issn 0976 – 6545(print) ijeet - iaeme...wind 13-20 m/sec , the system behaviour are analyzed in...

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –

6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- September (2012), © IAEME

123

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF WIND POWER PLANTS –

FRAMED WITH SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR AS

WELL AS D.F.I.G. AND A COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE STUDY

THEREOF IN PSCAD/EMTDC ENVIRONMENT

Sujit Datta, Tanushree Deb Champa Nandi A.K. Chakraborty M.Tech 4th Semester Student Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of EE Department of EE Department of EE Tripura University Tripura University NIT, Agartala

Email: datta_sujit2003@ Email: champanandi@ Email: akcalll@

Yahoo.com Yahoo.com Yahoo.co.in Mobile: 09402155240 Mobile: 09436502334

ABSTRACT This thesis investigates on the modelling and simulation of wind power plants in a grid connected system. A wind power plant which is comprised of five wind turbines are connected with self-excited as well as doubly fed induction generator separately and total system is framed with Multimass Torsional Shaft Interface. In both cases, 50% of system power are connected via through AC/DC/AC power converter to utility grid bus and rest of the power are connected directly to the grid. The device 6-pulse bridge converter performs as a rectifier which is connected to a HVDC link and a 6-bridge inverter is connected to another side of the HVDC link. This multi level inverter convert DC power into ac power at desired output and frequency irrespective of load demands with maintaining suitable voltage stability through an inverting transformer. The rectifier and L-limiting reactor are utilized to maintain constant DC link current. The average power is converted partially by the inverter which working as CSI mode, supply currents into the utility grid by regulating the DC link voltage. With only power converters composed of thyristors bridge in power conversion, the system can be scaled up to a very high voltage and high power applications. The total system voltage is maintained in excitation of generators with series-parallel capacitor banks separately. In both cases, the performance improvement of the system by the experiment choosing a 12 MVA,4-poles,3-phase,50 hz induction generator. The overall control system is implemented choosing parameters in varied capacity like variable as well as pitch controlling through control of firing angle of power converter and inverter to track the optimum

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)

ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online)

Volume 3, Issue 2, July – September (2012), pp. 123-139

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124

power curve of the wind turbine. Finally, a comparative study is made based on experimental result in order to validate performance of the proposed systems. This project is modelled and simulated with the help of PSCAD/EMTDC software.

KEYWORDS Wind power plant, 6-Pulse converter/inverter, Self-excited I.G., D.F.I.G., Firing angle, PSCAD/EMTDC

1. INTRODUCTION Modern wind turbine generator utilizes power electronics devices and drives for real and reactive power controls in wind power plants to have much better steady state and dynamic performance compared to wind power plants of the past. For reliability and cost effective reasons, it is very important to proper represent steady state and dynamic characteristics in large scale response of positive sequence simulations. In this research, the two basic WTG(wind turbine generator) configurations that are investigated currently in use :(1)Self-excited induction generator,(2)Doubly fed asynchronous generator, also known as Doubly fed induction generator. Wind energy is very promising and effective energy for present and future situations. One of the most significant problems to take up the arrangement for installation of wind turbines in modern wind power plants. It is well known that the power delivered by wind turbines directly coupled to grid is not constant as a result of wind variability. In absence of storage systems, a fluctuating power supply produced can lead to voltage variations in the grid and resulting of frequency flickering. Another disturbance of most induction machines utilized in the wind turbines is that the required reactive power varies with wind speed and time. These problems can make the use of double fed induction generators attractive for wind turbine applications. In this research works, a self-excited induction generator and a doubly fed induction generator are excited and simulated with same set of series-parallel capacitance banks and choosing other related parameters and finally a comparative performance study is made based on simulated experimental results in PSCAD/EMTDC software.[ 1,2,8,10]

2. SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR An induction motor works as a generator when sufficient amount of capacitance is connected across the machine terminals to sustain the excitation requirement while the rotor speed is maintained by some mechanical means. Self-excited induction generators are good member for generating wind electric power especially in remote areas as they do not need external power supply to produce the magnetic field. Permanent magnet generators may also be used for wind energy applications but they suffer from uncontrollable magnetic field, which decays over a period due to weakening of the magnets, and the generated voltage tends to fall steeply with load. The SEIG has a self-protection mechanism because the voltage collapses when there is a short circuit at its terminals. Further, the SEIGs have more advantages such as cost, reduced maintenance, rugged and simple construction, brush-less rotor



125

etc. [3, 4, 9, 12, 13]

Fig.1.Self-excited induction generator[4]

3. DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR DFIG means Double Fed Induction Generator is widely used in wind power sector. It is basically an induction generator with a multiphase wound rotor and a multiphase slip ring assembly with brushes for access to the rotor windings.

