NO DAN TAJUK MODUL/MODULE NO AND TITLE

MODUL 14 / FIRST AID

NO DAN TAJUK TUGAS/TASK(S) AND TASK STATEMENT

Comply with Safety Rules & Regulations First Aid Treatment

OBJEKTIF PENCAPAIAN PIAWAIAN / TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJEKTIVE

Apply first aid treatment by identifying the nature of injuries using appropriate instrument and procedures so that proper treatment and assistance can be redeemed.

NO. KOD / CODE NO 014 Muka : 1 Drp : 12

TITLE: FIRST AID

PURPOSE:

Trainee will be able to create awareness regarding the importance of first aid and the content

of the first aid kit

INTRODUCTION:

First aid is the provision of limited care for an illness or injury, which is provided, usually by a

lay person, to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed, or

until the illness or injury is dealt with (as not all illnesses or injuries will require a higher level

of treatment). It generally consists of series of simple, sometimes life saving, medical

techniques, that an individual, either with or without formal medical training, can be trained to

perform with minimal equipment.

TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY & TOURISMLakeside CampusNo 1, Jalan Taylors47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor

INFORMATION SHEET

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 2 Drp : 12

FIRST AID SYMBOL

Although commonly associated with first aid, the symbol of a red cross is an official protective

symbol of the Red Cross. According to the Geneva Conventions and other international law, the

use of this and similar symbols is reserved for official agencies of the International Red Cross

and Red Crescent, and as a protective emblem for medical personnel and facilities in combat

situations. Use by any other person or organization is illegal, and may lead to prosecution.

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

First aid is defined as the immediate care given to the victim of an injury or a sudden illness

The person who administers first aid knows that skill in first – aid techniques can mean the

difference between life and death

Only person who are qualified should be permitted to administer first aid.

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FIRST AIDER

In the management of a casuality, your responsibility as a First Aider is to:

Access the situation without endangering your own life

Identify the disease or condition from which the casualty is suffering

Give immediate, appropriate and adequate treatment

Arrange without delay, for the diaposal of casualty to a doctor, hospital or home

according to the seriousness of the casualty condition.

Your responsibility ends when the casualty is handed over to the care of a doctor,

nurseor other appropriate person. You should not leave the incident until you have made

your report to whoever takes charge and have ascertained whether you could be of any

further help.

ISO First Aid Symbol

Red Cross Symbol

NO KOD: 014 Muka :3 Drp : 12

FIRST AID BOX

A first-aid box/kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid, particularly

in a medical emergency. Most first-aid kits contain bandages for controlling bleeding, personal

protective equipment such as gloves and a breathing barrier for performing rescue breathing and

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and sometimes instructions on how to perform first aid.

Contents of a First Aid Box/Kit

One list of items for a first-aid kit are as follows:

Sterile gauze pads, 4 x 4 inches, packaged individually, to stop bleeding (10 pads)

Heavy dressing, called ‘ABD Pad’, for serious bleeding (6 pads)

Gauze bandage to wrap injuries, these are self-adhering but do not stick to the skin (2 rolls)

Adhesive tape in 1 or 2 inch width (1 roll)

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 4 Drp : 12

Cotton swabs to look under the eyelid for a foreign body (1 package)

Scissors, for cutting bandages (1 number) & tweezer

Flashlight

Safety Pin (10 numbers)

Hydrogen Peroxide for clearing small wounds (1 bottle)

Medicated plaster, for covering small cuts (10 pieces)

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 5 Drp : 12

Eye cup, for rinsing eyes ball

Paracetamul & Lozenges

Cotton Balls

Hygiene Gloves ( 2 pairs)

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 6 Drp : 12

MINOR INJURIES & THE TREATMENT USING FIRST AID KIT

Shock

This is the manifestation of changes in which the circulation fails because either the pressure

or volume of circulating blood has fallen o a dangerous level. This is because the blood

flowing to the vital organs is insufficient to keep them supplied with oxygen and functioning.

The body reacts to shock by diverting available blood to the vital organs (e.g. brain, heart and

kidneys) away from less important issues like skin.

It is a serious condition which can prove fatal.

