Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 4639-1 (2000): Petroleum Industry - Terminology, Part 1:Raw Materials and Products [PCD 3: Petroleum, Lubricantsand their Related Products]

IS 4639 (Part 1) :20001S01998-1 :1998

Indian Standard

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY —TERMINOLOGYPART 1 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

(First Revision )

ICS 10.040.75; 75.080

0 BIS 2000

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

September 2000 Price Group 6

Petroleum Products Sectional Committee, PCD 3

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 1) (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 1998-1 :1998 ‘Petroleumindustry —Terminology — Part 1 : Raw materials and products’ issued by the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation ofPetroleum Products Sectional Committee and approval of the Petroleum, Coal and Related ProductsDivision Council.

This standard was first published in 1968 with a view to eliminate the ambiguity arising from differentinterpretations of terms used in petroleum trade and industry and to establish a generally recognizedterms. Since the industry has progressed manifolds over the years, need was felt to bring innewer terms. The Committee, therefore decided to revise this standard to completely align withISO 1998-1 :1998 under the dual numbering system. Accordingly, the title has been changed as‘Petroleum industry — Terminology : Part 1 Raw materials and products’.

It is envisaged to issue this standard in eight different parts, each dealing with a specific aspect. Theother parts in this series are as under:

Part 2 Properties and tests

Part 3 Exploration and production

Part 4 Refining

Part 5 Transport, storage, distribution

Part 6 Measurement

Part 7 Miscellaneous terms

Part 8 General and index

The English version of the text of ISO standard has been retained without deviations for publication asIndian Standard. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

,

For tropical countries like India, the standard temperature and the relative humidity shall be taken as27 ~ 20C and 65 * 5 percent respectively.

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

PETROLEUMPART 1

1 Scope

hdian Standard

INDUSTRY — TERMINOLOGYRAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

~ First Revision)

This part of ISO 1998 consists of a list of Englishterms, in use in the petroleum industry to indicateraw materials or petroleum products, togetherwith the corresponding definitions in the twolanguages.

ISO 1998 is intended to cover the purposes ofthe part of the petroleum industry dealing withcrude oils and petroleum products, that means allrelated operations arising from the production fieldto the final user. It is not intended to cover eitherpetroleum equipment, or any operation in the field.However, some pieces of equipment or someoperations of exploration and production arede:ined. The corresponding terms were introducedonly when they appear in a definition of a productor process and when their definition was foundnecessary for understanding or for avoiding anyambiguity. Where a terminology of petroleumequipment is needed, it corresponds to the scopeof ISO/TC 67, A4aferia/s, equipment and offshorestructures for petroleum and rratural gasirrdustries.

2 Normative reference

The following standard contains provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisioilsof this International Standard. At the time ofpublication, the edition indicated was valid. Alls?andards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this International Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplying the most recent edition of the standardindicated below. Members of IEC and ISOmaintain regidtds of current!y valid InternationalStandards.

/S0 1998-99:—1) Petroleum indusfry——Terminology—fart 99: General and index.

——

1) To be published

3 Term numbering

The general classification and numbering systemused in ISO 1998 employs digits grouped in threecategories:

X.yy,zzz

where

x

YY

is the part number of ISO 1998, in thiscase Part 1;

is the subcategory in which the termappears. Part 1 has 12 subcategories:

05

15

20

30

40

60

70

75

80

90

95

99

zzz is the serial number of the individua! term.

crude petroleum and feedstocks forrefineries

gaseous products

light distillates and intermediaryproducts

marine fuels

bitumen and related products

middle viscosity products, lubricantsand related products

heavy distillates and residues

paraffins and related products

solid and semi-solid products

additives

miscellaneous

acronyms

4 Index

See ISO 1998-99.

5 Order of listing

Terms are listed in serial number order.

1.05 Crude petroleum and feedstocks forrefineries

1.05.000petroleummaterial consisting of, or derived from, a mixture

.-

1

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

of liquid or semi-solidprincipally hydrocarbons

1.05.005crude oil

organic compounds,

naturally occurring form of petroleum, mainlyoccurring in a porous underground formation suchas sandstone

1.05.010paraffinic crudecrude oil consisting essentially of paraffinichydrocarbons and aromatic and naphthenic ringcompounds with paraffinic side chains

NOTE Such crude may contain a high proportion of solid,waxy material at ambient temperature.