Fig.2. Power balance of the doubly-fed induction generator

The principle of the DFIG is that rotor windings are connected to the grid via slip rings and back to-back voltage source converter that controls both the rotor and the grid currents. Therefore rotor frequency can freely differ from the grid frequency. By controlling the rotor currents by the converter it is possible to adjust the active and reactive power fed to the grid from the stator independently of the generators turning speed. The control principle used is either the two-axis current vector control or direct torque control (DTC). DTC has turned out to have better stability than current vector control especially when high reactive currents are required from the Generator. The doubly-fed generator rotors are typically wound with from 2 to 3 times the number of turns of the stator. This means that the rotor voltages will be higher and currents respectively lower. Thus in the typical ± 30 % operational speed range around the synchronous speed the rated current of the converter is accordingly lower leading to a low cost of the converter. [5] Advantages of using induction generator over synchronous generator are: Firstly, as the rotor circuit is controlled by a power electronics converter, the induction generator is able to both import and export reactive power. This has important consequences for power system stability and allows the machine to support the grid during severe voltage disturbances. Secondly, the control of the rotor voltages and currents enables the induction machine to remain synchronized with the grid while the wind turbine speed varies. A variable speed wind turbine utilises the available wind resource more efficiently than a fixed speed wind turbine, especially during light wind conditions. Thirdly, the cost of the converter is low when compared with other variable speed solutions because only fraction of the



126

mechanical power, typically 25-30 %, is fed to the grid through the converter, the rest being fed to grid directly from the stator. The efficiency of the DFIG is very good for the same reason.[6,14]

4. SIX PULSE BRIDGE CONVERTER/INVERTER The output of the rotor power is feed to the grid through back to six pulse converters via common DC link. Machine side converter act as a six pulse rectifier and grid side converter acts as six pulse inverter during the machine working in super synchronous mode. Six pulse converter works in rectifying mode is used to convert the variable magnitude, variable frequency voltage at the induction generator rotor terminals to DC voltage. For smooth output DC voltage, limiting reactor is connected in the DC link. DC link reactor acts as stiff voltage/current source and it provides dc isolation between the two converters.[7,11]

5. SIMULATION AND DESCRIPTION This thesis deals with performance of the Self-excited as well as Doubly Fed Induction Generator type variable speed WT to fabricate the wind power plants. A specific configuration of this plant consist of 5(five) wind turbines is examined, corresponding to each WT of 2.40 MW. This paper is organized of three project models and simulation results for same set of operating parameters are finally provided and analyzed using the PSCAD/EMTDC code.

A) Simulation Diagram of project Model -1: When 50% of generated power is connected via through AC/DC/AC to grid and rest of power is connected directly to the grid is shown in Fig. 3. at 10° pitch angle and at variable speed of wind 13-20 mtr/second , the system behaviour are analyzed in result section. B) Simulation Diagram of project Model -2

When whole generated power is connected via through AC/DC/AC to utility grid directly is shown in Fig. 4 at 10° pitch angle and at variable speed of wind 13-20 mtr/second , the system behaviour are analyzed in result section. C) Simulation Diagram of project Model -3

When 50% of generated power of doubly fed induction generator is regulated by connecting via through AC/DC/AC to utility grid and rest of power is connected to

utility grid directly as shown in Fig 5 at 10° pitch angle and at variable speed of wind 13-20 m/sec , the system behaviour are analyzed in result section.

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976

6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, Jul

Fig.3. Wind power plant connected with selfgenerated power via through AC/DC/AC power converter to the power is connected directly to g

Fig.4.Wind power plant connected with selfwhole generated powerAC/DC/AC power converter.


