israel - palestine conflict
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Israel - Palestine ConflictTRANSCRIPT
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People Page 3
Groups Page 5
Timeline Page 7
Places Page 9
Works Cited Page 12
The Major Players of Israel and PalestineHistorically Relevant (Israel)
David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973)Hometown: Plonsk, PolandPositons Held:Founder of Histadrut trade union
Head of the Labor Party1948-53 Prime Minster1955 Defense Minister1956-63 Prime MinisterMemeber of the Knesset
Importance: One of the leading Zionists and activistfor formation of Israeli state
Golda MeirHometown: Kiev, UkrainePositions Held: Knesset
1956 Foreign Minister1969 Prime Minister
Importance: Third female prime minster in theworld. The Yom Kippur War took place duringher time as Prime Minster.
Historically Relevant (Palestine)Yasser Arafat
Hometown: Cairo, EgyptPositions Held: Chairman of the PalestinianLiberation Organization
Khaled MashaalHometown: Silwad in West BankPositions Held: Leader of Hamas
Currently Influential (Israel)Binyamin Netanyahu (1949-present)
Hometown: Tel Aviv, IsraelPositions Held: 2009 prime MinisterImportance: First Prime Minister to be born in thestate of Israel
Ehud Barak(1942-present)Positions Held: 1999 prime Minister
leader of the Labour PartyMinister of DefenseDeputy Prime Minister
Ya
B
Golda Meir
3
sser Arafat
inyamin Netanyahu
Tzipi Livni(1958-present)Hometown:Tel Aviv, IsraelPositions Held: leader of the Kadima opposition party
Minister of Regional Co-OperationMinister of Immigration Absorption
Currently Influential (Palestine)Mahmoud Abbas
Hometown: SafedPositions Held: President of the Palestinian National
PartyPresident of the “State of Palestine”
Ismail Haniyeh (1963-present)Hometown:Al-Shati refugee camp in the Gaza StripPositions Held: Senior Political Leader of Hamas
Prime Minister of Palestinian NationalAuthority
If you are interested in learning more about th
leaders and their peace efforts or their beliefs
out these videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QQLSWh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzXulGX4a
Ismail Haniyeh
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FATAH stands for Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani alFalastini – the Palestinian National Liberation
Movement.
Leader: President Mahmoud Abbas
Established: 1950’s by Yasser Arafat and other
Palestinian nationalists.
Fatah is the larger of the two main Palestinian
political parties.
PLO stands for Palestine Liberation Organization.
Leader: Yasser Arafat
Established: 1964…ended in 2002
PLO at one point was the only legitimate
representation of the Palestinian people. It ended
with Yasser Arafat’s death in 2002 and the Hamas
victory in the 2006 elections.
HAMAS stands for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya
– Islamic Resistance Movement.
Leader: Prime Minister Ismail Haniyah
Established: 1987 during the first Palestinian uprising.
Hamas is the smaller of the two main Palestinian
political parties. Hamas has been in control of the
Gaza Strip since June 2007.
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Labour – Israeli Labour Party (ILP)
Leader: Ehud Barak
Established: 1968
Labour has 13 seats and is a center party. They are
now against many socialist ideas but used to be very
left-center. Before 2006, ILP was a major opposition
party.
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Likud - The Consolidation
Leader: Benjamin Netanyahu
Established: 1973 by Menachem Begin
Likud has 27 seats and is a center-right party. They
support a free market capitalist and liberal agenda.
Their victory in the 1977 elections was a turning point
and the first time the left had lost power.
Kadima - Forward
Leader: Tzipi Livni
Established: November 21, 2005
Kadima has 28 seats and is a center party. Many
moderates from Likud joined this party. Founded by
Prime Minister Sharon after he broke away from the
Likud party.
Leader: President: Mahmoud Abbas
Prime Minister: Salam Fayyad
Established: May 4, 1994
Population: 4,136,540 People
The Gaza-Jericho agreement led to the creation of
this. It governs part of the Gaza Strip and West Bank.
Founded: 2002 by the Spanish Prime Minister Aznar
The Quartet on the Middle East is also known as the
Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet. It is a
foursome of nations: The United Nations, The United
States, The European Union, and Russia. They make
efforts to keep peace and resolve the Israel-Palestine
conflict.
