m

i-"-^*.

>

"^

^^..^.-;.::fe.'\"*

.0*^^

A'

*rfcr teeth English th; this is the only sound of dFr.ik';

language,

eef

as in they; Gni.

Dehnung:

Sp.

([ue.

as in then, met: (tin. denn: Fr. simne: Sp. cunien.asill

waif.

ghi

as in gig; asill

has, he;

Gm. gehen; Fr. Gm. hahen.

gout; Sp. gozav.

as in picpie, machine.

1

the

same sound prolonged.jiit.

1

as in ])ick.as in kick,

kn n

as in nun. run.

as

ng

in sing. ring,

o

as in note, rote,a.s

qr

ch in

(iiii.

ich.

slightly

trilled;

hut

in

Mohawk

it

closely approximates an

1

sou lid..s

as in sop, see.

t

jironounced with the tip of the tongue touching the up[)cr teeth as in enunciating the English th; this is the only sound oftin this

language.

11 lA

as in rule: (im. du; Fr.

ou

in

doux: Sp.

uiio.

as

ill

rut. shut.it.

wydj

as in w

witch,

as in yes. yet.asj

ill

judge.ill

liwtc"'

as wliasell

what,church.thus, e", o". ai". e",ii".

in

marks nasalized vowels,orfinal,

indicates an aspiration or soft emission of hreath, whichthus, 'h,ft"',

is

initial

o'.

'

marks a sudden closure of thesound, thus,'a,

glottis,

preceding or following a

o\ ii'. ii"". marks the accented syllahle of every word. ill this combination t and h are always jironoiuued separatelyth In the literal (interlinear) translation the following abbreviations denoting gender have been used: z.=zoic; anthr. =anthropic; m.='

masculine: fem.

= feminine;

indef.= indefinite.

AX

()Noni)A(;a \krsi()x

The Manner in Wiikh it Formed Itself, in Which,THAT THEEaIITII

Establi.shkdin

Itski,?\it

in

Which

it

Ancient Time, BeCAME ExTANT

C'a:me

aholt

Ho who was

luy ariindt'athcr was wont to ivlate that.it

\

(mHv.

lie

luid

heard tho leo-end asgrandsircs, and this

is

was custouiarily told l)y tive o-enerations of what ho himself was in the habit of telling.in

He

customarily said: ^lan-boiiigs dwell

the sky. on

tlu^

farther sideit].

of the visible sky [the

oround

separating- this

from

thi'

wt)rld abo\e

Tca" Dediodiea"da"'CtWI'

Tca"' I)eio'dend.\"i' Tca"' Wa"wadon'ni.\' The Therefrom it it employed The It was The It itself formed 1 where therefor where established where Tca"' 1o^''hwend.ti.\'de" wa"w'.a.'do^'" ne"' orH\vAG.\'io^"". The It earth EXTANT is It came The It matter iisiKsoda*ha'-ge"''ha".liwi'kslivu

iiwa'horidia*di"'sa"so

tea"tlu'

hodikston'iVtlu-v ancifiii

My grandge""htrna'ie"

was.

many

tlioy maturrr]

honthoia'ha''gw!vtheyit

ne"the

hi'ia'verily

ge"'slustom-

hothoiTde"lie it

tell ditl

heard

tea"'

ni4iadii"ho"'de"".

na'ie"

hao"''hw:i"he himself

hathoia-

'ha"gW!V.

I'ha'do"k

ge'"s:arily

Ena'gee"

ne"'

ofi'gwe""being

g:io"

hi.

gon'wa"

,.

classific conceptual teroi ongwe". having no discernable grammatic atfix. is what graintimand has both a singular and a collective denotation. It signifies " manman, human beings; a human being, a person." But it.s original meaning was "man-being" or "prima! being," which signified collectively those beings who preceded man in existence and exceeded him in wisdom and effective power, the personified bodies and elements of nature, the gods and demigods of later myth and legend, who were endowed by an imputative mode of reasoning with anthropic form and attributes additional to those normally characteristic of the particular bodies or elem en Ls that they represented. But, after the recognition of man as a species ditlerent from all others, consequent upon wider human experience and more exact knowledge, and after these had pushed back from the immediate fireside and community most of the reified fictions of savage mentation, a time came when it became needful to distinguish between the man-being, u human being, and the man-being, a reified personification of a body or element of nature; in short, to distinguish between what human experience had found to he "real, gentiine, native," and what was the converse. Hence, the limiting term oiiwe', signifying "native, real, genuine, original," was combined with ongwe', thus forming oiigwe'-oiiwe', which signifies "native, real, or genuine man-being." hence, "man, human being." But after the advent of trans-Atlantic peoples the antithesis was transferred miconsciously from the "primal being." or "man-being," the reified concepts of myth and legend, to "white human being," denotive of any trans-.vtlanlic person. So, in this legend, when applied to times previous to the advent of nnm the wonl oilgwc' usually denotes a man-being that is a personifleation. one of the gods of the myths, one of tliat vague class of primal beings of which man was regarded by Iroquoian and other sages as a characteristic type.

aThe

rians call a primitive word,

kind,

141

142

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGYseverally possess are customarily long.

The lodges they

In the end of

the lodges there are spread out strips of rough bark whereon lie the There it is that, verily, all pass the night. several mats (beds).

Early in the morning the warriors are in the habit of going to hunt and, as is their custom, they return every evening. In that place there lived two persons, both down-fended, and both persons of worth. Verily, one of these persons was a woman-being, a person of worth, and down-fended: besides her there was a manbeing, a person of worth, and down-fended. In the end of the lodge there was a doorway. On the one side of it the woman-being abode, and on the oth(>r side of it the man-being abode.ge"customarily

si"far

hilgwa'drside ofit

tea"'

gae'"hia'de\e.vtant.

Gano^'se'dji'sIt

tea"the

lodee long

yonder

where

phirally (are) plurally

where

hodino"'saiefi'do"they lodge haveplurally.

Tea"' heiotno"'so"'kd:VThe wherematthereit

ne''tho'there

ge"'sowaienda'die'it

lodge ends

rough bark

is

spread along

tea"the

ne^'tho'there

ganakdage'"hendo"'.it

Ne"tho'There

hi'ia*verily.

gagwe'gl''it

lay i>lurally.

all

where

(entire)

honno"'hwe'stha".

Na'ie'That(it Is)

ne"the

he""ge"'diikearly in the

ho"'deridion'gwashence they departrepeatedly

ne"the

hodi'sge"'age"da'y

morningge"'s.

hondowii'thiV

Shadi'io"k

o'ga"ho"kining after

ge'"s.customarily.

evening

Na'ie'

ne"

ne"tho"there

de'hni"den\they (m.) two abode.

dehiia'dage",they (m.) twoare persons,1

de'hninoa'do"',''they (m.) two are down-fended,

de'hiia'dano'we"'.

Na'ie'

ne

i;i

tcieia"'d!id:i'

agon gweshe manbeing (is)

e"den',

eiii'dano'we"'.

dcienoii'do"";she(i!

'a''so""

ne'

shaia''dada,,he one person(is)

hon'gwe'he manbeing(is)

he""den',he abides,

haia'dsino'we"heis

de'hanoii'do"'.he (is) down-fended.

a person of worth.

Tea''

heiotno"'so"kda'thereit

ne"tho'there

ga'nhoga'heii'diiit is

lodge ends

doorway.

Sgaga'di'^ One sideon

hagwa'di'side ofit

ne"thothere

den

ne

agon gweshe manbeing (is);

sgaga'di"one side

hagwa'di'side ofit

ie"tho'thereI

hoii'fi

he""den',he abides.

he

that one

thato Down-fended. This compound approximately describes a feature characteristic of a primitive^ Iroquoian custom, which required that certain children should be strictly hidden from the sight of persons save a trustee until they reached the age of puberty. The better to guard the ward from access the down of the cat-tail flag was carefully scattered about the place of concealment, so that no person could pass into the forbidden place without first disturbing the down and so indicating inva-sion of the guarded precinct: hence, it is proposed to apply a literal rendering of the Iroquoian term "down-fended " to a person so concealed. Persons so hidden were regarded as uncanny and as endowed with an unusual measure of orenda. or magic potence.

all

"|>"I

ONONDACJA VKKSION

148

then, this came to ])ass. As soon as all the had severally departed this woinan-beiiiX(>NI)A(iAiiiotlicrl

VKKSIOX

ur)

thus sli;ilt tliciu do oil my eyes: 'riiou must l;iy lioth thy hands on l)oth sides. And, morcoxcr. tliou iiuist keep thy eyes tixed thereon when thou thinkest that now lie is |I amj nearly dead. So soon as thou .seest that my breathinj^' is l)(>in}r made to ))eeome less, then, and not till then, must thou think that now it is that he is about to die. And then, moreover, thou wilt place thy two hands on i)oth my eyes. Now, I shall tell thee another thing. Ye nuist make a burial-case. When ye finish the task of making it. then, moreover, ye must place my body therein, and, moreover, ye nmst lay it up in a high place." Now, verily, she, the ancient one, had her eyes Hxed on him. 80 soon as she believed that now he was about to die, she placed both her hands on his eyes. Just so soon as she did this she began to weep. Moreover, all those who abode in the lodge were also affected in the same way; they all wept. Sometime after he had died they set

hi"'i;-.

De""se"'nia''hefi"

dedjao""'gwi".on hoth side

Ne''tho'There

di''besides

ne"ska'ha''kthereit

Ihv eves

will be'oii"

o nenow

e

se a

o nenow

tlio"ha-

"gi'he'iiv.I

Ganio''So soonlis

e"satgat'thouit

thou wilt

will

(lie.

wilt

hwa'

tea''

gadoiTie'sI

ooii as they

had tinishod their task thev ])lact'd his body therein, and also laid it lip in a high place. Sometime after they had laid the hiirial-case in the high place, the maiden, now a woman-being, gave birth to a child, which was Then the ancient one [elder one, the a female, a woman-being. mother of the maiden] said: "Moreover, what manner of person is the father of the child?" The maiden said nothing in reply. The girl child grew rapidly in size. It was not long after this Suddenly, it seems, the girl that the girl child was running about. Five are the It was impossible to stop her. child began to weep. number of days, it is said, that the girl child continued to weep. Then the elder one [her grandmother] said: "Do ye shoM- her the Now, verily, they carried burial-case lying there in the high place."

wa"hodiio"de""ha',lliey (m.)

wa hadi'son'nithey (m.iit

>"'

ga'ho'"*sa\it

(ianio"So soonas

di"'lie-

worked,

madeo'ni'

e

ease

(burial-ease).

sides

o'ne'" nowhe"'tk("'""l.|. hit;li

wii"hondiienno"'kde"'ihcvitlieir)

ie''tho*there

wa'honwriiiVdon'dak,they hisTjody incused.

tusk finisbed

now

o''nialso

wrrhadi'*hen'.they (m.)it

up-hiid.

