicle positioning in

VANETs." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 8.2 (2012): 167-179.

this paper proposes an RFID-assisted localization system. The proposed system employs the

DGPS concept to improve GPS accuracy. A vehicle obtains two different position data: GPS

coordinate from its own GPS receiver and accurate physical position via RFID

communication. Then, it computes GPS error and shares it with neighbors to help them

correct inaccurate GPS coordinates. To evaluate the proposed system, we conduct extensive

experiments both on a simulator and on a real world test-bed. The simulation shows that,

with the RFID-assisted localization system, vehicles can acquire accurate position both on a

freeway and in an urban area. The results from the test-bed experiments demonstrate that

the proposed system is feasible in the real VANET environment.

Drawil, Nabil M., Haitham M. Amar, and Otman A. Basir. "GPS localization accuracy classification:

A context-based approach." Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on 14.1 (2013):

262-273.

Global Positioning System (GPS) localization has been attracting attention recently in

various areas, including intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), navigation systems, road

tolling, smart parking, and collision avoidance. Although, various approaches for improving

localization accuracy have been reported in the literature, there is still a need for more

efficient and more effective measures that can ascribe some level of accuracy to the

localization process. These measures will enable localization systems to manage the

localization process and resources to achieve the highest accuracy possible and to mitigate

the impact of inadequate accuracy on the target application. The localization accuracy of

any GPS system depends heavily on both the technique it uses to compute locations and

the measurement conditions in its surroundings. However, while localization techniques

have recently started to demonstrate significant improvement in localization performance,

they continue to be severely impacted by the measurement conditions in their environment.

Indeed, the impact of the measurement conditions on the localization accuracy in itself is an

ill-conditioned problem due to the incongruent nature of the measurement process. This

paper proposes a scheme to address localization accuracy estimation. This scheme

involves two steps, namely, measurement condition disambiguation and enhanced location

accuracy classification. Real-life comparative experiments are presented to demonstrate the

efficacy of the proposed scheme in classifying GPS localization accuracy under various

measurement conditions.

ehicular networks are characterized by a highly dynamic network topology, and disruptive

and intermittent connectivity. In such network environments, a complete path from source

to destination does not exist on the most part of the time. Vehicular delay-tolerant network

(VDTN) architecture was introduced to deal with these connectivity constraints. VDTN

assumes asynchronous, bundle-oriented communication, and a store-carry-and-forward

routing paradigm. A routing protocol for VDTNs should make the best use of the tight

resources available in network nodes to create a multi-hop path that exists over time. This

paper proposes a VDTN routing protocol, called GeoSpray, which takes routing decisions

based on geographical location data, and combines a hybrid approach between multiple-

copy and single-copy schemes. First, it starts with a multiple-copy scheme, spreading a

limited number of bundle copies, in order to exploit alternative paths. Then, it switches to a

forwarding scheme, which takes advantage of additional contact opportunities. In order to

improve resources utilization, it clears delivered bundles across the network nodes. It is

shown that GeoSpray improves significantly the delivery probability and reduces the

delivery delay, compared to traditional location and non location-based single-copy and

multiple-copy routing protocols.