is 1478.1992 clay flooring tiles spec
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. CLAY FLOORING TILES - SPECIFICATION
Second Rev i si on
UDC 691’421’2 - 431 : 692’533’42
Q BIS 1992
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1992
Price
Group 3
( Reaffirmed 2002 )
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‘Clay Products for Buildings Sectional Committee, CED 30
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after
the draft finalized by the Clay Products for Buildings Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Civil Engineering Division Council.
Flooring tiles are unglazed tiles made from natural clays or shales and burnt to dense mass which
are used for flooring of residential, public and industrial buildings. Since a number of mechanized
plants are being set up in different parts of this country for manufacturing clay products it is felt
that tiles will be produced in large numbers and will find greater application in general building..
construction. This standard covers essential requirements regarding dimensions, quality and
strength of flooring tiles and is intended to serve as a guide to control the quality of manufacture
and use. This standard was first published in 1959 and subsequently revised in 1969. As a result
of further experience gained on this subject, this standard has been revised. In this revision
Amendments No. 1 and 2 have been incorporated.
The values for water absorption, breaking load under tlexure and impact included in the standard
are based on the results of tests conducted at the Concrete and Soil Research Laboratory, Madras;
and Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee.
In preparing this standard, the Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this
standard has taken into consideration the views of producers, consumers and technologists and has
related the standard to the prevailing manufacturing and trade practices followed in the country
in this field. Due weightage has also been given to the need for international co-ordination
among the standards prevailing in different countries of the world.
This standard contains clauses 6.1.1 and 8.3 which call for agreement between the concerned,
parties.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded
off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The.
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the:
specified value in this standard.
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IS 1478 1992
I ndian St andard
CLAY FLOORING TILES - SPECIFICATION
Second Rev i si on
:9 SCOPE
5.1.1
Class 1 bricks shall be specially hard-burnt
as they are meant for use in industrial flooring
1.1
This standard specifies the requirements for
where heavy wear is anticipated.
dimensions,
quality and strength for
fiooring tiles.
clay 6 DIMENSIONS, SHAPE, TOLERANCES
AND WARPAGE
.2 REFERENCES
6.1 Dimensions and Shape
2.1
IS 2248
:
1992 ‘Glossary of terms relating to
clay products for building’ is a necessary adjunct
to this standard.
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose
of this standard, the
definitions of terms given in IS 2248
:
1992
shall apply.
The dimensions of the square tiles shall be as
given in Table 2, half-tiles, both rectangular
and triangular in shape shall also be available.
Half-tiles for usn with the full tiles shall be such
as to make two half-tiles, when joined together,
match the dimensions of one full tile.
Table 2 Dimensions of Sides and Thickness
of Tiles
4 CLASSIFICATION
Sl Size
Thickness,
Min
4.1
The ‘flooring tiles shall be of three classes,
namely, Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3,
with
the
characteristics as specified in Table 1 and
shall
satisfy the details of tests given in 8.
NO
mm
mm
i) 150 x 150* 15
ii)
150 x 150’ 20
iii)
200 x 200 20
iv)
200 x 200 25
Table
1
Classification of Flooring Tiles
v)
250 x 250*
30
*These are non-modular sizes and have been included
( clnuses 4.1, 8.1,
8.2
and
8.3 >
because of current use. It is intended to revise these
sizes as the industry adopts the modular sizes for tiles.
Sl
Characferistic
Requirements for
No.
r_-_;--h--__~
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
i) Water absorption percent, 10
19 24
Max
ii
Flexural strength, kg/cm
width,
Min:
a) Average
6
3.5 2.5
b) Individual
5 3.0 2’0
iii) Impact, maximum height
in mm of drop of steel
ball:
a) 15 mm thick 25 20 15
b) 20 mm ,,
60 50 40
c) 25 mm ,,
75 65 50
d) 30 mm ,,
80 70 60
5 GENERAL QUALITY
5.1 The flooring tiles shall be made from good
soils of even texture and shall be uniformly well
burnt. They shall be uniform in size and shape
and shall be free from irregularities, such as
twists, bends, cracks, flaws, laminations and
imperfections which affect appeara.nce or service-
ability. The faces of tiles shall be plain, grooved,
fluted or figured as specified and the edges shall
be square.
The backs of the tile may have
some type of either plain or engraved or
embossed design.
1
6.1.1
The dimensions and shape of flooring tiles
other than square shall be as agreed to between
the purchaser and the vendor.
6.1.2 The depth of the grooves or frogging on
the underside of flooring tiles shall not exceed
3 mm.
6.2 Tolerances
The permissible tolerances on the dimensions
specified in 6.1 shall be as in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.
6.2.1 D imensions Lengt h and Breadth )
The average dimensions of the tile when
measured as described in 6.2.1.1 shall not vary
more than f 5 mm from the nominal dimension
and also the dimensions of the individual tile
furnished for a given area or space shall not
vary more than 2 mm from the average.
6.2.1.1 The measurement of the dimensions shall
be msde to the nearest 0’5 mm and the results
averaged; the dimensions shall not include
spacers.