6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- September (2012), © IAEME

127

PROJECT MODEL-1

Wind power plant connected with self-excited induction generator when 50% generated power via through AC/DC/AC power converter to utility grid and rest of

power is connected directly to grid.

PROJECT MODEL- 2 Wind power plant connected with self-excited induction g

whole generated power is transmitted to utility grid via regulating power converter.


September (2012), © IAEME

enerator when 50% tility grid and rest of

xcited induction generator when regulating through


6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, Jul

Fig.5. Wind power plant connected with doubly fed induction ggenerated power is regulated by AC/DC/AC power converter and resconnected to the grid or l

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe simulation results are presented for an indicative fast wind speed for 13 m/s to 20 m/s. The change demonstrates the action of the speed controller (maximum power tracking operation). The good response damping and absence of any over speed or overpower is apparent. The DC voltage is also maintained at its rated value.variations are shown various figures and concerned data speed time series, which includes intervals below and above the rated wind speed of the WT. The smoothing achieved in the electromagnetic torque and output power, compared to the input mechanical power of the turbine, is evident.reactive power balance during the whole operation interval is maintained successfully.


6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- September (2012), © IAEME

128

PROJECT MODEL-3

lant connected with doubly fed induction generator when 50% generated power is regulated by AC/DC/AC power converter and resconnected to the grid or load circuit directly.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The simulation results are presented for an indicative fast wind speed for 13 m/s to 20 m/s. The change demonstrates the action of the speed controller (maximum power tracking operation). The good response characteristics, with adequate damping and absence of any over speed or overpower is apparent. The DC voltage is also maintained at its rated value. The response in case of stochastic wind speed variations are shown various figures and concerned data tables using a1 to 2s wind speed time series, which includes intervals below and above the rated wind speed of the WT. The smoothing achieved in the electromagnetic torque and output power, compared to the input mechanical power of the turbine, is evident. reactive power balance during the whole operation interval is maintained


September (2012), © IAEME

enerator when 50% generated power is regulated by AC/DC/AC power converter and rest of power is

The simulation results are presented for an indicative fast wind speed for 13 m/s to 20 m/s. The change demonstrates the action of the speed controller (maximum

characteristics, with adequate damping and absence of any over speed or overpower is apparent. The DC voltage

The response in case of stochastic wind speed tables using a1 to 2s wind

speed time series, which includes intervals below and above the rated wind speed of the WT. The smoothing achieved in the electromagnetic torque and output power,

The active and reactive power balance during the whole operation interval is maintained



129

(A)Project model-1 Result analysis of wind power plants with self-excited induction generator: when 50% of Generated power of self-excited induction generator is connected via through AC/DC/AC power converter and rest of the power directly connected to

grid at � = 10°, wind speed,� = �13 − 20�m/s, torque of wind turbine, Tm=2.39 KN-m, series-parallel compensation bank, C2=150��, C1=40��:

Table-I.A. results with firing angle 0° for converter & 90° for inverter

Fig.6.various characteristics of wind power plant for firing angle is 0˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when 50% of generated power is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter and rest of power is connected directly to grid.

Pout = real power generation; Qout = reactive power generation Edc = HVDC Link voltage; Idc = HVDC Link current Vg = Grid voltage or Load voltage

Sl No

Variable Name

Generation in Maximum

1 Pout 7663.51KW

2 Qout 5079.05KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.04 KA 5 Vg 10.99 KV



130

Table-II.A: results with firing angle 15° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-III.A: results with firing angle 30° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-IV.A: results with firing angle 45° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-V.A: results with firing angle

60° for converter & 90° for inverter

Fig.7.various characteristics of wind power plants firing angle 60˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when 50% generated power is regulated through AC/DC/AC power converter and rest of the power is directly connected to grid in case self-excited induction generator.