1.05.020

asphaltic crudeheavy crude oil containing a high proportion ofasphaltenes, aromatics and naphthenes, andwhich yields a residue suitable for the manufactureof bitumens

1.05.030naphthenic base crudecrude oil containing a substantial proportion ofnaphthenes (cycloparaffins) in some or all of thedistillation fractions and residues

1.05.040aromatic crudecrude oil with a higher content of aromatichydrocarbons than is generally found

1.05.050mixed crudeintermediate crudecrude oil whose atmospheric distillates contain ahigher than normal proportion of aromaticcompounds

1.05.060sour crudecrude oil containing a significant amount ofcorrosive sulfur compounds

1.05.070non-corrosive crudesweet crudecrude oii having acompounds suchmercaptans

low content of volatile sulfur

as hydrogen sulfide and

2

1.05.080reduced crudeproduct obtained after removal, by atmosphericdistillation, of the light components of crude oil

1.05.90topped crudelong residuecrude oil which has been freed of gases, gasoline,kerosine and gas oil

1.05.100feedstockprimary material introduced into a plant forprocessing

1.05.110natural gas condensateliquid fractions produced during cooling andpressure operations in the production of marketednatural gas

1.05.120shale oilmineral oil obtained by the pyrolysis of oil-shale

1.05.122

asphaltic sandsbituminous sandsoil sandstar sandssands impregnated with bitumen which can beextracted by a solvent

1.05.130synthetic crudeliquid hydrocarbons suitable for use as feedstockto primary refinery processing units as a substitutefor crude oil, which may include, or be totallycomposed of, liquids from non-petroleum origin.

1.05.150slopsslopslop oilpetroleum products that are contaminated oroutside specification and require further treatment,reprocessing to make them suitable for use, ordisposal

1.15 Gaseous products

1.15.001natural gasgaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane) from

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

underground deposits, the production of whichmay be associated with that of crude petroleum

NOTE The gas is described as “wet” or “dry” according tothe proportion of readily condensable hydrocarbons that itcontaij’ - This term also applies to the purified product.

1.15.005

liquefied natural gas

natural gas maintained in the liquid state byincreasing pressure or lowering temperature, tofacilitate its storage and transportation

1.15.010

dry gas

gas that is free from liquid components under the

conditions of pressure and temperature at whichit is obtained or intended for use

1.15.020

sour gas

gas containing organic sulfur compounds that has

a tendency to corrode metal equipment with whichit comes into contact under normal processing

conditions

1.15.030

refinery gas

gas originating in the processing of crude petro-leum or feedstocks and comprising principally

hydrocarbons .

1.15.040

tail gas

gas produced as a minor component during

refinery processing and normally disposed of as

fuel gas

1.15.050

bottled gasliquefied petroleum gas stored under pressure in

suitable containers

1.15.060

commercial butane

mixture of hydrocarbons consisting essentially of

butanes and butenes

1.15.070commercial propanemixture of hydrocarbons consisting essentially of

propane and propene

1.15.080

liquefied petroleum gas

mixture of light hydrocarbons, consisting pre-

dominately of propane, propene, butanes and

butenes, that may be stored and handled in the

liquid phase under moderate conditions of

pressure and at ambient temperature

1.20 Light distillates and intermediateproducts

—

1.20.000distillateany product obtained by condensation of thevapours of a petroleum product when it is distilledunder atmospheric pressure or under reduced

pressure

NOTE In the first case, the product is called an atmospheric

distillate and, in the second case, a vacuum distillate.

