IPM OF ROSE PESTS

Baldo Villegas

Entomologist; ARS Master Rosarian

Sacramento, CA USDA (Zone 8/9)

EMail: sactorose@yahoo.com

Home Page: http://www.sactorose.org/

An America Rose Society Presentation ©2005

INTRODUCTION

There are many different types of organisms (insects, mites, diseases) in the home garden

Very few are pests! Many beneficial organisms are present Correct identification of the pest is essential

for proper control

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Universities – UC, State, Community Colleges Cooperative Extension Offices State Department of Agriculture County Department of Agriculture Local Nurseries – CA Nursery Association

SOURCES OF INFORMATION (cont.)

Libraries Internet Private Sector

1. Local Nurseries especially members of the CA Nursery Association

2. Pesticide & Landscape Outlets

3. Pest Control Advisors (PCA’s)

4. Private Horticulture Experts

BALDO’S FAVORITE INTERNET IPM SITES

http://www.sactorose.org - Baldo’s Bugs & Roses Website

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu - UC IPM Online

http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/publicat.htm - University of Florida – Entomology & Nematology Publications

http://www.apsnet.org - The American Phytopathological Society

IPM REFERENCE BOOKS Dreistadt, Steve H. 1995. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs.

University of California. DANR Publication 3359. Oakland, CA 327p. ISBN#: 1-879906-18-X. 3Price $32.

Flint, Mary Louise. 1990. Pests of the Garden and Small Farm - A Grower’s Guide to Using Less Pesticide. University of California. DANR Publication 3332. Oakland, CA 276p. ISBN#: 0-931876-89-3. Price $25.

Cranshaw, Whitney. 1992. Pests of the West - Prevention and Control for Today’s Garden and Small Farm. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado, 275p. ISBN#: 1-55591-097-1. Excellent book for IPM in North America at a very reasonable price! Price $18.95.

Davidson, R. H. and William F. Lyon. 1987. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 556p.

IPM REFERENCE BOOKS (cont.) Essig, E. O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. The MacMillan

Company, NY, 1035p. This book has been out of print for many years. It is the best Book around for insect biologies for western insects.

Horst, Kenneth R. 1983. Compendium of Rose Diseases. APS Press, The American Phytophathological Society. St. Paul MN, 50p. Best book for rose diseases! Order: The American Phytophathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121, USA. ISBN#: 0-89054-052-7. Price - $35.

Johnson, Warren T. and Howard H. Lyon. 1988. Insects that Feed on Trees and Shrubs,, 2nd edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 556p. ISBN#: 0-8014-2108-X. One of the best books for ornamental pests in North America. Price $50.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)

IPM is an environmentally sound integration of all control methods to control

pest populations below economic or damaging levels

IPM STRATEGIES

Prevention Pest & Symptom Identification Regular Survey for Pests (presence or

symptoms) Establish Action Thresholds &

Guidelines

IPM METHODS

Cultural Control Mechanical & Physical Control Biological Control Chemical Control

CULTURAL CONTROL

Growing healthy plants Buying pest-free plant materials Choosing resistant varieties Choosing the planting site Fertilization - too much or too little Sanitation - removal of infected plant materials Watering methods

MECHANICAL & PHYSICAL Barriers - e.g., copper banding for snails/slugs Mulching - for weed control & water conservation Solarization - for control of weeds and diseases Hosing & Syringing - for control of aphids, mites, &

powdery mildew Handpicking & Crushing - for many large insects and

beetles Hoeing - for weed control Trapping - e.g., pheromone

traps for tobacco budworms

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

Parasites (Parasitoids) - e.g., parasitic wasps & flies

Predators - e.g., lady beetles & lacewings Diseases - e.g., milky spore for Japanese

Beetle, beneficial nematodes, etc.

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Inorganic Pesticides - Derived from elemental sources: Sulfur

Organic Pesticides - Synthetic pesticides further classified by chemical families and modes of action.

Botanical Pesticides - Derived from plant materials: Pyrethrum, rotenone, rynia, bioneem, pepper oil, etc.

Microbial Pesticides - Derived from microbial organisms: Bacillus thuringienses

SIGNAL WORDS

POISON: Highly Toxic - Nicotine Sulfate DANGER: Highly Toxic - Funginex (Triforine)

WARNING: Moderately Toxic - Roundup CAUTION: Slightly Toxic - many botanicals &

microbial pesticides

These words give information on the relative toxicity and corrosiveness of the pesticide

Garden Insecticides - Systemics

Insecticides – Contact - Residual

Insecticides – Contact – No Residue

Insecticides - Microbal

WHO DID THIS DAMAGE?

Aphids

Aphid Natural Enemies

Dead Aphid From Aphid Wasp

Aphis WaspLady Beetle

More Aphid Natural Enemies

Lacewing Adult

Lacewing Larva

Lacewing Eggs

Cecidomyiid Midge AdultCecidomyiid Midge Larva

Sooty Mold – usually grows on top of honeydew produced by sucking insects

Ants – commonly found on honeydew produced by sucking insects

Mealybugs

Whiteflies

Rose Scale – common on berry bushes

San Jose Scale – common on fruit trees

Scale Insect Natural Enemies

Red Scale Wasp (Aphytis melinus)

Red Scale Wasp Larva On Scale

Spittlebugs – unsightly “spit” or foam

Spider Mites – suck individual cells dry

Two-Spotted Spider Mites

Flower Thrips – very tiny insects!Commonly found causing damage to rose petals

Western Flower Thrips

Rose Midge – tiny mosquito like flies, feeds on the apical buds of roses

Katydids – long horned grasshoppers

Snails & Slugs – leave a silvery slime trail behind

Control Measures For Snails

Copper Band

Baldo Squish

Diabrotica or Cucumber Beetles

Rose Curculios – feeds on early flower buds

Rose Curculio – damage to buds

Other Beetles: Hoplia, Japanese beetles, Stem girdlers, etc.

Fruit Tree Leafroller Caterpillars

Tobacco Budworms - commonly migrate from companion plantings

Marmara Cambium Miners

Bristly Rose Slug – skeletonizes leaves

European Rose Slug – skeletonizes leaves

Rose Stem Sawfly Damage on Rose

Rose Stem Boring SawflyAka – Raspberry Stem Boring Sawfly

Cane Boring Insects

Most cane boring insects are predaceous on other insects and use rose stems for nesting

Predatory aphid wasp

Cynipid Gall Wasps – cause galls on leaves, stems & roots

Leafcutter Bees – do not eat leaves; they use them for lining nests

Learn To Recognize The Good Bugs Of The Garden

Leatherwinged Beetle

Lady Beetle Larva

Parasitized Aphid – A “Mummy” Lady Beetle

Pupae

Ground Beetle

Scale Feeding Lady Beetle Larvae, Pupae & Adult

Mealybug Destroyer Lady Beetle Larvae

Watch out for the Lady Beetles!

Beneficial Hover Fly - larvae look like caterpillars but they are not!

Baldo’s Squish Technique

The Squish Technique – works on other organisms

IPM IN THE HOME GARDEN

Establish damage levels for your own garden

Make observations and record them Correctly identify the pest Take the appropriate action; sometimes

the appropriate action is no action

The End