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IS 15264 (2002): Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) -Surface Imperfections - Terms, Definitions and Parameters[PGD 25: Engineering Metrology]

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

...-

—

Indian Standard

GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION(GPS)– SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS —

TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND PARAMETERS

ICS 01.040.17; 17.040.20

0 61S 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

November 2002 Price Group 5

Engineering Metrology Sectional Committee, BP 25—

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 8785 : 1998 ‘Geometrical product specification( GPS ) — Surface imperfections — Terms, definitions and parameters’ issued by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization ( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on therecommendation of the Engineering Metrology Sectional Committee and approval of the Basic andProduction Engineering Division Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. In the adopted standard, certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used inIndian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

Additional Information — This standard is the national adoption of JSO 8785:1998, as such only theEnglish text has been reproduced. If the French text is required reference should be made to the originalISO publication.

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

Indian Standard

GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION(GPS)– SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS –

TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND PARAMETERS

1 Scope

This International Standard defines terms relatingto surface imperfections in order to establish acommon vocabulary to be used in technicaldocuments, technical drawings, scientificpublications, etc. to specify to what extent surfaceimperfections are allowed and to aid in thespecification of methods of measuring surfaceimperfections.

The surface imperfections defined in thisInternational Standard are not related to surfaceroughness’) or surface waviness.

It does not specify the desirability or undesirabilityof surface imperfections, which depend on theapplication or function of the surface.

For specific applications and manufacturingprocesses, additional terms and definitions maybe necessary. Such terms and definitions willbe specified in relevant International Standards.

Some types of specific surface imperfectionsare defined in other International Standards aswell.

2 General

2.1reference surfacesurface, having the form of a geometrical surface,from which the parameters of surface imperfectionsare assessed

NOTES

1 The reference surface passes through the highest peakof the real surface excluding the imperfections, and isequidistant from the mean surface determined by theleast-squares method.

2 The reference surtace is determined over a specifiedsurface area, or over a limited part of the surface arearelated to the size ( dimensions) of a single imperfection,the size of the area being sufficient to assess theimperfection while suppressing the influence of formdeviation on the assessment.

3 The reference surface coincides in practice with thesurface of the area adjacent to the imperfection.

1)See for example ISO 4287.

2.2surface imperfection evaluation areaAportion of the real sufface of the whole real surfaceof a workpiece on which surface imperfectionsare specified and inspected

2.3surface texturerepetitive or random deviations from thegeometrical surface which form the three-dimensional topography of the suriace

NOTE — Surface texture includes roughness, waviness,lay, imperfections and form deviations over a limitedsurface area.

2.4surface imperfectionSiMelement, irregularity or group of elements andirregularities of the real surface unintentionallyor accidentally caused during manufacture,storage or use of the surface

NOTES

1 It is recommended not to use the term “surface defect”for the meaning defined here (see definition of “defect”inISO 8402).

2 Suchtypesofelements or irregularitiesdlfferconaiderebiyfrom those constituting a rough surface.

3 The presence of imperfection on the real surface doasnot necessarily mean that the given surface is unsuitablefor use. The acceptability of an imperfection is dependentonthe applicationor functionof the sutface and is specifiedinappropriateterms,e.g. length,depth,width,height,numberper unit area, etc.

3 Characteristics and parametersof surface imperfections

NOTE — The maximum value of parameters andcharacteristicsofsurfaceimperfectionsallowedon a surfaceis that value applied for specification, i.e. the limit beyondwhichthe componentcontainingthe imperfectionis rejected.

EXAMPLES

SIMn = 60

1

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

where SIMOis the surface imperfection number as definedin 3.7

SIMn/A = 60/1 m-2

SIMn/A = 10/50 mm-2

where,4 is the surface imperfection evaluation area asdefined in 2.2

3.1surface imperfection lengthSIMegreatest dimension of the surface imperfection,measured parallel to the reference surface

3.2surface imperfection widthSIMWgreatest dimension of the surface imperfection,measured normal to the surface imperfection lengthand parallel to the reference surface

3.3single surface imperfection depthSIM~~greatest depth of the surface imperfection,measured from and perpendicular to the referencesutiace

3.3.1combined surface imperfection depthSIMCddistance between the reference surface and thelowermost point of the surface imperfection,measured from and perpendicular to the referencesurface

3.4single surface imperfection heightSIM~~greatest height of the surface imperfection,measured from and perpendicular to the referencesurface

3.4.1combined surface imperfection heightSIMC~distance between the reference surface and theuppermost point of the surface imperfection,measured from and perpendicular to the referencesurface

3.5surface imperfection areaSIM,area of a single surface imperfection projectedonto the reference surface

3.6total surface imperfection areaSIMtarea equal to the sum of the individual surfaceimperfection areas, within the agreed limits ofdiscrimination

NOTES

1 The total surface imperfections area is calculated as:

SIM, =SIMal +SlMa2 + ... + SIM,n

2 When specifying the agreed limits of discrimination, thedimensional criterion that should be used is the minimumdimensionofsutface imperfectioncharacteristicbelowwhichthe surface imperfection is neglected when determiningthe SIMn and SIM, values.

3.7surface imperfection numberSIMnnumber of surface imperfections on the total realsurface, within the agreed limits of discrimination

3.8number of surface imperfections per unit

areaSIMn/Anumber of surface imperfections on the specifiedsurface imperfection evaluation area A

4 Specific types of surfaceimperfections

4.1recessioninwardly directed surface imperfection

4.1.1groovesurface imperfection which is a longitudinalrecession with a rounded or flat bottom

See figure 1.

Figure 1

2

----

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

4.1.2 4.1.5scratch blowholesurface imperfection which is a recession of surface imperfection in the form of a singleirregular shape and unspecified direction recession resulting from the loss of foreign

particles, from etching or from the effect of gasSee figure 2.

See figure 5.

Figure 2Figure 5

4.1.3crack 4.1.6linear recession with a sharp bottom resulting shrinkage holefrom a disturbance of the integrity of the surface, recession caused by shrinkage duringand of the parent material of the workpiece solidification of a casting, a weld, etc.

See figure 3. See figure 6.

Figure 3 Figure 6

4.1.4 4.1.7pore fissurecavity of very small size with steeply sloping chinkwalls and, normally, sharp edges, where the upper creviceedges of the cavity are not higher than the sharp, cleft-like, irregular opening of small depthtangential reference surface

See figure 7.See figure 4.

—

Figure 4

3

Figure 7

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

4.1.8waneimperfection in the form of a rounded-off part atthe intersection of two workpiece surfaces

See figure 8.

Figure 8

4.1.9(concave) bucklerecession on the surface of sheet material causedby local bending

See figure 9.

Figure 9

4.1.10denthollow with no raised portion, often caused byplastic deformation resulting from an impressionor blow

See figure 10.

4.2raisingoutwardly directed surface imperfection

4.2.1watiridge-like or hill-like elevation of small size andlimited height

See figure 11.

Figure 11

4.2.2blisterlocal convexity caused by a subsurface inclusionof gas or liquid

See figure 12.

Figure 12

4.2.3(convex) buckleraising on the surface of sheet material causedby local bending

See figure 13.

—

Figure 10 Figure 13

4

4.2.4scaleflake-like, partially, detached raising of smallthickness, resulting from flaking of the surfacelayer, which is of a different composition thanthe parent material

See figure 14.

Figure 14

4.2.5inclusionparticle of foreignworkpiece material

See figure 15.

material embedded in the

Figure 15

4.2.6burrraised sharp edge, frequently with a wane onthe opposite side

See figure 16.

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

4.2.7flashridge of workpiec.e material either expelled fromthe gap between mould parts or die parts whenforming (die casting, forging, etc.) or formed

perpendicular to the direction of pressure whenresistance welding two suflaces (upset welding,flash welding, etc.)

See figure 17.

Figure 17

4.2.8depositsbuild-up on a workpiece either of foreign materialor of material from another workpiece

See figure 18.

Figure 18

4.3combined surface imperfectionpartially inwardly and partially outwardly directedsurface imperfection

4.3.1craterhollow with a circular contour and raised edgesresembling the mouth of a volcano; the edgesare higher than the reference surfacecf. dent (4.1.1 O)

See figure 19.

Figure 16 Figure 19.

5

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

—4.3.2laptonque-like raising of smd{thickness, often inthe form of a seam, caused by folding over ofmaterial and forcing it into the surface whenrolling, forging, etc.

See figure 20.

Figure 20

4.3.3scoringimperfection in the form of successive recessionsand raisings caused by the expulsion of workpiecematerial owing to the movement of a foreign body

See figure 21.

Figure 21

4.3.4chip restband-like raisings resulting from poor chip removal

See figure 22.

Figure 22

4.4area imperfectionsappearance imperfectionsscattered imperfections inthe outermostsurfacelayer, often without sharp contours and oftenwithout practicably measurable depth or height

4.4.1skiddingsurface damage of, for example, ball bearings,rollers and races of bearings, of silvery frostedappearance, which occurs on discrete areas ofthe surface and is caused by intermittentoverloading

See figure 23.

Figure 23

4.4.2erosionsurface damage due to the physical destructionor wear of the surface

See figure 24.

Figure 24

4.4.3corrosionsurface damage due to the chemical destructionof the surface

See figure 25.

Figure 25

6

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

4.4.4pittingimperfection in the form of pits and small holes,often of large depth, dispersed over a large areaof the surface

See figure 26.

Figure 26

4.4.5crazingimperfections in the form of a network of crackson a surface

See figure 27.

4.4.7discolorationdiscolored area on a surface

See figure 29.

Figure 29

4.4.8streakband-like recessed area generallyof smalldepth,or area having a different surface texture

See figure 30.

Figure 27Figure 30

4.4.94.4.6 cleavagespot flakingpatch imperfection resulting from partial separation ofarea which differs visually from the adjacent a portion of the workpiece surface layersurface

See figure 31.See figure 28.

Figure 28 Figure 31

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

Annex A

(informative)

Relation to the GPS matrix model

For full details about the GPS matrix,model, seelSO/TR 14638.

A.1 Information about the standardand its use

This International Standard on surfaceimperfections covers definitions of parametersand definitions of specific types of surfaceimperfections. It should be completed by standardscovering chain links 3 to 6 in order to allow anunambiguous understanding.

A.2 Position in the GPS matrix model

This International Standard is a general GPSstandard, which influences chain link number 1and 2 of the chain of standards on surfaceimperfections in the general GPS matrix, asgraphically illustrated in figure A.1.

A.3 Related standards

The related International Standards are those ofthe chains of standards indicated in figure A.1.

FundamentalGPS

standards

Global GPS atandarda

f !General GPS matrix

Chain link number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Size

Distance

Radius

Angle

Form of line independent of datum

Form of line dependent on datum

Form of surface independent of datum

Form of surface dependent on datum

Orientation

Location

Circular run-out

Total run-out

Datums

Roughness profile

Waviness profile

Primary profile

Surface imperfections... ,..:.,.,.... .............,.,.,.,.,.,., ,...,,,,,..,, ,,. ..

Edges

—..

Figure A.1

8

..-

IS 15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Annex B

(informative)

Bibliography

1S04287 : 1997, Geornetrica/ productspecifications (GPS) — Surface texture :Profi/e method — Terms, definitions andsurface texture parameters.

ISO 6157-1 : 1988, Fasteners — Surfacediscontinuities — Part 1: Bolts, screws, andstuds for genera/ requirements.

ISO 6157-3 :.1988, Fasteners — Surfacediscontinuities — Part 3: Bo/ts, screws, andstuds for special requirements.

ISO 6520-1 —2), Welding and alliedprocesses — Part 1 : Classification ofimperfections in meta//ic fusion welds.

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

ISO 6601 : 1987, P/astics — Friction andwear by sliding — Identification of testparameters.

ISO 8402:1994, Qua/ity management andquality assurance — Vocabulary

ISO 10110-7 : 1996, Optics and optics/instruments — Preparation of dra wings foroptical elements and systems — Part 7:Surface imperfection tolerances.

lSO/TR 14638:1995, Geometric/productspecifications (GPS) — Masterplan.

2, To be published. (Revision of ISO 6520: 1982)

9

1S15264:2002ISO 8785:1998

Alphabetical index

A I

area and appearance imperfections 4.4 imperfection, surface 2.4inclusion 4,2.5

BL

blister 4.2.2blowhole 4.1.5buckle, concave 4.1,9buckle, convex 4.2.3burr 4.2.6

c

chink 4.1.7chip rest 4.3.4

cleavage 4.4.9

combined surface imperfection 4.3

combined surface imperfection depth 3.3.1

combined surface imperfection height 3.4.1

(concave) buckle 4.1.9

(convex) buckle 4.2.3

corrosion 4.4.3

crack 4.1.3

crazing 4.4.5

crater 4.3.1

crevice 4.1.7

dent 4.1,10

deposits 4.2.8

discoloration 4.4.7

erosion 4.4.2

fissure 4.1.7

flaking 4.4.9

flash 4.2.7 ‘

groove 4.1.1

D

E

F

G

lap 4.3,2

N

number of surface imperfections per unit area 3.8

P

patch 4.4.6

pitting 4.4.4

pore 4.1.4

R

raising 4.2

recession 4.1

reference surface 2.1

s

scale 4.2.4

scoring 4.3,3

scratch 4.1.2

shrinkage hole 4.1,6single surface imperfection depth 3.3

single surface imperfection height 3.4

skidding 4.4.1

spot 4.4.6

streak 4.4.8

surface imperfection 2.4

surface imperfection evaluation area 2.2

surface imperfection length 3.1

surface imperfection number 3.7

surface imperfection width 3.2

surface texture 2,3

T.

total surface imperfection area 3.6

w

wane 4.1.8

wart 4,2.1

10

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Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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