Concerned with in humanitarian work in Syria and review the latest developmentsin the humanitarian work in Syria, according to the humanitarian work sectors.

Issued montly by Syria Relief Network

Contents

Education Sector Update

Displacement in northern Syria

FSL Sector RespondFor Aleppo Displacements

NFI Sector Update

4

12

8

16

6

14

10

20

The Humanitarian Situationin the Syrian Governorates

Water Infrastructure SurveyUNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF URBAN WATER SYSTEMS

Health Sectore Highlight 2016

IHL WHO IS BOUND BY

EducationS e c t o rU p d a t e

Cluster coordinators discussed Education Cannot Wait ECM proposal in Istanbul along with cluster coordinators from other Hubs (Amman and Damascus) in addition to WoS coordinators. ECW is a two-year funded project for $15M. The proposal is not just for education activities; it has a holistic view aiming to Strengthen the education system for the sustainable delivery of equitable, quality and protective education services in Syria. Its outcomes: Strengthened capacity of the education system to deliver a timely, coordinated and evidence-based education response, Improved access for girls/boys to equitable education and learning opportunities, Improved quality and relevance of formal and non-formal education within a protective environment. The donors are not traditional humanitarian donors- that is donors that give funding on need. The funding will be disbursed through hubs based on need. UNICEF will be the grant holder, thus organizations will sign a PCA with UNICEF.

Cluster members and cluster coordinators are discussing the 2017 cluster priorities. And now are working on a plan to meet those priorities.

Emergency response planning was discussed with OCHA and cluster members for different locations. The draft to be shared soon.

The cluster has conducted a 4W training for members, the training focused on few common mistakes in filling out the form, such as repeating the organization name in the managing agency, implementing partner and donor. It was also stressed out not to copy and paste any cell in the sheet.

CCCM, Education cluster coordinators and members met to focus on education activities in conducted in camps, because education in camps is not captured in CCCM 4Ws and education partners are not reported in Education 4Ws, so partners were encouraged to reflect their activities in the 4Ws. During the meeting, organizations explained the challenges they face in implementing education programs in camps. Among were lack of qualified teachers, problems with camps managers, lack of parent’s awareness, poverty ...etc. and it was agreed that CCCM and Education cluster coordinators will meet again and follow up on this matter and will update partners.

4

February 2017

IRC has conducted a training on how to use the ASER tool (Annual Status of Education Report) to Education cluster partners. This tool is used to evaluate the child’s basics in Literacy and numeracy. ASER tool is simple and flexible, it can be conducted at the beginning of the first semester or during the academic year. The tool can be used by a trained team (PSS specialists, teachers, …) the teacher test head to head each student in presence of an observer. The student is supposed to answer several questions in a certain order in Math and Reading, then the teacher decides the level of the students based on set criteria. Levels range between 0 (no skills) to 4. The purpose of this tool is to better plan education programs based on need, evaluate the quality of education to see the impact of education projects. It’s noteworthy that ASER

tool is not used to evaluate teachers. It can be used to issue reports for fundraising and advocacy.

People in Need organization conducted a PSS training to cluster members. The training covered the following points: Understanding children needs, defining PSS, identifying the role of a facilitator, identifying distress signs and how to deal with them, how to change a recreational activity to a PSS activity.

The Education Directorate of Aleppo and the Education Directorate of Idleb, invited to two conferences in each location, the conferences were organized by People in Need, Syria Relief Network and Taalum initiative. The conferences were attended by both Directors, representatives from the EDs, local councils, Education assemblies, representatives

of national and international organizations. DFID spoke about difficulties facing the education process and their willing to continue their support. Directors presented the administrative structure which is as follows: Education Directorate, Deputy, Assemblies supervisors, heads of departments. The presentation included the recruitment mechanism. then it was followed by group discussions about: EDs current structure, EDs Transparency, Accountability and participation, the relation between EDs, Assemblies, Local councils and educational organizations, coordination between the EDs and organizations, curriculum and certificates. Finally, participants shared a list cross cutting issues to be discussed (raised) in future conferences.

5

February 2017

Deir-ez-ZorThe area of Deir-ez-Zor under GoS control has been besieged by ISIL since July 2014, depriving up to 93,500 people from regular access to food and medicines. WFP has completed more than 177 airdrops over Deirez-Zor since April 2016. The humanitarian airdrops had previously been collected by SARC staff who were also in charge of the distribution of the collected items. Since 15 January, an ISIL offensive on the government-controlled parts of Deir-ez-Zor has led to the besieged enclave being cut in two, with the airport and two eastern neighborhoods (Harabesh and Alrasafa) populated by an estimated 1,250 families cut from the western neighborhoods, where the bulk of the city’s population live. WFP airdrops into Deir-ez-Zor could not take place

since 15 January, as the drop-zone is now under ISIL control. As airdrops require a large and completely safe drop zone area where cargo is released and collected by a team on the ground for delivery, airdrops will have to remain on hold until the security situation improves, or a viable alternative drop-zone is identified. WFP is currently in the process of Syrian Arab Republic: Deir-ez-Zor Flash Update No. 1 20 January 2017 identifying a new drop-off zone in the north of Deir-ez-Zor city and hopes that airdrops can resume by 26 January. SARC temporarily suspended all distributions of humanitarian assistance on 17 January due to mortar shells hitting areas in proximity of the distribution point, although operations resumed on 19 January.