1.20.002overhead

overhead productmost volatile fraction of the feedstock, which

passes out of the top of a distillation column

1.20.003

atmospheric distillatecf. distillate (1 .20.000)

1.20.004vacuum distillate

cf. distillate (1.20.000)

1.20.010

condensateliquid product resulting from the condensation ofa vapour

1.20.011

extract

solvent-soluble component obtained from a

petroleum distillate in a liquid-liquid solventextraction process

1.20.015raffinatesolvent-insoluble component obtained from apetroleum distillate in a liquid-liquid solventextraction process

3

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

1.20.020alkylateliquid hydrocarbon obtained from an alkylationprocess

1.20.030light distillatenaphthas and gasolines boiling below 230”C atnormal atmospheric pressure, and with a closed-cup flash point below ambient temperature

1.20.040middle distillatekerosines and gas oils boiling between approxi-mately 1500C and 400”C at ncrrnal atmosphericpressure and having a closed-cup flash pointabove 380C

1.20.050lubricating oil distillatecut having a distillation range and viscosity suchthat, after refining, it yields lubricating oil

1.20.060heavy distillatedistillate boiling predominately above 350”Cat normal atmospheric pressure, it includes the

1.20.121

domestic kerosinekerosine designed for use on the domestic and

commercial markets, generally for heating, lightingand cooking

1.20.122

aviation kerosinekerosine designed for use in aviation gas turbines

cf. kerosine-type jet fuel (1.20.161) —.

1.20.130gas-oilfuel oil US

middle distillate fuel, which may contain someheavy distillate for specified applications

NOTE This distillate can be used to formulate automotivegas-oil (1 .20.131), heating gas-oils (1 .20.132) and marinedistillate fuels (1 .30.010)

1.20.131automatize gas-oildiesel fuelgas-oil that has been specially formulated for usein medium and high-speed diesel engines, mostlyused in the transportation market

heaviest fractions from atmospheric distillation,together with the distillate fractions obtained by

NOTE His often referred to as “automotive diesel fuel”.

vacuum distillation1.20.132 .heating gas-oil

1.20.070waxy distillate

gas-oil that has been formulated for use in

distillate (normally vacuum) containing a relativelydomestic, commercial and industrial continuous-

Iarge amount of paraffin waxcombustion applications

NOTE It is often referred to as “heating oil” or “distillate fuel

1.20.080oil”.

cracked distillate1.20.140

unrefined distillate produced by cracking (cf.4.30.010, 4.30.020, 4.30.030, 4.30,040, 4.30.050

natural gasoline

and 4.30.300)casing head gasolinelow-boiling liquid petroleum product extracted frum

1.20.101special-boiling-point spiritfraction of petroleum naphtha having a relativelynarrow distillation range and special treated forparticular applications

1.20.120kerosinedistillate having a volatility intermediate betweenthat of gasoline and gasoil, with a closed flashpoint above 38°C

natural gas

NOTE In its “wild”or unstabilized condition, it contains fairlyhigh proportions of propane and butane. The removal of thepropane yields a stabilized gasoline.

1.20.141sweet gasolinegasoline that contains negligible amounts ofhydrogen sulfide and mercaptans and so gives anegative reaction in the doctor test.

cf. doctor test (2.1 0.1 40)

4

1.20.142

sour gasolines

gasoline fraction that contains mercaptans andor hydrogen sulfide in quality leading to a positivereaction in the doctor test.

cf. doctor test (2.1 0.140)

1.20.143motor gasolinegasoline US

petrol GBgasoline with or without additives, notably

antiknock agents and inhibitors, for use as a fuelin automobile, stationary and other spark-ignition

engines, except aircraft engines

1.20.144

aviation gasolinegasoline for use as a fuel in spark-ignition aviation

engines and having a distillation range usuallywithin the limits of 30 ‘C and 180 “C

1.20.145

straight-run gasolinedistillate fraction, normally boiling within the range30 ‘C to 220 “C, obtained by the atmosphericdistillation of crude petroleum

1.20.146petroleum spirit

Stoddard solvent US

special-boiling-point spirit (1 .20.101) com-

monly used in laboratory applications, having highvolatility and low aromatics content

NOTE 1 The most commonly used grades have a boilingrange of 40 “C to 60 “C or of 60 “C to 80 “C.

NOTE 2 Historically, petroleum spirit was also used todescribe automotive gasoline (1.20.143).