(iaiiTgWiV(timeI

nwa'onni'she'so (Ujng)it

ntl

he''tke"'lip

hc-hodi'-ha'hevitha.lnp-lai.l

lasted

high

now

tho''ge'at that

ne"'the

eksa'go'na',she maiden,

ne'the

igon gwe'she

o

1

le"',en,

wa'agok.sashe beeamepossessed

man(is)

ll

(time)

being

daiendiV'nha".of

e"he"',she (is) female

agofi'gwe'she(is)

ne"i

eksa"'a'.she siinfant

Tho"'geAt that

o'ntV

an infant

man-

the tlie

now

being

ne"'the

gok'stt'fi'a'she elder one

wa'a'hen":she? it

said:

"Son"' "Who(isit)

dibesides

nofiwa'ho"de"kind of personthe

eksa"a'she infant(is)

ago'n i"ha*her fatheris)?"i

Hiia"Not(it is)

.ste""anything

de'aga'wefisheit

nethe

ek.saVo'na'.she maiden.(is)

it

has said

(xodi'sno'we'She grew rap-

teavbere

gododi'ha'die"sbeeontinnedto

ne"'the

eksa'Ti'.she infantlisi.

Hiia".Sot(it is)

de'aonnishe"'i'it

o'ue"'

ne''tho'

eda'khe's

ne

eksa'Ti".she infant.

Dien'iiii'snddenly

lasted (long)

eksa''a'she child

wao

sa

we

wa"dio"'shent'hwa'.she wept.

HiiiV

she began

de'a'wetIt is

aionni'cjhe"'.

Hwi'ke

liwefidage"',so in

ia'ge"'.it is

deio"'shentshe goes about

possible

many

it

day(is),

number

said,

hwa"he"sgok'sten'a'she elder one;

ne

ekstV'a'.she child.(is)

Tho"'ge'At that(time)

o'ne"

waYi'heii"'sheit.said

ne"the

now

" Etchina"do"s"

tea"the

tga'ho"'sa"ha'."thereit

O'nc"'Now,

hi'ia'of course (verily),

Do ve

it

show

case

to her

where

np-lies."

HKWiTTi

ONONDAOA VERSIdXlior to stuiul

147there.'I'heii

hoi-

person, mid causedit

up high

the yirl

child looked atalso she

and

it

and was pleased. It was a long time before they withdrew her; was not a long time before she again began to weep. Now,[the corpse], and then she ceased her weepini;-.

verily, they again carried her person, and. to stand there again.

were

in the haliit

the high place.al>le to

moreover, they caused her continued thus. that, day after day. they of carry iiig her. and causing her to stand there on It \va> not long before she by her own efforts wasSo.it

climb up to tlie place where lay the dead man-V>eing. Thus it continued to be that she at all times went to view it. Some time afterward it thus came to pass that she cauic down again l)ringing with licr what was called an armlet, that being the kind of thing that the dead man-lieing had clasped about his arms,and. being of the

wampumne"'tho"thtTr

variety,

it

was,

it is

said, fine-looking.

wa hodiia"de"'iiawa"they her personcarrit'd

he"'tke""uplii,^ti

wa"diofidatde"'sd{i\they lindef.) her causedto statid.

O'ne"' Nowlit isI

wa'oiitgat'hwa'sheit

ne"'the

eksa''a':site

tho"'ge"at that

o'ue""

wa'oniii'qhe""sheit

tea"the

looked

lit

child

nowo"ni'.also.

ceased

lis);

itimei

where

deio""shent'hwas.sheis

wa'ontcefinon'nia"she was pleased

Aonni'she'i"It lasted

o'ne""no'

weeping.

(long)

saiondadia"do""'tka".again thev her person withdrew.

Na'ie"Thatlit isi

n(>"ilie

hiia"'not

de'aonni'she'i'it la.stcd

o'ne'"

(long)

now

he"again

donsaio'"shent'hwa".again she ept.

O'lu"'"'N'n\v.

hi'ia'of course, verily,

sashagodiia'de""hawii',again they her personcarried,

ne"th.o"there

di"besides

he"tk("'""iip

wa"shagodide"'sda'.they hereausedto'^tand.

high

O'ne"' Nowo''ni"also

ne"tho"tin-re

ni'io'tsoit is

o"he""senkday after day

shagodiia'de""hawasthey her person carried customarily'

he"tke'"up high

shagodithey her

caused

de"'stha".lo stand.

Hiia"'Not

de'aoiini'she'i*it

o'ne""

ga'o""hwa'she herself

wa'ondadie'nashe herself helpedto

la^l.'d

i

Lingi

now

do

it

wa"sherself

wa"eia"th("'"" she climbed

tea"the

nofi'we"the place

tga'"ha"there il up-lay

ne"the

hawe""he'io"'.heis

dead,

upni'io'tsoit is

where

Ne"tho"There

ekdo""'ne"ssheit

diiot'gofit.at all times,

customarilyto see

went

Gaiii'gwa'Some(time)

nwiroiini'she"soit

o'ni''""

ne"th()"ilins

iiw;"i"aw(''"'"ha"soit

doiidatlicnce

lasted

now

', am thy parent." " nothing more. It eontinued thus that customarily, as soon as another day came, she would again climb to the place where the burial-case So, now, verily, all those who were in the lodge paid no more lay.It will belong- to thee.

attention to her, merely watching her

grow

in size.

Thus

it

contin-

ued that day after day, at all times, she continued to go to see it [the They heard them conversing, it is said, and they also heard, corpse]. After a while she again came down it is told, what the two said. bringing with her a necklace which the dead man-being had had around She, it is reported, said: '"Oh, his neck, and which she had .removed. my grandmother! My father gave this to me; that is the I'eason Igok'sten'a':

"Ho't"What(is it)

noiiwii'ho"dc"'kind of thing

daioi"hwa"'khc'it

tea"the wliere

waska"thoudidst

1

she elder one:

is ri'iison

of

it

tcia'?"

Daiei'hwa'sii'gWiVSheit

ne"the

eksa'Ti"she ehild

wa'a'iien":sheitsaid;

''(r'ni'lia"

2

removeit?"

replied

"Mv

father

wa'he""hen",

'Sga''tcia'.it

I's

e"sa'we"k.thouit

I"I

hi'ia"verily,

gofi'ha'wa'.'"I

3

heitsaid,

'Dothoii remove.

Thou

wilt

thy parent am.'"

own.

(it is),

Hiia"4Not(it is)

.ste""'

de'tciaga'we"'again sheit

ne"theo'nt''""

gok'steii'a'.she elder-one.

Ne"tho'Thustea"'the

ni'io'tsoit is

anythiiiK

said

ge"'s

ganio"'so soon ns

5 customarily

wa''o'he""'nhiV it day beeame

he"'again

sriiea"'th(''""

non'we'the place

now

again she elimhed np tea"'the

where

tga'ho"'sa"ha'.

Da",So,

o'ne""now,

hi'ia"\'erily,

ni'hen'nadi'so they (m.) are

ne"the

67

there

it

ease up-lay.

where

many

in

nuniher

gano'"sgofi'wa'it

henni"'derrthey (m.) abide

hiia''not

de"shonnasdei'.sdi',they (m.) again payattention toit,

ne"'tho'there

lodge in

gen'gwa'S 9only

de"hadiga"ha'they (m.) theireyes

tea"'the

gododi'ha'die".she continued to

Ne"tho'There

ni'io'tsoit is

had on

it

whereday after day.

grow.

diiot'gofitat all times

heioiitgat'hwasthither she see

o'h("'""'senk.

Hofinathon'de".They (m.ia'kf'"'.itis.said,i

ia'ke"',it is

wentit

to

it

heard,

said,

de'hodi'tha",

honnathofi'de"they (m.)it

o"ni",also,

ne"'the

ste""'anything

gwa"seemingly

10

they(m.)eonver,ed,

heard

noiiwriiio"'de"'11kind of thing

de'hia'do"k.thevtwoim.)kept saying.

DieiT'ha"Suddenly,

gwa"'.seemingly,

o'ne'"'

he"again

now

dondaio"'kwe'ne""da'12tlienee she again

tcie'ha'wi'sheit

ne"'the

ion'ni'dias'tha'one uses it as a neeklaee

ne"the

descended

brought

again

ho'dieiT'na'

ne"the

hawe"'he'io"%heis

na'ie'that(it is)

o""ke""this time,

goga'tciefi'ha'die'.she came, having

1314. -^^

he had had it around his neek

dead,

removed

it,

WtViX'hefi", 'sheitsaid,

ia'ke"':itissaid:

"Gso'da'ha', g'ni'ha" 'to "My grandmother, my fatherwa"kga"teia'.'"I it

waha'gwe"" toheit

nen'ge"'; " '.

gave

to

me

this(itis);

na'ie'1.5that(iti"!

grii'honnia"ha'it it

O'ne",'Now,

ia'ke"',itissaid,

tea"the

causes

removed."

where

HEWITT]

ONONDAGA VKRSIONit."

14'.>

removedcase.

So.

it

is

reported, until the time

slie

was

full-yrowii,

she was in the

hat)it

of yoin";- to view the place where lay the hurial-

At that time, it is rei)(>rted. her father said: "Now. my child, verily, thou hast i;rown to maturity. Moreover, I will decide upon the time when thou shalt marry." Some time afterward he said: "Thou must tell thy mother, sayinjj;: 'My father said to me, "Now thou nuist niairy."" Now. moreover, verily, thy mother 7uust make loaves ofbread, andit

must

till

a large forehead-strap-liorne basket.it

Now,by

moreover, thou iDust make the bread, and thou must have the time it becomes night."

read}'

Truly, it thus came to pass. It i)ecame night, and, verily, the elder one had it all ready. She said: "I have now made it ready. The basket is even now full of bread.'Now, the maiden again climbed

nwa'onni'she''so (long)it lastt'rt

heiagodo'di'Iliither she grew to lull size

ne''tho'there

ekdo""ne'sshe it went habitiiallytosee

tea''the

non'we'tlie

phiee

where

tga"ha'there it up-Uiy

ne"'the

ga'ho""sa'.it

ease (burialease).

Tho^'ge',At that(lime),

ia'ke"',it

o'ne'iinw

wa"he"'hen"heit

ne"'the

ago'ni''ha':her father:

O'nelitisi

issttid,

said1"'I

hi'ia"verily,

gon'ha'wii"I

wa'sadodia'ga".thou hast grown up.

di"moreover

e"tg'enno"''do"'I it

gain''where

thy parent

am

shall willit).

(it is)

(decide

niga'ha'wfthereit

tea"'the

e"sania'khe'.tlion wilt marry.'

GaiiTgwii'Somene"'the(timet

nwa'onni'she"so(

bears

it

long)

it

lasted

o'ne"' now

(the time)

where

wa'he"'hefi'':heitsaid:

"E"'sheiatho'ie"'Thou herwilt tell

sano''ha'thy mother

'si'hefi'',

'Wa"ha-

gon'hasme,saying.

g'ni'ha

O'rXone''the

e"sania'khe'wilt thou marrv.

