ISSN 0036-8075

4May 1979Volume 204, No. 4392

LETTERS Energy: Calculating the Risks: R. Lemberg; R. Caputo; Fringe Benefitsof Cataract Surgery: D. Davenport andJ. M. Foley.

EDITORIAL Public Policy and Health Manpower: C. C. Fordham, III.. .. .. . . .... . .

ARTICLES Laser Annealing of Ion-Implanted Semiconductors: C. W. White, J. Narayan,R. T. Young ...................................

Nitrate Losses from Disturbed Ecosystems: P. M. Vitousek et al.

Basic Research in the United States: P. Handler .

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

AAASNEWS

President Carter Addresses National Academy

Debate on the Future of Weapons Labs Widens.

Radiation Responsibilities.

Rodent Repellers Attract EPA Strictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Briefing: U.S. Scientists Say World Dominance Is Over; Kennedy LeavesFDA for Stanford; Dynamite Prizes; To Accept Is to Reject:The Publishing Paradox.

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Continuation Methods: New Ways to Solve Equations . . .... .. . . . . . . . . 488

Is Labile Hypertension a Myth?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

News from Interciencia Association: J. W. Rowe; AAAS Travelers; Janet BrownLeaves AAAS: R. Green; PSA to Meet in the Soviet Union; PRC Visits AAAS;African Philosophers Meet in Benin . 490

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~.AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMIENT OFP SCIENCE

BOOK REviEws The Dynamics of Arthro'pod Predator-Prey Systems, reviewed by T. W. Schoener;POpssum Neurobiology, G.F. Martin, Jr.; Octopus, P. P. C.Graziadei;

Science in the Middle Ages, C. B. Schmitt; Books Received ..........

RIEPORTS Abnormal P-Wave Delays in The Geysers-Clear Lake Geothermal Area,California: H. M. Jyer, D. H. Oppenheimer, T. Hitchcock ............

Acid Rain: Neutralization Within the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem andRegional Implications: N. M. Johnson ......................

2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate: A Superior Electrolytefor the Secondary Lithium Electrode: V. R. Koch andJ. H. Young .......

Cement Line Motion in Bone: R. Lakes and S. Saha .................

Chicken Gizzard: Relation Between Calcium-Activated Phosphorylation andContraction: P. E. Hoar, W. G. L. Kerrick, P. S. Cassidy .... .......

Selective Phospholipid Adsorption and Atherosclerosis: N. L. Gershfeld ......Membrane Effects ofThyrotropin-Releasing I4or'monle and Estrogen Shown by

Intra'cellular Reco-rding from! Pituitary Cells: B. Dufy et al.DNA Polymerase with Characteristics of Reverse' Transcriptase Purified from

Human Milk: J. A. Kantor et al ..........................

Smoking Impairs Long-Term Dust Clearance from the Lung: D. Cohen, S. F. Arai,J. D.Brain . ..........

Embryonic Rodent Brain Contains Estrogen Receptors: C. C. Vito and T. 0. Fox.

Teleostean Urophysis: Urotensini II and Ion Transport Across the IsolatedSkin of a Marine Teleost: W. S. Mfarshall and H. A. Bern ............

Multiple Representations of the Body Within the Primary Som'atosensory Cortexof Primates:J. H. Kaas et al ..

Intraretinal Distribution of Cone Pigments in Certain Tele'ost Fishes:J. S. Levine et al ..................................

Human Skin Fibroblasts Derived from Papillary and Reticular Dermis:Differences in Growth Potential in vitro: R. A. Harper and G. Grove ......

Conditioned Inhibition: Selective Response of Single Units:L. de Toledo-Morrell, T. J. Hoeppner, F. Morrell ................

Technical Commients: Commissural Transm'ission in Humans: H. A. Swadlow,N. Geschwind, S. G. Waxman;J. E. Gould;A. Salamy .............