6.2.2 Thickness
The average thickness of the tile when measured
as described in 6.2.2.1 shall not vary more than
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2 mm from the nominal thickness; also, the
thickness of ir.dividual tile supplied for a given
area or a space shall not vary more than
f 1 mm.
6.2.2.1 The thickness of the tile shall be
measured 10 mm from each of the edges of the
tile and rounded off to the nearest 0’25 mm.
Four points of measurement shall be selected to
give an average thickness representative of the
tile. In case tile has keys or ribs these shall be
included in the thickness.
6.3 Warpage
When measured as described in 6.3.1 the war-
page shall not exceed 2 percent along the edges
and 1’5 percent along the diagonals.
6.3.1 Place a straight edge flat over the tile
resting on a plane surface so as to leave maxi-
mum gap between the straight edge and the
surface of the tile, as judged by the naked eye.
Insert the measuring metallic wedge (see Fig. 1 )
in the gap and measure the maximum value of
the gap.
materials for taking and packing the samples.
Each specimen shall be so marked that it may
by identified at any time.
8 DETAILS OF TEST
8.1 Water Absorption Test
The average water absorption of six tiles, when
tested by the method described in Annex A,
shall conform to the requirements specified in
Table 1.
8.2 Flexural Strength Test
When tested by the method described in
Annex 8, the average strength of six tiles, that
is, three tiles in the dry condition and three in
the wet condition, shall conform to the require-
ments specified in Table 1.
8.3 Impact Test
When tested by the method described in
Annex C, the maximum height of release of the
FIG. 1 MEASURINGMETALLIC
WE GE
7 SAMPLING
7.1 Samples shall be taken by the purchaser
( or his representative ) or by any person ap-
pointed to superintend the works for the pur-
pose of which the tiles are required or by the
latter’s representative.
7.2 Procedure for Sampling
For conducting the tests specified in 8 atleast
six tiles shall be selected at random for every
1 000 tiles or fraction thereof in a lot by the
purchaser ( or his representative ) in the pre-
sence of the manufacturer ( or his representa-
tive ). Additional specimens may be taken for
tests at the discretion of the purchaser. The
number of tiles taken from a lot for tests shall
be not less than 15 in any one lot.
7.3
Facilities for Sampling and Identifying
The manufacturer or the supplier shall afford
every facility and provide all the labour and
steel ball, which does not cause a fracture in the
tile obtained by tests on three specimens, shall
conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
In case of tiles other than square tiles, the
height of release of the steel ball shall be subject
to prior agreement between the purchaser and
the vendor.
9 NON-COMPLIANCE WITH TESTS
9.1 If any of the tiles in the sample fails to
comply with the requirements of any of the tests
specified in 8, another sample shall be similarly
drawn and tested. If any of the tiles in the
second sample also fails to comply with the
requirements of any of the tests specified in 8,
then the whole lot, from where the samples
were taken, shall be rejected as not complying
with this standard.
10 INDEPENDENT TEST
10.1 If the purchaser ( or his representative )
requires independent tests, the samples shall be
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?S 1478 : 1992
taken before or immediately after delivery at
the option of the purchaser ( or his representa-
tive ), if required, in his presence, and the test
shall be carried out in accordance with this
standard on the written instructions of the pur-
chaser ( or his representative ). Tests shall he
completed before the tiles are fixed in position.
10.2 Cost of Testing
The manufacturer shall supply, free of charge,
the tiles required for testing. Unless otherwise
specified, the cost of the tests shall be borne:
11 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
11.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy himself that
the tiles conform to the requiremeats of this
standard and, if required, shall furnish a
certificate to this effect to the purchaser or his
representative.
12 MARKING
12.1 Each tile shall be legibly and indelibly
a
b
by the manufacturer in the
results showing that the
comply with this standard.
event of the
marked with the name of the manufacturer 0;
tiles do not
h’
1s trade-mark, if any; the marking shall not
cover more than five percent of the area of the
specimen.
by the purchaser in the event of the
results showing that the tiles comply with
12.1.1 Each tile may also be marked with the
this stacdard.
Standard Mark.
ANNEX A
Clause 8.1 )
WATER ABSORPTION TEST
A-l TEST SPECIMENS
A-3 CALCULATION AND REPORT OF
A-l.1 Six tiles shall be used for this test from
TEST RESULTS
the sample selected in the manner described
A-3.1 The percentage water absorption shall be
in 7.
calculated as follows:
A-2 PROCEDURE
A-2.1
Dry the six tiles in an oven at a tempera-
ture of 100” to 110°C till they attain a constant
weight and then cool; weigh when cool and
immerse the dry specimens completely in clean
water at 24” to 30°C for 24 hours. Remove
each specimen, wipe off the surface water care-
fully with a damp cloth, and weigh the speci-
men correct to a gram, within three minutes
after removing the specimen from water.
Percentage water
absorption
= (B--A) x 100
A
where
B = weight of the specimen in g after
24 hours immersion in cold water, and
A weight of the dry specimen in g.