O'ne"'Now.ne''the

di"'

hi'iil'verily,

my

father.

moreover.

e"ie'ha'gonnia''hen' she bread will makerepeatedly

sano''ha".

iia le

e"ga'a''seikit

that(it is(

will

till

a

basket

ontge'da'stha'one bearstea"'theIt by the forehead-strap

gfi'a"sa'.it

O'ne"'Now.

di"'

e"sha'gon'ni;thou bread wilt

e"saiennendtl"iktboui

basket.

moreover,

make

niga'ha'wfthere it it bears (time)

ne''the

e"io"'gak."'it

will

be dark."

where

Do'ge"sIt is

ne"'tho'thus

nwa'awe""ha'.soit

Wii'o"'gakIt

o'ne'

hi'ia'verily.

true

earae to pass.

beeamenight

now

gagwe'gi'it all

gaieiinenda'Tsheit

ne"'the

gok'steii'a*.she elder one (is).

Wa'a'hen":sheit

had ready

said:

O'ne"' Now

wa'gadadeiennenda"nha'. I mv preparations have finished.O'ne"'

O'ne"' Now

ga"a''sei'it

ne"the

o'h:i''gwa".'"it

basket

bread."

lis) full

eksa'go'nii' she maiden

saiea"'the"agaiii

tea"'the

non'we'the place

she up-

150upto

IROQUtHAN COSMOLOGYthe place

where lay the burial-case. At that time they heard mother has now made everything read}-." He then replied: "To-morrow thou must depart; early in the morning thou must depart. The distance from here to the place where lives the one whom thou wilt marry is such that thou wilt spend one night on th}- waj' thither. And he is a chief whom thou art to marry, and his name, by repute, is He-holds-the-earth." Now the next day she dressed herself. As soon as she was read}' she then again ran, going again to the place where lay the deadher say:

"My

man-being. Then she told him, saying: "The time for me to depart has arrived." Now, at that time he told her, saying: "Do thou have courage. Thy pathway throughout its course is terrifying, and the reason that it is .so is that man}' man-beings are traveling to and fro along this pathway. Do not, moreover, speak in reply if

tga'ho""s;i'iui'.

O'ne"'

HEWITT)

(IXDNDAGA VERSIONhe. addresses

151to thee..Viid

some person, whoever he may

words

when

thou hast o-one one half of thy journey, thou wilt come to a riv(M' there, and. moreover, the floating log- whereon persons cross is maple. When thou dost arrive thei'e. then thou wilt know that thou art halfway on thy journey. Then thou wilt cross the river, and also pass on. Thou must continue to travel without interruption. And thou wilt have traveled some time before thou arrivest at the place where thou wilt see a large field. Thou wilt see there, moreover, a lodge standing not far away. And there beside the lodge stands the tree Moreover, the blossoms this standing tree that is called Tooth." bears cause that world to he light, making it light for the man-beings dwelling there.

'A"gwi*Doit

dfmoreover.

de"tcada'dia'thou wilt speakin reply

do'ga'tif it

hi'ia'

e"iesawenna"nha'

ne''

not.

be

so.

soiT'

gwa"'seemingly

nonwa"ho"'de"kind of person,

who

niio'we"soitisdistftnt,

nhe""'se"thither tho\i wilt be going

ne"'tho"there

o'hwa"'da'it

ne"'the

gaen'do"it

maple

log floats

152''Such, in kind,is is

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGYthe tree that stands beside the lodge.

[ETH. ANN. 21

Just therehis people

the lodge of the chief

eall

whom thou art to marry, and whom He-holds -the-earth. When thou enterest the lodge,

thou wilt

look and see there in the middle of the lodge a mat spread, and there, on the mat. the chief lying down. Now. at that time, thou shalt lay

moreover, thou shalt say: 'Thou and When it becomes night, he who is lying down will spread for thee a skin robe at the foot of his mat. There thou wilt stay over night. As soon as it is day again, he Customarily one who lives will say: 'Do thou arise; do thou work. Then, verily, thou must work. in the lodge of her spouse works.' He will lay down a string of corn ears and, moreover, he will say: 'Thou must soak the corn and thou must make nuish." At tliat timeI

thy basket marry.'

down

at his feet, and,

He

will say nothing.

Ne"tho'Thus

nigaendo"de"'

tea"the here

gano"'sak'da'side

ga"he\ds.

Ne"'tho'The

u'wa"'

ni'hono"'sa'ie"'

ne"'the

ha'sennowa'ne"'lie

e"djinia'khe',theye two will marry.

chief(is)

Hao"'hwendjiawa"giHe-it-earth-holds

hofiwana"do'"'khwa'they him designate thereby

nethe

haongwe"'da'.his people.

Ne"The

ne"tho'there

he''sio'"there thouwilt arrive

nith

gano sgon wait

e"satgat'hwa'thouit

tcaVthe

IcdKi-

ill

wilt see

ha'degano''s'he'"

esge'"'nha'thouit

ie"'tho'there

ganak'do"'.it

na

lethe

wilt

mat

see

is

(bed) spread,

that(it is)

ne"tho'there

ganakda"ge'it

heMa'gii'helies

nethe

ha'.seiinowa'ne"'.hechief.

Tho"ge'At that

mat on

o'ne"'

ne"'tho'

e"sat'a"sa'ien'thou thy basketwilt lay

tea'' tea"the

non'we'place

ha'de'ha'si'dage"hen',just (where) his two feet are lying,

where

e'"si'hen''thouit wilt say,

df:

'

Wa'onginia'khe"."'

Hiia"

.ste"" anything

tha'he""he5".heit

Thou

I

marrvne'' tea'' he"da'ga' he lies where

will say.

Ne"' o'ne"'

e"io"gakit

na'ie'that(it is)

ne"tho^ e"'hie"^so'wasthere

will be-

he will spreadthee a

for

come nighttea''

mat

(bark)

non'we'

ha'de'ha'srdade'nio"'.

Ne"tho'There,

elfmoreover,

esenno""'hwet.thou wilt stay over night.'

Ganio"

'io'he""nha'it

e""he'hen^':t-

Satge""ha'.'

will

be day

he

it

will say:

Do thou ari.se.

HEWITT]

ONONDAGA VERSION1ic

153

there willso that

a kcttlo of wattM' set

on the

tire.

As soon

as

it

lioils

it is terrifying, thou must dissolve the meal therein. It must be boiling when thou makest the mush. He himself will ~]icuk. saying: 'Do thou undre.ss thyself." Moreover, thou must there undress thyself. Thou must be in thy bare skin. Nowhere wilt thou have any garment on thy ))ody. Now, the mush will be boiling, and A'erily. on thy bodj- will fall in places the the mush will be hot. He will say: "Thou mast not shrink hack from .spattering mush. Oo not it;' moreover, he will liaxc his eyes fixed on thee ther(\ So soon as it is cooked, thou shalt speak, shrink back from it.

saying: "Now. verily,

it

is

cooked: the mushthy.self

is

done."it

He

will arise,

and. moreovei'. he will remove the kettle, and set

aside.

Then,heare

he will say:will say:

"Do thouslaves,

'My

on this ye dogs, do ye two come.seat

side."

Now

then,

hither.'

They two

o'hne'gauosit

e''gana"djio'dak,it

Ganio"So soonas

ediowiia''he'"'ha"it

ne''tho'

water

kettle will

sit.

will up-boil

(fresh)

tea''the

deiodeno'"hiani''di'it is

o'ne""

ne"'tho'there

othe''tclia"it

terrifying

now

UK-ill

where

(Hour

he""sok,

De"diowiia'he""sekIt will

netl

o nenow

be up-boiling

e"sdjisgon'nia'. thou mush wilt

Ha'o"-He himself

hwiv

e"thada'dia"he will speak

^"'he^'hefi"':

Sadadia"dawi"da"sia'."'

Ne"'tho-

Do thou

thyself disrobe.'

di"moreover.

e^sadadia'dawi'diVsiii".thou thyself wilt disrobe.*

Sa"nesda'go"ksThou thy bare skinwilt be in

egen'k.it

Hiia"'N'ot

gat'kii"any-

will be.

where

da'de"djisadia'dawi"'dik.thou wilt be robed.

O'ne"" Now

ne''the

odjis'gwa' it mushSia"di"'ge' Thv bodv on

e"diowiia"he""sek,it

will be up-boiling,

o'dai'*hen'it is

e"ge'"ksit

ne"'the

odjis'gwa".it

hi'ia'of course

he"gaa''it

hot

will be

mush.

will beat-

come

sen'tachedtoit

tea"the

e''watdji.sgwadon'gwa'.it

itself

mush

will splatter.

E"'he""hen"': He it will say:'.\''gwi"

Hiiil"'N'ot(it is)

thofidu.sathou shouldst

where

do"''tka'.'flinch

Ne''tho*There.

di"'

de"iesaga"ha'k.

thonda'.sado''''tka'.

from

more-

Ganio"'So soon

e''ga'ikit

o nenow

de"tcada'dia'thou wilt speak

e'si^'heii"thou wilt

will be

O'ne"' Xow,dl"moreover

hi'ia"verily,

wa'ga'ik,it is

wa'gadjis'gwaik.'it

De"thatgt>""ha',Thence hewill up-rise,

cooked.

mushsi"'

is

cooked.'

o'nc now

c"'h^na"remove

djiodfi'gwa',the set kettle,

hagwa'diside ofit

e^'ha'ie"',heit

Tho"'ge".\tI

o'ne"now-

e"'he"'-

vonderfar

will set

that

down.ne''here

timet

hen":sav:

"'

SadieiT'Do thou sit

hagwa'di'."side of it."

Tho"ge'.\t

o'ne"'

"he"'hf'rrhe

that (time)

now

'

Agetchene""'sho"', My slaves several,

dji''hri',dogs,

ga'e'hither

dofide'sne'.'do ye two

Agwa'.Very

degui-

,

154

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGY

very large. As .soon as they two arrive he will say: 'Do ye two lick her body where tlie mush has fallen on it." And their tonprues are They will lick thee, going over thy whole body, like rough bark. Blood will drop from the places where they will all along thy body. Do not allow thy body to flinch therefrom. As soon as they lick. two finish this task he will say: 'Now, do thou again put on thy raiment.' Now, moreover, thou must again dress th^'self completely. At that time he will take the basket and set it down, saying, moreover: Now, thou and I marry." So now, so far as they are concerned, the dogs, his slaves, they two will eat."" That is what thi' dead man'

being told her.

Now. at that time, they verily laid their bodies It became night. down, and they slept. It became day, and the sun was present yonShe bore on her l)ack by the forehead der when the maiden departed.strap her basket of bread.

Now,

verily, she traveled with a rapid

^owa nenri,"

Ganio"So soonas

de"gni'io"'they two willarrive

large.

o'ne" now

e"'he"'hen":heit

Etchika'nent

will .xav:

na'ie"that(it isI

ne"'the

iagodjisgwa'hi"'i3o""."it

Na'ie"That(itis>

i

tea"'V

awe""na"'sirI

niiisli lias

fallen nplaeo.s.'

on her

the

their

I

tongues

gaeii'wiiit rough bark (tile)

nrio"t.si>

E"saka'nentill

e"tirse

its

(long)

da'die'.along(there).

O'ne"" Now

ne"'tho"then-

ge"-hio"'hwak'da"it

wa"died:i*'nha"she stoyipcil

ne"Ihr

river beside

wa'gadia'da"'do"". I mv wav (mypersiin)

Tho''ge'At that(time)

o'ne"'

sruo"k'dii".she turned baek.

now

have

lost.