Inside Deir-ez-Zor city generators are the only

source of electricity, however, fuel is scarce and therefore generators are only being used to supply civilian infrastructure with electricity, such as hospitals and bakeries. Water had previously been pumped to Deir-ez-Zor once per week, however, this practice is likely to be affected by the lack of fuel.

In the two eastern neighborhoods cut-off from the rest of the city, there is one functional bakery that can technically cover the needs of the estimated 1,200 families (6,000 people) living there. However, the area risks running out of fuel and wheat flour. There are more than 30 injured people in need of urgent medical care inside Harabesh and Alrasafa neighborhoods who cannot access the medical care they require inside besieged east Deir-ez-Zor .

The Humanitarian Situationin the Syrian Governorates

6

February 2017

JarablusBasic needs in Jarablus are still unmet – food is increasingly seen as the top priority, with water and NFIs following. Water is reportedly available in 60 - 70% of the town and one bakery functioning. Three school are open, however, there are numerous barriers to education including limited teachers/lack of salaries for teachers, high psychosocial distress amongst children and caregivers, child labor and broadly disruption of education because of ISIS. Commercial transport of goods is working through Karkamish gate. One hospital and two clinics reported as functional. Ethnic tensions reported due to the mix of Turkmen, Arab and Kurdish population in the town. Militias not as visible as before but still present. Rental prices are high in the town – reports of many IDP families sharing houses. Many adolescent boys and men joining FSA as means of earning and income/livelihood. Explosive hazards continue to be a significant concern with 24 out of the 27 communities reporting contamination of access roads, dams, canals, industrial sites and private property.

Aleppo cityDuring field visits conducted by UNICEF partners, a significant percentage of households dependent on women and/or children have been observed. Many of the women interviewed are now without adult male relatives for reasons including death, family separation, abandonment, and, in some cases, reported detention. Many of the children, especially adolescents, had not enrolled yet in re-opened schools. Instead, they were found collecting water or queuing for fuel and hot meal distributions; many of them provide for or assist in meeting their families’ basic needs.UNICEF and partners have also identified 305 separated and unaccompanied children (UASC) since the onset of the east Aleppo crisis, in late November 2016. A total of 17 unaccompanied children were provided with emergency residential care. In the absence of a coordinated tracing system in Syria, with ad hoc efforts from UNICEF and partners, eight

children placed in residential care have been reunified with their parents. Child Protection Units, created to coordinate the work of public services (DOSAL) and NGOs, have assigned case managers (social workers) to 150 UASC who have assessed the social needs of children and are developing individual care plans

Dar’a, Quneitra and Rural Damascus IRC has issued a community protection monitoring report demonstrating trends on protection issues in southern Syria. In this report, Child labor was identified as the most prevalent child protection concern with representatives stating that poverty is the major cause of this. Physical neglect of children was also raised as a concern, with respondents attributing this too a lack of medical services, including vaccination services and pediatricians. Respondents highlighted that child recruitment is a concern stating that the lack of educational opportunities places children at risk of joining

armed groups. Exploitation of children was identified as a concern by 11% of respondents, referring to children being paid very little for long hours of work. Respondents stated that children are also involved in illicit drug use, attributing this to a lack of parental supervision and the wide availability of drugs within communities.Theft and criminal activity is reported as the most concerning security threat in the villages in Eastern Dar’a, particularly by key informants in the villages of Simej and Smaqiyat, near the Jordanian border. Hijeh and Ein Eltineh villages, mid-east of Quneitra governorate, also reported theft and criminal activity as their primary

security concern. Targeted killing was reported as a concern in the villages of Quneitra; Bir Ajam, Rafid and Esheh village. Jileen informal settlement representatives stated that highway robberies was the greatest security concern within their region. Kom Elbasha village representatives identified kidnapping and/or disappearance as their major security concern while the villages of Sweisa and Hara, in Quneitra governorate, identified that they are concerned about abuse and harassment within their community. Discrimination between host community members and the IDP population were identified by Hara village, Quneitra governorate.

7

February 2017

# of people754,000

Food Baskets(in-kind, cash, voucher)

# of NGOs17

# of people42,517

Backyard kits# of NGOs

1

# of people39,000

RTES and Cooked Meals (EFRs)

# of NGOs2

# of people5,160

Trainings# of NGOs

2

# of people598,000

Bread and Wheat flour distribution

# of NGOs7

# of people3,450

Animal distribution# of NGOs

2

# of people50,691

MFIs and Supplementary FBs

# of NGOs2

# of people24,000

Provision of services# of NGOs

1

# of people131,212

Agricultural inputs# of NGOs

12

# of people26,500

Rehabilitation of infrastructure# of NGOs

2

In December 15, FSL Cluster partners started to respond to the displacements with food aid support: cooked meals, RTERs, food baskets and bread.• On 23rd of December the

displacements from Aleppo City were reported to be completed 36.086 people were registered in Rural Aleppo and Idleb (CCCM)

• 18 Cluster members are

implementing and have stocked items for IDPs.