Sl. No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7660.17 KW

2 Qout 5077.33 KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.04 KA 5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7658.77 KW

2 Qout 5076.41 KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.04 KA 5 Vg 10.23 KV

Sl. No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7657.77 KW

2 Qout 5026.41 KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV 4 Idc 3.04 KA

5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7658.77 KW

2 Qout 5076.41 KVAR 3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.04 KA

5 Vg 10.99 KV



131

Table-VI.A: results with firing angle 90° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-VII.A: results with firing angle 0° for converter & 105° for inverter

Table-VIII..A: results with firing angle 60° for converter & 165° for inverter

Table-IX..A: results with firing angle


It is observed from the above results that the direct connection of 50% of generated power by self-excited induction generator to grid bus or load circuit and rest of the power is regulated by power converter, no controlling over the power generation by the AC/DC/AC power converter. There is negligible changes of power dispatch in grid on varying the firing angle delay of power converter and inverter. Moreover, large amount of DC-link voltage and current is to handle for power regulation, power dispatch etc and this model may not be appropriated for real purposes. The voltage regulation is also not to be affective due to the same reasons.

(B) Project model-2 Result analysis of wind power plant with self-excited induction generator: when whole generated power is connected via through AC/DC/AC power converter to utility grid at � = 10°, wind speed,� = �13 − 20�m/s, torque of wind turbine, Tm=2.39 KN-m., series-parallel capacitance bank, C2=150 �� , C1=40 �� :

Table-I.B. results with firing angle 0° for converter & 90° for inverter

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7658.77 KW

2 Qout 5075.41KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.04 KA 5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7663.51 KW

2 Qout 5079.06 KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.02 KA 5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7665.77 KW

2 Qout 5076.41 KVAR 3 Edc 93.50 KV

4 Idc 3.02 KA

5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 7658.77 KW

2 Qout 5076.41KVAR

3 Edc 93.50 KV 4 Idc 3.04 KA

5 Vg 10.99 KV

Sl No Variable Name Generation in Maximum

1 Pout 10005.52 KW 2 Qout 6105.76 KVAR

3 Edc 31.51 KV

4 Idc 0.31 KA

5 Vg 10.93 KV



132

Fig.8 various characteristics for firing angle is 0˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when whole generated power is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter interfaced with directly to the utility grid in case self-excited induction generator Table-II.B. results with firing angle


Table-III.B. results with firing angle


Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11960.66 KW 2 Qout 5486.32 KVAR

3 Edc 29.97 KV

4 Idc 0.32 KA

5 Vg 10.87 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 9885.46 KW 2 Qout 6378.00KVAR

3 Edc 11.37 KV

4 Idc 0.27 KA

5 Vg 10.87 KV



133

Table-IV.B. results with firing angle 45° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-V.B. results with firing angle 60° for converter & 90° for inverter

Fig.9.various characteristics for firing angle is 60˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when whole generated power is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter interfaced with directly in case self-excited induction generator

Table-VI.B. results with firing angle 90° for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-VII.B. results with firing angle 0° for converter & 105° for inverter

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11488.95 KW

2 Qout 8219.59KVAR

3 Edc 12.05 KV

4 Idc 0.31KA 5 Vg 10.87 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11,990.63 KW

2 Qout 7151.36 VAR

3 Edc 23.60 KV

4 Idc 0.31 KA 5 Vg 11.99 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11,970.82KW

2 Qout 7704.34 KVAR

3 Edc 24.61KV

4 Idc 0.32 KA

5 Vg 10.87 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 8532.57 KW

2 Qout 5892.00 KVAR

3 Edc 11.89 KV

4 Idc 1.77 KA

5 Vg 16.05 KV



134

Table-VIII.B. results with firing angle 60° for converter & 165° for inverter

Table-IX.B. results with firing angle 90° for converter & 180° for inverter

When whole of generated power is regulated through via AC/DC/AC power converter, there is an effective variation of power generation occurs on varying of firing angle of power converter and inverter. This project model may be utilized for regulation and controlling of power in modern power circuits.. The smooth power generation, operation and control may be adopted in power generation circuits, but in some cases the load or grid voltage become higher than predefined values which may be happened due to Ferranti, harmonics or other charging effects which offers voltage instability.