,

156thiit I lost

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGY

wav." At that time lie said: '" The place that I had indiBut th_y person is so endowed with magic potence, thou hast iiumanent in thee so much orenda that it causes thy pace to be Verily, so soon as thou arrivest at the river, thou shalt cross swift. At that time the maiden said: "Oh, my it and also shalt ])ass on." '" So he it. Moreover, do thou take courage," father, now I depart." Now she again descended and said the dead man-heing in reply.

mv

cated

is far.

again went into the lodge.

There then she placed her basket of lirt^id on her back by means of It was early in the morning when she departed. She had been traveling some time when she was surprised to hear a man-being speak to her, .saying: " Do thou .stand, \erily." She didthe forehead strap.

not stop.

Aurora Borealistea"the

it

was who was talking.na

She had passedtea"the

tge"'hio"'hwada'die',thereit

le

gai'honniiV'ha'it it

where

river has course.

its

that

causes

where

ge"he"1

it

think

wa'gadiiVdiVdo"'." I lost mv wav(my person)."

Tho''ge"At that(time)

wa"he""hei

I'nt)""Far(it is)

tea"the

where

nofi'we'the placi-

hewfigiia'do"'.IhiTcIituilicMte.i.

\e"'tho'There

gwaseemingly

tea"

ni.saiadat'go"',so thy hotly.(is)

lungit'ally potent

disaennoii'de',so thou art magical (hast orenda).

na'ie'that(it is)

grii'horinia''ha"it it(

Ganio"thy gaitrapid.i

hi'ia'verily

So soon

he""sio"'there thouarrivest

tea"the

non wethe place

tge"'liio"'hwada'die"thereit

de"sia'"hia'kthou wilt crass

e".sa-

river has

it

course

thou

whe

dongo"dawilt pass on

Tho''ge'

ne"the

eksa'go'nii"maiden

wa'a'hefi":

"(I'ni'ha'',

o nenow

wa'ga'defi'dia"."1

"Nio""So beit.

Djia'ke""I>(> tlioii

df,"moreover.'

depart."

ni'ha'wt"'n' so he saidin reply

the

lake eourage,

hawe"'he'io""heis

O'ne"-

dondiiio"'"k\ve*ne"''da\thence she descended,

gano".sgon'wa'it

dead.

lodge in

nho"sa'ie"\thither again

she went.

O'ncY"

ne"tho'there

go a

sa

o"ha''gwa'it

waontge"dat.she bore it by the forehead-strap on her liaek.

her basket

bread

He"ge"djikEarly in the

o'ne"'"

go'deii'dion'.she departed.

Gain'gwa"Some(time)

nwa'onnis'he'so (long)it

oiitha"sheis

now

lasted

morning

hi'ne'travel-

o'ne'

wa''ondien"ha".she

gwa"seemingly

ofi'gwe"manbeing

gothofi'de"sheit

tea"the

now

was

heard

ing

surprised

where

da'hada'diathence he spoke.

i'ha'do"k: 'Desda"nha'he keptying;

hi'ia"."verily."

Hiia"Not(it is)

dsVdeiagoda"'!'.she did stop.

ro

thou stand

Hodonni'Ti'.He AuroraBorealis

na'ie"that

thot': la

.

(lain'gwaSomewhat

niio'we"soit is

gO(longo"di'she passed on

distant

ONONDAGA VERSION

15'}'

ne"''*'*'

na"'^'*^^

di"'

waagohecHllio

living

""

ksadaienda"'nha".nos.sesscdofaehild (gave birth to it).idly

di"'. m.jre over.

Gaende"'.so"'kIt-wind-goes-)ilurHlly

eia'dji'.""she is nameii."

Hiia''Not(it is)

(Gusts-of-wind)

ste""-t*-

de"aga'wen'sheit

ne"'the

ek.sa'go'nsi'she maiden(is)

na'i(5'that(it is)

ne"'Ilie

daioi'hwa"'klie'thence it reasonis

anvthing

said

tea"'-Le->

hiia''not at isi

de'a must lay me down. And, moreover, there where my head lies, there must sit my sjx)usc."' That is what he. the Ancient One, sang. Then the nuiiibeinos dwellinij- there became aware that their chii'f was ill.ill.

tea"'the

wa'shagotho'ie""liuluTtoMhi'ia'verily

ne"'thf

de'hia'di".tlwynii.l

Hiia"'Not

de'oiMnvishe"'!"il

two

I..111;

imitter

1

o'ne""

wa"agt)ksa"daiefida"'nha".she).uc-anif pi>ssus.sud.if

Hiia"'X..I

de'agosde'isdi".slic it iii.l iitlL-ntiim

nowNa'ie"Thnt(it is)

a

rliil.l.

-

gen'gwa"iililv

ne"'tho'there

hwa'e'iuMl"tliere slieit lai.i

tea"'the wllere

non'we"the phiee

ni'henno"'there he'^it

u^es

hwes'tha'to sleep

ne"the

htrsennowa'ne"".he chief(i.'i).

on

A\'ashe"'' Ten(it is)

niwendage''soit

nwa'ofi.so it

day liM

in

4

niuuber

ni'she"laste\v

\va"honwawennowe"''nha',he his word divined,

wii'he'"hen"' :heit

said:

"O'ne"' " Now

ni'IK,illy

M'a'he''dawennowe"''nha"I

ne"'the

his, ordure's.

Word have foumlna"'that

ahlv

shedwa",sen'no"'."he our chiefhr'fi".(is)."

Kodoiini'Ti" He .Vurora Borealiso'ne now

liofiwanaMo""khwa"thev (m.i

wa"heheit

designate

him

tl

Na'ic'That(it is)

ne''the ;

wa'houwatho'ie"'he himtolil

ne'the

Iia'sennowa'ne"'he chief(is)

tea

'

noriwa'ho"'dikind of thing

wailiidjis'tl

ik;

iiothwa'i'

wa'hatcenhe was

nofi'nia'.]ileased.

Na'ie'That(it is)

ne''the

o'ne""

wa'honwawennowe""'nha'he his Word divined

wa"he"''hen''heit

now

said:

" Nfi'ie'-khe""Thatis it

iwa'do"'it it .says

ne"the

sada'ii'.shwa' thv dream (luck)

na'iethatlitis)

gano weit

,

na

le

direful

(is),

that(it is;

e"ganowe""khe',it

na'ie'thatit is)

gi''she""

hiia"notlitis)

thaiesawennowe"''nhathev thy

direiul will

become

Word should divine

ONONDAGA VEKSIONdirefuli

173

And

yet,its

moreover,

soul craves; that

it is not certain tiiat this is wiiat thy eyes ma}' have seen thy standing tree. Tooth as

to kind, pulled up, in order that the earth be torn open,

and that

there be an abyss that pierces the earth, and, moreover, that there

beside the abyss one shall lay thee, and at thy head thy spouse shall

be seated with her legs hanging down into the abyss." At that time the chief said: "Ku"'." I am thankful! Now, verily, the whole niattcihas been fulfilled by thy divining my Word," During this time [the duration of the dream feast], a huge body of man-beings,'' paid a visit there. He, the Deer, paid a visit there. He. He, the Spotted the Great-horned Deer [the Buck], paid a visit there.

Fawn, paidNa'ie'That(it is)

a visit,

and was there seeking to divine thede'oi'hwado'ge"'it

Word

of the

di"moreover

ne''thu

hiia"'Tii.t

na'ie"that(Itisi

wadiidjTs'tha"it it

ne"thv

iimtter ci-rtain

iis|

iravts

(itisi

sathwa'i*,thy soul,

na'ie"thatlitis)

daioga'hii"'ikits

ne"'the

tea"'the

agaefidoda'gwe"kone should uproot standing tree

ne"'tin-

two fycsahoulrt have fallen oil itsueh

where

sadeiido'da"thou thvself treehast'set for

ne"'the

ono"'dja'it

nwa''gaendo"'de"".it

na'ie"that(it is)

diioi''hwa"them'cit

tooth

tree

(isi

kind

of.

is

reason

awado^'hwendjiadefha"it itself

ruo'sade""ha"it

h;t"daiao"'liwendjiongo'"da".justit

earth should cause to gape

comeNii'ie'

cave should to he

earth should transpierce,

ne"the

ne"'tho'there

di"'

o'sadage"'hia'da"it

he"iesenda'gan'there they thee will lay

ne"tho'there

That(it is)

moreover

cave edge of

di"'

tea"'the

hesno"'ha'ie""there thy .scalplies

ne"tho'there

o'sadagon'wa'it

ha"de"iago'si"de""just her

moreover

cave in

two

feet will

wherene"'the

doii'nio"kseverally

dedjia'di'.""one thou areone."

Tho"ge'.\t

ne"'the

ha'sefinowa'ne"'he chief(is)

hang

that (time)

wa'he"'hen"':heit

"Ku"."Ku".ne"'the

Niiawe""ha-'.I

said:

nin thankful.

O'ne"' Now

hi'ia"verily

wa"gai'hwtiiei"'khe"it

matter

is fiiUilled

hegagwe'gi"entirely(it all)

tea"'the

wa"sgwawennowe""'nha"."" ye my Word have divined."

Na'ie"

ne"

.

174chief.

IBOQUOIAN COSMOLOGYHe.the Bear, alo paid a visit.

Now, he

al^o, tiie

Beaver, paid

a visit.

And

he, the Wind-who-iuove.s-about-t'rom-plaee-to-plaee, paid

a visit also.al.so,

And now,avisit.

also, he, the Daj'lijiht,

paid a

visit.

Now

she

the Night, the Thick Night, paid a

visit.

Now

also

she. the

Star, paidvisit.

Now,

also, he,

the Light-orb [the sun] paid a

And,also,

too, the Water-of-springs, she paid a visit.

Now,

al.so,

she, the Corn, paid a visit.

Now,

also, she, the

Bean, paid a

visit.

Now,

she, the Squash, paid a visit.

flower, paid a visit.

Now,

also, the Fire

Now, also, she, the SunDragon with the body of

pure white color, he paid a visit. Now. also, the Rattle paid a visit. Now, also, he, the Red Meteor, paid a visit. Now, also, he, the Spring Wind, paid a visit. Now. also. he. the GreatTurtle. paid a visit. Now. also. he. the Otter, paid a visit. Now, also. he. the Wolf, paid

rwa'thwa'.

O'l

o^nfalS'i

Nagaiffgl'Beaver

wa'hagwat'hwii".hevisitert

Tea"'The where

(there).

(iaeii'de's

o''ni'

wu'iiaawat'hwa".

O'

o"nralso

ne"the

Ha'deio'It

hat'hekLightof

wa'hagwat'hwa'.hevisiteil

O'ne"" Now

o"'ni'nlsii

A'soiT'lie".It

Deioda'It

XiKlit,

Day

(there

I.

soiidait;:!'

wa'es-wat'hwa".(therej.

O'ne"'

o^'ni'

''

Odjisdano"'gwa'Itstar(si..,tj

Darkness

wa"egwat'hw;V.she visited(there).

O'ne"" Now

o''ni"also

tea"'the

Gaa"'gwa"It

\v;l"hagwat'hwa'.he visited(

Orh

of

wheretea"'th.

Light

{Siitii

therei.