• 11 members implemented RTERs.

• 7 members for cooked meals support.

• 3 members reported Bread support.

• 2 members supported with mixed items (canned food, biscuits, etc...)

It was noted that partners started

distribution of dry food basket in late December after IDPs started settling. Simultaneously, numbers of RTERs has gone down. The Food Security cluster recommended that at early stages of response due to unavailability of cooking utensils with IDPs and difficulties for immediate provision of FSL related NFIs until the IDPs settle in their final destination.

The response of FSL cluster was nearly within the usual average of reached beneficiaries that is nearly 1,000,000 people of food baskets distribution, food vouchers and cash assistance. The following table presents the response’s figures of December:

December Response

Food security sector responseto Aleppo displacement

8

February 2017

February Forcast Responce

Assistance by Governorate

# of people946,688

Food Baskets(in-kind, cash, voucher)

# of NGOs11

# of people44,052

Backyard kits# of NGOs

1

# of people25,500

RTES and Cooked Meals (EFRs)

# of NGOs2

# of people2,242

Trainings# of NGOs

2

# of people765,247

Bread and Wheat flour distribution

# of NGOs6

# of people3,300

Animal distribution# of NGOs

1

# of people24,000

Provision of services# of NGOs

1

# of people45,782

Agricultural inputs# of NGOs

7

# of people26,840

Rehabilitation of infrastructure# of NGOs

2

Food Baskets (in-kind,

cash, voucher)

220,120beneficiaries

523,441beneficiaries

523,441beneficiaries

Bread and

Wheat flour

distribution

272,056beneficiaries

326,408beneficiaries

326,408beneficiaries

RTES and

Cooked Meals (EFRs)

15,104beneficiaries

23,000beneficiaries

23,000beneficiaries

MFIs and Supple- mentary

FBs

7,705beneficiaries

35,986beneficiaries

35,986beneficiaries

AleppoIdlebFood BasketsFood

Baskets (in-kind,

cash, voucher)

Food Baskets (in-kind,

cash, voucher)

Bread and

Wheat flour

distribution

Bread and

Wheat flour

distribution

RTES and

Cooked Meals (EFRs)

RTES and

Cooked Meals (EFRs)

MFIs and Supple- mentary

FBs

MFIs and Supple- mentary

FBs

9

February 2017

Highlights

Heal thSectore2016

• First mortality survey was conducted in northern Syria providing qualitative evidence of war-related trauma as main cause of death.

• Monitoring of attacks on health care has revealed that 136 health facilities were attacked in 2016. Hospital infrastructures were the most affected by these attacks. Collectively, the attacks resulted in killing of 31 health care workers.

• Humanitarian Funding (HF) supported 34 health facilities (14 hospitals and 20 primary centers) and 2.3 million people. In total, HPF supports 17 projects

Public Health Risks, Priorities, Needs and

GapsTrauma: New war-related 25,742 trauma cases were recorded and treated in November 2016.

Communicable diseases: Due to the unpredicted worsening of the weather conditions newly arrived IDPs who are now residing in western rural Aleppo are suffering from cold exposure and hypothermia. Incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) observed among the affected population is within the seasonal baseline, and mechanisms for more comprehensive SARI

surveillance in northern Syria are being developed and to be established by February 2017.

Availability of health care services (HeRAMS): Lack of functional health care facilities is the main reason for the low availability of services for the affected population, thus emphasizing the need in rehabilitation for the sustainable provision of care for the affected population.

Analysis of health service availability shows big shortage of primary health care services, especially in Aleppo governorate.

The Cluster partners representing Turkey hub are present in 10 governorates, 45 districts, 99 sub-districts, and 275 communities in northern Syria providing support to 350 health care facilities, including 56 mobile clinics.

Health cluster coordination

Health Cluster conducted five coordination meetings. Among issues discussed were the attacks on healthcare, cluster actions in east Aleppo city, Al-Bab and Al-Raqqa, best practices and

lesson learnt from the east Aleppo city evacuation were discussed.

Five Health Cluster sub-groups developed and standardized minimum activities packages and protocols for reproductive health and implemented essential package for primary healthcare, built capacity by engaging training and technical support in Mental Health, trauma and NCDs.

Assessments and Information

Rapid Health assessment

was conducted by the Cluster partners in Azaz district, revealing high incidence of respiratory infection, pregnancy-related conditions and acute malnutrition.

