is 9244-1 (1979): code of practice for storage and use of
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IS 9244-1 (1979): Code of practice for storage and use oftextile mill leather accessories - Pickers [TXD 14:Machinery for Fabric Manufacture]
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
STORAGE AND USE OF TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ACCESSORIES
PART I PICKERS
Textile Mill Leather Articles Sectional Committee, TDC 21
Chairman
SIIRI NAVIN C. DOSHI
Members
SHRI N. G. KAMAT SHRI J. L. MASCAVENHAS
SERI S. A. BANDEKAR
SHRI I. N. RAO ( Alternate ) SHRI E. P. BRARUCHA DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( LEATHER ),
SYALL INDUSTRIES SERVILE INSTITUTE, BOMBAY
DIRECTOR or TECHNICAL EDU- CATION
PRINCIPAL, INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE TECRNOLOQY, MADRAS ( Alternate )
SERI A. K. GANWJLI
SERI R. S. GIXOSH
SHRI J. S. BIST ( Altevuzte ) _ -
Representing
Association of Merchants & Manufacturers of Textile Stores & Machinery ( India ), Bombay
Alternntes to Shri Navin C. Doshi
The Millowners’ Association, Bombay; and The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd. Bombay
The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd, Bombay Government of Maharashtra Office of the Development Commissioner ( Small
Scale Industries ), New Delhi
Government of Tamil Nadu
Indian Jute Industries’ Calcutta
Research Association,
Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi
SERI I. JAIKA J Tullis, Woodroffe & Co Ltd, Madras SHRI P. V. RATNAM ( Alternate,
SHRI A. JALIL The Tannery and Footwear Corporation of India Ltd, Kanpur
SHRI C. D. C. KARAKA Pickers Ltd, Ahmadabad SHRI I. M. MANSURI The All India Picker and Textile Leather Manu-
facturers’ Association. Ahmadabad
( Continued on pap 2 )
@ Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Co&right Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
1$ : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
SFIRI S. P. PANDIT The Western India Tanneries Ltd, Bombay SBRI R. G. PARIKH Hides and Leather Products Private Ltd,
Ahmadabad SHRI V. B. PRATAP The Ahmedabad Millowners’ Association,
Ahmadabad Sam B. K. BARDHAN ( Alternate )
SHRI T. RAMACHANDYA RAO Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay San1 P. K. GANQOPADRYAYA ( Alternate )
SRRI BANRARU SWAMY CenttrMldr~;ather Research Institute ( CSIR ),
SRBI W. N. PANDAV ( Alternate ) SHRI C. G. VENEATARAMANAN Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,
Ahmadabad SHRI P. D. KIMOTEI ( Alternate )
SHBI K. B. VORA The Textile & Allied Industries Research Organisa- tion, Vadodara
SHRI U. C. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. M. CHAKRABORTY, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojicio Member )
Director ( TCX )
Secretary
SHRI S. M. AURORA Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1
Leather Articles for Weaving Subcommittee, TDC 21 : 1
Convener
SHRI I. M. MANSURI Tbc All India Picker and Textile Leather Manufac- turers’ Association, Ahmadabad
Members
SHRI C. D. C. KARAKA ( Alternate to Shri I. M. Mansuri )
SHRI S. P. PANDIT The Western India Tanneries Ltd, Bombay SERI S. A. BANDEEAR The Millowners’ Association, Bombay SERI T. S. K. MAEADEVAN Central Leather Research Institute ( CSIR ),
Madras SHRI J. K. KRANNA ( Alternate )
SHRI K. B. VORA The Textile & Allied Industries Research Organisa- tion. Vadodara
’ SHRI U. C. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI I. JAIRAJ Gord;adEodroffe & Co ( Madras ) Private Ltd,
SHRI P. V. RATNAM ( Alternate ) SHRI M. K. MEETA The Ahmedabad
Ahmadabad Millowners’ Association,
SHRI P. F. GUPTA ( Alternafc )
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
STORAGE AND USE OF TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ACCESSORIES
PART I PICKERS t
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part I ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 20 August 1979, after the draft finalized by the Textile Mill Leather Articles Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.
