iso-osi p rotocols professor saad haj bakry, phd, ceng, fiee n etwork a rchitecture

ISO-OSI PROTOCOLSISO-OSI PROTOCOLS

Professor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEEProfessor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

NETWORK ARCHITECTURENETWORK ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network ArchitectureISO-OSI Protocols

NETWORK STRUCTURENETWORK STRUCTURE

TRANSPORT

ASSOCIATED

STANDARDS

ASSOCIATED

STANDARDS

LAYERED PROTOCOLSLAYERED PROTOCOLS

ISO-OSI LAYERESISO-OSI LAYERES

ISO TERMSISO TERMSDATA LINK

PHYSICAL

USING OSIUSING OSINETWORK

SESSION

PRESENTATION

APPLICATION

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

SECURITYSECURITY

REFERENCESREFERENCES

STANDARDSSTANDARDS

ISO-OSIISO-OSI

ISOISO

Saad Haj Bakry


INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION

ADDRESS: PO Box

56, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

ADDRESS: PO Box

56, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

STARTED: 1946

200 (TCs) Technical

Committees

5000 (Standards)

STARTED: 1946

200 (TCs) Technical

Committees

5000 (Standards)

MEMBERS: 89 Countries ANSI: USA BSI: UK SASO:

Saudi Arabia

MEMBERS: 89 Countries ANSI: USA BSI: UK SASO:

Saudi Arabia

OSIOSI

Saad Haj Bakry


TRANSPORT

DATA LINK

PHYSICAL

NETWORK

SESSION

PRESENTATION

APPLICATION

OPEN SYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION:

REFERENCE MODEL

OPEN SYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION:

REFERENCE MODEL

STARTED: 1983STARTED: 1983

NETWORK STRUCTURENETWORK STRUCTURE

Saad Haj Bakry


H

Host / DTE

Node / DCE

Users

NN

NN NN

NN

COMMUNICATIONS

SUBNETWORKH

H H

H

H

UUUU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

ACCESS / SERVICES SUBNETWORK

ISO NETWORK TERMS: (1/4) ISO NETWORK TERMS: (1/4)

DATA: A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communications, interpretation, or processing

DATA: A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communications, interpretation, or processing

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture ISO-OSI Protocols

INFORMATION: The meaning that is currently assigned to “data” by means of conventions applied to that data.

INFORMATION: The meaning that is currently assigned to “data” by means of conventions applied to that data.

FUNCTIONAL UNIT: An entity of HW or SW, or both, capable of accomplishing a specific purpose

FUNCTIONAL UNIT: An entity of HW or SW, or both, capable of accomplishing a specific purpose


SOURCE: The “functional unit” that generates “data” for transmission

SOURCE: The “functional unit” that generates “data” for transmission

Saad Haj Bakry


SINK: The “functional unit” that accepts transmitted “data”.

SINK: The “functional unit” that accepts transmitted “data”.

PROTOCOL: A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determines the behaviour of “functional units” in achieving communications.

PROTOCOL: A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determines the behaviour of “functional units” in achieving communications.


DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (DCE): In a “data” station, the equipment that provides the signal conversion and coding between the “DTE” and the communication line. (Communication Node)

DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (DCE): In a “data” station, the equipment that provides the signal conversion and coding between the “DTE” and the communication line. (Communication Node)Saad Haj Bakry


DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (DTE): The part of “data” station that serves as a “data source”, “data sink”, or both. (Host)

DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (DTE): The part of “data” station that serves as a “data source”, “data sink”, or both. (Host)


DATA INTEGRITY : The “data” quality that exists as long as accidental or malicious destruction, alternation, or loss of “data” does not occur.

DATA INTEGRITY : The “data” quality that exists as long as accidental or malicious destruction, alternation, or loss of “data” does not occur.

Saad Haj Bakry


ENCRYPTION: Encryption methods and principles are examples pf things considered by “cryptography”.

ENCRYPTION: Encryption methods and principles are examples pf things considered by “cryptography”.

CRYPTOGRAPHY: A discipline involving principles, means, and methods for changing “data”, so that it is not readable.

CRYPTOGRAPHY: A discipline involving principles, means, and methods for changing “data”, so that it is not readable.

