Ionic Compounds and Metals

Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

Learning GoalsDescribe the formation of ionic bonds.

Write formulas for ionic compounds and oxyanions.

Apply naming conventions to ionic compounds and oxyanions.

Formation of an Ionic Bond The electrostatic force that holds oppositely

charged particles together in an ionic compound is called an ionic bond.

• Compounds that contain ionic bonds are called ionic compounds.

• Binary ionic compounds contain only two different elements—a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion.

Formulas for Ionic Compounds• When writing names and formulas for ionic compounds, the cation appears first followed by the anion.

Formulas for Ionic Compounds

• A formula unit represents the simplest ratio of the ions involved.

• Monatomic ions are one-atom ions.

Formulas for Ionic Compounds

• Oxidation number, or oxidation state, is the charge of a monatomic ion.

Formulas for Ionic Compounds• The symbol for the cation is always

written first, followed by the symbol of the anion.

• Subscripts represent the number of ions of each element in an ionic compound.

• The total charge must equal zero in an ionic compound.

Polyatomic Ions• Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that have an overall charge.

Polyatomic Ions• Since polyatomic ions exist as a unit, never change subscripts of the atoms within the ion.

• If more than one polyatomic ion is needed, place parentheses around the ion and write the appropriate subscript outside the parentheses.

Polyatomic Ions• An oxyanion is a polyatomic ion composed of an element (usually a non-metal), bonded to one or more oxygen atoms.

Polyatomic Ions

Names for Ionic Compounds• Chemical nomenclature is a

systematic way of naming compounds.1. Name the cation followed by the anion.

2. For monatomic cations use the element name.

Names for Ionic Compounds

3. For monatomic anions, use the root element name and the suffix –ide.

4. To distinguish between different oxidation states of the same element, the oxidation state is written in parentheses after the name of the cation.

5. When the compound contains a polyatomic ion, name the cation followed by the name of the polyatomic ion.

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