(C).Project model-3 Result analysis for wind power plants with doubly fed induction generator: when 50% of generated power of doubly fed induction generator is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter to utility grid and whole of the power is connected to

the grid directly at � = 10°, wind speed,� = �13 − 20�m/s, generated torque of wind turbine, Tm=3.20775 KN-m., series-parallel capacitor bank, C2=150�� , C1=40��:

Table-I.C. results with firing angle 0° for converter & 90° for inverter

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11995.01 KW

2 Qout 6736.07 KVAR

3 Edc 12.75 KV

4 Idc 0.30 KA 5 Vg 10.87 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 9228.70 KW

2 Qout 6736.07 KVAR

3 Edc 23.36 KV

4 Idc 0.90 KA 5 Vg 13.09 KV

Sl No Variable Name


1 Pout 11553.22 KW

2 Qout 9498.21KVAR

3 Edc 32.99 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA

5 Vg 10.94 KV



135

Fig.10. various reading for firing angle 0˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when whole 50% generated power is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter interfaced with the utility grid and whole of power is directly connected to the grid in case D.F.I.G. Table-II.C. results with firing angle

15°for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-III.C. results with firing angle

30°for converter & 90° for inverter

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 9764.15 KW

2 Qout 9081.75 KVAR

3 Edc 32.99 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA 5 Vg 10.95 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 9123.36KW

2 Qout 9402.84 KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA 5 Vg 10.91 KV



136

Table-IV.C. results with firing angle 45°for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-V.C. results with firing angle 60°for converter & 90° for inverter

Fig.11.various characteristics for firing angle is 60˚ for converter and 90˚ for inverter when whole 50% generated power is regulated via through AC/DC/AC power converter interfaced with the utility grid and whole of the power is directly connected to the grid in case of D.F.I.G.

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 9383.57 KW 2 Qout 8785.03 KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV

4 Idc 0.36 KA

5 Vg 10.96 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11958.57 KW

2 Qout 9074.85KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA 5 Vg 10.99 KV



137

Table-VI.C. results with firing angle 90°for converter & 90° for inverter

Table-VII.C. results with firing angle 0°for converter & 105° for inverter

Table-VII.C. results with firing angle 60°for converter & 165° for inverter

Table-IX.C. results with firing angle 90°for converter & 180° for inverter

It is observed from the results that when 50% of generated power by wind power plant connected with D.F.I.G., the power production is better than other two project models. The generation of power, regulation, controlling, handling operation of generated power is easier. The overall control system is governed by the feedback in nature as 50% of generated power is fed back through the stator circuit to rotor circuit for regulation and controlling of grid power at desired level without hampering the voltage stability. It is revealed from the results that the requirement of concerned associate power electronics equipments is moderate in nature.

7. A COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE STUDY

Project Model-1 1. It is not possible to control over the real power and reactive dispatch by the power converter system as negligible changes with variation of firing angle. 2. Severe voltage instability and flicking of frequency occurs in the grid or load circuit. 3. Higher capability of power electronic circuit is required. 4. Largest HVDC link voltage and current is to handle lower reactive power generation with same set of capacitive excitation. 5. So due to above reasons, it may not be applicable in real cases. Project Model-2

1. Lower size of power electronic devices is required to handle comparatively higher DC-link voltage and current. 2. Lower power production with same set of operating sets.

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11153.32 KW

2 Qout 9196.21 KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV

4 Idc 0.36 KA 5 Vg 10.96 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11553.22 KW 2 Qout 9498.27 KVAR

3 Edc 32.99 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA

5 Vg 10.94 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11950.49 KW

2 Qout 9074.85 KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV

4 Idc 0.37 KA 5 Vg 10.92 KV

Sl No

Variable Name


1 Pout 11153.32 KW

2 Qout 9196.21 KVAR

3 Edc 32.94 KV 4 Idc 0.36 KA

5 Vg 10.96 KV



138

3. Higher values of capacitor banks is required for production of reactive power. 4. The overall system performance is comparatively good. Project Model-3 1. Comparatively production of large amount of electrical power with same operating set. 2. Less sizes of capacitance bank is required as 50% of generated power is fed back to the rotor circuit for excitation of D.F.I.G. 3. Moderate sizes of power electronic devices are required to handle comparatively lower voltage and current. 4. Maintaining good voltage stability with fixed frequency grid voltages. 5. Overall system performance is better than other project models.