KEbCCORMADCK C. SAWKLL LIAT*U in.LW.PETE RSO N MN YA NG

Z.OLO YAM 5IGE EAES

AG RWIULTUE -l ccion In RjjoCJT.CVW" LWSim

LAiudisi SCIENCES((Wh)L iEugsnsW.Oil suIFedSkg

~ ~ GimFLH

COVER

Defects in boron-implanted silicon .af-~

ter conventio'nal thermal annealing as

seen in a fals'e color transmission elec-

tron micrograph. Defects in the form of

dislocations, loops, and stacking faults

are observed by the electron micro-

scope at a magnification of about

x60,000 in the implanted, thermally an-

nealed (at 1000C for 30 minutes) speci-mens whereas no defects were ob-

served after high-powered laser anneal-

ing of the ion-implanted specimiens.:The black-and-white negative of the:micrograph was exposed throujgh aw,amber filter to produce this -color. SW_page 461. [J. Narayan, C. W. White'~and R. T. Young, Solid State Divis'ioni,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak

Ridge, Tennessee 37830j

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4 May 1979, Volume 204, Number 4392

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PubiScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta-

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad- Heavancement of science, including the presentation of mi-nority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- knowlclishing only material on which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science- ical C(including editorials, news and comment, and book re- dicatecviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by the enrolinAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af- Thisfiliated.

Editorial Board ning o

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SCIE:NCE

lic Policy and Health ManpowerLlth, Education, and Welfare Secretary Joseph Califano recently ac-edged before the annual meeting of the Association of American Med-olleges that the nation may face an oversupply of physicians. He in-d that HEW will seek ways to encourage medical schools to reducements.,dramatic policy shift was made less than 2 months after the begin-of an academic year in which there was a federally mandated (one-enrollment increase. Even now, a number of medical schools acrossountry, old and new, are expecting state budgetary support for the1980 academic year to meet enrollment increases. In many instances,leral government is obligated to assist in meeting construction or op-is costs. The paradox of continued expansion in the face of a threat-surplus, with the associated costs to society, is poignant in a time offiscal constraint.v did we get into this position? The first health manpower legislationwas passed on the background of the Bane report, which containedte goals in terms of aggregate physician numbers and a plan for howieve them. Federal funds were provided for operational support, con-on, and student aid. The possibilities were not lost on aggressive in-)ns, chambers of commerce, professional and academic entrepre-political aspirants, and state legislatures. Community developersenvision the economic benefits of a publicly supported academic med-nter. State legislatures had the statutory authority and the tax base toexpensive new educational and service enterprises. In status anda medical school represents an especially attractive political spoil.

1968, the legislative goal had shifted from a reasonably concrete num-meeting the demand," and a serious shortage of physicians was still

mned. Barely noted in the congressional hearings was evidence of ain the rate of population growth. Although it was originally esti-

that about 20 new medical schools would be needed by the middle,twice that number have been started. And programs in other healthsions have been expanding at similar rates.clear that decision-making in national health manpower legislation-en characterized by vacillating goals and increasing frustration.is some evidence that aggregate numbers will not solve the problemsess to medical services, but may enhance the problem of increasingLI costs.ough the answers are not yet in, even the questions point to a seriousna in health policy and in public policy. There has been no clear planexpansion of medical education, no continuity in setting and revisingand insufficient collaboration between state and federal agencies. Aower shortage was perceived, and we raced pell-mell to correct it,orating a variety of agendas (other than the care of patients).we approach an era of probable retrenchment in health professionalion, it is profoundly to be hoped that more rational, collaborativerm planning and implementation can obtain. Administrativees, Congress, and the academic and professional communities shouldogether to achieve these ends. Prospects for such an approach have-ompromised by the proposal of the Administration, made withins of the undertaking of new obligations by the schools, to reduce insti-l funding as of 1 October 1979.time for the establishment of a national commission, made up offrom the public and private sectors, to undertake the developmentrmediate and long-range plans for health manpower and assist policy-in serving the public interest.-CHRISTOPHER C. FORDHAM, III,

School ofMedicine, University ofNorth Carolina, Chapel Ifill 27514