Cause of shock

Severe bleeding – external and internal

Loss of plasma – due to severe burns

Heart failure

Severe abdominal emergencies – ruptured appendix

Loss of body fluid – vomiting, diarrhea

Signs and Symtoms of Shock

Cold clammy skin, pallor, sweating, blurred vision

Vomitting

Thirst

Shallow, rapid breathing

Unconcious

Treatment

Lay casualty down and give assurance

Deal with the underlying cause of shock

Keep the head low and turned to one side and if possible raise lower limbs. If the head is

injured, support the shoulders slightly and move head to one side

Loosen clothing, especially at neck and waist

Do not give anything to drink, if thirsty, just moisten lips with water

Try not to move the casualty, but cover with a blanket

Get casualty to hospital

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 7 Drp : 12

TREATMENT FOR SHOCK

- Do not move victim unnecessarily- Treat any cause you can remedy- Lay him down, keeping his head

low and to one side to lessen the dangers of vomitting

- Raise his legs and rest them n folded clothes (if you suspect a leg fractures)

- Loosen tight clothing at his neck, chest and waist

- Shelter him from extremes of temperature. Keep him comfortable, wrapping a blanket, rug or coat around him if necessary.

- Moisten his lips with water but not to give him anything to drink.

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 8 Drp : 12

Electrical Shock

Switch off current

If not possible, free the person by using a dry insulating material such as cloth, wood or

rubber

Do not use bare hands otherwise the electric shock may be transmitted

If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration

Send for the doctor immediately

Burns & Scalds

Burns are caused by dry heat e.g. fire flame, friction and radiation

Scalds are caused by moist heat e.g. boiling water, hot oil, steam, tar and etc.

General Treatment

Reassure the casualty. Place the injured part under slowly running cold water immerse it

in cold water for at least 10 minutes. If no water available, use any cold, harmless liquid

such as milk or beer instead.

Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes or other contricting clothing from the

injured area before it starts to swell.

Dress the area with clea, preferably sterile, non-fluffy material.

If in doubt about the severity of the injury, seek medical aid.

** Do not break blisters, remove any loose skin or otherwise interfere with the injured area** Do not apply lotions, ointments or fat to the injury** Do not use adhesive dressing

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 9 Drp : 12

Bleeding - Controlling

Pad and dress the wound

Do not try to remove large deeply embedded objects

Try and raise the affected part, if possible, if no fracture is apparent

Treatment – Bleeding & Cuts

Apply some form of padding and apply pressure by pressing with fingertips to the wound

for at least 15 minutes

Clear off any dirt or foreign bodies and apply a sterile padded dressing. Secure it firmly.

Fractures

A fractures is a broken or cracked bones

A fractured bone is usually apparent by swelling at the site of the fracture, tenderness,

deformity of the limb, loss of movement

If possible treat the fracture before moving casualty

Treatment

Avoid moving the casualty

Place the blanket over him to keep him warm

If movement of casualty is necessary, steady and support the injured parts before any

lifting or moving takes place

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 10 Drp : 12

TREATMENT OF MINOR BURNS & SCALDS

- Dress the area with clean, preferably sterile, non fluffy material

- Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes or other contricting clothing from the victim

- Reassure the victim- Place the injured part under slwly

running cold water/immerse in cold water for at least 10 minutes ( to avoid the burning area causing the tissues to continue to ‘cook’)

- If no water available, use any cold harmless liquid like milk or beer.

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 11 Drp : 12

Poisoning

A poison is any substance that, if taken into body in sufficient quantity, can cause

temporary or permanent damage. Whatever the cause of poisoning, medical aid should

always be sought as soon as possible

Never attempts to make the casualty vomit; it is ineffective and you may worsen the

situation.

General Symptom & Signs

Information from the casualty or an onlooker suggesting contact with a poison. Try to find

out exactly what was involved and, if swallowed, when and how much was taken.

Casualty may be delirious and have convulsions

Possible frothing at the mouth

Unconciousness may develop

If poison was swallowed, casualty may begin retching or vomiting or suffer from diarrhea.

General Treatment

Quickly ask the conscious casualty what happen, remember he may loose concoiusness

at any time

If his lips or mouth show signs of burning, cool them by giving him water or milk to sip

slowly

Place him in the Recovery Position, even if he is not unconscious

If conciousness is lost, follow the ABC of Resuscitation immediately

Arrange urgent removal to hospital. Send with him any samples of vomit and any

containers such as bottles or pill boxes found nearby.

NO KOD: 014 Muka : 12 Drp : 12

QUESTION

1. What is first aid?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

2. List down 3 responsibilities of the first aiders.

a. ________________________________________________________

b. ________________________________________________________

c. ________________________________________________________

3. State the function of these items:

a) Sterile gauze pads : ________________________________________

b) Hydrogen Peroxide : ________________________________________

c) ABD pad : ________________________________________________

4. What are the different between burns and scalds?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. State 3 symptom of shock

a. __________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________

c. __________________________________________________________

6. Why we cannot try to make the victim to vomit in poisoning case?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________