LAYERED PROTOCOLSLAYERED PROTOCOLS

Saad Haj Bakry


WHY DIVIDE:

Complex Operation

Divide & Rule

Remember: it is Integrated

(All in One)

WHY DIVIDE:

Complex Operation

Divide & Rule

Remember: it is Integrated

(All in One)

WHY LAYERS:

Nature of Network Structure

User Access Use Demands Presentation

Network Operation Communication

WHY LAYERS:

Nature of Network Structure

User Access Use Demands Presentation

Network Operation Communication

ISO-OSI LAYERSISO-OSI LAYERS

Saad Haj Bakry


APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

SESSIONSESSION

TRANSPORT`TRANSPORT`

NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

COMMUNICATION MEDIUM


PHYSICALPHYSICAL

DATA LINKDATA LINK

NETWORKNETWORK

COMMUNICATION SUBNETWORKCOMMUNICATION SUBNETWORK



PEER LEVELS

ISO-OSI FUNCTIONSISO-OSI FUNCTIONS

Saad Haj Bakry


APPLICATION: Supporting Services at Access Points

APPLICATION: Supporting Services at Access Points

PRESENTATION: Representation of

Information

PRESENTATION: Representation of

Information

SESSION: User Interface to the Network

SESSION: User Interface to the Network

TRANSPORT: End to End QOS

TRANSPORT: End to End QOS

NETWORK: Subnetwork Operation

NETWORK: Subnetwork Operation

DATA LINK: Point to Point Error FreeDATA LINK: Point to Point Error Free

PHYSICAL: Interface to the MediumPHYSICAL: Interface to the Medium

INTERNETWORKINGINTERNETWORKING INTERCONNECTIONINTERCONNECTION

PHYSICAL LAYER: (1/2)

PHYSICAL LAYER: (1/2)

FUNCTIONS: CIRCUIT IDENTIFICATION CONNECTION: Activate / Maintain / Deactivate

SIGNAL & MEDIUM: Put on / Take off

FLOW: Sequencing & Transmission

FAULT: Detection Notification

FUNCTIONS: CIRCUIT IDENTIFICATION CONNECTION: Activate / Maintain / Deactivate

SIGNAL & MEDIUM: Put on / Take off

FLOW: Sequencing & Transmission

FAULT: Detection Notification

An Interface to the Physical MediumAn Interface to the Physical Medium

Saad Haj Bakry


PYSICAL LAYER: (2/2) PYSICAL LAYER: (2/2)

STANDARDS: MECHANICAL: Plugs / Sockets / Pins Functions

ELECTRICAL: Voltage Levels on the Medium

FUNCTIONAL: Levels Assigned to: 0 / 1

PROCEDURAL: Rules of Operation, Sequencing

STANDARDS: MECHANICAL: Plugs / Sockets / Pins Functions

ELECTRICAL: Voltage Levels on the Medium

FUNCTIONAL: Levels Assigned to: 0 / 1

PROCEDURAL: Rules of Operation, Sequencing

Saad Haj Bakry


EXAMPLES: ITU: V.24 / X.21; EIS: RS 232 / RS

449

EXAMPLES: ITU: V.24 / X.21; EIS: RS 232 / RS

449

DATA LINK LAYER: (1/2) DATA LINK LAYER: (1/2)

FUNCTIONS:

CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT BREAKING DATA INTO FRAMES

ERROR CONTROL: Detection / Recovery

FLOW CONTROL: Buffer Limit / QOS

FUNCTIONS:

CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT BREAKING DATA INTO FRAMES

ERROR CONTROL: Detection / Recovery

FLOW CONTROL: Buffer Limit / QOS

Point to Point Error Free TransmissionPoint to Point Error Free Transmission

Saad Haj Bakry


DATA LINK LAYER: (2/2) DATA LINK LAYER: (2/2)

Saad Haj Bakry


EXAMPLES:

IBM SNA: SDLC (Synchronous DL Control) ISO: HDLC

(High level DLC)

EXAMPLES:

IBM SNA: SDLC (Synchronous DL Control) ISO: HDLC

(High level DLC)

ERROR CONTROL: Adding Control Bits

ERROR CONTROL: Adding Control Bits

TECHNIQUES:

Echo Checking

ARQ: Automatic

Repeat Request

FEC: Forward Error

Correction

TECHNIQUES:

Echo Checking

ARQ: Automatic

Repeat Request

FEC: Forward Error

Correction

NETWORK LAYER: 1/2 NETWORK LAYER: 1/2

FUNCTIONS: SUBNETWORK PATH CONTROL:

Addressing, Set Up, Maintain, Clear Down MULTIPLEXING /

CONCENTRATION ROUTING / RELAYING: QOS CONGESTION

CONTROL: QOS

FUNCTIONS: SUBNETWORK PATH CONTROL:

Addressing, Set Up, Maintain, Clear Down MULTIPLEXING /

CONCENTRATION ROUTING / RELAYING: QOS CONGESTION

CONTROL: QOS

Control of Communications SubnetworkControl of Communications Subnetwork

Saad Haj Bakry


NETWORK LAYER: 2/2NETWORK LAYER: 2/2

Saad Haj Bakry


EXAMPLES: ITU: X.25 / EIA: RS-366

EXAMPLES: ITU: X.25 / EIA: RS-366

ROUTING:

STATIC: Shortest Path / Table DYNAMIC: Least Busy Link

HYBRID

ROUTING:

STATIC: Shortest Path / Table DYNAMIC: Least Busy Link

HYBRID

CONGESTION

CONTROL: PERMITS / TOKENS SHARING BUFFERING LIMITS

CONGESTION

CONTROL: PERMITS / TOKENS SHARING BUFFERING LIMITS

TRANSPORT LAYER: (1/2)TRANSPORT LAYER: (1/2)

FUNCTIONS: END TO END PATH CONTROL

BREAKING DATA INTO

MANAGEBLE UNITS ERROR /

CONGESTION / COST / QOS MONITORING & CONTROL

SPLITTING: (1) Transport to (n)

Network Connections MULTIPLEXING: (n) Transports to (1) Connection

FUNCTIONS: END TO END PATH CONTROL

BREAKING DATA INTO

MANAGEBLE UNITS ERROR /

CONGESTION / COST / QOS MONITORING & CONTROL

SPLITTING: (1) Transport to (n)

Network Connections MULTIPLEXING: (n) Transports to (1) Connection

End to End Service Quality ControlEnd to End Service Quality Control

Saad Haj Bakry


TRANSPORT LAYER: (2/2)TRANSPORT LAYER: (2/2)

Saad Haj Bakry


CLASS 0: Simplest / Assuming

High Quality

Network

CLASS 0: Simplest / Assuming

High Quality

Network

CLASS 4:

Assuming Low Quality Network

CLASS 4: Assuming Low Quality Network

CLASS 3: Both: Error Recovery &

Multiplexing

CLASS 3: Both: Error Recovery &

Multiplexing

CLASS 1: Basic Error

Recovery

CLASS 1: Basic Error

Recovery

CLASS 2: Multiplexing Required

CLASS 2: Multiplexing Required

EXAMPLE:

INTERNET: TCP / UDP

EXAMPLE:

INTERNET: TCP / UDP

SESSION LAYERSESSION LAYER

User Interface to the NetworkUser Interface to the Network

Saad Haj Bakry


Session

Connection

Establishment

Session

Connection

Establishment

Session

Interaction

Management

Session

Interaction

Management

QUARANTINE: (for Security)

Receiver Needs Permission to Release

Information to Presentation

QUARANTINE: (for Security)

Receiver Needs Permission to Release

Information to Presentation

Session

Connection

Release

Session

Connection

Release

BRACKETING: (for Failure) Retaining the Ability to

Retransmit Using the Last Bracketed Message

BRACKETING: (for Failure) Retaining the Ability to

Retransmit Using the Last Bracketed Message

PRESENTATION LAYERPRESENTATION LAYER

Representation of InformationRepresentation of Information

Saad Haj Bakry


CODING: Syntax & Semantics of Information CODING: Syntax & Semantics of Information

ENCRYPTION ENCRYPTION COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

CODE CONVERSION: ASCII / EBCDICCODE CONVERSION: ASCII / EBCDIC

TRANSFERRING / RECEIVING InformationTRANSFERRING / RECEIVING Information

APPLICATION LAYERAPPLICATION LAYER

Supporting Network Services at Access Points (User End)

Supporting Network Services at Access Points (User End)

Saad Haj Bakry


GENERAL FUNCTIONS: AUTHORITY TO COMMUNICATE

SERVICE SELECTION

PARTNERS IDENTIFICATION

MESSAGE HANDLING

GENERAL FUNCTIONS: AUTHORITY TO COMMUNICATE

SERVICE SELECTION

PARTNERS IDENTIFICATION

MESSAGE HANDLING

USING ISO-OSIUSING ISO-OSI

Saad Haj Bakry




SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

COMMUNICATION MEDIUMCOMMUNICATION MEDIUM

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

A P S T N L H

A

A

A

A

A

A

P

P

P

P

P

S

S

S

S

T

T

T

N

N L

ASSOCIATED STANDARDSASSOCIATED STANDARDS

Saad Haj Bakry


MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

NAMING &

ADDRESSING: Identifying

Communicating Entities

NAMING &

ADDRESSING: Identifying

Communicating Entities

DIRECTORY

SERVICES: Distributed

Database to Hold Standard Names

& Addresses

DIRECTORY

SERVICES: Distributed

Database to Hold Standard Names

& Addresses

SECURITYSECURITY

NETWORK MANAGEMENT: (1/2)NETWORK MANAGEMENT: (1/2)