0.2 Since both duration and type of seasoning affect the life of pickers, it is recommended that the sequence ’ drying, steeping in oil, and drying’ should be followed to obtain longer life from them.
0.3 There are different procedures being adopted by various users for seasoning of the pickers before use. This standard lays down a recom- mended procedure for seasoning for guidance of the industry. Through the implementation of this standard it is intended to cut down the inventory of the textile mills on this account, since it would enable them buy pickers ready for use.
0.4 To familiarize the industry with International System ( SI ) units, the basic SI units as well as the recommended SI units for use in the textile industry are given in Appendix A.
0.4.1 The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 also stipulates use of ST units.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part I ) provides guidance on storage and use of raw hide leather pickers for textile looms including those used in jute mills.
2. RECOMMENDATIONS ON STORAGE AND SEASONING
2.1 First Drying - The pickers should be hung in a cool dry place till they are completely dry and free from moisture. To ensure quicker and
3
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) l 1979
smoother drying, the pickers should not be overcrowded. It is important to note that a damp picker should never be put in oil as the dampness resists the absorption of oil with the result that the oil does not reach the core of the picker.
2.2 Steeping in Oil
2.2.1 The pickers should be placed in oil. Sperm, gallipoli and neats- foot oils are recommended in the given order of preference.
NOTE - Vegetable oils oontain moisture and as such are not suitable for steeping while mineral oils ruin the natural grease of hides thereby rendering them brittle.
2.2.2 Time for steeping in oil varies from a minimum of two months to twelve months. Whether or not steeping in oil is sufficient can be checked by holding a picker against direct sunlight. Generally, longer steeping in oil is found to impart longer life to the pickers.
NOTE l- Accelerated steeping by pressure or vacuum method is also recom- mended though, generally, the picker manufacturers in the small scale industrial sector can hardly afford it. The time required in case of pressure steeping, which is more common method, is two weeks. Care shall be taken, however, to ensure that the staples do not get broken while the pickers are subjected to high pressure during this process.
NOTE 2 - Generally it is presumed that when the picker becomes transluscent the steeping is complete. Actually transparency/transluscency test is indicative of the degree of deliming rather than of steeping.
2.2.3 It is advisable to have the steeping vats with perforated false bottoms so that any water or foreign matter that settles from the oil can get away, otherwise the lower strata of pickers may be steeping in water rather than,in oil.
2.3 Second Drying - The pickers should then be taken out and the oil allowed to drip off. The pickers should be hung in a dry place till they are completely dry. They should be given sufficient time to harden up after steeping in oil. If oil has not dripped off completely, the picker flies off while in use on the loom. It is also likely to stain the loomstate cloth.
2.4 The greatest enemy of leather pickers is moisture and it is essential to see that they are not affected by it while in transit or storage. As a ruIe they should be stored in a cool and dry place,
2.4.1 It has been experienced that atmospheric moisture for a consider- able period has an adverse effect on the life of leather pickers; it is suggested to store the pickers in containers having small quantity of anhydrous silica gel for moisture absorption either during transit or storage.
4
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
2.4.2 To avoid fungus problem in the storage of vegetable-tanned leather products, use of p-nitrophenol during tanning is recommended. In the case of chrome-tanning this problem does not arise.
2.5 The process of seasoning of pickers should be completed by the picker manufacturers before pickers are supplied to the textile mills. This will greatly help the mill management to minimize the store inventory and additional cost involved in seasoning. Further, seasoning by manufacturers ensures uniformity in quality.
2.6 It is recommended that each picker should be packed in evacuated and sealed polyethylene bag. The individually packed pickers should be put in a sealed tin container to facilitate easy handling and stacking at mills, and to prevent their deterioration in storage.
2.7 The spilling of the oil from the pickers, while in use on looms, shall not be permitted.
3. RECOMMENDATIONS ON USAGE AND MAINTENANCE TO ENSURE OPTIMUM LIFE OF PICKERS
3.1 A little oil should be applied to the spindle to prevent the hide from being burnt owing to the heat generated by friction while the picker is propelled on the spindle.