Cluster has established a task force to support the mapping of community health care services, in order to identify available services, gaps and challenges. Mapping and prioritization for 280 health facilities is also being conducted in preparations for implementation of essential health service package.

Health Cluster Action

10

February 2017

HEALTH CLUSTER

INTERAGENCY EMERGENCYHEALTH KITS BASIC

FUNCTIONAL PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES (FIXED)

CONSULTATIONS

CHILDREN UNDER 5VACCINATED OUTBREAKS CONFIRMED

INTERAGENCY EMERGENCYHEALTH KITS SUPPLEMENTARY

FUNCTIONAL HOSPITALS

TRAUMA CASES

TRAUMA KITS

MOBILE CLINICS

ASSISTEDDELIVERIES

REFERRALS

58PARTNERS

124

166777,504

451,336 0

14

9225,742

11

629,88910,679

MEDICINES DELIVERED

FUNCTIONALHEALTH FACILITIES

HEALTH SERVICES

VACCINATION DISEASESURVEILLANCE

Support to health service delivery

The security situation in northern Syria deteriorated hence it affected the reach of the vaccination teams to populated areas at different districts. 346,468 children were vaccinated during November campaign in Idleb, Hama, Afrin, Homs, and Jarablus. 104, 868 children were vaccinated during December 2016.

Health Cluster delivered 623 new mental health consultations in November 2016. Also, 3,529 people living with disabilities were provided with rehabilitation services.

Capacity building and Restoration of Disrupted ServicesThe package of essential health services was presented to local health authorities in Idleb and Hama, to engage them in the implementation of the package.A one-day workshop was carried out among the Health Cluster NCD Technical Working Group members on how to help improve the collaboration and partnership among the doctors, nurse and Community Health Workers (CHW) in the implementation of the PEN (Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease) Intervention in the focused PHCs. This was done to hasten the implementation of PEN, both in preventive and

curative care.Clinical supervision and support by the 4 Syrian clinical supervisors for the 65 mhGAP-trained doctors are ongoing. One of the clinical supervisors was able to provide field visit to assess the works being done by mhGAP-trained doctors in Azaz area, close to Bab Al-Salama. 20 candidates completed the pre-hospital training on trauma and injury care, addressing doctors, nurses, ambulance teams and civil defence rescuers. It included several sessions on life-saving interventions, international trauma cases and life support practices, chemical weapons medical management, disaster response planning and radio communications.

11

February 2017

the escalation of fighting in Al-Bab is mostly the reason for displacsement

IDPsRegistered in Aleppo5208

Displaced fromAl-Bab

Displaced from othergovernaret

Displaced fromTadef

Displaced from othervillages

925990 3742919

Displacement in governorate of Aleppo

Displacement in governorate of Al-Raqqa

Displacement in governorate of Idleb

IDP Departures Moved mostly to Izaz and Soran

7459IDPHigh number of newly arrived IDPs have been

recorded in Aleppo, between 16 - 22 Jan 2017

last week of the month of January 2017

IDPs within AleppoMostly towards Izaz and Manbej

4049Person

left villages ofIdlib considering it as a

transit point in northern Syria

1332Person

arrived from other governorates501PersonMost areas that have received displaced within

the last week Of the month of January 2017

KrumSalamaMarrinMenbij CityLittle Osajli

960900420336319

Most of them concentrated in Al-Dana and Ihsm In the countryside of Idlib

Most areas that have received displaced within the last week Of the month of January 2017

Yarobiyeh HamratBalasim

AminEin IssaHammam At-turkman

6050211717 IDPsRegistered in Aleppo 5208

Mostly from Aleppo & Damascus & Al-Raqqa

1310Person

the escalation of fighting is the displacement reason

Displacement in northern SyriaThe CCCM Cluster has started sharing the IDP Situation Monitoring Initiative (ISMI) Reports among the humanitarian community; The IDP Situation Monitoring Initiative(ISMI) is an initiative of the Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Cluster, implemented by REACH with the support of Syria Relief Network (SRN)

and cluster members.Following a baseline assessment conducted between 23 October and 21 November 2016, weekly data collection cycles have been initiated to provide regular updates on IDP movements. Based on 1,183 communities assessed in the governorates of Aleppo, Ar-Raqqa, Deir-ez-Zor, Hama, Homs and

Idleb during the baseline, this factsheet presents a summary of reported inward and outward movements of IDPs in the 7 days preceding data collection. These reports was produced in the context of the IDP Situation Monitoring Initiative (ISMI), a project led by the CCCM Cluster.