1.20.150

straight-run productvirgin productproduct obtained from crude oil by distillation

without change to the structure of the componentmolecules

1.20.160jet fuelpetroleum distillate used as a source of energy in

systems of jet propulsion and by extension, fuelsuitable for use in aircraft gas turbines

5

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000!S0 1998-1:1998

1.20.161kerosine-type jet fuelaviation gas turbine fuel having a distillation range

which normally falls between 150*C and 300”C

1.20.162high-flash-point jet fuelaviation gas turbine fuel having a distillation rangewhich normally falls between 175°C and 300°Cand a closed flash point above 60”C

1.20.163wide cut jet fuelaviation fuel composed of kerosine and naphthafractions, with a boiling range between 30°C and300”C, and a closed flash point substantially below38°C

1.20.170

white spiritsolvent of mineral origin, usually distilling between130”C and 220”C

1.20.180naphthalight distillate containing no additive, having adistillation range similar to gasoline

1.20.190

petroleum etherhistorical term, nowspirit (1.20.1 46)

1.20.200

benzine

designated as petroleum

used in some countries for straight-run gasoline,not to be confused with benzene

1.30 Marine fuels

1.30.000marine fuelpetroleum fuel used for marine applications

NOTE There are two categories of marine fuels : marinedistillate fuels (1.30.010) and marine residual fuels(1.30.020).

1.30.010

marine distillate fuelsgas oil and diesel fuel of petroleum origin meetinginternational limits on the flash point of fuels for

marine use

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

NOTE ~he heavier grades may Ccm?ain Sma!i amOWltS Of

residuum.

1.30.020marine residual fuelpetroleum fuels containing residues of distillationprocesses that meet international limits on theflash point of fuels for marine use

1.30.030bunker fuelsbunkersIiauid fuels for ships, usually heavy residual fuels

1.40 Bitumen and related products

i .40.000bitumenasphalt USvery viscous or nearly salk], virtually involatile,adhesive and waterproofing material derived fromcrude petroleum, or present in natural bitumen,which is completely or nearly completely solublein toluene and completely soluble in carbondisuifkfe

NOTE In the USA, “asphalt” is used for “bitumen” whereasit is wsed in the UK for a bilumirwtis mixture.

1.40.010paving bitumenkitulmen used to coat mineral aggregate for useiri the construction and maintenance of pavedsurfaces and hydraulic works

NOTE In Europe, the Inost-tised grades of paving DitumenaI E de!lned by their neecl!e penetration, up to a maximumvalue of 9’00 x 1/10 mm. Grades s~ofterthan this are classifiedby their viscosity.

?.4!3.011

saft grade bitumen:>~.,,inq bitumen used in the manufacture of low

f.!iffness asphalt

N(J?E In Europe, grades of soft grade bitumen tire definedby Mar wscosity at 6rPC.

:40.920modified bitumenbitumeri whose rheulogicai properties have beenmodified d~uring manufacture by the use ofchemical agents

NOTE In this context, “chemical agent” includes naturalrubber, synthetic polymers, sulfur and certain organo-metalliccompounds, but not oxygen or oxidation ‘-catalysts”, such asferric chloride, phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide.Fibres and inorganic powders (“fillers”) are not considered

to be bitumen modifiers. Modified bitumens maybe employed“directly” or in the form of cut-backs or emulsions, or blendedwith, fourexample, natural bitumen.

1.40.021

polymer-modified bitumenmodified bitumen in which the

one or more organic polymers

1.40.030industrial bitumen

modifier used is

bitumen used for purposes other than constructionor maintenance of paved surfaces and hydraulicworks

NOTE Some grades of bitumen are used in both paving andindustrial applications, e.g. certain penetration-gradedbitumens are [ised for industrial purposes such as in themanufacture of waterproofing membranes.

1.40.031

oxidized bitumenblown bitumenbitumen whose theological properties have beensubstantially modified by reaction with air atelevated temperature, with or without catalyst

1.40.033

hard grade bitumenbitumen possessing hard and brittle characteris-tics at ambient temperature

1.40.035special bitumenbitumen for which the process selected hasconferred special properties which meet require-ments for paving or industrial applications

1.40.040

cut-back bitumenbitumen whose viscosity has been reduced by theaddition of a relatively volatile flux

NOTE Typically, white spirit and kerosine are the petroleumfluxes employed.

1.40.050

fluxed bitumenbitumen whose viscosity has been reduced by

addition of a low volatility flux oil

!W3TE A petroleum-fluxed bitumen is so called when the flux -oil is of petroleum origin.