8. CONCLUSION In this thesis , three dynamic models of wind power plants has been presented for a pitch-controlled and variable speed wind Turbine, equipped with self-excited Induction generator as well as a wound-rotor doubly fed induction Generator and static AC/DC/AC power converters with power transformer cascade. The necessary series-parallel capacitor banks have been included in the power circuits for maintaining voltage stability for reactive power balance. Three models have been framed with self-excited induction generator as well as D.F.I.G. and implemented using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulations performed and analysis of concerned results indicates that the system presents various dynamic characteristics in those three project models, with/without any stability problems. PSCAD/EMTDC proved to be a valuable tool in predicting the behaviour of the WT, in selecting controller parameters and optimizing in general the control and operation of the machine and a case study has been analyzed and all those models analysis is helpful to select the project model in real situation.

REFERENCES:

1.Final Project Report WECC Wind Generator Development. Appendix V Model validation of Wind Turbine Generator; Prepared for CIEE By: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, University of California.[19]

2. Shahnia1 Farhad and Sharifian2 Mohammad B.B,‘PSCAD/EMTDC BASED SIMULATION OF DOUBLE FED INDUCTION GENERATOR FOR WIND TURBINES’--1East Azarbayjan Electric Power Distribution Company, Tabriz, Iran; 2Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Tabriz, iran.[20]

3. Mustafa. A. A1-Saffar1, Eui-Cheol Nho2 Thomas A. Lipo3 ’Controlled Shunt Capacitor Self-Excited Induction Generator’-1Dept. of Electrical Engineering College of Technological Studies P.O. BOX 39525 A1-Nuzha, Kuwait 73056,2 Dept. of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Pukyoung National University San 100, YongDang-Dong, NamKuj Pusan, 608-739, 3Dept. of



139

Electrical Engineering College of Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706-1691[32] 4 . Seyoum.D, Grantham.C and Rahman .F,’ Analysis of an Isolated self-excited induction generator driven by a Variable speed prime mover’-- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales [33]

5. Renewable energy- Principles of Doubly Fed Induction Generator(DFIG) –Courseware sample by Staff of Lab-Volt Ltd., Canada, May 2011[22]

6. Patnaik. Ishan,’Wind as a Renewable Source of Energy’-- A project report, Student of NIT, Rourkela, Orissa:[4]

7. Babu . B.Chitti and Mohanty. K.B.,’,Doubly Fed Induction Generator for variable speed wind Energy Conversion System-Modelling & Simulation’--- International Journal of computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol.2,No.1, February,2010,1793-8163[26] 8. Skolthanarat .Siriya, ‘The Modeling and Control of a Wind Farm and Grid Interconnection in a Multi-machine System’- Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virgina Polytechnic institute and State University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D.,August 26th ,2009, Blackburg, VA.

9. Hansen .LH, L. Helle, Blaabjerg .F, Ritchie .E, S. Munk-Nielsen .S,

Bindner.H, , Sørensen .P and Bak-Jensen .B,’ Conceptual survey of Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines, RisØ National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, December 2001 10. Petru .Tomas,’Modeling of Wind Turbines for Power System Studies’-Department of Electrical Power engineering, Chalmers university of technology, Goteborg, Sweden 2001.

11. Muljadi .E and Butterfield C.P.1 and Sallan .J and Sanz .M2,’.Investigation of Self-Excited Induction Generator for Wind Turbine Application’ - 1National Renewable energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado; 2University of Zaragoza, Spain; Presented at the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Society, annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, October 3-7, 1999 12. Kulworawanichpong .T and Sangsarawant .P,’ Power flow Modelling of Self-excited Induction Generator’--- proceedings of the World congress on Engineering 2007 vol I, WCE 2007, july 2-4,2007, London, U.K.

13. Gupta JB ,’Theory and performance of electrical machines’—S.K. Kataria & Sons,4424/6 Guru Nanak Market, Nai Sarak, Delhi 11006 14. Vaidya Jay, ’Advanced Electric Generator & Control for high Speed Micro/Mini Turbine based Power Systems’-- President Electrodynamics Associates, Inc. 409 East bridge Drive, Oviedo, FL 32765 And Earl Gregory, Power Generation, Propulsion Directorate AFRL/PRPG, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433

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