RRR
.
1914 19
adicalization
1914 19
adicalization
but not the Arabs
1914 19
adicalization
but not the Arabs
1914 19
but not the Arabs
The Arab-Israe
Diplomacy and
46 1946 19
.
46 19
.
46 19
.
The Palestine Liberation
Organization is founded
by the AL and declares
the Balfour Declaration
null and void.
7
li War
Intifada
MandateMandateMandateMandate
PeriodDiplomacy andPeriod
Diplomacy andPeriod
Diplomacy andPeriodDiplomacy and
Radicalization
British encourage
the Arab
Hashemite tribe
to rebel against
the Ottoman
Empire. They
pledge to offer to
support them in
their efforts.
British encourage
the Arab
Hashemite tribe
to rebel against
the Ottoman
Empire. They
pledge to offer to
support them in
their efforts.
British encourage
the Arab
Hashemite tribe
to rebel against
the Ottoman
Empire. They
pledge to offer to
support them in
their efforts.
British encourage
the Arab
Hashemite tribe
to rebel against
the Ottoman
Empire. They
pledge to offer to
support them in
their efforts.
The Balfour
Declaration spurs
Jewish immigration
and lays the
foundation for the
eventual establishment
The Balfour
Declaration spurs
Jewish immigration
and lays the
foundation for the
eventual establishment
The Balfour
Declaration spurs
Jewish immigration
and lays the
foundation for the
eventual establishment
The Balfour
Declaration spurs
Jewish immigration
and lays the
foundation for the
eventual establishment
During these years, Jewish and
Arabs do not get along well and
they fight. The first fight was in
1929 over Jerusalem's Western
Wall and the second major
outbreak in fights was in 1936 to
stop Jewish immigration.
During these years, Jewish and
Arabs do not get along well and
they fight. The first fight was in
1929 over Jerusalem's Western
Wall and the second major
outbreak in fights was in 1936 to
stop Jewish immigration.
During these years, Jewish and
Arabs do not get along well and
they fight. The first fight was in
1929 over Jerusalem's Western
Wall and the second major
outbreak in fights was in 1936 to
stop Jewish immigration.
During these years, Jewish and
Arabs do not get along well and
they fight. The first fight was in
1929 over Jerusalem's Western
Wall and the second major
outbreak in fights was in 1936 to
stop Jewish immigration.
Hitler introduces
Nuremberg Race
Laws which cause
Jews to flee to
Palestine and
The British propose a
two state solution.
One Jewish state and
one Arab state.
Approved by the Jews
The British propose a
two state solution.
One Jewish state and
one Arab state.
Approved by the Jews
The British propose a
two state solution.
One Jewish state and
one Arab state.
Approved by the Jews
Haj Amin al-Husseini,
Grand Mufti of
Jerusalem gets exiled
out of his own country
by Britain.
Haj Amin al-Husseini,
Grand Mufti of
Jerusalem gets exiled
out of his own country
by Britain.
WWII: many Jews
flee from Europe to
Palestine to avoid
being a victim of the
Holocaust.
WWII: many Jews
flee from Europe to
Palestine to avoid
being a victim of the
Holocaust.
Population of Jews in Palestine
reaches 1.2 million.
Population of Jews in Palestine
reaches 1.2 million.
Arab League founded which
strongly opposed the Jewish
state of Palestine.
Arab League founded which
strongly opposed the Jewish
state of Palestine.
British troops move out
and fights break out.
The UN Passes
Resolution 194. It
says that all
refugees should be
able to return at
the earliest date
possible.
The UN Passes
Resolution 194. It
says that all
refugees should be
able to return at
the earliest date
possible.
Israel Knesset
passes the Law
of Return
allowing Jews to
become
automatic
citizens of Israel.
Israel Knesset
passes the Law
of Return
allowing Jews to
become
automatic
citizens of Israel.
The President of Egypt nationalizes
the Suez Canal, which was privately
owned. Israel, Britain and France
attack parts of the peninsula and
canal. The US avoids this conflict to
avoid beginnings of Cold War.
The President of Egypt nationalizes
the Suez Canal, which was privately
owned. Israel, Britain and France
attack parts of the peninsula and
canal. The US avoids this conflict to
avoid beginnings of Cold War.