1.40.052

fluxfiuid added to another ’10 reduce its viscosity

6

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

NOTE This term embraces relatively volatile distillates usedin the manufacture of cut-backs, to relatively involatile oil usedin the manufacture of fluxed bitumens.

1.40.053flux Qi!relatk Iy involatile oil used in the manufacture offluxed bitumen

1.40.060bitumen emulsiondispersion of bitumen in an aqueous phasecontaining a surfactant

1.40.061emulsifiable bitumen

bitumen suitable for manufacture of bitumenemulsion

cf. bitumen emulsion (1 .40.060)

1.40.070pigmentable bitumenbitumen suitable for manufacture of colouredmixtures by the addition of pigment

1.40.100natural bitumennatural asphalt USrelatively hard bitumen which is virtually solid at25”C, found in natural deposits, often mixed withfine or very fine mineral matter

1.40.250bindermateria! serving to coat the particles of anaggregate and to ass{ire its cohesion

1.40.260hydrocarbon bindergeneric term for an adhesive material containingbitumen or tar or both

NOTE This term is not scientifically precise, in that all of thematerials covered by the term contain non-hydrocarboncomponents. However, the term has been proposed to allowthe term ‘{bituminous” to apply exclusively to non-pyrolysismaterial, i.e. bitumen.

1.40.270bituminous binderadhesive material containing bitumen

NOTE It may be in any of the following forms: unmodified,,modified, oxidized, cut-back, fluxed, emulsified. To avoiduncertainty, whenever possible, the term describing the actualbinder in question should be used.

1.40.300tarviscous, adhesive material produced by thepyrolysis of coal, lignite, wood, etc.

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that the originis coal or similar material. It is never from petroleum origin.

1.40.301tar pitchresidue obtained by distilling tar (1 .40.300)

1.60 Middle viscosity products,lubricants and related products

1.60.000base oiloil, typically boiling in the range 390”C to 600”C, ‘obtained from petroleum by refining, or of syntheticorigin, serving as a base for finished lubricants,usually after the addition of additives

1.60.001mineral oiloil consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons eitheroccurring naturally or obtained by the treatmentof materials of mineral origin

1.60.002pale oiltrade name for a moderately refined base oilproduced generally from a naphthenic crudehaving a pale amber colour

1.60.003neutral oiltrade name covering a refined base oil from aparaffinic crude

1.60.004bright stockhigh viscosity solvent-refined base oil obtained byappropriate refining of a residue

1.60.005cylinder stockbase oil of very high viscosity used as the base oflubricating oil for the cylinders of steam engines

cf. cylinder oil (1.60.160)

1.60.010lubricating oiloil, usually refined, primarily intended to reducefriction between moving surfaces

7

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

1.60.011 (number followed by the letter W) and a highlubricant temperature SAE viscosity number grade, providedany substance which, when interposed between that the two grade numbers are not identical ortwo surfaces in relative motion, reduces friction consecutive with a difference of at least 15or increases wear resistance

EXAMPLES

1.60.013 5W -20soluble oiloil containing emulsifiers and capable of forming 10 W-300 rlOW -40

stable emulsions or colloidal suspensions in water, (but not 10 W - 20)used particularly for lubrication and cooling inmetal working operations 20 W-400 r20W -50

(but not 20 W -20, or 20 W - 30)1.60.020spindle oillow viscosity lubricating oil intended for lubricatingthe lightly loaded parts of high rotation speedmachines, originally the spindles of textilemachines

1.60.030machine oil

NOTE The Society of Automatize Engineers (SAE) hasestablished four series of grade numbers, based on viscosity.Two of these series, one defined at low temperature and runningfrom SAE O W (minimum viscosity) to SAE 25 W (maximumviscosity) and the other defined at high temperature and runningfrom SAE 20 to SAE 50, are applied to engine oils. The othertwo series are applied to gear oils and do not form continuousseries with the engine oil series. They run from SAE 70 W toSAE 85 W at low temperature and from SAE 90 to SAE 250 at1OO°Cin an analogous manner.