Na'ie'

o"'

Ga'hne's'o"Water

Wii"egwat'hwa".she v(theiited

O'ne""

o'"ni"als.

ne"the

6

ThatOnt'"'"htr

wliere

wa'egwat'hwa".she visited(there).

0'nt">"'

n''u}'also

ne"ilie

()"sa'he"'da"It

wa"egwat'she visited(there).

7

It

Corn

Now

Bean

hwfi".

O'nt"^""

o''nralso

ne"the

O"hnio""'s!i"US.inash

WiVegwat'liWi'i".She visited(there).

8

Nowo"'nrlie"'

O'ne"' Now

Oa"we""'sii"It

wrregwat'hwa".she visited(there).

9

also

the

Sunflower

O'ne"' Now

o".nral.so

(ia"iursefiIt

dic'tha"

owil'he'sdo'go""it

10

Fire-dragono^'iii"

white pure(is)

ni"hai!i"do"'de"' sueh his bodv kindof(is)'

WiVhagwat'hwii".he visited(there).

O'ne"' Nowtie"

ne"'the

(Ta'stawe""sivIt

wsi'hagwat'hwii".he visited(there).

O'ne"'

o"'ni"

11

also

Rattle

Hada w ine' thii"1'2

wa" hagwat'h wa"he visited(there).

He (Red MeteorI

ne"da'13

wa'hagwat'h'wa''.he visitedI

O'nt"'

Nowo^'ni"also

there).

wiVhagwat'hwa".1-1

he

visiteil

O'ne"' Now

(there).

ONONDAGA VERSIONa avisit.

175

Now.

also,

he, thevisit.

Duck, paid a

visit.

Now,

also.

lie.

the

Fresh Water, paid avisit.

Now,

also, he, the

Yellowhauniior. paid

Now,

also,

he, the Medicine, paid a visit.

Moreover,

all

things that are produced bythatis.

themselves, that produce themselves,

thing's,

of every species,

the animals, and. next to them, the small animals, the flyingNow, sometime afterward, all paid a visit.

ho. tho

Aurora Borealis. paid

a visit.^'erily.

divined the "Word of the chief,

And. verily, he it was who he said: "'The great standing-

And wherever it has a root tree, the Tooth, must be uprooted. there severally they must stand, and thej- must sevei'ally lay hold of And just then, and not before, shall they be able each several root.toall

uproot the standing- tree. The earth will be torn open. Moreover, persons must look therein. And there, beside the abyss, theyTha'hion'ni"

O'ne"'

o"'ni"

wa'hagwat'hwa".

tlie

Duck

17(3

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGYlaj'

must

thee.

Now, moreover, theresit

dost abide must

at thy head she with whom thou with her legs hanging down into the abyss."I

Then, verily, the chief replied, saying: ' Ku''. ye have divined my word. Now all things haveVerily,tree,it

am

thankful that

])een fultilled."

did thus

come

to pass that they did uproot the standing

Tooth, that gi-ew beside the k)dge of the chief. And all the inhal)itants of that place came thither with the intention of looking It did thus come to pass that everyone that dwelt into the abyss.there did look therein.his spouse:

At

that time the chief then said, addressing

''Now, too, let us two look into the abj'ss. Thou nuist bear her, Zephyrs, on thy back. Thou must wrap thyself with care." Now, moreover, he gave to her three ears of corn, and, next inO'ne"'di"over

da'giiii'.lay.

tea"the

nofi'we'the place

nisno"'hii'ie"''there thv scalplies

ne"tho'tlu-i-e

e"ietslie

where

will

go'daksit

desni"den\the

o'sadagofi'wiVit

ye two abidetogether.

abyss in

hiVde"iago'si"dli,)uldst

matter small(is)

11

pluck out

na'ie'that(it is)

dofidas'gwe"'."thouit

shouldst give

Wtl"he"'he He it sni inside of tiie eartii. At this time Sapling again traveled at)out. Then lie was suipiiscd that, seemingly, a man-being came toward him. and his name was Hadu"i". They two met. The man-being Hadu'i", said: '" Wlinr is the place whence thou dost come? " The Sapling said: "' am going about viewing the earth here present. Where is the place wiicnec thou dost conie?" Hadu'i' said: "From here do I come. am1

1

niiawesoit

i

tea"where

wa'dwatde'nfie"'tho'there

o'tgo"'otgon

waVa'do",it

na

le

da:

camepass

to

(theyjberame.le

that(it is)

hwa'k'he"

tea"wliere

nwa'awe'"'htrsoit

na

ne"

o'dirrktheytz.) are some

na

le

came

to pass

tlwt

that(it is)

deioiinadennondiV gwi'

ne''

aiagawe"'ni'sei"kda''gwe"'

ne"'

oii'gwc',being(s

na

16

nethe

df

o"'hwondjiagon'wa'it

tgon'ne's.

that(it is)

earth in (side)

Ne"tho'Theredistant

o nenowo'ne"'

he"'again

doiisa'hadawen'ie"

OdendofiIt

Sapling.

ni a".

Tho"'ge''At that(time)

wa'hadieiT'ha"he was surprised.

now

na

le

ne ne"tlie tlxe

Hadu"!"''Hadtt*'i'-

haia'dji'.heis

timt(it is)

called.

hen'gwe', ne" he man-being coming (is "VVa'thiada"'nha'. Wa'he"'hen"' They two met. He saidda'^he"is

gwa

seem-

thence he

ingly.

hefi'gwe'he man-V>ein^'hefi"'

e"'iie

Hadii"i":Hadu"i':

"(jain""Where

nofi'we"the place

nonda'se"thence thou

? ""

WiVhe"Hesaid

didst come'.'"

ne"the

Odendoiini"':!':It

" Agekdotinioii'die's"I

tea"the

io"'hwendjiit

Sapling:

them am goingviewiug

aliout? ""

earth

is

prcs-

where

eiit.

a'de".

Gaiii"Where

;

nofi'we'the place

nonda"'se"thence thou

Wa'he"'hen"'Heit

ne"'the

said

10

Hadu"'i'Harlu"i-:

'Tho'ne"""Here

nonda'g'e"

dewagadawenie'ha'die", I am traveling about.

I"

hi'ia'

11

"In English there is no approximately exact equivalent of the term otgon. which is an adjective form denotive of the deadly, malefic, or pernicious use of orenda or magic power reputed to be inherent in all beings and bodies. It usually signilics deadly in deed and monstrous in aspect. 'The Onondagas call this personage Hadu'i", the Senecas. Shagodiiowe'gowS. and the Mohawk.s, .\koiiwara'. The Onondaga name is evidently connected with the expression hadu'ii', signifying "he is hunch-backed," in reference to the stooping or crouching posture assumed by the impersonator, to depict old age. The Seneca name means, "He, theGreat One, who protectsthem = human beings)," and the Mohawk name. "The Mask," or "It, the Mask." All these names are clearly of late origin, for they refer evidently to the being as depicted ceremonially in the festival for the new year. The orenda or magic power tjf this being was believed to be eiTicacious in warding off and driving away disea-sc and pestilence, as promised in this legend, and hence the Seneca name. The Mohawk epithet arose from the fact that the impersonator usually wears a mask of wood. But these etymologies do not give a definite suggestion as to what natural otiject gave ri.sc to this personification, this concept. But from a careful synthesis of the I'hief characteristics of this personage, it seems very probable that the whirlwind lies at the foundation of the coueepiiou.(

"

198going about traveling.here present."

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGYVerily,it is I

who am

the master of the earth

At

that time the SaplingIfit

.said:

"I

it is

who

finished

the earth here present.

so be that thou art the master of the

move "I ean do it." At that time he said: " Do thou, yonder mountain, eome hither." Then the}' two faced aViout. Sometime afterward they two now faced back, and, moreover, saw that the mountain had not changed its position. At that timeearth here present, art thou able to cause j'onder mountain toitself

hither?"

Hadu'i' said:

present.

Sapling said: " Verily, thou art not the master of the earth here Now, next in time, I I, as matter of fact, am master of it. will speak." He said: '"Do thou, j'onder mountain, come hither."

Now

they two faced about.

And

as quickly

as

they two faced

about again the mountain stood at their backs. The Sapling said: ''What sayst thou? Am I master of it?" Then Hadu'i' said: '"ItgiaI

dagweit

ni 10

tea"

o"'hwendjia"ge'."it

Tho"ge'At that

wa'he"'hen"heit

am

master ofI"'

earth on."

said

Odendorini"a':theIt

aksa"'i'I it

tea"the

io"'hwendjia'de".it

The"Thus,

Saplins:

"Ii's

finished

earth

is

present.

where

gwa'

efi'kit

do'gCsit is

sia'dagwe'ni'io'thouit

tea"the

io"'hwendjia'de',it

may

true

thou

art master of

earth

is

present,?

where.sige"" yonder

sagwenion'-khe"'thouit

ga'e"hither

nofida'we'thenceit

tea"the

diiononda"ha'

art able

art

to

do

thou

WiVhe'"hen"Heit

mthe

Hadu"i':Hadu"i':

"E"kgwe'nia'."Iit\

Tho"ge'

o'ne"'

said

wa'he"'hen":heit

"Ga'e""Hither

nonda"se'tliencedothou

diiononda"ha'.thereit isit

Tho"ge'At that

said:

mountain

eome

rise:

wii'hiatga'hade'nf.they two faced about.

Gain'gwii'.Some (time)

nwa'onni'she"So (long)la.stedit

o'nti

doiisa'hiatga'haagain they two faced

de'ni'

o'ne'"

di"

hoii.sa'hiatgat'hwiVagain iience thev two looked"

gadoge""it

ni'dio'tsotl

tea"where

onofimounhi'ia'verily,

unchanged(is)

it

da"ha'.tain rises up.

Tho"ge".\t tliat

Odendonni"a'It

wa'he"'hcn":heit

" Hiia""

Sapling

said:

Not

(time)

(it is)

de'siiVdagwe'ni'io"thouit

tea"tlK-

o"'hwendjia'de\it

I"I

se"itisamter offt

iiVdagwe'ni'io'.1 it

art master ot

eartli is present.

am

master

of.

wlierc

O'ne"" Nowda".se'tliou

i"I

o""ki'ue.xt1

de"tgada'di:V.""f

Wa"he'"hen'Heit

^Ga'e^Hither

nont

will talk out."

said:

hence

^iw""

disnorida'"ha\"thethoart rising up.

O'ne"'

Wii'hiatga'hade'nfthev two faced about.

Ne"tho'There

niio snosoIt is

we

deshofinatga'hade'nion"they two again faced back

o nenow

ni"sho''ne'

diionon-

rapid

da'-hif

Wa"he""hen"Heit

ne"the

Odendofini"a':It

" Hatc'kwi',"Whatsayst

i'

gwenI it

said

Sapling:

I

am

ONONDAGA VERSIONis

199

true that thou art master of

it.

Thou

hast finished the earth liere

present.live.'

Thou

shouldst have pity on nie that I

may

be suffered to

keep sayiniist

ne"the

Odefidonni"a*.It

9

scores (vol-

Sapling.