Saad Haj Bakry


FAULTS: Testing / Detection /

Isolation / Notification / Recovery

FAULTS: Testing / Detection /

Isolation / Notification / Recovery

CONFIGURATION: Addition / Deletion /

Initialization / Termination

CONFIGURATION: Addition / Deletion /

Initialization / Termination

SECURITY:

Access / Records / Files

SECURITY:

Access / Records / Files

PERFORMANCE: Congestion / Delay /

Reliability /

Utilization

PERFORMANCE: Congestion / Delay /

Reliability /

Utilization

ACCOUNTING: Usage / Charging / Billing

ACCOUNTING: Usage / Charging / Billing

NETWORK MANAGEMENT: (2/2)NETWORK MANAGEMENT: (2/2)

Saad Haj Bakry


OSI PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT: Management of a Function / Protocol of a Layer

OSI PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT: Management of a Function / Protocol of a Layer

OSI LAYER MANAGEMENT: Management of Interaction between Peer Layers

OSI LAYER MANAGEMENT: Management of Interaction between Peer Layers

OSI SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: Management of Functions Related to All Layers

OSI SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: Management of Functions Related to All Layers

NETWORK SECURITY: 1/2NETWORK SECURITY: 1/2

Saad Haj Bakry


UNAUTHORIZED

MODIFICATION OF DATA

UNAUTHORIZED

MODIFICATION OF DATA

MASQUERADING

AS A FRIENDLY

ENTITY

MASQUERADING

AS A FRIENDLY

ENTITY

MESSAGE

REPETITION

MESSAGE

REPETITION

DENIAL

OF SERVICE

DENIAL

OF SERVICE

NETWORK SECURITY: 2/2NETWORK SECURITY: 2/2

Saad Haj Bakry


AUTHENTICATION

FOR CONFIDENCE

AUTHENTICATION

FOR CONFIDENCE

ACCESS CONTROLACCESS CONTROL

DATA INTEGRITY:

DATA INTEGRITY:

DATA CONFIDENTIALITY: No Disclosure

DATA CONFIDENTIALITY: No Disclosure

NON REPUDIATION: Proof of Sending / Receiving NON REPUDIATION: Proof of Sending / Receiving

ISO POEM: 1/8ISO POEM: 1/8

Saad Haj Bakry


The APPLICATION layer is the top one; to the user it’s connected. It is where the transaction is begun, or sometimes just rejected

The APPLICATION layer is the top one; to the user it’s connected. It is where the transaction is begun, or sometimes just rejected

The user may make many demands, for lots of different things. This layer that handles commands,

and output bells it rings

The user may make many demands, for lots of different things. This layer that handles commands,

and output bells it rings


Saad Haj Bakry


The next layer down is PRESENTATION, it handles different devices. It performs any necessary translation, so

there won’t be any surprises.

The next layer down is PRESENTATION, it handles different devices. It performs any necessary translation, so

there won’t be any surprises.

A virtual terminal is the aim, so the key that you will hit, will always

be just the same, whatever kind of kit

A virtual terminal is the aim, so the key that you will hit, will always

be just the same, whatever kind of kit


Saad Haj Bakry


Below presentation we have SESSION, in our network system. The session layer is the one,

which contacts station distant.

Below presentation we have SESSION, in our network system. The session layer is the one,

which contacts station distant.

Virtual calls by it are placed, for a network task,

and when it has a contact made, for a dialogue it

will ask.

Virtual calls by it are placed, for a network task,

and when it has a contact made, for a dialogue it

will ask.


Saad Haj Bakry


Session is followed by TRANSPORTATION, a data path it sets up. It gives the layers above support,

in the form of error free network.

Session is followed by TRANSPORTATION, a data path it sets up. It gives the layers above support,

in the form of error free network.

Below transport things become closer to the hardware, but the layers higher up do not need to

care.

Below transport things become closer to the hardware, but the layers higher up do not need to

care.


Saad Haj Bakry


NETWORK is the next one down, moving all the data.

It handles all the routing round, like a network

operator

NETWORK is the next one down, moving all the data.

It handles all the routing round, like a network

operator Data which is not for us, must be passed along. This is what the network does, to keep the things

moving on.

Data which is not for us, must be passed along. This is what the network does, to keep the things

moving on.


Saad Haj Bakry


DATA LINK is the next from the end, an error free connection.

On the network it will send, streams in one direction.

DATA LINK is the next from the end, an error free connection.