oil used for the lubrication of the lightly loaded1.60.060

moving parts of machines operating at moderatetemperatures

refrigerator oillubricating oil of low pour point used in refrigeration

1.60.040steam turbine oilhighly refined petroleum oil usually containingadditives, used for the lubrication of steam turbinesand having, among other properties, that ofresisting the formation of stable emulsions withwater

1.60.050motor oilengine oillubricating oil used in internal combustion motorand other types of engines

1.60.051detergent oillubricating oil, used normally in internalcombustion engines (cf. 1.60.050), having theproperty of dispersing and of maintaining insuspension both products of deterioration andcontaminants

NOTE This property results from the presence of suitableadditives.

systems

NOTE Four certain types of compressor, compatibility, at lowtemperature, with refrigerant fluids is also an essentialcharacteristic.

1.60.070cutting oillubricating composition, emulsifiable or not, forlubricating and cooling metal-working tools andwork-pieces

1.60.080black oildark-coloured lubricating oil used in certain slow-moving machines

NOTE In some countries, this term also covers residual fuel oils.

1.60.090white oilhighly refined petroleum oil, derived from similarfeedstocks as base oils or from base oils by furtherrefining, that is practically colorless and very lowin sulfur and aromatic compounds

1.60.052 1.60.091

multigrade engine oil liquid paraffin

engine oil which falls simultaneously into a low medicinal oil

temperature SAE viscosity grade classification very highly refined petroleum oil, colorless,

8

odourless and tasteless, used in pharmaceuticalpreparations

1.60.092

spray oilpetroleum product of low viscosity, resembling aIubricahng oil and used, alone or with otheringredients, for pest control in animal or vegetablehusbandry

1.60.100textile oilbatching oilmineral oil used in the textile industry for lubricatingfibres

1.60.110quenching oiloil used for controlled cooling of manufacturedmetallic pieces

1.60.120preservative oiloil used for temporarily coating metal parts in orderto protect them against corrosion

NOTE It usually contains additives.

1.60.130

insulating oiloil having good dielectric properties used inelectrical equipment

1.60.131cable oiloil used for the insulation of electric power cables

NOTE 1 For impregnated paper-insulated cables of the“solid” type, hydrocarbon oils of high viscosity used eitheralone or blended with other materials.

cf. cabie compound (1.60.132)

NOTE 2 For hollow-core “oil-filled” cables, low viscosityhydrocarbon oils or synthetic non-hydrocarbon fluids ofsuitable-characteristics.

1.60.132cable compoundmixture of mineral oil and thickener (petroiatum,resins, polymers, bitumen, etc.) intended for theimpregnation of the insulation of electric cables

1.60.140benzole wash oilbenzole absorbing oiloil used for removing light aromatic hydrocarbons

[S 4639 (Part 1): 2000!S0 1998-1:1998

from coal gas or from coke-oven gas

1.60.150hydraulic fluidfluid of petroleum or non-petroleum origin used inhydraulic systems for transmitting power andproviding lubrication

1.60.151damping fluidiiquid used in hydrauiic clamping devices, usuallyhaving a high viscosity index

1.60.160cylinder oillubricating oil of high viscosity and high f!ash pointprimariiy used for the lubrication of the cylindersand valves of steam engines

cf. cylinder stock (1.60.005)

1.60.170extreme pressure lubricantlubricating oils or greases which contain a sub-stance or substances specifically introduced toprevent or reduce the effects of metal-to-metalcontact in the operation of highly loaded gears andbearings, if necessary by reaction with the metaiduring friction conditions to forma protective film

1.60.180

used oilin petroleum product recycling, oil whose charac-teristics have changed since being originallymanufactured, and which is suitabie for recycling

cf. waste oil (1.60.1 81)

1.60.181waste oiloils having characteristics making it unsuitableeither for further use or for economic recycling

1.70 Heavy distillates and residues

1.70.010black productpetroieum product containing residuaicomponents whose asphaitene content makes theproduct dark in colour

1.70.020sour waterwater which contains objectionable amounts of

9

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000ISO 1998-1:1998

dissolved contaminants,ammonia, phenols, etc.

1,70.030fuel-oil

e.g. hydrogen sulfide,

heavy distillate, residue or mixture of the two, usedas fuel for the production of heat or power

cf. gas-oil (1 .20.130)

1.70.060tempering oilheavy oil of high flash point and high thermalstability used for tempering of metals

NOTE Tempering is a thermal treatment operation oftenfollowing quenching, consisting of heating a metallic pieceat a given temperature, below the austenitization temperature.

1.70.070

petroleum cokeblackish solid product consisting essentially ofcarbon, usually obtained by severe thermaldegradation of petroleum-based feedstocks

1.70.110bottomsresidueproduct remaining after distillation of the lightercomponents from a mixture

1.70.120atmospheric residueresidue from the atmospheric distillation of a crudeoil

~.~~.~qo

vacuum residueresidue from vacuumatmospheric residue

1.7(9.140solvent-precipitated

distillation, normally of an

asphaltasphaltic material of high molecular massseparated from vacuum residue by precipitationusing a light hydrocarbon (usually liquid propane)

1.75 Paraffins

1.75.000paraffin wax

and related products

product obtained from distillates, consistingessentially of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons,solid at ordinary temperatures

NOTE When fully refined, paraffin wax has a low oil contentand a rather marked crystalline structure, without odour andtaste.

1.75.010microcrystalline waxproduct consisting essentially of a mixture ofsaturated hydrocarbons, solid at ordinarytemperatures, having a finer crystalline structurethan paraffin wax and a relatively low oil content

NOTE It is normally obtained from slack wax (1 .75.040)produced during the refining of bright stock (1 .60.004).

1.75.020

petrolatumsemi-solid product consisting essentially of micro-crystalline wax (1.75.01 O) associated withrelatively large amounts of mineral oil.

1.75.030

tank bottom waxwax that has settled from crude oil in storage tanks

1.75.040slack waxunrefined paraffin wax obtained by dewaxing waxydistillates, desasphalted oils or their raffinates, andcontaining a high proportion of oil

1.75.050

paraffin scaleincompletely de-oiled paraffin wax obtained from

slack wax (1.75.040)

1.75.060

paraffin meltblend of waxes with other constituents (usually inhigh concentration) such that it has a high viscosity

when melted

NOTE It is applied in a molten state and is used for coatingsome types of piling to render them waterproof, or as anadhesive.

1.75.070

ozokeritenatural mineral wax, the constitution of which is

similar to petroleum wax and which may contain

mineral impurities

1.75.080

ceresinoriginally refined ozokerite; the commercial

product is nearly always mixed with petroleum wax

--

10

1.80 Solid and semi-solid products

1.80.000lubricating greasesemi-solid to solid product consisting of a stabi-lized mixture of liquid lubricant with soaps or otherthickeners, that may contain other additivesimparting special properties.

1.80.010

soap greasegrease manufactured by dispersion in a base oilof a metallic-soap-type thickener

NOTE The soap of lithium, calcium, sodium and aluminiumare the principal thickeners used in grease making.

1.80.020

non-soap greasegrease made by means of a thickening agent otherthan a soap

1.80.100carbon blacksubstantially pure, finely divided amorphouscarbon, usually produced from gaseous and liquidhydrocarbons by controlled combustion withrestricted air supply so as to obtain incompletecombustion

1.90 Additives

1.90.001additivesmaterial added to another, usually in smallamounts, to impart or enhance desirableproperties or to suppress undesirable properties

1.90.002detergent additiveadditive for lubricants and fuels with a designedfunction of minimizing deposits in systems andengines

NOTE 1 Lubricating detergent additives are generallyorgano-metallic with an alkaline function to neutralizecombustion acids.

NOTE 2 Fuel detergent additives are generally ash-freeorganic materials containing at least some polymer material.

1.90.003

dispersant additiveadditive to a liquid lubricant or fuel which increasesdispersion of insoluble impurities and stability ofsuspension, especially at low temperature

11

IS 4639 (Part 1) :20001S0 1998-1:1998

1.90.004extreme pressure additivechemical substance containing certain elements,such as sulfur, chlorine or phosphorus, that isadded to lubricants used in applications whereextreme pressures may occur between metalsurfaces, in order to prevent excessive wear

1.90.010

thickenerproduct which, when mixed with a lubricating oilor grease, increases its viscosity or consistency

1.90.020viscosity index improveradditive, usually a polymer,oil to reduce the variationtemperature

1.90.021pour point depressant

blended with a baseof its viscosity with

additive which ‘lowers the pour point of a liquidpetroleum product

1.90.030

blown oilfatty oil, generally of vegetable origin, submittedto a controlled oxidation by heating and air blowing,to increase its viscosity

1.90.040inhibitorsubstance, naturally occurring or a syntheticadditive, whose presence in small amounts in apetroleum product retards or prevents the occur-rence of certain phenomena considered undesirable,e.g. gum formation in stored gasolines, corrosionin steam turbines

1.90.050

fillerinert solid matter, finely divided, added to a productin order to modify certain characteristics

1.90.060

filter aidfinely divided, porous, solid material used toimprove the efficiency of filters

1.90.070antifluorescence agentmaterial having the property of masking the bloom(2.1 0.092) of a petroleum product

—

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000!S0 1998-1:1998

1.90.080plasticizerproduct, generally of petroleum origin, used tofacilitate the incorporation of various compoundsinto the base elastomer during the manufacture

of rubbers

1.90.090anti-detonant additiveanti-knock additiveadditive, generally an organo-rnetallic compound,used in fuels for spark ignition engines whichincreases their I esistance to knocking

1.90.100gelling agentproduct added to a lubricating oil in order to obtaina ge! and thus confer thixotropic properties

1.95 !Wsce!lanews

1.95.001thiclmercaptancompmmds, containing the chemical grouping–S-f, present in most crude oils and componentsfrom primary distillation

NOTE 1 The light mermptar?s are volatileandhavea distinct,~~@easantodour and are often used for this characteristicin !!Ie odmizaticm of fuel gases for detection.

NO”TE 2 In liquid products, light mercaptans are removedby hyd?oprocessing, or they are treated to convert them tothe more inert disuifides. The most widely used treatmentprmwss for gasoline and !mrosirre components is the ‘Merox’>rocs>s.

1.95.002

ft~j3tflk?~iC acidorrgarvc acids that occur naturally in some crudeoi!, characterized by the presence of a naphthenering and one or mow carboxy!ic acid groups

NOI E Naphthervc a~k.is are usefui by-products used in thefi]ar]tii>ct’:re of paint driers, emulsifiers and soaps.

4.95.004naphthenesclass of compounds occurring naturally in crudeoils and comprising principally cycloparaffins,sometimes condensed with aromatic compounds

1.95.010asphalteneshigh molecular mass, non-volatile constituents ofcrude oils and petroleum products containingresiduum

NOTE They .“.~eof dark colour and contain a disproportion-ately high quantity of the sulfur, nitrogen and metals in thewhole materiai. Composed essentially of aromatic andheterocyclic structures, they are insoluble in normal alkaneswith five to seven carbon atoms but completely soluble inhot benzene or toluene.

1.95.020rnaltenesoil phase in which asphaltenes are dispersed, andwhich is soluble in normal alkanes with five toseven carbon atoms

1,95.030biofuelautomotive, domestic, commercial or industrial fuelconsisting partly or wholly of components from arenewable vegetable source

NOTE The major components are alcohols, ethers andesters of vegetable oils, although non-esterified vegetableoils have been used in some instances.

1.99 Acrcmyms

1.99.001 LNG

1.99.003 LPG

1.99.005 SBP

See

Iiquified natural gas 1.15.005

Iiquified petroleum gas 1.15.080

special boiling point 1.20.101

—.

12

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed

periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. PCD 3 (1810).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters :

Mandk Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams : ManaksansthaTelephones :3230131, 3233375, 3239402 (Common to all offices)

Regional Offices : Telephone

Central :

Eastern :

Northern :

Southern :

Western :

Branches :

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

{

3237617NEW DELHI 110002 3233841

1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi

{

3378499,3378561CALCUTTA 700054 3378626,3379120

SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022

{

603843

602025

C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

{

2350216, 23504422351519,2352315

Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)

{

8329295, 8327858MUMBAI 400093 8327891, 8327892

AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE.FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR.LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

Printed at PRINTOGRAPH, New Delhi

-.