O'ne"' Now

unteered]

where

tho"gc"1"at that

ne"the

Odendoiini"a'It

wfi'he"'hen":heit

"Son""Who(is it)

di"moreover

uonwa'ho"kind of person

Sapling

said:

(time)

de"'I-'-

e"'hoio"d6"'"ha'heit

ne"the

ga'hofi'wa'?"it

Wa'he"'hen"Heit

ne"the

will

work

at

canoe?"

said

j,^

Nagiliir'gf:Beaver(Stick-cutterI

"I"'I

hiifi'verilv

e"ge'sen'niiX'." I it will make."nfi'ic"that(it is)

Hefi'gwe'He manbeing(is)

thi'haia'da'de',he another person is,

-to

Kwe""kwe"'Yellowhammer("'"ksadofi'nia'."

ni'ha'sefino"de"' such his name (is)in kind

ne"the

wahc"'hefi":heit

"I""I

saiil

Tho"ge'.Uthat(time)

o'nt'""

thigondiiii'dade'nio""they(z.)

o"ni'also

wa'hathey (m.)

l"-t

I trough (hoilow)." will make

now

other individuals severally (are)

:

:

ONONDAGA VERSIONthoI'iinoe.Ill

208yeiiiuke hasteit, iiiukiii

There

Ssiplini;-

kept

suyiii"-:

"DoAt

in

the

woik."the

a hort time, now, verily, they tinishedinto

aeanoe.

Quiekl}', now, they prepared themselves.

that time they laiinehed

water. Then Sapling said: ''Moreover, who shall steer the canoe T" Beaver said: "I will volunteer to do it."

canoe

the

Otter also said: "I, too." Now they went aboard and departed. Then Sapling said: "'In steering the canoe, thou must guide it eastward." Now, it ran swiftly as they paddled it onward. It was night; it was in thick darkness; in black night they propelled the cauoe onward. After a while, seemingly, they then looked and saw And when they arrived at the place that daylight was approaching. whither they were going it was then davlight. Thev saw tiiat there

dii'hwasteis'dii'.

Tho"ge'At that(time)

o'ne'iKiw

wa'hodiio'de"'hii'they (m.)e"'it

wtX'hadi'hoiTthey (m.)

worked

at

made

Ne*'tho'

i'ha'do"kheit

Odendonni'It Sapling':

:

"Hau","Come,wil'hofidithey (m.)

kept

he

yintf

deswa'nowaia'he'"'hiiI

.

Niioi'hwagwa'hii''Soit is

o'ne"^

li'ia"verily

a short matter

now M-

efino'k'de"'

wa'hadi'honioii'nia'.

Wil'dwakdrfa"It is

o'ne'"

a short spaee

now

WiX'honde"sa'. they made themselves ready.

Tho"ge'At that(tu

o nenow

awe gewater on(in)

hwa'hofina'di"thither they (m.i eastit

ne"the

ga'hon'wii'.it

eanoe.

Tho"ge'At that(time)

wa'he"^ 'hen"heit

n

Odeiidofini"It

aid

Sapling:

"Soil" "Who

dVmore-

nonwa'ho"'de"kind of person

e"theunidenwa''dtrhe the canoewill guide?"

Nagaia"grBeaver(Stick-Cutter)

WiVhe"'hen":heit

said

:

"l"

e"aathone'a'ia'k.''I

Skwa'ie"

wii"be"'hen":lie itI

will volunteer.'

Tho-'geAt that

WiVhofidi'dak,aboard,

o'ni''

wa'hoii'den'dia'.they (m.) departed.

O'ne"' Now(it is)

!>

Odendoniii":!It

w^a'he"''hen":heit

" Tgaa'gwi'tge"'s"

ne"siea"divthither thou wilt directit

Sapling

said

There

it

sun

rises

10

tea"the

e"senniden'wa"da\"till

O'ne"'No

hi'ia"

deioii"dadi'*

tea"the vhere

hodigathey (m.)

running

11

where

we'ha'die".go along rowing.

Deio"gas, deioda'soiidai'go"'.It is night,

o'sondagonwa'sho""gowa'it

two

it

darkness to darkis

blackne.ss (night) in along great

12

ness (y>iteh-dark)

joined,

ue'

ne"tho' hadi'honiofi'dic".there

Dien"'ha''Suddenly,

gwa"

o'ne"' wa'hofitgat'hwiVthey (m.) looked

they (m.) go along propelling the canoe.

13

eiide''

daio'do"'ha'die'.

Ne"The

o nenow

wa'hadi'io"'they (m.) arrived

ne"the

tea"the vhere

14

non we"the place

hwa'hen'ne"

efide"'

o'ne"'now.

Wa"hontsfat'iiwa"

ne"tho'there

15

204

IROQDOIAN COSMOLOGY

[ETH. ANN.

'21

was there, seemingly, an island, and they saw that the trees standing tall, and that some of them were bent over, inclining far over the sea, and there in the water where the tree tops ended the canoe stopped. Then Sapling said: "Moreover, who will go to unfasten the light orb [the sun] from its bonds yonder on the tree top?" Then Fisher said: "I will volunteer.''' Then Fox said: "I, too At that time Fisher climbed up high, and passed [will volunteer]." along above [the ground]. He crossed from tree to tree, going along on the branches, making his way to the place where the diurnal light orb was made fast; thither he was making his course. But. in regard In a short time Fisher to Fox, he ran along below on the ground. then arrived at the place where the diurnal light orb was made fast.there were very

gwa"seemiiigly,

tga'hwe"no',thereit

wa'hadi'ge"'thev (m.)it

ne"tho'there

ga'hi'do"'it

agwa'svery(it is)

island

saw

tree stands

floats,

plurally

gaefi'he'dji'sit

agwa'svery(just)

deiotcha'kdofi'nio"',they(z.)

ha'deioden''ha'k'donniori'-

tree trunks (are)

are bent severally

long

(tall),

gania'da'ge"sho'"it

hagwa'di',side ofit,

ne"'tho'there

tea"

non wethe place

lake (sea) on along

awe"'ge"it

hegaen'hade'nio"*thercit treesend severally

ne''tho'there

dondagadiVnha'thereit

water on(in)

stopped

sra'hon'wa.

Tho"ge'At that(time)

o nenow

wri'he"'hefi'' he it said

nethe

Odendofini"iVIt

Sapling:

"Son"Who(isit)

df'moreover

nonwa'ho'"de'kind of person

e"'haniiondagwa''ha'heit

si"der

tganiiofi'da'

will

go

to

unfasten

ne"the

tea"the

hegaen'hage'hia'da'thereit

gaa

gwa 'yit

^aia nisFisher

tree top

ends

sun

where

(orb of light)

w;i"he"'hen":hoit

"1",

egathonga'ia'k.I will

Sge"'hnak'se"'Fox

WiVhe"''hen":

said:

volunteer."

"I"'I

o"iir."'also."

Tho"ge'At that(time)

o'ne" now

wa'haa"the"'heit

'"'i

Sgaia'nisFisher

climbed

1

e

he'tge"" IDup high

ni'hodoiigo'di'ha'die".there he passed along.

\Va"haen"hiia"'kho"\

o'sgo'ha'ge"it

bough on along

sho"'

ne''tho'(he:

ni'hat'ha'hi'nethere he traveled along,

ne"tho'there

nhwa'he"thither he

tea"the

noii'we'the place

11

was goingiie'tho'there

where

tganiiofi'da"1 '>

endek'hadiurnal

gaa' gwiiit

nhwa'hawenoiThfi'thither he was

~

there

it is fas-

sun (orbI,

making

tened up

of light

die'.

Ne"'Thethat

na"that

Sge""hna'kse"'Fox

e'da"ge"down(on the

ni'hadak'he'.there he ran.

13

one

ground)

Wa'dwakda'sl"1415(it is

In a short time close apart)

o'ne" now

nc

Sgaia'nisFisher

o'ne"'

hwa'ha'io""there he arrived

tea"

now

non wetlic i.lace

to'auiion'dcVthereit is fas-

nethe

gaa gwait

Gondadie"'At once

WiVhatcho'hi'heit

sun.

bit repeatedly

tened up

ONONDAGA VERSIONAt once berepeatedly' bit that

205

by which it was secured, and, severiii'

'A"gwi'diiot'gont."always."

hwen'do"*ever

one

a'she'nigo''"hahetge'"'da'. thou her mind shouldst hurt(grieve her

E''shenoe"'khwiikThou hershalt hold

Tho"ge'At that(time)

mind)

wa'he'hen"lie it said,

wa'shagowe"hashe her addressed

ne"the

ne"tho'there

e"den':she

"Wedjini"

Ye two

abode

ak'he'marry

neiige""ha'this

hon'gwe'he humanbeing.

E"shenoe"'khwak.Thou himshalt hold

Ne"tho'There

one

dear ever.

nigai'hwe'ssoit matter long (is)

ne"the

gado'ge"'certain place (is)it

e"tcia'diei5'ye two will abide

tea"the

nige""so it faris

where

ge"'he'io'"it

de''djisnikha"sia'.againit

Diiot'gontAlways

de"djiadadatnoe'"khwak.

death

you two

will

separate.

O'hgnda'ie"It

swa'hio'na'it

esni'nigo"'ha"k.ye twoit

Doga"a''A''gwi'"

niio'hoiido'da'

grove

lies

fruit large(is)

mil care

for.

tea"

is'

tcia'we"'."

Wa'he'hen"hiia"not(it is)

di":

df',

nethe that

na'that

Do

it

not,

thither ye

nhe"djiie'a' two it

tea"the

de'tcia'we"'ve twoit

E"snii'hwane'a'gwa'Ye twowill

own.

make

a

vay

will

do (touch it) where

mistake

Miat all

gwaseemingly

nethe

hiia"not(it is)

is'

ye

de'tcia'we"' ye two ownit

nethis

nhe"djiie'a'."thither ye

rents

wayste""anything

two will do (touch it)."

it

Ne"tho'There

ni'io'tsoit is

de'hni"den'they two (m.) abode togethershe human being (is)

hiiii"not(it is)

de'hoiiwasteis'tha'

ne"

hoiTgwe'he

ne"the

agon'gwe'.

Hiia"Not(it is)

ne"the

hadji'na'he male(is)

de'shagostei.s'tha'he her paid any attention to

humanbeing

ne"the

e"he'.she

De'hnida'ga',Theytwo(m.)

de'hnida"wi'they two (m.) sleep together

ge"'s.ens-

male

fe(is).

down

lay together,

O'ne"' Now

gaiii'gwa'some(time)

tomarlly.

,

ONONDAGA VERSION

211

seeing the condition of things, thought of what he might do to arouse Then he went forward to the place the minds of the two persons.

where hiy tlie male person sleeping, and having arrived there he removed a rib from the male person, and then, next in turn, he removed a small rib from the sleeping female man-being. And now, changing the ribs, he placed the rib of the woman-being in the male human man-being, and the rib of the male human man-being he set He changed both alike. At that time in the human woman-being. As soon as she sat up she at once seized the the woman-being awoke. And, as soon as place where was lixed the rib that had been hers. she did this, then the man-being, too, awoke. And now, verily, they both addressed words the one to the other. Then Sapling was highlynwaonni'she'so longit

ne"tho'ther

is'he"again

shagodiiadi'siVi'

lasted

he

wa' hatgat' h w a"hoit

tea"thf

niiodie'e"soit

o nenowi

wa'henno'don'nio'heit

ho'twhat(it is)

looked at

has done tea''the

thought repeatedly

here

nonwa"ho''de""kind of thing

na'haie'ii' ^(1 he it should do

hodi"nigo'"hawen'ie\it tlu-ir

Tho"ge'At that(time)

two minds shouldamuse.noil' we"the place

where

wa'ha'den'dia'he started

ne"tho"

nhwa'he"'tliither

tea*'the

heiida'gii'he lay

ne"the

he

wenthadji'nii' he male(IS)

where

hodiV'wi".he slept (was asleep).