The Arab League
approves the Khartoum
Resolution.
"No peace with Israel"
"No recognition of Israel"
Arab- Israeli War
Terrorists
demand the
release of
Palestinian
Prisoners
ate the
Munich
Olympics.
73
PLO Extremists
hijack a flight out of
Tel Aviv airport.
They demand for the
release of Palestinian
prisoners in Israel.
PLO terrorists invaded an Italian cruise
ship named the Achille Lauro. They killed
a Jewish U.S. tourist and demanded the
release of Palestinian prisoners.
.
93 Present19
The Palestinian National Council
and the PLO ratifies a ten-point
political program aimed at
establishing a Palestinian State.
Israel invades Lebanon because of
the raids on Israel by the PLO.
Anwar Sadat from Egypt and Israeli Prime Minister
Menachem Begin meet at Camp David and begin to
set the stage for and Egypt Israeli peace Treaty the
following year.
A suicide bomber
detonates a van filled
with explosives in
front of the U.S.
Embassy. This was
the beginning works of
Hezbollah.
Sheikh Ahmed Yassin creates Hamas which
is a violent offshoot of Egypt's Muslim
Brotherhood. The organization calls for
Muslims to liberate the territory through
violent jihad.
Intifada: The first Palestinian
uprising begins throughout the
occupied West Bank and Gaza.
They attacked Israeli Defense
Forces and these acts became
symbolic for the Palestinians.
Jordan’s King Hussein cedes to
the PLO all his country’s
territorial claims.
US officials help
end hostilities
between Lebanon
and Israel.
After Iraq's invasion of
Kuwait, the U.S. enters the
Persian Gulf War. Iraq
fires missiles at Israeli
population centers and
U.S. bases.
The Madrid peace
conference
establishes a
framework for
Israel-Jordan and
Israeli-Palestinian
peace agreements.
Israel and Jordan agree to work
together toward a “just, lasting
and comprehensive peace.”
After twenty-seven years in exile, Yasir
Arafat returns to Gaza, where he takes
rein once again.
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is
assassinated.
U.S. President Bill Clinton hosts two weeks
of intense Israeli-Palestinian negotiations at
Camp David. Palestinian President Arafat
does not accept the deal.
George W. Bush becomes
president and announces he
will not appoint a Middle East
envoy.
The 9/11 terrorist attacks
on the United States force
Washington to rethink its
posture toward the Middle
East.
Israel begins construction of a
barrier separating Israel from the
West Bank.
Mahmoud Abbas is appointed
Palestinian prime minister. Bush
outlines a "Road Map for Peace"
which outlines specific
benchmarks for progress.
The Oslo Accords is a treaty between the
PLO and Israel resulting in each side
officially recognizing the other and
renouncing the use of violence. Oslo II is
created in 1995.
8Yasir Arafat falls ill and Palestinians
elect Mahmoud Abbas.
Israel begins withdrawal
of nine thousand Jews
from settlements in Gaza
U.S. President
George W. Bush
hosts a conference
aimed at restarting
Israel mounts an
incursion into the
Gaza Strip.
y
U.S. Secretary of State
Henry Kissinger employs
"Shuttle Diplomacy",
serving as a mediator
between hostile states.
Created By: Louis Yore
Location: Eastern Coast of Mediterranean Sea
Area: 139 Square Miles
Population: 1.5 Million People
The Gaza Strip was created in 1949 as a result
of the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. It was
originally intended to be part of a new Arab
state. At first, it was under Egyptian control but
after the six-day war, Israel took over. In 1994,
Palestinian Authority took over and today,
Hamas is in control
Location: Sharing borders with Israel and Syria
Area: 1,800 Square Kilometers
Population: 117,900 People
Formerly known as the Syrian Heights. ¾ of the area is
controlled by Israel and the rest by Syria. Israel has had
control since the six day war. In 1981, Israel's Golan
Heights Law made it so Israel’s "laws, jurisdiction and
administration” applied to Golan Heights. UNSCR 242
stating that Golan Heights is Israeli occupied still
applies today.