A-3.2 The average percentage water absorption
of the six tiles shall be calculated and reported
as the percentage water absorption,
ANNEX B
Clause
8.2 )
DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH
B-l TEST SPECIMENS
B-l.1 Six tiles shall be used for this test from
the sample selected in the manner described
in 7.
B-2 APPARATUS
B-2.1 The apparatus ( see Fig. 2 ) shall consist
of two parallel self-aligning cylindrical steel
bearers, with the bearing surface rounded to
40 mm diametre, and so placed that the distance
between the centres can be altered. The load
3
shall be applied through a third steel bearer of
similar shape placed midway between and
parallel to the supports. The length of all the
bearers shall exceed the maximum width of the
tile under test for square and rectangular tiles.
B-2.1.1 The loading device may consist of a
bucket connected either directly or through
levers to the loading arms. The loading shall be
at a uniform rate of 450 to 550 Njmin by allow-
ing lead shots to flow into the bucket. Provision
shall be made to arrest the flow or lead shots
immediately as the tile breaks.
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IS 1478 1992
PAR r EN0 VltW
FROM LEFT,
L
-I
ELEVATION
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 2 TILE TESTING MACHINE FOR DETERMINATIONOF FLEXURAL STRENGTH
B-2.2 Alternatively, a compression testing
machine with a minimum load frame capacity
of 10 tons may be used ( see Fig. 3 ), In this
system the bearer assembly is mounted on a
rigid mild steel plate and the third central load-
ing bearing is fixed through a suitable dial
micrometer (
least count
0’25 mm ) or an equally
sensitive device to bear on the loading member
or on the specimen at mid span.
The specimen
is supported on the bottom parallel bearers
separated by a distance of minimum three-
fourths ( 3/4 ) of the length of the tile.
B-2.2.1 The error in the load reading shall not
exceed 2’2 N for loads up to 220 N and for
greater load, the error shall not exceed 1 per-
cent of the maximum load. The rate of load-
ings should be uniform and vary in the range
of 450-550 N/min.
B-3 PROCEDURE
B-3.1 Test three tiles in the dry condition, that
is, after drying in an oven at 100” to IlO’C till
constant weight is attained and the other three
tiles after soaking in water at 24” to 30°C for
24 hours. Support the tile evenly flatwise on
the bearers set with a span equal to three-
fourths the dimension of the tile and resting on
tile natural bottom surface. To ensure uniform
distribution of load at supports, provide suitable
packing between the tile and the bearers. Apply
the load with the direction of the loa dper-
pendicular to the span at a uniform rate of 450
to 550 N/min.
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IS 1478 1992
‘B 4 CALCULATION AND REPORT OF
of the tile and the average of the six values
-TEST RESULTS
calculated.
B 4.1
The individual breaking load shall be
R-4.2 The result shall be expressed in N/mm
recorded and the flexural strength shall be obtai-
width.
aed by dividing the breaking load by the width
X =SPAN AS PER TILE SIZE
250 mm
1LOmm __Lf
CI
I
SECTION
SECTION U V
FIG.
3
V
DETAIL OF BEARER A
DETAIL dF-IBEARER
B
ESSENTIAL FAPPARATUS ORTRANSVBRSB
EST
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Is 1478 : 1992
ANNEX C
Chse 8.3 )
IMPACT TEST
C-l TEST SPECIMENS
C-l.1
Three tiles shall be used for this test from
the sample selected in the manner described
in 7.
C-2 APPARATUS
C-2.1
The apparatus for the impact test shall
contain an upright stand fixed to a heavy base.
A clamp fixed to the vertical stand just holds
between its jaws a steel ball 35 mm diameter
and of mass 170 g. A fraction of a turn of the
screw to widen the jaws space shall release the
steel ball to fall on the tile below.
C-2.2 Alternatively,
the steel ball may be
supported by a thread tied to a hook provided
in the ball and released at will by burning the
thread.
C-3
PROCEDURE
C-3.1
Dry the three tiles in an oven at a
temperature of 100” to 110°C till they attain
a constant weight and then allow them to cool
to room temperature. Place the tile horizontally
with the tile face upwards over a 2’5 cm thick
rubber sheet which in turn be placed over a
rigid horizontal surface. The stand and the tile
shall be so adjusted that when the ball is released
from the clamp it falls vertically on the centre of
the tile.
C-3.2 The steel ball shall be released first from
a height of 7’5 cm.
Then the height of release
shall be raised in steps of 7’5 cm until fracture
of the test specimen occurs.
C-4 EVALUATION AND REPORT OF
TEST RESULTS
C-4.1 The maximum height of release of the
test ball, which does cause a fracture in the tile,
shall be recorded in each case and the average
for the three tiles shall be reported.
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Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of
Indian
Standards Act 2986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the pro-
ducer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
that standard as a further safeguard.
Details of conditions under which a licence for the use
of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from
the Bureau of Indian Standards.
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Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of I ndi an St andards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardixation, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in
any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does nob preclude the free use, in
the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or
grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications ), BIS.
Revision of Indian Standards
Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any,
are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession
of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving
the following reference
:
Dot : No. CED 30 ( 5062 )
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No.
Date of Issue
Text Affected
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