On the network it will send, streams in one direction.

Greatly error checked they are, so if anything corrupts it,

the data link it can repair, or cause retransmit.

Greatly error checked they are, so if anything corrupts it,

the data link it can repair, or cause retransmit.


Saad Haj Bakry


PHYSICAL is right down low, at the base of communication. This is where the signals go, to

their destination.

PHYSICAL is right down low, at the base of communication. This is where the signals go, to

their destination.

The changes to this layer are great, for different communications. The medium it does dictate,

how we send the data.

The changes to this layer are great, for different communications. The medium it does dictate,

how we send the data.


Saad Haj Bakry


Making the network works in layers, is not just for the standard players.

There are already more than one, who with layered protocols have begun.

The ultimate aim in view, is for them to use OSI too.

Making the network works in layers, is not just for the standard players.

There are already more than one, who with layered protocols have begun.

The ultimate aim in view, is for them to use OSI too.

OSI LAYER PRINCIPLES OSI LAYER PRINCIPLES

Saad Haj Bakry


DIFFERENT

ABSTRACTION

DIFFERENT

ABSTRACTION

DIFFERENT

DEFINED

FUNCTION

DIFFERENT

DEFINED

FUNCTION

CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

LIMITED

BOUNDARY

FLOW

LIMITED

BOUNDARY

FLOW

REASONABLE

NUMBER

OF LAYERS

REASONABLE

NUMBER

OF LAYERS

VIEWSVIEWS

Saad Haj Bakry


MODEL:

NOT A

REAL

SYSTEM

LIKE

SNA & TCP/IP

MODEL:

NOT A

REAL

SYSTEM

LIKE

SNA & TCP/IP

BRITISH PROPOSAL: 5 LayersBRITISH PROPOSAL: 5 Layers

NEEDS PRACTICAL ADAPTATIONNEEDS PRACTICAL ADAPTATION

SESSION / PRESENTATION

LAYERS: Limited Use

SESSION / PRESENTATION

LAYERS: Limited Use

REFERENCES: (1/3)REFERENCES: (1/3)

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

D.E. Commer, Computer Networks and Internet, Prentice Hall, 1997

D.E. Commer, Computer Networks and Internet, Prentice Hall, 1997

A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

K. Washburn, and J. Evans, TCP/IP: Running a Successful Network, 2nd Ed., Addison Wesley, 1996

K. Washburn, and J. Evans, TCP/IP: Running a Successful Network, 2nd Ed., Addison Wesley, 1996

J. S. Quarterman, and S. Carl-Mitchell, The Internet Connection, Addison- Wesley, 1994.

J. S. Quarterman, and S. Carl-Mitchell, The Internet Connection, Addison- Wesley, 1994.

ISO-OSI Protocols


Saad Haj Bakry


W. Stallings, Data and

Computer Communications,

5th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1997

W. Stallings, Data and

Computer Communications,

5th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1997

W. Stallings, High Speed Networks: TCP/IP & ATM Design Principles, Prentice Hall, 1998

W. Stallings, High Speed Networks: TCP/IP & ATM Design Principles, Prentice Hall, 1998

F. Halsall, Data Communications, Computer Networks, & Open Systems, 4th Ed., Addison Wesley, 1996

F. Halsall, Data Communications, Computer Networks, & Open Systems, 4th Ed., Addison Wesley, 1996

ISO-OSI Protocols


Saad Haj Bakry


W. Hioki, Telecommunications,

3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1998

W. Hioki, Telecommunications,

3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1998

T. Russel, Telecommunications Protocols, McGraw Hill, 1997

T. Russel, Telecommunications Protocols, McGraw Hill, 1997

A. Macpherson, International Telecommunication Standards Organizations, Artech House, 1990

A. Macpherson, International Telecommunication Standards Organizations, Artech House, 1990

M van Steen, and H. Sips, Computer & Network Organization, Prentice Hall, 1995.

M van Steen, and H. Sips, Computer & Network Organization, Prentice Hall, 1995.

ISO-OSI Protocols

SUGGESTED WORKSUGGESTED WORK

Saad Haj Bakry


STUDY THE

DETAILS OF

THE OSI PROTOCOLS AT

DIFFERENT

LAYERS

STUDY THE

DETAILS OF

THE OSI PROTOCOLS AT

DIFFERENT

LAYERS

STUDY

PRACTICAL

NETWORKS

PROTOCOL

S AGAINST

OSI

STUDY

PRACTICAL

NETWORKS

PROTOCOL

S AGAINST

OSI

iso-osi p rotocols professor saad haj bakry, phd, ceng, fiee n etwork a rchitecture

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