Location: Land Locked; Eastern part of Palestinian
Territories
Area: 5,640 Square Kilometers
Population: 2,345,000 People
Before WWI, the West Bank was under the Ottoman
rule. In 1920, due to the San Remo conference, the
British Mandate of Palestine gained control of this
area, including modern day Jordan and Israel. After
the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Jordan took control. The
six day war led to Israeli control but, with the
exception of East Jerusalem, Israel did not annex the
area.
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Location: Borders Israel, West Bank and Jordan
Area: 41,650 Square Kilometers
Also Known As: The Salt Sea
The Dead Sea’s surface and shores are the lowest on
Earth’s surface on dry land. It gets its water from the
Jordan River. It is one of the largest and saltiest bodies
of water on Earth. This makes it impossible for any
thing to live in it, hence its name.
Location: Southwest Asia, flows to Dead Sea
Area: 156 Miles Long
The Jordan River is one of the most sacred rivers on
Earth. In Christian tradition, Jesus was baptized here.
In Judaism, the river is the eastern border of “The
land of Israel.”
Location: between the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas
Area: 13 Kilometers Wide
The Straits of Tiran are narrow sea passages that
separate the Gulf of Aqaba from the Red Sea. They
provide Jordan’s only seaport of Aqaba and Jordan’s
only Indian Ocean Seaport. During the Suez Crisis and
The Six Day War, the Egyptian’s blockade of the
Straits for Israeli ships was a catalyst to the wars.
Location: Southern Israel
Area: 13,000 Square Kilometers
85% of the Negev Desert is used for training purposes
by Israeli Defense Forces. The rest is for civilian
purposes. A 1,500 square kilometer area is now a
protected nature reserve.
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Location: Israel
Area: 125.1 Kilometers Squared
Population: 763,800 People
Many consider Jerusalem the capital of Israel. In 2000,
there are 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques
within the city. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher, The
Western Wall, and The Al-Aqsa Mosques are all in
Jerusalem. Jerusalem is the third holiest city in Islam. For
Judaism, Jerusalem has been considered sacred since
King Solomon declared it his capital. It also was the site
of Solomon’s temple and the Second Temple. Fro
Christianity, according to the New Testament, Jesus was
brought here shortly after his birth. Also, the Cenacle, the
site of Jesus’s last supper is located on Mount Zion.
Location: 10 Kilometers North of Jerusalem
Area: 16.3 Square Kilometers
Population: 27,460 People
Ramallah Literally means “Height of God.” Ramallah
residents were some of the first joiners of the First
Intifada. Yasser Arafat’s West Bank headquarters were
located in Ramallah. Currently Ramallah is the capital
of the Palestinian National Authority.
Location: Israel
Area: Appr. 1,500 Square Kilometers
Population: 393,900 People
Tel Aviv is accepted capital of Israel. Goverened by a
31 – member elected council. Any Israeli citizen over
the age of 18 is eligible. It was founded in 1909 and is
the second largest city in Israel.
Interesting (and surprising) fact: “Named by Out
Magazine "the gay capital of the Middle East", Tel
Aviv is considered a liberal and accepting city in the
region for LGBTs.”
Location: Gaza Strip
Area: 45 Square Kilometers
Population: 410,000 People
Gaza City is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip. It is the
largest of the Palestinian cities. It was originally under
Ancient Egyptian rule. Then the Romas took over. After
WWI British forces took over and it became part of the
British Mandate of Palestine. As a result of the six-day
war, Israel took control but in 1993 the city was given
to Palestinian National Authority. In 2007 Hamas took
over.
11Location: Egypt
Area: 60,000 Square Kilometers
Population: 1.3 Million People
The Sinai Peninsula is the only part of Egypt located
in Asia instead of Africa. It lies between the
Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. It serves as a bridge
between Africa and Asia. It was, at one point,
controlled by the Ottoman and British empires. Also,
Israel conquered and occupied the Sinai Peninsula
twice: Once after the Suez War and once after the six-
day war.
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Works Cited
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_River
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem#Religious_significance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negev
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/f/fatah_al/index.html
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/h/hamas/index.html
http://www.cfr.org/publication/8912/israels_political_system.html#p3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority#Officials
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East
http://www.zionism-israel.com/bio/biography_david_bengurion.htm
http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashaalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzipi_Livni
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh