is 15027-1 (2001): micrographics - vocabulary, part 1 ... · is 15027 ( part 1 ) iso 6196-1 : 1993...
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है”ह”ह
IS 15027-1 (2001): Micrographics - Vocabulary, Part 1:General Terms [MSD 5: Documentation and Information]
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Indian Standard
MICROGRAPHICS — VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL TERMS
ICS 01 .040.37; 37.080
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@ BIS 2001
IBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
i NEW DELHI 110002
1 Ocfoher 2001 Price Group 3
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Documentation and [email protected]~ Sectional Committee, MSD 5k..,.k‘.“,. .,
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NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) which is identical with ISO 6196-2:1993 ‘Micrographics — Vocabulary b
— Part 02: Image positions and methods of recording’ issued by the International Organization for~
Standardization ( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation ofDocumentation and Information Sectional Committee and approval of the Management and SystemsDivision Council.
The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
,..,
,:’
Wherever the words ‘Intert$tional Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be read
as ‘Indian Standard’. , t
In addition to this part, ISO 6196 ‘Micrographics — Vocabulary’ has the following parts:
Part 01: General terms
Part 03: Film processing
Part 04: Materials and packaging
Part 05: Quality of images, legibility,
Part 06: Equipment
Part 07: Computer micrographics
Part 08: Use
Part 10: Index
inspection
For all the above parts of ISO 6196, Indian Standards aiso exist and are identical with ISO Standards. ?!
In the adopted standard, normative reference has been madetoISO3166: 1988 ‘Codes for representa- !
tion of names of countries’. This standard has been superseded by ISO 3166-1 :1997 ‘Codes forrepresentation of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes’, for which Indian StandardIS 14836 ( Part 1 ) : 2000 ‘Codes for the representation-of names of countries and their subdivisions:Part 1 Country codes’ exists and is identical with ISO 3166-1.
In the adopted standard, normative reference has also been made to following International Standards \
for which there are no Indian Standards:
International Standard Title
ISO 1087:1990 Terminology — Vc%abulary
ISO 10241:1992 International terminofbgy standards — Preparation and layout
The concerned Sectional Committee has reviewed the provisions of these International Standards andhas decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard.
Only the English language text of the international Standard has been retained while adopting it in thisIndian Standard.
IS 15027 ( Part 1 )ISO 6196-1 : 1993
Indian Standard
MICROGRAPHICS — VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL TERMS
Section 1: General
1S1 Scope
This part of ISO 6196 is intended to facilitateinternational communication in micrographics.It presents, in two languages, terms anddefinitions of selected concepts relevant to thefield of information processing and identifiesrelationships between the entries,
In order to facilitate their translation into otherlanguages, the definitions are drafted so as toavoid, as far as possible, any peculiarity attachedto a language.
1.2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this part of ISO 6196. At the time of publication,the editions indicated were valid. All standardsare subject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this partofISO6196 are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers ofcurrently valid International Standards.
ISO 1087:1990, Termho/ogy — Vbcahdary
ISO 3166:1988, Codes for the representationof names of countries.
ISO 10241 : 1992, /r?ternationa/ terrnho/ogystandards — preparation and layout.
1.3 Principles and rules followed
1.3.1 Definition of an entry
Section 2 comprises a number of entries. Eachentry consists of a set of essential elementsthat includes an index number, one term or severalsynonymous terms, and a phrase defining oneconcept. In addition, an entry may includeexamples, notes or illustrations to facilitateunderstanding of the concept.
Occasionally, the same term may be defined indifferent entries, or two or more concepts maybe covered by one entry, as described in 1.3.5and 1.3.8 respectively.
The presentation rules laid down in ISO 10241
:2001
are followed in ISO 6196.
Other terms such as vocabulary, concept, termand definition are used in this partofISO6196with the meaning defined in ISO 1087.
1.3.2 Organization of an entry
Each entry contains the essential elements definedin 1.3.1 and, if necessary, additional elements.The entry may contain the following elements inthe following order:
a) an index number (common for all languagesin which this partofISO6196 is published );
b) the term of the generally preferred term inthe language. The absence of a generallyaccepted term for the concept in the languageis indicated by a symbol consisting of fivepoints ( ..... ); a row of dots maybe used toindicate, in a term, a word to be chosen ineach particular case;
c) the preferred term in a particular country(identified according to the rules of ISO 3166 );
d) the abbreviation for the term;
e) permitted synonymous term(s);
f) the text of the definition ( see 1.3.4 );
g) one or more examples with the heading“ EXAMPLE(S) “;
h) one or more notes specifying particular casesin the field of application of the concepts,with the heading” NOTE(S) “;
i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which couldbe common to several entries.
1.3.3 Classification of entries
A two-digit serial number is assigned to eachpart ofISO6196, beginning with 01 for the partentitled “general terms”.
In certain cases, the entries are classified ingroups to each of which is assigned a four-digitserial number; the first two digits being those ofthe part of ISO 6196.
In certain cases, each entry is assigned a six-digit index number; the first four digits being thoseof the part of ISO 6196 and the group.
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IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993
[n order that versions of ISO 6196 in variouslanguages are related, the numbers assigned to
parts, groups and entries are the same for alllanguages.
1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording ofdefinitions
The selection of terms and the wording ofdefinitions have, as far as possible, followedestablished usage. When there were contradictions,solutions agreeable to the majority have beensought.
1.3.5 Multiple meanings
When, in one of the working languages, a giventerm has several meanings, each meaning isgiven a separate entry in order to facilitatetranslation into other languages.
1.3.6 Abbreviations
As indicated in 1.3.2, abbreviations in currentuse are given for some terms. Such abbreviationsare not used in the texts of the definitions, examplesor notes.
1.3.7 Use of parentheses
In some terms, a word or words printed in boldtypeface are placed between parentheses. Thesewords are part of the complete term, but theymay be omitted when use of the abridged termin a technical context does not introduceambiguity. In the text of another definition, example,or note of ISO 6196, such a term is used only inits complete form.
In some entries, the terms are followed by wordsin parentheses in normal typeface. These wordsare not a part of the term but indicate directivesfor the use of the term, its particular field ofapplication, or its grammatical form.
1.3.8 Use of brackets
When several closely related terms can be definedby texts that differ only in a few words, the termsand their definitions are grouped in a single entry.The words to be substituted in order to obtainthe different meanings are placed in brackets,
i.e. [ ], in the same order in the term and in thedefinition, In order to avoid uncertainty regardingthe words to be substituted, the last word thataccording to the above rule could be placed infront of the opening bracket is, wherever possible,placed inside the bracket and repeated for eachalternativ&
1.3.9 Use of terms printed in bold typefacein definitions and the use of an asterisk
A term printed in bold typeface in a definition,an example, or a note is defined in another entryin ISO 6196, which may be in another part.However, the term is printed in bold typefaceonly the first time it occurs in each entry.
Bold typeface is also used for other grammaticalforms of a term, for example, plurals of nounsand participles of verbs.
The basic forms of all terms printed in boldtypeface which are defined in this part of ISO6196 are listed in the index at the end of thepart ( see 1.3.11 ).
An asterisk is used to separate terms printed inbold typeface when two such terms are referredto in separate entries and directly follow eachother ( or are separated only by a punctuationmark ).
Words or terms that are printed in normaltypeface are to be understood as defined in currentdictionaries or authoritative technicalvocabularies.
1.3.10 Spelling
In the English language version of this part ofISO 6196, terms, definitions, examples, and notesare given in the spelling preferred in the USA.Other correct spellings may be used withoutviolating this part of ISO 6196.
1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index
For each language used, an alphabetical indexis provided at the end of part. The index includesall terms defined in the part. Multiple-word termsappear in alphabetical order under each of theirkey words.
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1t Section 2: Terms and definitions
11i 01.01micrographic
ktechniques associated with the production handlingand use of microforms
01.02microform
~
/ generic term for any material, usuallyphotographic film, that contains microlmages
01.03micro image
image too small to be eye-legible withoutmagnification
01.04original
any document to be reproduced by microfilming
01.05source document
original, usually on a paper base
01.06image
(1) Visual representation of an object resultingfrom the modulation of electromagneticradiation by that object
(2) representation by means of an appropriatereceiver ( screen, photosensitive sutiace ... )of an object or of data corresponding to thatobject
01.07photographic image
representation of an original on a photosensitivesurface, after processing
01.08latent image
image that becomes visible as a result ofprocessing
01.09negative-appearing image
image in which the lines and characters appearlight against a dark background
01.10positive-appearing image
image in which the lines and characters appeardark against a light background
IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993
01.11polarity
dark-to-light relationship of lines and charactersagainst a background
NOTE 1This term is used for expressing the change in orretention of the dark-to-light relationship of an imaga relativeto that of the orfginal,i.e. when a first-generation’negative-appearing Image give a second-generation positive-appaaringimagethereisa changein polarity in contrast,when a first-generation negative-appearing image givesa second-generation negative-appearing image the polarityis retained,
01.12exposure
exposing of a photosensitive material to radiantenergy generated by an original to obtain aphotographic image
01.13exposure time
period during which a photosensitive material issubjected to the action of radiation
01.14light exposure
mathematical product of the illuminance incidenton the photosensitive material and exposuretime
01.15frame
in a planetary camera*, step-and-repeatcamera or COM recorder, that area of the filmon which radiant energy acts during an exposure
NOTE 2 The area is determined by the aperture of theoptical system ( see figure 1 ).
I 11- bl I
b, x al image area
b2x q frame
t frame pitch
Figure 1— Exampleof planetary filming
01.16image area
area occupied by a microimage, determined by
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IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993
the size of the original and the reduction ratio( see figure 1 )
01.17image block
area of a microfiche that can be occupied bymicroimages
01.18frame pitch ( GB )pull down ( US )
distance between the corresponding points ontwo successive frames ( see figure 1 )
01.19generation
stage of successive photographic reproductions
01.20nth generation of a microform
number assigned to each successive generation
NOTE 3 The first generation is the camera microform ormicroformcreatedbya COM-recorder.
.’01.21master
microform used to producegeneration of microforms
01.22intermediate
the succeeding
microform or second of further generation usedto produce duplicates
01.23duplicate
reproduction of a microform retaining the polarityand size of the master
01.24hard-copy
enlargement of a microimage, usually on paper,which can be read without magnification
01.25enlargement
image of greater size than the microimage, usuallyon paper or a screen
01.26copy
reproduction on any material of the informationcontained in a microform
01.27reduction ratio
relationship between the dimensions of amicroimage and the corresponding dimensionsof the original or of the writing grid ( COMtechnique )
EXAMPLE — A reduction ratio expressedas 1 :24.
NOTE 4 The reduction ratio is always smaller than 1.
01.28enlargement ratio
relationship between the dimensions of themicroimage and its enlargement
EXAMPLE — An enlargement ratio expressedas24:l.
01.29reproduction ratio
relationship between the dimensions of areproduction and the source document
EXAMPLE — 1/2 linear reproduction ( A2 hard-copy of an AO drawing ).
●’A
A
aperture 06
cCOM recorder 07
COPY 01.26
D
duplicate 01,23
E
enlargement 01,25
enlargement ratio 01.28
exposure 01.12
exposure time 01,13
F
film ( photographic) 04
frame 01,15
frame pitch 01.28
G
generation 01.19
nthgeneration of a microform 01.20
H
hard-copy 01.24
I
image 01.06
image area 01.16
image block 01.17
intermediate 01.22
IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 : 1993
Alphabetical index
L
latent image 01.08
light exposure 01.14
M
master 01.21
microfiche 04
microform 01.02
micrographics 01.01
microimage 01.03
N
negative-appearing image 01.09
0original 01.04
P
photographic film 04
photographic image 01,07
planetary camera 06
polarity 01.11
positive-appearing image 01.10
processing 03
pull down 01,18
R
reduction ratio 01.27
reproduction ratio 01.29
sscreen 06
source document 01.05
step-and-repeat camera 06
T-4
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MSD 5 ( 200 ).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
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