IR THEORYIR 5001

• Iconic images of world politics

• battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s

• Veiled women, ‘burqa’

• War on Terror

• Taliban’s oppression of women

• War on Terror, in part, a war on behalf of women and children

• Social Imaginary• Rescue of women and children ‘other’• Masculine national state (US) pastoral, paternal • Against, Islamic ‘terrorist,’ feminized other• War imagery of enemy • Masculine self/feminized other• Foreign Policy, War, Security, Power, • Nation/State

GENDER / IR

• Gendering theory

• What is gender?biology?

social construct masculinity/femininity

performativity language/discourse

Inequality

Hierarchy

Power

• What is theory?

• Ontology (in)visibility) what we see

• Epistemology – claims to know – how we know

• Methodology

• Axiology? (secularization of knowledge claims)

• Gender and IR theory and practice• Objectivity• Rationality • Power – territorial, sovereign• War/conflict • Accumulation• Citizen/humanity• Male knowledge = human knowledge, universal

Distinctions

• Warrior/Beautiful Soul

• Public/Private

• State/Household

• Citizens/Men

• Classical theory (Rousseau, Hegel, Marx)

• Paid work/unpaid labour

• Everyday

• Patriarchy (rule of father)• Feminist theory• Ungendering theory • Feminist empiricism (including excluded groups)• Standpoint feminism (difference, experience,

values)• Postmodern feminism • Postcolonial feminism

• Feminism • First Wave 19th and early 20the centuries

(suffragist movements, representation)• Second Wave in the 1960s and 70s

‘personal as political’, economic and cultural inequalities

• Third Wave 1990s post-structural critique of enlightenment thought, autonomy, rationality, subjectivity

• Liberal Feminists

• Assumption men and women are equal

• Women under-represented

• Participation in global politics

• Diplomats, military, business,

• Access to power

• Equal representation

• Standpoint Feminism

• Essentialism

• Male – conflict, war, power

• Female – peace, cooperation, fairness

• Values

• Post-Positivist Feminism– Discourse, performance, unstable not

fixed (no single cause of subordination)

• Cynthia Enloe: Where are the women– Diplomats wives workers, army bases, sex workers

• Ann Tickner : Realism biased to male lived experience (Hans Morgenthau)– Objectivity (culturally defined)– National interest (many sided)– Power as domination?– Politics and morality not distinct– Moral elements– Political realm is not autonomous

• Postmodern feminism

• Anti essentialist, discourse, language, web of meanings

• Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Irigaray

• Role of other (hospitality, accountability, empathy, cooperation, affinity)

• Gender one node of subjectification, capillary form of power

Postcolonial Feminist IR

• Postcolonial feminist IR• Spivak, Mohanty, Bhaba, Said, • ‘The subaltern cannot speak’• Normalization of white, western, middle class

woman as site of feminist struggles• Universalization of feminist theory from western

location• Ethnocentric• Internal racism, classism, homophobia

• Autonomy, subjectivity, modernity implicit starting point of liberal and radical feminism

• Colonial modernity – governmentality

• Disciplining of women central to stabilization of colonial conduct of conduct

• Women-nation-anti-colonial struggle

• Double marginalization (state/nation/labor)

Gender and Power

• Territorial/sovereign

• Micro-politics

• Capillary forms – subjectification

• Normalization

• Not autonomous but constituted in web of meanings (knowledge)

• Resistance

Gender and State

• Historical formation of the state• Women in state formation• Revolutionary struggles• Reproductive work of making citizens• Welfare/family• RBJ Walker’s critique – state sovereignty

subsumes all difference (race, class, gender) real work of gender/IR to undo principle of state sovereignty

• RBJ Walker :Women’s time and women’s place• Modernity/home• Fusion of gender into unitary political identity

(state)• Difficulty of location a place from which to speak

– all such places socially and historically constructed

• Politics of forgetting• Modernity – valorizes the “merely domestic,

reproductive nurturing, passive voice of women”

Women and ‘Development’

• Women and ‘Development’

• Modernization theory/difference

• Backwardness/lack/absence

• Third World Women

• Capitalism and Gender

• Productive/Unproductive labor

• Women as container of backwardness

Globalization and Gender

• Global Commodity Chain (IPE- Gary Gerrefi)

• Global Care Chain ( Arlie Hochschild maids, nannies, nurses in global division of labor)

• Women and flexible accumulation

• Structures of Neo-colonial global capitalism

• Gendered global division of labor

• Service

• Peripheral and flexible work force

• Feminization of global work force

• Security-Human Security-Insecurity Studies

• ‘Globalization of mothering’