WiVha'io"Hearrived

ne"tho'there

o'ne"'

wa'ha' nioda'g wa'

now

sga'da'one itis

o'stie'"'diV it bone

o'de^'ga',it rilj.

o nenow

o""ke"'

ne"

e"he"'

tea"

godiV'wi"

o nenowthat

wa'ha'nioda'ffwa'one

ago'de"ga'her rib

tea"

O'ne"-

ne''tho'there

wa'thade'ni'

ne"'the

o*de"'ga';it

Now

rib(s):

naiethat(it is)

ne"

e"he"'

ago'de"ga'her rib

ne"

hadji'na'

wa'ho 'de'gae' de"'he himset rib in.

o'ne"'

df

ne"

212pleased.

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGY

[etii. a

.-n.

21

He

said:

"

Now

I

tell

}'ou

both that, in peace, without

ceasing ye both must hold one the other dear. Thou wilt do evil shouldst thou address unkind words to the one who abides with thee And, next in turn, he addressed the male in this particular place.

human man-being,with

saying:

"Do

not thou ever

come

to dislike her

thou dost abide. The two human mp,n-beings that I have made are sufficient. The ohwachira [blood-family, offspring of one mother] which ye two will produce will till the whole earth." Then

whom

he again separated from them. It thus came to pass that he notictnl that his brother, Flint, was at work far away. Then he ordered one, saying: "Go thou after him who is at work yonder; he is my brother, Flint." At that time a person went thither, and said: "I have come for thee. Thy brother.

de"hiadadwermaa"'senk.1tlicv

Tho"ge'At that(time)

oonvcrsed togetherrepeiiteilly.

o'ne"' now

agwa'svery

wa'hatcefmofi'nia'liewiisghid

ne''5i

Odendonni"a\It

the

Sapling.

Wa'he"'hefi"': Ho it said:

O'ne""

sken'no"'peaeefiil(iti,i

wa'I

"Now

giatho'ie"'

tea"'the wliere

heiotgonda"gwi'heneeit is

de"tciadadnoe""khwrik.ye two will each other

3

you two

tell

nnending

E"sei'Thou

(unceasing)

hold dear.

hwanc'a'gWiX'

doga"tif it

ne"the

gawenna'het'ge"'it

e"'he*sefi"hasihonlier wilt

ne"the

45

wilt err

so

word

evil

i.s

say to

be

gado'ge"'itisacertain(place)

desni^'defi'." ve two abide."

Nfi'ie*

o""'ke"'next in time

ne"llie

luidji'Mu"he mal.'

waiiolie

That(itjs)

him

we"has6addres.sed

wa'he"iien":heit

'"A"gwi'"DiMtlint

hwen'do'"ever

:l'sii('shw:i'he""ha'thmi should.ft hate her

said:

ne"i

de'sni^'den'.ye two abidetogether.

Ne"'th"There

ha'degfiic'i'jiLst it is suf-

dcgni"'twoisit

the

ficienl

wa'tge'st'iTnia' I them two have maden:T'i(>'

ne"

ofi'gwe'.

O "

thei's

humanbeing(s).

I)e"ga'hefi"nhii' It will becometilled

tea"the

niio"'hwen'djia",soit

ne"the

earth

is

large,

thatlit is)

where

ye

C'tciathwadjieiTniii'."' ye two will makeiS'e"tho'

O'ne'" Nowtea"the

deshonnadekha"'sion".again they (m.) have separated themselves.

dVmoreover

niiawe""!'soit

J-'-'

There

cameia.ss

o'ne"' now

wa'hatdo'ga"heit

tea'the whi-re

notieeil

to

where

yonder

thoio"de"

ne"the

de'hiade"'lmon'da"they two are hrolliers

ne"lie-

O'ha'a'.It

11

there he

is

Flint.

O'ne"" Nowsi"'

wa'hahe one

working

de"'nh:l"nha' 12 commanded

wa"he""hf'ri":lie it said:

'"

Hetchi'hno"'kse"There go ye after him

n(>"the

thoio"de'there heis

"

yonder

working

deiagiade""hnon'da"13oneI

ne"the

O'ha'a'.''It Flint."

Tho"'ge"At thattime

are brothers

o'ne"" now

n('"tho'tluTe

nhwa'he"11thither he

ne"the

shaia"dilda'lie!:>

wti'he"'hen":heitsaid:

"'Dagon'hno"'kse'"

oue persou

went

Thenee I thee have come for.

ONONDAOA VERSIONSiiplwig. has sent

218'I'hcuI'lint

me

to

briiiji'

thee with inc.

said:

"I

am

work. By and by I shall complete it. and then, and nut het'ore, lie ai^ain departed. lie arri\ (m1 hiniie. and morewill 1 go thither." shall over, he hroiifjht word that Flint had said: " am at wmk. complete it hy and l>y, and then, not before, will I gii thither to tiiat place." ]h- said: "Cto thou thither again. T have a mattci- alxiut which 1 wish to converse with him." Again he arrived there, and la^ lie rejilied, said: '" He would that thou and he should talk together." saying: "Verily, I must tirst complete my work, and not until that time will I go thither." Then ho again departed thence. Agaiti he arrived home, and he said: " He yonder did not consent to come." At that time Sapling said: '"He himself, forsooth, is a little more imporMoreover, I verily shall go thither." Thereupon Saptant than I. When he arrived Flint did not notice it. ling went to that place.at1 I

Hage'nhiVi'ha'die' He me has ordered incoming

ne"'the

dedjiade"'hnoiTda'lie

ne"'the

Odendonni'Ti'."It

thou are brothers

Sapling."

O'

ne"'

O'ha'il'

w:Vhe'"hen":

"Wagio"de".*

E"geiennendii"idia'I

I nil

1

irking.

task will finish

ge"Mjik'.by imdby,

hif'saj ust ther (not befor

le-'th.there

niien

geI

Sa'ha'den'dia".Again he departed.

thither

will go.'

Sa'ha'io"Again hereturned,

o nenow

di"over

sa'hatho'ia'again heit

tea"the

nonwa"ho"'dt'"kind of thing

he"-.

told

rhere

heii"

nahaStt

lethat

:

' Wagio"'de'.r.rk.

E^geiennendiVidia"I

ge"'djik'li.\

that

task will finish

and by

o nenowhonsa'se''there again

ne*'tho'then, before) there

11

lien

ge

.

Wahe">heir':Heit

thither I will go."

said:

'Ne"'tho', ThereHoiTsa'Thereagain

Agei'hwa'ie"'I

tea"'the

ge'he"'I it

daiagitha'eii"."

a matter

have

desire

do thou

go.

where

ha'io"', hearrived.

wa"he"'henheitsai.l:

' De'hodo'"hwendjion'niks" It

him

is

necessary for

dae.snitha'efi"." ye twoshouldconverse together.^'

Da'hiii'hwsVsa'gwa"Heo'n"'"'

wallhe

"heii"':lact

10ge"11

ni-

has the face of

i.

'ha'

Na'ie'

le^'tho'there

hatgo'diihesits

ne

degens'gehorned owl.

Thigondiia'dade'nio"'

o"'ui',

Ne"tho'There

Wii'dwatde'ni"

gag we gi'it all.

12 daioi'hwa"khe' 13it is

tea"'the

ne"tho'

nwii'awe""hi1so it came to pass

tea"'

hiiii''

reason of

it

vhere

on14

gwe

de"gen'.

Wa'he"'heiTHeit

Odeudoiini"':!It

o nenow

humanbeing

said

Sapling

"The moiikey and

the ape were probably quite

unknown

to the Iroquois.

:

ONONDAGA VERSIONorenda:Itis

215

Verily,

it is

guod that thou..said:

Flint, .shouldst cease thy work.

a direful thing, verih*. that has

come

to j^ass. "

He

did not consent

to stop.

Then

Sapling-

" It

is

a marvelously great matter wherein

thou hast erred in not obeying me when I forbade thy working." At that time Flint .said: ""I will not .stop working, because I believe that Then Sapling .said: "Moreover. I it is necessary for me to work." now for.sake thee. Hence wilt thou go to the place where the earth is divided in two. Moreover, the place whither thou wilt go is a fine place." At that time he cast him down, and he fell backward into the depths of the earth. There a fire was burning, and into the fire he fell supine; After a while Flint said: '"Oh, Sapling! Thou it was exceedingly hot. wouldst con.sent, wouldst thou not, that thou and I should conversewfi'thaeiiVen' nia''"Oia'ne""Itis

hi'ia'verily

a'senni"he"\thoutea*'the ^vhereit

0-ha'a\It

good

shouldst

Flint,

cease,

tea"'the

saio-'de'.work.

Gano'we""It is direful

hi'iu"verily

nwa'awe"''hrr.'soit ha.'^

Hiia"Not(it is)

come to pa-'v';.'

where

de"hogaie""'i". he it consented to.

O'ne""

ne"'

OdendonnP'a'It

"Oi'heit sjiid:

Sapling

hwane'ha'gwatman'eloua matter

oi"hov\a'ne"'

wa'sei'hwane'a'gwa'thou hast done ^vrong

tea"'

hiiii"'

de'sathonda'di'thouit

tea

'

gofiia'his'tha'I

tea"'the

saio"de'."

Tho"ge'tea"the

hast consented

thee forbid doing

where

o nenow

ne"the

O'ha'ii'It

wri'he'"hen"heit

'Hiia"" Xot(it is)

thagenni"he'I it

Flint

said:

should cease

wagio''de'I

.swii'djik'because(too

ge"he''

deiodo"'hwendjio"hwi'it is

tea"the

wagio"'I

am

at work

lamthinking

necessan'

am

at

much)

where

work."

de"."

Tho"ge'.\t

o'ne"

ne"'the

Odendof5ni"a,'It

wa"he'hef5":heit

that

I

tune )

now

Sapling

said:

"O'ne"' "Xow

di"'

wa"gouiadweude"da'.I

Tho'ne"Here

nhe^'se"'thither thouShalt

tea"where

non wethe place

thee forsake.

go

dediio""hwendjio'ge''".there twoit

Ganakdi'io'It

di"'

ne"thothere

nhe"''se".

earth

is

divided

in.

place fine

(is)

Tho"ge'.^t

o'ne""

ne"'tho'there

he"honwaia"de'"'di'there he his bodycast

ne"the

o"'hwendjiait

that (time)

nowne"'tho"there

earth in

downdiiodek'ha"thereitisbuming

gonne"tho"there

lu^iiodaga"'!'.tliere

Ne"tho'There

odjisdagofi'wa"it

he

fell

fire in

supine.

he'hodaga"ithere he fell supine.

