ip network basics

IP Network Basics

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Internal Use Only▲

Course Objectives• Grasp the basic knowledge of network• Understand network evolution history and classification of

network• Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function• Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its

position




Course Outline

• Chapter I Network Overview

• Chapter II OSI Reference Model




Course Contents

• Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network

Section 2 Classification of Network


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Definition of Network

Computer network refers to interconnect ion of separately distributed computers and external communication equipments to form a system for easy information exchanging and resource sharing among multiple pieces of computers.

IP HotelMobile

Server



Network Evolution History

Phase 2 ： 70’s － 80’s

Phase 4 ： 80’s till now

Phase 1 ： 50’s － 60’s




Course Contents





Classification of Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metro Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)



LAN

LAN usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated

several independent data devices to enable users to share

network resources.

Features: short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate

and reliable transmission.

The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network

equipments and communication media.



MAN

MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to

hundreds of kilometers

Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several

Gbit/s

Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN



WAN

WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data

communication within wide areas. WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of

kilometers.




Course Contents






Course Contents

• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview

Section 2 Physical Layer

Section 3 Data-link Layer

Section 4 Network Layer

Section 5 Transport Layer

Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer



OSI Reference Model Overview

Data Transmission between Networks

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Network Layer

Physical Layer

Data Transmission between Hosts

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

OSI RM： Open System Interconnection Reference Model



Functions of Each Layer

1

2

3

4

5

6

7Provide communication between application programs

Process data format and encryption

Establish, maintain and manage sessions

Establish end-to-end connection

Addressing and routing

Provide media access and link management

Bit stream transmission

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Physical Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Network Layer



Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model

Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate.

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Network Layer

Physical Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer APDU

Bits

Frame

Packet

Segment

SPDU

PPDU

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Network Layer

Physical Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer



Upper Layer Data

Upper Layer DataTCP Header

IP Header

LLC Header

0101110101001000010

MAC Header

Segment

Packet

Bits

Frame

PDU

FCS

FCS

Data Encapsulation

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Physical Layer

Network Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Session Layer

Upper Layer Data

Upper Layer Data

Upper Layer Data



Upper Layer Data

LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

MAC Header

IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

LLC Header

TCP+ Upper Layer Data

IP Header

Upper Layer Data

TCP Header

0101110101001000010

Transport Layer

Data-link Layer

Physical Layer

Network Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Session Layer

Data De-encapsulation




Study Contents








Physical Layer

Physical Layer • Moves bits between devices• Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables

Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI

Reference Model.

Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream

transmission.



Physical Layer also defines:

Media Type

Connector Type

Signal Type

Function of Physical Layer



HUB

Host

Host

10Base2—Ethernet thin-wire10Base5—Ethernet thick-wire

10BaseT—TP

Ethernet/802.3



HUB works on Physical Layer The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star

Topology but Bus Topology logically. All devices are in one Collision Domain The more terminals, the more collisions All devices share the bandwidth

Collision Domain： an assembling of all the workstations on the

same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a

group of nodes contending the same bandwidth.

HUB




Study Contents








Data-link Layer

Data-link Layer

• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames

• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction

Physical Layer

• Moves bits between devices• Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables

Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model

Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network

Layer of destination host.



Data-link Layer defines: Physical source and destination addresses

Define network topology

Control of frame order

Flow Control

Function of Data-link Layer



DataSource address FCSLengthDestination

address

Variable Length266 4

00.d0.d0 xx.xx.xx

Distributed by manufacturer

The manufacturer code assigned by

IEEE

Preamble

Ethernet II uses “Type” in this field.

MAC address

8# Bytes

MAC Address



Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer

Each network segment connected to each port is an

individual Collision Domain

All network segments are in one Broadcast Domain

Broadcast Domain： assembly of nodes that receive same

broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network

segment with other broadcast nodes.

Switch/Bridge




Study Contents








Network Layer

EIA/TIA-232V.35

IPIPX

NetworkLayer

• Provides logic addressing which routers use for path determination

Data-link Layer

• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames

• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction

Physical Layer

• Moves bits between devices • Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables

802.3 / 802.2HDLC



Defines Logical Address

Addressing and Routing

Network Layer IP, IPX

Data-link Layer

Physical Layer

EIA/TIA-232v.35

Eth

ern

et

HDLC

802.2

802.3

Functions of Network Layer

FR



Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted by two parts: Network address and Host address.

IP address

Network address Host address

10. 8.2.48

Logical Address(1)



11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

Binary Mask

Binary Address

172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0

172 16 122 204

255

Address Mask

255 0 0

Network Host

Logical Address(2)



Functions: Logical routing Select best routing path Broadcast control Multicast Control Flow Control

Router




Course Contents








TCPUDPSPX

802.3 / 802.2HDLC

EIA/TIA-232V.35

IPIPX

Transport Layer

Transport Layer

• Provides reliable or unreliable delivery• Performs error correction before

retransmit

Network Layer

• Provides logical addressing,which routers use for path determination

Data-link Layer

• Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction

Physical Layer

• Moves bits between devices• Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables



Functions: Segment Upper Layer Data Establish end-to-end connection between application programs Flow control Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication

Network Layer IPXIP

Transport Layer SPXTCP UDP

Function of Transport Layer



Synchronizing

Acknowledgement, Synchronizing

Acknowledgement

Data Transmission

Sender Receiver

Connection Established

Connection-oriented Session



Summary

Definition of Network Network Evolution History Classification of Networks OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer Common Network Devices

ip network basics

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