BaraDanaIdleb City

Burj ElnumraKelly

450192174

105105

Most areas that have received displaced within the last week Of

the month of January 2017

12

February 2017

13

February 2017

Water Infrastructure SurveyUNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF URBAN WATER SYSTEMS

Executive Summary The complexity of the water systems in Syria resulting from its urban nature, the intricate relationship between its different components aimed at delivering services, and the difficulty faced in defining the status of these systems, either to define priorities or to measure the impact of associated humanitarian aid, necessitated this work. The WASH cluster members of the Turkey hub, led by UNICEF, decided to pursue a suitable

methodology that could help demystify this complexity through the systemization of this intricacy. Numerical models were identified as best suited for this purpose. A total number of 19 cluster partners contributed to this work. Thirty engineers and technicians attended 3 workshops to finalize and agree on methodology details, including questionnaire forms (3) and training/instructions manuals (3) for enumerators. The Well/Spring Station form,

the Water Treatment Station form and the Boosting Station form collect each 74, 94 and 54 pieces of data/information respectively. Enumerators collected information from 988 facilities that were accessible during the survey. The field work was undertaken during March and April 2016. Initial findings clearly define problems the sector faces especially those related to the dysfunctional electricity sector and the shortage/weakness of all sustainability components.

What are Indicators and Composite Indicators? A functional urban water supply system requires a harmonious interaction between its 4 main cornerstones. The first is the infrastructure, the second is the recurrent set of operations and maintenance (O&M) activities and required spares and materials including consumables, the third is its human resources; a variety of skilled and experienced personnel including managers, planners, engineers, technicians, operators, and the fourth is the cash/financial resources required to support the O&M activities including the procurement of materials and local services.For example in a Well Pumping Station, a “water storage tank” is one component of several components; such as the submersible pumps, the borehole and casing, the central control panel, etc. that constitute the station’s Infrastructure. The operational efficiency (or performance level) of each component is represented by an indicator that is measured on a scale of 1 to 10 defining how low (1) or high (10) the efficiency of that component is. For a more holistic understanding of how efficient the entire station’s infrastructure is, a composite indicator is formed of all the individual indicators to represent “Infrastructure efficiency”.

Objectives 1. Develop a model of

parameters and indicators that adequately defines the status of the modern and complex water systems in Syria, outlining the performance/efficiency levels, the design/configuration dependability of the infrastructure, the dependability of the recurrent O&M activities as well as the cadre that manages and operates these systems.

2. Simulate the parameters and indicators through numerical models, projecting a set of composite indicators defining the Adequacy, Efficiency and Dependability aspects of the water systems at large.

3. Collect data from locations accessible to the Turkey hub and process through a database to produce the relevant indicators.

4. Use the database as a platform for measuring

the impact resulting from any intervention to repair and/or rehabilitate the water systems by sector stakeholders and correlating financial inputs to efficiency, dependability and adequacy improvements.

5. Use the database, to pursue a systematic approach to planning, prioritization and resource allocation for reconstruction and/or development works.

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February 2017

Governorate

Maximum Production Capacity(m³/day)

Number of Water Systems

Average Efficiency

Chlorination Efficiency

Number of Water Station

with No Chlorination

Systems with no

Chlorination Infrastructure

Aleppo 129,683 187 60% 21% 20 7% Al-Hasakeh 131,000 300 67% 37% 106 19% Ar-Raqqa 503,240 83 72% 69% 3 14% Dar'a 154,140 12 74% 65% 2 2% Deir-ez-Zor 289,560 72 31% 6% 0 0% Hama 68,025 46 52% 7% 0 0% Homs 24,652 33 58% 70% 6 4% Idleb 323,231 175 62% 30% 14 10% Quneitra 8,690 7 60% 4% 6 83% Rural Damascus 1,270 11 68% 58% 0 0%

Budget Allocation

($)

Level of Need

# of systems

factor

O&M factor

Infrastructure factor

O&M Dependency

Number of water stations

Infrastructure efficiency

Survey BeneGovernorate

5,065,11862%9%24%29%42%18760%448,956Aleppo

10,569,81770%15%31%24%25%30067%830,135Al-Hasakeh

4,053,82844%4%20%20%53%8372%510,264Ar-Raqqa

5,017,25347%1%28%19%34%1274%582,813Dar'a

15,727,10289%4%35%50%17%7231%978,380Deir-ez- Zor

1,498,27466%2%29%35%32%4652%125,940Hama

1,334,81256%2%24%30%43%3358%131,241Homs

12,178,75854%9%18%28%58%17562%1,243,237Idleb

387,75561%0%32%29%25%760%35,288Quneitra

4,167,28249%1%25%23%40%1168%471,793Rural Damascus

60,000,00092660%5,358,047Grand Total

Results Based on accessibility, a total number of 988 water station facilities were surveyed in 10 governorates though with different intensities. For example, while 303 facilities were surveyed in Al-Hasakeh (73% coverage), 72 facilities in Deir-ez-Zor (88%) and 88 facilities in Ar-Raqqa (100% coverage), only 7 were surveyed in Quneitra.

