Iris and Retinal ScanningBy: Ajay Dinakar Kandavalli

Introduction History Biometric functionality The Iris & Retina Iris identification How it works: Iris identification scanner Retinal scanning How it works: retinal scanner Scanners Advantages Challenges Applications Conclusion

Contents

Introduction:

Biometrics is the science of human recognition. In biometrics,”

Iris And Retinal Scanning” technologies are

known as “ocular-based”identification technologies, meaning

they rely on unique physiological characteristics of the eye to

identify an individual.

Retinal scanning is the analysis of the blood vessels at the back

of the eye

Iris scanning takes a reading of the characteristics of the iris

The idea for retinal identification was first conceived by Dr. Carleton Simon and Dr. Isadora Goldstein and was published in the New York State Journal of Medicine in 1935.

In 1994 when John Daugman developed the technology for iris scanning that is became useful, and since then iris scanning has begun to challenge the retinal scans .

History

Biometric System Functionality

The RetinaThe retina is the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of

the eye. Its neural structure is unique to one person to another even for identical twins.

The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye color is the color of the iris, which can be green, blue, or brown.

The Iris

A person stands 1-3 ft. away, wide angle camera calculates the position of the eye.

A second camera zooms in on eye and takes a black and white image.

Camera lays a circular grid on image of iris so iris system can recognize patterns within the iris to generate points

The captured image or ‘eyeprint’ is checked against previously stored ‘reference template’ in the database

Iris identification Steps

How it works Iris identification scanner:

A biometric  identifier known as a retinal scan is used to map the unique patterns of a person's retina

A retinal scan is performed by casting an unperceived beam of low-energy infrared light into a person’s eye

This beam of light traces a standardized path on the retina.

The pattern of variations is converted to computer code and stored in a database.

Retinal scanning

A person looks in to Retinal retinal scanner scanning- mapping process

How it works retinal scanning

Retinal Scanners Iris Scanners

Scanners

More accurate than fingerprints Prevents identity theft or fraud Retinal scanners aren’t subjected to dirt/finger misplacement

like fingerprints Extremely low (almost 0%) false positive rates Low occurrence of false negatives Fooling the retinal scanner is very difficult

Advantages

Susceptible to disease damage (i.e. cataracts) Viewed as intrusive and not very user friendly High amount of both user and operator skill required Not enough funding from government and private sectors

challenges

High end security applications Controlling access to areas or rooms in military installations/

government buildings Power plants Airports, research laboratories High risk places Bank facilities In future, it may be used for engineers and e-commerce

Where this security is used

No two irises are alike, not even identical twins The left eye and right eye are not the same on one person The iris has six times more distinct identifiable features than

fingerprints The probability of having two irises alike are one in ten to the

78th power (the population of the earth is approx. ten to the tenth power)

There is no known way to copy a retina

Facts

A retina from a dead person would deteriorate too fast to be useful so no extra precautions have been taken with retinal scanning to make sure the person is alive

Glasses or contact lenses do not interfere with the operation of iris recognition

Blind people with an iris can be identified with iris recognition technology

Facts cont…

Iris & Retinal Scanning is a highly accurate and secure biometric identification method.

If the enhancements are made while maintaining compact, efficient, and low-cost implementations, then Iris recognition & Retinal Scanning both will be well positioned for widespread deployment

Conclusion

Retinal Scan http://ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMRetinal.html Iris and Retinal Identification

http://et.wcu.edu/aidc/BioWebPages/Biometrics_Eye.html Biometric Identification

http://www.lowrycomputer.com/technologies/biometric_id/retinal_scan/

What is Iris Recognition Technology? http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-iris-recognition-technology.htm Iris recognition basics http://www.iriscan.com/basics.php Retinal scan http://www.answers.com/topic/retinal-scan?cat=health Different Types of Biometrics Technology

http://www.hundure.com/news-03.htm

References

Thank You