Isomers

Structural Isomers1. a)

Butane (C4H10) 2-methylpropane (C4H10)

2.

CH2 C CH3

CH3

CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CHCH2

CH2

CH3

1-butene 2-butene

2-methylpropene cyclobutane methylcyclopropane

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3

CH3

3. a) C4H8 has more isomers because the position of the double affects the name and because ring structures can be drawn.

4.

O

C C C

H

H

H

H

H

H

aldehydeH

C C C

H

H

H

H

O

H

ketone

OH

C C C

H

H

H

H

H

H

C C C

H

H

H

OH

H C

C

CH

H

H H

H

OH

alcohols

C C

O

H

H CH3

H

ether

C O C C

H

H

H

H H

H

5. The OH bond is polar, the CO bond is less polar, thus the alcohol would have the higher boiling point and be soluble in water.

6. b) 1,2-dichloroethene requires cis or trans.1,2-dichloroethane does not require cis or trans because they would both represent the same molecule (to move chlorine from the same side to opposite sides only requires that the C – C single bond be rotated).

7.

CH3CH3

CH3

CH3

trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane

cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane

8. 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane9. a) not isomers (they don’t have the same

chemical formula: C5H12 vs. C5H10)

b) structural isomersc) geometric isomersd) not isomers (both diagrams represent the exact same molecule)

CH3

CH3

11.Monomer: the smallest repeating unit of a polymer (propene in polypropylene).Polymer: a long chain molecule made up of many small identical units (monomers).Addition polymerization: a reaction in which unsaturated monomers combine with each other to form a polymer.

12.Teflon, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene (pop bottles, grocery bags), polystyrene (packing material), Plexiglas, polyvinyl chloride (vinyl), natural rubber, etc.

Polymers

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