Water Infrastructure Efficiency

Resource allocation

15

February 2017

NFI Sector Update

Earlier this year, the Whole of Syria (WoS) Shelter Non Food Item Sector has adjusted the monthly reporting tool the 4Ws table with many additional columns, these columns will help on identifying the gaps of the response to the Syria Crisis in addition for strategic planning.The tool has been divided into 3 sections• 4Ws completed activities:

The response monthly reporting tool is intended to give an overview on the completed NFI activities and ongoing and completed Shelter activities (at community level). The deadline for the submission is 7th each month

• Stocks Status: In case of emergency, enables quick and efficient mobilization of items. The deadline for the submission is 25th each month

• Monthly Planning: The monthly planning tool is primarily intended to avoid overlap of operations within and between different hubs and facilitate geographic gap analysis. It captures the same information as 4Ws but only for Planned activities (at community level). The deadline for the submission is 25th each month.

The additional specifications were added areBeneficiary Calculation: basically, the sector has announced during a training that has been done early

Feb/2017 on the reporting that a new mechanism will be adopted on calculating the number of beneficiaries, 3 groups of items the Ngo should commit to. for instance if a NGO distributed a non-seasonal solely blanket for vulnerable people, that will not be considered as a real beneficiary since the need is still exist for that beneficiary and not entirely covered. It recommended that the NGO should distribute several items as the Cluster announced and it depends on these 3 groups. Fuel distribution beneficiaries are considered a real beneficiary even no items were provided in addition.Shipment Crossing Border: this is requested as well to understand how the assistance reached the field, is it through Bab-Alhawa CB or Bab-Alsalameh CB or from inside Syria and etc. This will help for future planning.Kits: All mentioned activity items in the table under ‹Kit› are actully must be the same as the Guidance note for S/NFI produced by the Cluster, i.e when a NGO reports a kit, that indicate that they distributed the same kit mentioned in the guidance note with the same specifications, Items and number of items. Small changes in the kit (E.g.: change the number of Mattresses) will led to ask the NGO to report as single items, not as kit.In addition to several activities added to the Distributed Items section.

16

February 2017

The international community is monitoring the situation in Ar-raqqa since the Syrian Democratic Forces the (SDF) vowed the launch of the next phase of the offensive on Ar-raqqa City. Many IDP movements were recorded within and outward the governorate due to the conflict escalation in some areas. Until now, no huge displacement occurred, but it is expected to happen in the

next weeksThe Shelter / Non-food Item sector has set a plan for the response in case of huge displacement from the governorate based on scenarios built by the ICCG.The plan identify the gaps and the Cluster member›s capacity in order to respond to the new arrivals of IDPs. All X-border - turkey hub NGOs who have access / operation in these locations for S/NFI

activities are participating for the readiness plan. This will help for the advocacy for requested secured fund and guide the humanitarian efforts to respond. 5.8 Million USD is gap at the moment and where the cluster strive to communicating with the key donors to fill out these gaps as well as NGOs to ensure continuous coordination.

Ar-Raqqa Contingency planning

17

February 2017

Platform Activity places distribution

SCP activities for January 2017

Capacity building for local NGO members

Two-way shared reportsNorthan Activities

an executive tool to strengthen the field coordination of humanitarian activities, and sharing informations with all humanitarian active organizations and stakeholders, to achieve a better response by offering all humanitarian tools and contributing in information flow.

Aleppo - Idlib - Hama - Homs - Hasakah Rural Damascus - Damascus - Dar´a - Al Qunaytirah

Education SectorProtection Sector

WASH SectorNFI Sector

CCCM SectorHealth Sector

FSL SectorNutrition Sector

Stectors

• Need assessments training for NGOs was hold in Turkey Office in corporation with SECDO with 25 participants (07/ 01/ 2017)

• SPHERE Course was hold in Turkey Office with 29

participants (15/ 01/ 2017)• In capacity building field,

coordinate a partnership meeting between Maram foundation and SRO

• (Coordination in humanitarian work) course was held in

rural of Idleb Office with 8 participants (21/ 01/ 2017)

• (Coordination in humanitarian work) course was held in rural of Idleb Office with 6 participants (21/ 01/ 2017).

• Protection cluster was updated with information about Jarablus.

• An update about Alkhafseh) a main water source (was shared with WASH Cluster.

• Three alerts were submitted about attacking Medical

facilities.• Guidebook for Education

Personnel part 1 schools and Communities approved by Education cluster was shared with NGOs.

• Collective Centre Guidelines issued by CCCM cluster was

shared with NGOs.• Displacement report issued

by CCCM cluster was shared with NGOs.

• HNO document issued by WoS was shared with NGOs.

18

February 2017

Southan Activities

Assessments

Emergency plan IDPs Tracking

Meetings

• Prices assessments in rural of Aleppo, Idleb, Ma’ret Al Nu’man and wadi barda , the assessments were shared with NFI & FSL Cluster.

• Need Assessment about training courses

was submitted by more than 40 organizations in the aim of scheduled 2017 SCP Training courses.

• Water Systems assessment in Atareb district was done in cooperation with WASH cluster.

By coordination with local actors, and authorities the Syrian Coordination Platform project officially launched, with two meetings in Dara’a and Rural Damascus, attended by more than 150 persons representing over 111 humanitarian agencies both local and International. In these meetings, SRN and SCP had been identified, structure, goals, and activities which focus on capacity building courses for SNGOs

and CLSs, and coordination meetings for all humanitarian sectors in south to recognize needs and sharing data between local actors and UNOCHA - JordanAnd the launching meetings included a capacity building workshops about the coordination in humanitarian field, and the main concept of the relief works and to confirm that it is a right for affected people in crisis time to get all humanitarian services to keep

them alive with dignity. Before the workshops, a training need assessments had been conducted for every humanitarian local actor, to design an improved training programs to meet these needs.The next step was a questionnaire for the local councils and the active NGOs in southern Syria to recognize needs and analyze them to get numeric exact results about the humanitarian field

Participated and cooperated with local councils in Idlib and Aleppo countryside about field Emergency Coordination Operations for newly displaced people from Wadi Barada.

IDPs Tracking carried out in both of Daret-Azza & Idleb, as a part of coordination between SRN/SCP and ACTED/REACH, furthermore, these reports were shared with REACH / CCCM Cluster.

• FSL & NFI Meeting was held in Idleb Office with 9 participants (24/ 01/ 2017).

• EDU&PRO Meeting was held in rural of Aleppo Office with 4 participants (25/ 01/ 2017).

• WASH Meeting was held in Idleb Office with 7 participants (28/ 01/ 2017).

• WASH & NFI Meeting was held in rural of Aleppo Office with 6 participants (28/ 01/ 2017).

• Emergency Meeting was hold in Idleb Office with two participants then there were many coordination visits to

organizations in the area aiming to coordinate the response for newly displaced people from Wadi Barda.

• A meeting was hold with Health cluster leader to discuss cluster Strategic plan 2017 and Jarablus Rapid Need Assessment (RNA) (25/ 01/ 2017).

• A meeting was hold with Early Recovery Cluster leader to discuss cluster Strategic plan 2017 and Jarablus Rapid Need Assessment (RNA) (9/ 01/ 2017).

• A meeting was hold with WoS sector leader to setting the core functions in WoS. (09/ 01/ 2017).

• ICCG meeting was attended. (10/ 01/ 2017).

• A meeting was hold with Damascus UN Habitat to discuss their Strategic plan 2017 (10/ 01/ 2017).

• HLG meeting was attended. (12/ 01/ 2017).

• A meeting was hold with King Salman Center representative about their relief.

19

February 2017

All parties to an armed conflict – whether States or organized non-State armed groups – are bound by treaty and customary rules of IHL. Rules of customary IHL apply at all times to all parties, irrespective of their ratification of IHL treaties.

States and their obligations Only States may become parties to international treaties such as the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. As of November 2013, 195 States were party to the Geneva

Conventions. The fact that the Conventions are all but universally ratified testifies to their importance. As of March 2014, 173 States were party to Additional Protocol I, 167 to Additional Protocol II and 66 to Additional Protocol III.

Organized non-State armed groups and their obligationsOrganized non-State armed groups are bound – as parties to non-international armed conflict – by common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II. provided that the State to which they belong is party

to the treaties in question. In any case, they are also bound by customary IHL rules pertaining to non-international armed conflicts.

National liberation movementsNational liberation movements fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist régimes in the exercise of the right of self-determination of the peoples they represent may undertake to apply the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I.

The multifaceted nature of peace operations and the ever more difficult and violent environments in which their personnel operate make it more likely that multinational forces conducting such operations will become involved in the use of force. In such situations, the question of IHL applicability becomes very pertinent.

The issue of IHL applicability to multinational forces has been disregarded for a long time. It has often been contended that United Nations forces cannot be party to an armed conflict, and therefore cannot be bound by IHL. It has also been affirmed

that multinational forces, which bear the stamp of international legitimacy, should be considered to be impartial, objective and neutral, because their only interest in any armed conflict is the restoration and preservation of international peace and security.

This view of the matter, however, dispenses with the longstanding distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. As with anyone else, the applicability of IHL to multinational forces must be determined solely on the basis of the facts, irrespective of the international mandate assigned to multinational forces by the Security Council

and of the designation given to the parties potentially opposed to them.

IHL will be applicable to multinational forces once they become party to an armed conflict, be it international or non-international. When multinational forces are fighting against State armed forces, the legal framework of reference will be IHL applicable to international armed conflict. When they are opposed by one or more organized non-State armed groups, the legal framework of reference will be IHL applicable to non-international armed conflict.

WHO IS BOUND BYIHL

Does IHL apply to peace operations carried out by or under the auspices of the United Nations?

20

February 2017

Peace operations are often divided into two categories: peacekeeping and peace-enforcement.The purpose of peacekeeping operations is to ensure respect for ceasefires and demarcation lines and to conclude troop withdrawal agreements. In the past few years, the scope of peacekeeping operations has been widened to cover other tasks, such as supervision of elections, forwarding of humanitarian relief, and provision of assistance in the process of national reconciliation. Members of peacekeeping forces are authorized to use force only for purposes of self-defence. Such operations take place with the consent of the parties concerned.Peace-enforcement operations, which come under Chapter VII of the

United Nations Charter, are carried out by United Nations forces or by States, groups of States or regional organizations, either at the invitation of the State concerned or with the authorization of the United Nations Security Council. These forces are given a combat mission and are authorized to use coercive measures for carrying out their mandate. The consent of the parties is not necessary.The distinction between these two types of operation has become less clear in recent years, since peace operations often carry out tasks that are typical of both peacekeeping and peace-enforcement operations. As a result, the more general terms ‘peace support operations’ and ‘peace operations’ are being used more frequently now.

States have a legal obligation to spread knowledge of the Conventions and their Additional Protocols:

“The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programs of military and, if possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof

may become known to the entire population, in particular to the armed fighting forces, the medical personnel and the chaplains.” (Articles 47 and 48 of the First and Second Geneva Conventions respectively. See also Articles 127 and 144 of the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions respectively.)

“The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of armed conflict, to disseminate

the Conventions and this Protocol as widely as possible in their respective countries and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programs of military instruction and to encourage the study thereof by the civilian population, so that those instruments may become known to the armed forces and to the civilian population.” (Article 83 of Additional Protocol I.)

PEACEKEEPING AND PEACE-ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS

WHOSE DUTY IS IT TO SPREAD KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS?

21

February 2017

is an Umbrella of more than �� Syrian NGOs established to coordinate and engage in all humanitarian aspects rela�ng to the Syrian Crisis.

Towards a coherent and influen�al Syrian civil society.Vision

Empowering civil society organiza�ons through promo�ng and suppor�ng effec�ve coordina�on, partnerships, and advoca�ng for the humanitarian issue to achieve sustainable and leading society.

Mission

�. Coordina�ng between all humanitarian actors.�. Establishing partnerships between SRN organiza�ons and other humanitarian actors.�. Joint planning for emergency response.�. Advoca�ng for humanitarian issues in Syria.�. Assessing needs for the humanitarian sectors�. Represen�ng civil society organiza�ons in the interna�onal conferences and the decision-making centers.�. Capacity building for member organiza�ons.�. Monitoring and evalua�on as a third party for humanitarian ac�vi�es.

Objec�ves

SRN coordina�on network is working to achieve its objec�ves by:�. Establishing coordina�on pla�orms in all Syrian governorates in order to:transfer humanitarian knowledge to local humanitarian actors, build theircapacity inside Syria, advocate for their views, ensure their par�cipa�on inplanning and designing strategies, strengthening coopera�on, coordina�onand trust building.�. Providing M&E support as a third party.�. Par�cipa�ng in advocacy and trust building with interna�onal NGOs and UNagencies.�. Strengthening joint opera�ons between local NGOs by coordina�on theireffort in emergencies, and by partnership building to fill exis�ng gaps.�. Building administra�ve structures for humanitarian work in Syria throughknowledge transfer and collabora�on with interna�onal NGOs, UN agencies,and other coordina�on groups.

Work

CoordinationPartnerships

AdvocacyEmergency Response

Assessments

RepresentingCapacityBuilding

M&E

Objectives

Field of Work

HealthSector

CCCMSector

WASHSector

FSLSector

NFISector

EducationSector

ProtectionSector

is an Umbrella of more than �� Syrian NGOs established to coordinate and engage in all humanitarian aspects rela�ng to the Syrian Crisis.

Towards a coherent and influen�al Syrian civil society.Vision

Empowering civil society organiza�ons through promo�ng and suppor�ng effec�ve coordina�on, partnerships, and advoca�ng for the humanitarian issue to achieve sustainable and leading society.

Mission

�. Coordina�ng between all humanitarian actors.�. Establishing partnerships between SRN organiza�ons and other humanitarian actors.�. Joint planning for emergency response.�. Advoca�ng for humanitarian issues in Syria.�. Assessing needs for the humanitarian sectors�. Represen�ng civil society organiza�ons in the interna�onal conferences and the decision-making centers.�. Capacity building for member organiza�ons.�. Monitoring and evalua�on as a third party for humanitarian ac�vi�es.

Objec�ves

SRN coordina�on network is working to achieve its objec�ves by:�. Establishing coordina�on pla�orms in all Syrian governorates in order to:transfer humanitarian knowledge to local humanitarian actors, build theircapacity inside Syria, advocate for their views, ensure their par�cipa�on inplanning and designing strategies, strengthening coopera�on, coordina�onand trust building.�. Providing M&E support as a third party.�. Par�cipa�ng in advocacy and trust building with interna�onal NGOs and UNagencies.�. Strengthening joint opera�ons between local NGOs by coordina�on theireffort in emergencies, and by partnership building to fill exis�ng gaps.�. Building administra�ve structures for humanitarian work in Syria throughknowledge transfer and collabora�on with interna�onal NGOs, UN agencies,and other coordina�on groups.

Work