3.2 The shuttle box setting should be so adjusted that the shuttle strikes the centre of the mark embossed on the picker for the purpose.
3.3 Shuttle momentum should be well checked by swell springs, otherwise the picker will deteriorate quickly.
3.4 The correct side ofthe picker should be used to start with ( that is, the wire loop side of the picker should be at the striking side initially and the vertical single line joint facing the weaver ). This side should be changed when the hole at the striking point attains a size equal to that of the nose of shuttle tip, the period for which may be about half the picker life. The manufacturer should indicate this side of the picker through a suitable paint or colour marking.
3.5 When pickers are SO constructed that they can be used with either way of the delivery of the shuttle, it is an advantage to place the hollow side of the picker at front.
3.6 The spindle holes are generally small when the pickers are sent from the factory and are bored out to become suitable for the picker spindle. A spiral drill 0.8 mm more in diameter than the spindle, ensures longer wear life and smooth sliding.
5
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
3.7 The surface of the spindle should be smooth.
3.8 The spindle hole of the picker should never strike of the spindle block/box end plate in the absence of a in over-pick looms.
the metal surface buffer/check strap
3.9 The buffers are meant for saving pickers and have to be soft, springy and resilient. Used pickers as substitute for buffers have quite an adverse effect on pickers. The hard buffers will make the pickers wear out prematurely from spindle hole portion. The buffers made of plastic material are not suitable for use with hide pickers.
3110 The check straps and swell springs are meant for saving the pickers. Besides swell spring, the check straps should also be properly adjusted so as to form a second line of defence.
3.11 To increase the life of pickers a nylon bush or a sintered metal bush may be inserted in the spindle hole. This will avoid rejection of pickers on the ground of worn-out spindle holes. Replacement of the bush is more economical than replacement of the entire picker.
3.11.1 If the nylon bush is not recommended, the picker manufacturers should supply well seasoned pickers with perfectly drilled spindle hole within a tolerance off 0’ I mm of the size of the spindle.
3.11.2 The drilling operation of the spindle hole of the picker to the correct size is difficult at mill level for want of precision drilling machines, tools and workmanship.
6
IS I 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979
APPENDIX A (1 Clause 0.4 )
SI UNITS
TABLE 1 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS
Base Units
QUANTITY
Length
Mass
Time
El ctric current
Thermodynamic temperatur
Luminous intensity
Amount of substance
Supplementary Units
QUANTITY
Plane angle
Solid angle
Derived Units
QUANTITY
Force
Energy
Power
Flux
Flux density
Frequency
Electric conductance
Electromotive force
Pressure, stress
UNIT
metrc
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
candela
mole
UNIT
radian
steradian
UNIT
newton
joule
watt
weber
tesla
hertz
siemens
volt
Pascal
SYMBOL
m
kg S
A
K
cd
mol
SYMBOL
rad
sr
SYMBOL
N
J W
Wb
T
HZ
S
V
Pa
DEBINITION
1 N = 1 kg.m/s*
1 J - 1 N.m
1 w - 1 J/s 1 Wb _ 1 V.s
1 T _ 1 Wb/m*
1 Hz 0 1 c/s (s-1)
1 S-IA/V
1 V = 1 W/A
1 Pa - 1 N/m’
7 .p‘
,. k
IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - -1979
TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED SI UNITS FOR TEXTILES
SL CEARA~TEEISTIO No.