Heiawengo"di'Thereit .surpassis

o"dai"hen".it is

Gain'gwa"Some(limeI

hot.

ing

nwti'onni'she'soit

w:The""hen''heit

ue"the

O'ha'aIt Flint:

" Odendonni"'a'"It Sapling.

lasted

said

long

a'sathoiTdat-khe""thou wouldst consentwouldst thou

"a'so"'still

donsednitha'en'

P

Odendonni"a'It

wa

once again thou and I should converse together?

Sapling

"

216once more together?"

IROQTTOIAN COSMOLOGYSaplini>- replied,I will

[ktm.

comeforth

to pass.

Moreover,is

place where the earth

saying: "Truly, it shall thus appoint the place of meeting to be the divided in two." And Flint was able to comethat time then Sapling

from the

fire.

Atliy

went

thither,

going to

arrived there, and, moreover, he stood there and looked around him. He looked and saw afar a cloudthe point designated

him.

He

away whereon Flint was standing. Sapling said: '"What nuinncr of thing has come to pass that thou art departing hence away ? Flint answered: '"Irnvselfdid not will it." Sapling said: '"Do thoufloating

come thence, hitherward." At that time the cloud that was floating away returned, and again approached the place where Sapling stood. Then this one said: " How did it happen that it started away " Flint,'i

replying, said:

'"

It is

not possil)le that

I

personally should have willed

he""hen":it

" Do'ge"s"Itis

ne^'tho'there

ne''iawe""ha\soit

Ne"'tho'There

di" wiVgna'do"'"moreoverI it

said:

true

will come to pass.

appoint

tea"

deio"'hwendjio'ge"'twoit

ne"tho'there

dp"diad!i"nha."tho

WiVhatrwe'nia'

earth

is

divided in

O'ha'a'It

da'haiage""nhii"thenee he emergei-haps, thou wouldst consent that the place where I shall continue to he may

impossible for thee to do

What

f.

be

less rigorous.

place.'le.s.s

thou didst say: 'Thou art going to a very fine where thou wilt again put me be rigorous than the fonner." Sapling said: "It shall thus come

And

AndI

1 desire that the place

to pass.repent.'

mind

is

had hoped that, it may be, thou wouldst say. '1 now a matter of fact it did not thus come to pass. Thy unchanged. So. now. I shall again send thee hence. I shall

As

dondagenno""d(thereI it

could

will

Odefidonni"n U SapliriKhiia"'notlit is*'

w:Vhe"''hen"':heit

'

Ho't(is itI

nwa"soit

said:

"What

came

awe"''ha'to 7>ass

tea"'the

de"a'wetit is

donda'senno""'do"' i "lliero

Tho^'sre'

possi-

thou

it

couldst will?"

whero

wa'he"'hen'heit

O'ha'ft':It

Hiiii"Not(it is)

de'ne"'

tha'gie'il.'

OdendoiiIt

said

Fini:

Sapling

Trdi"'

wa"he"'h('

'Do'ge"sItis

hiia"not

de'a"wetit is

a'sgwe'nia',thou couldst beable to doit.

true

possi-

O'ne"' Nowse'he"'*thouit

hi'ia'

detcioiigni'tha'

o'ne"'.

Ho't

nonwa'ho''de"'kind of thing

de?

sirest*?

Ho'tWhat(is it)

nonwa'ho"de"kind of thin^

desado""hwendjion'ni"tbouit

tea"

donsednitha'en'

needst

once again thou and I houldoouverse together?"le

Wa'he"'heiT'Heit

O-ha'a':II

Aait is

nethe

wa geI

a

do'sra't

said

Flint:

ThatI

it

thoughttea"'

a'sathon'dat

thage"k'"a'il

na'j'anakdo''de"k

non'we'the place

shouldless

))e

where

e^ffi'dioii'dak.

Na'ie"That(it is)

ntb.

tea"'the thoI

i'hen":it

'Ne"tho'There

nhe"*se''thither thou Shalt go

didst

tea"

non wethe place

tganakdi'io'."there(is)it

Na'ie"That(it is)

ge'he"I it

thage"k"a'it

tea"the

place

desire

should be

fine;

less (severe)

where

naganakdo''de"ksuchit

tea"'the

non'wethe place

hon8asgi''den'."'there again thou me shouldst place,

Odeiidonni'Ti"It

wa'he

place be in

Sapling

kind

where

he"'hen"':it

" Ne"'thoThere

ne"iawe""ha'.soit

Na'ie'That(it isI

i1

ge''he''gwa' dieiT'ha"I it

said:

will come to i>ass.

had thought

after a

gwaseemingly,

s^'si'hc thou it1

Sagadathewa"dil"'

o'ne"'now.'

Hiia'Not(it is)

ne''tho'there

I

myself repent

dwrvawe""}!!!'. so it came to pas^.

Tc'ttigo^'hiigofi'da".

Da'',

o'ne"'

di"

he"sgonia-

218

IROQUOIAN COSMOLOGY

[eth.

seud thee to the bottom of the place where it is hot." Now, at that time his body again fell dowuwai-d. The place where he fell was exceedingly hot. At that time Sapling said: "Not another time shalt

thou come forth thence." Then Sapling bound poor Flint with a hair. And he bound him with it that he should remain in the tire as long as the earth shall continue to be. Not until the time arrives when the earth shall come to an end will he then agaiti break the bonds. Then Sapling departed thence. Moreover, it is said that this Sapling, in the manner in which he has life, has this to befall him recurrently, that he becomes old in body, and that when, in fact, his body becomes ancient nonnallj', he then retransforms his body in such wise that he becomes a new man-being again and again recovers his youth, so that one would thinkdennie"da'.teathe

Ne"tho'There

he"sgoniadennie"da'hence againhot."I

nethe

ga'no"'dea'"ge'it

thee

"vvill

send

bottom on

non'we'the place

diio'dai"hen'."thereit is

Tho"ge'At that(time)

o'ne" now

heshoiiX'de"i'there again his body fell down in it

where

o'ne"". now.

Ogeiii'sdi'It is

o'dai''hen"it is

tea"

non wethe place

he'hodaga"!'.there he fell supine.

exceeding

hot

Tho''ge'At that(time)

o'ne"' now

ne''the

Odeiidonni'It

wa'he"'hen'':heIt

" HiiiX""Not(iti.sl

ne"the

Sapling

said:

o'ia'it

donsasiag6""nha'.again thou shalt

Tho"ge'At that(time)

wa'hoiiwashain'de""he bound himne''the

ono""khvve"a'it

other(is)

hair

comei1

out."

wa'has'da'he usedit

Odendonni"a'It

0'ha'a'-ge""ha'It

Na'ie'That(it is)

nethe

.

Sapling

Flint

it

was.

nai

wa'honwashainda"gw;Vheit

tea"where

ne"ioiini'.she'las

6"io"'hwendjia'dekit

used to bind him

earth will continue to be present

ne"tho'there

he"'he"'den'dak

odjisdagoii'wa'.

Ne"tho'There

nige"so it faris

tea"

e"wado'"hwendjio"kde"it

o'ne""

de"shadesha'iii"k.

Tho"ge'.it

earth

itself will

end.

that (time)

o ne now

ne"

Odendorini"a

ONONDAGA VERSIONthat he had just thenarily has

219

grown to the when he reaches the youth

size

of man-beings, as manifested

which a man-l)eing customby

the change of voice at the age of puberty. Moreover, it is so that continuously the orenda innnanent in his body the orenda with which he suffuses his person, the oi-enda which he projects or exhibits, through which he is possessed of force and potency is ever full, undiminished, and all-sufficient; and, in the next place, nothing that is otkon" or deadly, nor, in the next place, even the

Great Destroyer, otkon in itself and faceless, has any effect on him, he being perfectlv immune to its orenda; and, in the next place, there is nothing that can bar his way or veil his faculties. Moreover, it is verily thus with all the things that are contained in the earth here present, that they severally retransform or exchange their bodies. It is thus with all the things [zoic] that sprout and grow, and, in the next place, with all things [actively zoic] that producesawa'do"".againit is

tea"H-hcr

hongwe"da'se"'a' man-being newht,'

na

le

aien aone wouirne"'the

ne "tho"thus(thereI

ha"'sa"just then

be-

that

nithodo'di'50

ne"'the

tea"'

ni'io'tsoit is

ge"'sou.stomarily

ha''sa"just then

de'hodwennaliis

there he has

where

voice has

grown

de'nio"'chaiigeil

ne"the

hongwe"da'se"'a"he man-being new

ne"the

oil'gwe'.man-being.

Ise"tho"Thus

na'iethat(it is)

di"'

ni'io't.so it is

ne"the

tea'where

tgaie'i"thereit is full

diiotgontalways

ne"'the

more uoreover

and

suffieient

tea'wliere

ni^ioia'daeiTnae"so his

ne"

tea"'

hadennoda"gwsi'.

ne"tho''there

gwa"'nextto

body has orenda

thoit

hadefinonda''gwa"lie

tea"vhere

ha'qhwa"heit

ne"the

ga"sha.sde"'sa\

himself with orenda embodies by whicli.

holds

ne"'tho"

gWiVtho'gwtl"'tho"nesttoit

ne"'the

hiia"'not

ste""thing

nonwa"ho"'de"kind of thing

ne"'

o'tgo"',"

ne''tho"there

O'sondoii'go'na"It

O'ni'dat'go""otkonin itself

Hiia"notit is

Great Destroyer

De'gago" "sonde"It

de"hona"go'was.

ne"tho'there

gwtv'tho"nexttoit

hiia

ste""'

has a

face.

noiiwa'ho"'de'"kind of tiling

de"hodawe""'das.it

Ne"'tho'Thus,

hi'iaverily,

di"'

ni'io't

tcii"'

him bars

(shuts) out.

more-

where

1011

niion'soitismuch

ga'qhwa'it it

tea"'

o"i]wendjia'de''it

dewadia"dade'nio'"'s

holds

earth

is

present

gag weit

gi

e"'thothus

iu'i(^"t

ne"'

wadonnia'"ha",

ne"tho'

gwa"'tho'nexttoit

all

12

a See footnote

on page

197.

220

lEOQUOIAN COSMOLOGY

[f.th.

ann21

themselves and grow, and, in the next place, all the man-beings. All these ai-e affected in the same manner, that they severally transform their bodies, and, in the next place, that they (actively zoic) retransform their bodies, severallv, without cessation.

ne"'

gondonnia'^ha',

A SENECA VERSIONThere were,side of the tiky.it

seeuis. so

it

is

said, niaii-heinos dwolliiiy

on the other

So, just in the center of their vilhige the lodge of the

chief stood, wherein lived his family, consisting of his spouse and onechild, a girl, that they

two had.

He was

surprised that then he began to ))ecome lonesome.

Now,

furthermore, he, the Ancient, was very lean, his bones having ))ecome dried; and the cause of this condition was that he was displeased that they two had the child, and one would think, judging from the circumstances, that he was jealous. So now this condition of things continued until the time that he, the Ancient, indicated that they, the people, should seek to divine his Word; that is. that they should have a dream f(>ast for tiie