� Is it possible to see atoms? •  No

� How do we know about them? •  Through experiments

� What is the relationship between atoms and molecules? •  Atoms make up molecules

� Diagram the particles in each of the states of matter.

� What are the two limitations to using models to represent atoms? •  The electrons are really far away from the

nucleus •  The electrons don’t move in circles

� Why has our knowledge of the structure of the atom changed over time? •  We’ve done more experiments with better

technology � How long has it taken to develop our

current model of the atom? •  Hundreds or thousands of years

� Is our model exactly like what the atom is really like? •  No

� What is the volume of this rectangle? •  20 x 3 x 6 = 360 cm3

� The density is 180/360 = 0.5 g/cm3 � It will float because it is less dense than

water

� Which is more dense? •  The rubbing alcohol because it is on the bottom

� Volume = 60 – 30 = 30 cm3 � The density is 120/30 = 4 g/cm3

� What would happen to the density if you increased the mass of the rock in question 8? •  It would increase (it would be more dense)

� What would happen to the density if you increased the volume? •  It would decrease

� What evidence is there that particles of matter are constantly moving? •  Food coloring spreads out in water •  Air freshener molecules spread out in a room

� What happens to the movement of particles of matter when they are heated? •  They speed up

�  What happens to the volume of particles when they are heated? •  It increases – it spread out more

� What happens to the sidewalks on a hot summer day? •  They expand – the cracks would get smaller

� If a balloon drops to the ground when released, what does that tell you about its density? •  It is more dense than the air

� What if it rises? •  It is less dense than the air

� You measure the mass of 100 ml of water to be 100g. What is the density of water? •  1 g/ml

� You measure the mass of 100 ml of air to be 1 g. What is the density of air? •  0.01 g/ml

� A bottle containing sand, silt, clay, and water is shaken up. Draw what the bottle would look like after the shaking stops.

� Which particles will be suspended? •  The silt and clay

� Where would you expect to find sand deposits on a curve in a river? •  On the inside

� Why? •  Because that is where the water moves slowest

� Draw a model of the earth with each layer labeled.

� Cell Wall – supports and protects the cell � Cell membrane – allows stuff in and out

of the cell � Nucleus – contains information for

building things in the cell � Chloroplast – makes food in plant cells � Cytoplasm – it is a thick substance that

everything is floating in

� If you observed a human cell and a cell from a plant, what two differences would you see? •  The plant cells would have a cell wall and

chloroplasts

� What is the process called that moves oxygen (or any molecule) in or out of the cell? •  Diffusion

� Which way will the oxygen move in this example?

�  100 oxygen molecules outside �  50 oxygen molecules

� What part of a cell produces energy from food? •  Mitochondria

� What part makes food? •  Chloroplasts

� Put the levels of organization in order from most simple to most complex. •  Cells •  Tissues •  Organs •  Organ systems •  Organisms

� What level of organization is represented by each of the following? •  Heart - organ •  Muscle - tissue •  Cactus - organism

� Every cell needs oxygen and food to survive. We also need to get rid of waste. What three organ systems are most responsible for distributing food and oxygen to every cell in our body and then removing waste products? •  Respiratory – obtains oxygen and gets rid of carbon

dioxide •  Circulatory – transports oxygen, food, and carbon

dioxide •  Digestive – breaks down food and sends it to the

blood stream

� What tissues and cells make up a heart? •  Nervous tissue, muscle tissue, blood tissue,

nerve cells, muscle cells, red blood cells � What organ system is a heart a part of?

•  The circulatory system

� Indicate whether the following are inherited traits or acquired traits.

� Eye color - Inherited � Piano playing ability - Acquired � Ability to read - Acquired � Height - inherited � Right handedness - Acquired

Sexual Asexual

Number of parents 2 1

Variation in offspring A lot of variation Exactly the same

Examples Most animals and plants Bacteria, yeast

� What three things does an organism need to do to survive as a species? •  Get food •  Avoid predators •  Reproduce

� How do these three traits help the organism survive? •  Body structure � Help them get food or escape (ex: hollow bones

help birds fly) •  Teeth structure � Help them get food or escape (ex: A cow’s flat

teeth grind up grass) • Coloration � Hide from predators or prey, attract a mate

� In what environment would white coloration be helpful to survival of an organism? •  In an environment with lots of snow

� In what environment would it not be helpful? •  In a green forest

� What is mimicry? •  When one organism copies what another

organism does to avoid predators or get food

� What is hybridization? •  Mixing two different traits from two different

parents

� How do dairy farmers use breeding to increase milk production? •  They only allow cows that produce a lot of milk

to reproduce so their offspring will produce a lot of milk.

� Divide the following into two groups based on similarities. Then divide them into three groups based on different criteria..

�  Paper, rabbit, horse, plant, fried chicken, rock, water

Living Non-living or once-living

Plant Horse Rabbit

Paper Fried chicken Rock Water

Things that are plants or from plants

Things that have never been living

Things that are animals

Paper Plant

Water Rock

Rabbit Horse Fried chicken

� What is the difference between living, nonliving, and once living? •  Living – has all 6 characteristics of living things •  Non-living – has never been alive •  Once-living – used to be alive

� 37. What kind of characteristics should be used to classify living things? •  Physical characteristics (not behaviors)

Kingdom Characteristics Examples

Protista Leftover kingdom Amoeba, diatoms, brown algae

Fungi Absorbs nutrients from surroundings Cell wall made of chitin

Mushrooms, yeast

Plantae Makes its own food Cell wall and chloroplasts

Trees, flowering plants, mosses, green algae

Animalia Eats to get energy No cell wall

Reptiles, sponges, anemones, mammals, insects

� 39. Aristotle divided all living things into only two kingdoms. Why do we have more than two kingdoms now? •  We’ve discovered new organisms that aren’t

plants or animals

� 40. How has technology helped us to classify organisms? •  It helps us to observe organisms more closely,

especially microscopic organisms and looking at DNA

� List 5 organisms that are NOT classified as plants or animals •  Mushrooms •  Yeast •  Bacteria •  Diatoms •  Amoebas •  Brown algae

� List the levels of classification in order from most general to most specific. •  Domain •  Kingdom •  Phylum •  Class •  Order •  Family •  Genus •  Species

� Which level of classification has the most different kinds of organisms in it? •  Domain

� Which level has the least? •  Species