(1) (2) 1) Length
2) Width
3) Thickness
4) Linear density
5) Diameter
6) Circumference
7) Threads in fabric:
a) Lengthwke
b) Widthw$e
8) Warp threads in loom
9) Sti;b&; in knitted
a) Lengthwb
b) Widthwise
SE UNIT(S) Il-~-_---)
Unit(s) Abbreviation(s)
APPLIOATION
(3) Millimetre Millimetre,
centimetre Metre
Millimetre Centimetre Millimetre,
centimetre Centimetre, metre
Micrometre ( micron )
Millimetre
Tex Millitrx Decitex Kilotex
Micrometre ( micron )
Millimetre
Millimetre
Number per centimetre
Number per decimetre
Number per centimetre
Number per decimetre
Number per centimrtre
Courses per centimetre
Courses per decimetre
Wales per centimctre
Wales per decimetre
(4) mm mm, cm
m
mm cm mm, cm
cm, m
Pm
mm
tex mtex dtex ktcx
cLm
mm
mm
ends/cm
ends/dm
picks/cm
picks/dm
ends/cm
(5) Fibres Samples, test specimens
( as appropriate) Yarns, ropes, cordages,
fabrics
Narrow fabrics Other fabrics Samples, test specimens
(as appropriate ) Carpets, druggets, DURRIES
( as appropriate )
Delicate fabrics
Other fabrics, carpets, felts
Yarns Fibres Filaments, filament yarns Slivers, ropes cordages
Fibres
Yarns ropes, cordagcs
Ropes, cordages
Woven fabrics (as appropriate )
Reeds
Knitted fabrics appropriate )
( as
courses/cm
courses/tlm
wales/cm
walesjdm
( Conrinurd )
8
IS : 9244 ( Part I) - 1979
TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED SI UNITS FOR TEXTILES - Contd
SL CHARACTERISTIC No.
SE UNIT(S) ?- L
Unit(s) Abbreviation;)
(1) (2)
10) Stitch length
11) Mass per unit area
12) Mass per unit length
13) Twist
(3)
Millimetre
14) Test or gauge length
Grams per square metre
Grams per metre
Turns per centi- metre
Turns per metre
Millimetre, centi- metre
15) Breaking load Millinewton
16) Breaking length
17) Tenacity
18) Twist factor or twist multiplier
19) Bursting strength
20) Tear strength
21) Pile height
22) Pile density
23) Elastic modulus
Newton
Kilometre
Millinewton per tex
Turns per centi- metre X square root of tex
Turns per metre x square root of tex
Newton p er square centi- metre
Millinewton Newton
Millimetre
Mass of pile yarn in grams per square metre per millimetre
(4)
mm
g/m’
g/m turns/cm 1
) turns/m J
mm, cm
mN
N
km
mN/tex
APPLICATION
(5)
Knitted fabrics Made-up fabrics
Fabrics
Fabrics
Yarns, ropes appropriate )
( as
Fibre,. yarn and fabric spectmens priate )
( as appro-
Fibres, delicate yarns (individual or skeins )
Strong yarns ( individual OX- skeins ),. cordages, fabrrcs
ropes,
Yarns
Fibres, yarns ( individual or skeins )
turns/cm -1 x dtex 1
turns/m k Yarns (as appropriate )
x 4Xx I J
N/cm2 Fabrics
mN N
Fabrics ( as appropriate )
mm Carpets
g/m*/mm Pile carpets pile height
pile height Millinewton per mN/tex/ Fibres, yarns, strands
tex per unit unit deformation deform-
ation
9
INDIAN STANDARDS
ON
TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ARTICLES
IS:
1225-1972 Leather picking bands for looms (J;rsr revision )
1619-1976 Buffer band for cop-changing automatic looms (&r rcvirion )
1737-1976 Spring buffers for cotton looms (Jirst revision )
1903-1977 Recommendations on shape and dimensions of jute loom pickers (Jirst revision )
1906-1977 Recommendation for shape,and dimensions of 4B pickers ( second rcuision )
3446-1977 Leather aprons for drafting systems (first revision )
8545-1977 Loom pickers 8546-1977 Requirements for leather or raw-hide exclusively used in the manufacture of
pickers
8547-1977 Recommendations on shape and dimensions of single box picker for automatic looms
8974-1978 Aprons ( combing leathers ) for gill box used on worsted machinery
8975-1978 Aprons ( combing leathers ) for french combs used on worsted machinery
9244 ( Part I )-1979 Code of practice for storage and use of textile mill leather accessories: Part I Pickers
9244 (Part II )-I979 Code of practice for storage and use of textile mill leather accessories: Part II Picking bands